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Barbarossa in short. Plan Barbarossa (briefly). Why was the German attack plan on the USSR called the “Barbaros” plan?

The fascist aggression against the Radyansky Union, called the “Barbarossa Plan” by the Roman Emperor, was a massive military campaign that had one single goal: to defeat and conquer the USSR. The remaining term for the completion of military operations was transferred to the autumn of 1941.

In the late evening of 1941, the Führer signed directive number 21. She was assigned to nine samples and was imprisoned in the same dungeon.

The directive had a mental name - the Barbarossa plan. She had to complete the campaign to defeat the USSR before the end of the war against Great Britain.

What is this document and what are the goals of reexamining the Barbarossa Plan - the aggression was thoroughly disintegrated and directed against the Radyansky Union. With the help of the new Hitler, who intends to reach the light of the world, he can push one of the main steps onto the road to his imperial goals.

The main strategic targets were Moscow, Leningrad, Donbass and the Central Industrial District. Under whose capital, a special place was assigned, and burials were considered critical to the possible outcome of this war.

To reduce the USSR, Hitler planned to dismantle all German ground forces, except for those who would be lost in the occupied territories.

Barbarossa's plan was to transfer the forces of the fascist UPS to assist the ground forces in a similar operation, so that the ground part of the campaign could be completed as quickly as possible. At the same time, the directive instructed to use any means to minimize the ruination of the United Kingdom by enemy fighters.

Naval combat operations against the Pivnichny, Black Sea and Baltic fleets are carried out simultaneously by ships of the Reich Navy with the naval forces of Romania and Finland.

For the immediate attack on the USSR, Barbarossa’s plan considered the fate of 152 divisions, including tank and motorized ones, two brigades. Romania and Finland are planning to deploy 16 brigades and 29 ground divisions in this campaign.

The armored forces of the German satellites of the Reich have little activity under a single German command. The Finnish forces were faced with the threat of civilian troops due to minor attacks from Norwegian territory, as well as the depletion of civilian troops on the outskirts of Hanko. At this time, Rumania is small in recruiting the Radian troops, helping the Germans from the civilian areas.

Barbarossa's plan was based on clear goals, the basis of which lay clearly on the expressions of class opposition. This was the idea of the beginning of a war that was transformed into the impoverishment of entire peoples through the indispensable use of violent methods.

In response to the military invasion of France, Poland and the Balkans, a blitz campaign against the Radyansky Union was prepared very carefully. Hitler's government spent a lot of time and effort on developing Barbarossa's plan, so the attack was turned off.

However, the creators could not accurately assess the importance and strength of the Radyan sovereign and, coming from the excess of economic, political and military potential of the fascist empire, they underestimated the importance of the USSR, they are afraid This is the moral spirit of his people.

Hitler’s “machine” was gathering momentum for victory, which was even easier and closer to the Reich workers. Why is it that combat actions are not a blitzkrieg, but an offensive is a continuous thrust deep into the USSR, and with even greater speed. Short breaks were carried out without tightening the tension.

With this, Barbarossa’s plan will be carried out, including any delays against the Radian Army. The reason for the failure of what seemed to be a compelling plan was the overwhelming reliance on one’s own strength, which, as history has shown, ruined the plans of the fascist generals.

The mystique of war is a science in which nothing goes beyond what has been insured and thought out.
Napoleon

The Barbarossa plan is a plan for Germany’s attack on the USSR, based on the principle of the Blitzkrieg war, the blitzkrieg. The plan began to disintegrate in 1940, and on the 18th of 1940 Hitler confirmed the plan, which brought about a war that would end, most importantly, at the fall of the leaves in 1941.

Plan Barbarossa is named after Frederick Barbarossi, the emperor of the 12th century, who became famous for his campaigns of conquest. It was all laced with elements of symbolism, to which Hitler himself gave such respect and precision. I’ll call my plan on the 31st day of 1941.

Number of troops to implement the plan

Germany prepared 190 divisions for the war and 24 divisions as reserves. For the war there were 19 tank and 14 motorized divisions. The estimated number of the contingent that Germany sent to the USSR, according to various estimates, ranges from 5 to 5.5 million individuals.

The advantage, it would seem, was that the technology of the SRSR, especially in the development of the brothers, was not very good, until the beginning of the war, technical tanks and aircraft of the German Empire were converted by the Radyans, and the army itself was richly trained. To remember the Finnish-Finnish war of 1939-1940, the RSNA demonstrated weakness in literally everything.

Directly to the head blow

Barbarossa's plan included 3 main directions for attack:

Army Group "Pivden". Attack on Moldova, Ukraine, Crimea and entry into the Caucasus. Further flow to the line Astrakhan - Stalingrad (Volgograd).
Army Group "Center". Line "Minsk - Smolensk - Moscow". Proceed to Nizhny Novgorod, following the line "Khvilya - Pivnichna Dvina".
Army Group "Pivnich". A blow to the Baltic states, Leningrad and further away to Arkhangelsk and Murmansk. At the same time, the army of “Norway” fought closely with the Finnish army.

Table - current goals suit Barbarossa's plan

	Pivden	CENTER	PIVNICH
Purpose	Ukraine, Crimea, access to the Caucasus	Minsk, Smolensk, Moscow	Baltic states, Leningrad, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk
Number of people	57 divisions and 13 brigades	50 divisions and 2 brigades	29th Division + Army “Norway”
Commander	Field Marshal von Rundstedt	Field Marshal von Bock	Field Marshal von Leeb
Zagalna meta	Login to the line: Arkhangelsk – Volga – Astrakhan (Pivnichna Dvina)

Around the end of 1941, the German command planned to withdraw from the Volga - Pivnichna Dvina line, thereby burying the entire European part of the USSR. This was the idea of the Bliskavich war. After the Blitzkrieg, the land beyond the Urals would be lost, and without support from the center, the Swedes would have given in to defeat.

Until about the middle of 1941, the Germans believed that the war was following the plan, and in the spring there were already more entries in the officers' uniforms that the Barbarossa plan had failed and the war would be lost. The greatest proof of what Nimechtina believed in 1941 was that before the end of the war with the Soviet Socialist Republic, people lost their treatment due to Goebbels’ intervention. The Minister of Propaganda urged that the Germans should collect warm speeches for the needs of the army. The order is clear that there is no need for this crop, there is nothing left to collect from the war.

Implementation of the plan

The first three great wars sang to Hitler that everything was going according to plan. The army quickly pushed forward, having achieved victory, the Radyan army recognized the great losses:

28 divisions and 170 were taken out of order.
70 divisions spent nearly 50% of the special stock.
72 divisions were lost (43% of those active at the start of the war).

During this period, the average rate of penetration of the German troops into the corners of the region reached 30 km per hour.

Until the 11th century, the army group "Pivnich" occupied almost the entire territory of the Baltic states, securing access to Leningrad, the army group "Center" reached Smolensk, the army group "Pivden" reached Kiev. These were the remaining revenues, which largely supported the plan of the German command. After this, the bad luck began (still local, but later showing). The pro-initiative of the war was on the battlefield of Germany right up to the end of 1941.

Misfortunes on Evening Night

The “Pivnich” army occupied the Baltic states without any problems, especially since there was practically no partisan revolution. The next strategic point, as expected, was Leningrad. The Axis here showed that the Wehrmacht could not handle this battle. The place did not capitulate to the enemy and until the end of the war, regardless of all efforts, Germany did not dare to ask for anything.

Misfortunes of the Army Center

Army “Center” reached Smolensk without any problems, but was stuck in the area until 10 April. Smolensk has been repairing the operation for about a month. The German command achieved decisive victories and the penetration of the troops, as long as such a blockade under the place, which was planned to be captured without great expense, was unacceptable and put in doubt the implementation of Barbarossa’s plan. As a result, the Germans took Smolensk, but their army was worse off.

Historians today assess the battle for Smolensk as a tactical victory for Germany, but a strategic victory for Russia, as soon as the army’s advance on Moscow was stopped, which allowed the capital to prepare for defense.

The penetration of the German army into the corner of the edge of the partisan movement of Belarus was complicated.

Misfortunes of the army Pivden

The “Pivden” army reached Kiev in 3.5 years and, like the “Center” army near Smolensk, got stuck in battles. The final capture of the place was done in respect of the obvious superiority of the army, but Kiev was washed almost until the end of the spring, which also made it easier for the German army to pass through, and made a huge contribution to the plan of Barbarossa.

Map of the plan for the penetration of German troops

Above is a map that shows the plan of the German command before the attack. Indicated on the map: in green - the cordons of the USSR, in red - the cordon before which Germany planned to leave, in blue - the dislocation and plan for the passage of the German troops.

Zagalny camp is correct

On Pivnoch there was no desire to think of Leningrad or Murmansk. The shoe was being pushed through.
The Center was forced to reach Moscow. At the time the German army reached the Radyan capital, it was clear that no blitzkrieg had happened.
On Pivdni it was not possible to take Odessa or the Caucasus. Until the end of the spring, Hitler's armies occupied Kiev and began to attack Kharkov and Donbass.

Why the Germans didn’t go into blitzkrieg

Without going into blitzkrieg, the remains of the Wehrmacht prepared the Barbarossa plan, as was later revealed, based on critical intelligence data. Hitler even knew before the end of 1941 that he said that having known the real state of justice in the USSR, he would not have started the war on 22 rubles.

The tactics of the Bliskavich war were based on the fact that in the region there was one line of defense at the approaching cordon, all the great army units were deployed at the approaching cordon, and aircraft were stationed at the entry cordon. Remnants of Hitler’s words that all the Radian armies were dispersed at the cordon, and this formed the basis of the Blitzkrieg - to defeat the enemy army in the first half of the war, and then quickly push into the depths of the country, not very serious support.

In reality, there were only a few lines of defense, the army was not overextended with forces at the entry cordon, and there were reserves. Nothing came to a head, and even before the beginning of 1941 it became clear that the Great War had broken out, and the Great War could not be won. Those who fought for the Friend of the World right up to 1945, it is worth noting that the Germans fought in an organized and well-organized manner. Thanks to the fact that the economy of all of Europe was behind them (talking about the German War and the Soviet Socialist Republic, but whoever forgets that the warehouse of the German army grew almost completely regions of Europe) went to war successfully.

Chi spoiled Barbarossa's plan

I evaluate Barbarossa’s plan based on 2 criteria: global and local. Global(landmark - the Great German War) - the plan was abandoned, the remains of the Great Patriotic War did not work out, the German troops were engaged in battles. Local(landmark – reconnaissance data) – the plan was finalized. The German command formed the Barbarossa plan based on the fact that the USSR has 170 divisions on the border of the country, and there are no additional layers of defense. There are no reserves or reinforcements. What the army was preparing for. Over the course of 3 years, 28 Radian divisions were completely reduced, and in 70, approximately 50% of the special stock and equipment were withdrawn. At this stage the blitzkrieg was carried out without support from the SRSR, giving the required results. But it turned out that the Radyan command has reserves, not all troops have been deployed at the cordon, mobilization will lead to an army of strong warriors, and additional lines of defense, “belonging” to some of them. d Smolensk and Kiev.

Therefore, having seen Barbarossa’s plan, one can see as a great strategic compromise of German intelligence, such as William Canaris. Today, some historians connect this person with English agents, but there is no evidence of this. If we assume that this is true, then it becomes reasonable that Canaris gave Hitler an absolute “fake”, that the USSR is not ready for war and all the military dislocations are at the border.

The USSR began to disintegrate under the wire of General Paulus on the 21st of July 1940, that is. at the hour when Germany succeeded in occupying France and achieving its capitulation. The plan was still solidified on the 18th breast. It was expected that victory over the USSR would be achieved in the shortest possible time - even before the defeats were known. To achieve this, Hitler ordered tanks to be sent to the main forces of the enemy, in order to quickly protect the ground forces and prevent the troops from advancing deeper.

It was decided that everything would be sufficient for victory, and in the short term the USSR would capitulate. Given the developments, there will be little time for the implementation of the plan, no more than 5 months. In this manner, the Wehrmacht allowed the enemy to be defeated even before the onset of winter, and the Germans would not have to face the harsh Russian cold.

In the early days, the invasion forces of the Third Reich were unlikely to penetrate so far that the soldiers of the SRSR could not attack objects built in previously buried territories. Then it was decided to conquer the Asian part of the country from the European one, secure industrial centers with the help of Luftwaffe forces and bomb the Baltic Fleet, which created a heavy flood on the military bases. So that the forces of the SRSR could not interfere with the implementation of the plan, they also had to be protected.

Fine details of Barbarossa

Despite the plan, the Germans will not share the same fate in the operation. It was reported that soldiers from Finland and Romania were also fighting, first to subdue the enemy on the Hanko Peninsula and to block the advance of German troops from the side of Norway, while others would provide assistance at the front. It is clear that both Finland and Romania are operating under German commands and are abrogating all punishments given to them.

The orders of the ground forces were to attack the territory of Belarus, reducing the enemy on the Leningrad direct and near the Baltic states. Then the soldiers wanted to capture Leningrad and Kronstadt and in the short term destroy all the enemy’s defense forces that were on the road to Moscow. The UPS at this time has a small desire to either protect stations, terminals, railway lines and bridges, as well as create a number of heavy pressures on the enemy’s military bases.

Thus, the first Germans wanted to gain more space and secure communication centers, after which victory over the USSR, according to the plan, was only a matter of time and did not require great sacrifices.

Barbarossa Fall"), referred to as the plan for the war of Germany against the USSR (in the name of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossi).

In 1940, after the defeat of the French army, the moment came that Hitler and his associates were very important for the implementation of their aggressive plans at the Assembly. On June 22, 1940, on the day of the surrender of France, the Chief of the General Staff of the Ground Forces, General Franz Halder, rejected remarks from Hitler and the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, Walter von Brauchitsch, about the development of the invasion plan to the Radiansky Union. The command of the ground forces (OCG) at the time of the day developed a number of options, all on its own. One of the options was developed by the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Germany (OKW) under the leadership of Alfred Jodl and his protector General Walter Warlimont and going under the code name “Lossberg Study”. It will be completed before the 15th of Wednesday and will emerge from another option - General Marx - so that the head blow has appeared on the new front. After praising the residual resolve, Hitler took a moment to commend Jodl’s mercilessness. At the hour of completion of the work on the options for the plan, General Friedrich Paulus was appointed as the intercessor of the Chief of the General Staff, who was entrusted with bringing all the plans together and maintaining the respect granted by the Fuhrer. Under the leadership of General Paulus in the middle of the 1940s. Staff games arose for the sake of the military and Nazi leadership, and a residual version of the Barbarossa plan was developed. Paulus wrote in his own words: “The preparations for Operation Barbarossa were carried out under my supervision in the middle of 1940, lasting two days at the headquarters of the ground forces at Tsossenia.

Moscow was the main target. To achieve this goal, the threat will be eliminated from the day before, the Russian troops will be reduced in the Baltic republics. Then it was time to take Leningrad and Kronstadt, and the Russian Baltic Fleet to spare their base. Today, the first priority was Ukraine with Donbass, and then the Caucasus with its naphtha oil tanks. The capture of Moscow was of particular importance to the OKW plans. It is not enough for the capture of Moscow to overcome the capture of Leningrad. The capture of Leningrad was followed by a number of military goals: the liquidation of the main bases of the Russian Baltic Fleet, the removal of the military industry from this place and the liquidation of Leningrad. point of focus for a counter-attack against the German troops, which will advance on Moscow. If I say that the decision was praised, then I do not want to say that the thoughts of senior commanders and staff officers were always the same.

On the other hand, although little was said about it, there was an idea that after the sudden collapse of the Radyansky support, as a result of internal political difficulties, organizational and material weaknesses of the so-called “ear of clay legs."

“The entire territory in which operations are carried out is divided by the Pripyat swamps into the rainy and rainy half. The rest of the road is limited. The shortest highways and climbs are located on the Warsaw-Moscow line That's why the other half has more amenable minds for a large number of people. In addition, in the grouped Russians there is a sign of a concentration of military forces directly on the Russian-German demarcation line. There is a base for the Russians, covered with field fortifications. Russians will be confused about the dates.

As soon as they move away, they will no longer be able to destroy their fishing areas. As a result, our idea is to prevent the creation of a strong defensive front by the Russians from entering these two rivers with the help of tank wedges. A particularly large attack force may attack Moscow from the Warsaw region. From the transfer of three army groups, the front line will have to be sent to Leningrad, and the forces of the front line will launch a head attack directly to Kiev. The final method of operation is the Volga and Arkhangelsk region. In all, there are 105 infantry, 32 tank and motorized divisions, from which great forces (two armies) are directly at the other echelon."

“We walked through the frozen swamps, often the kriga cracked, and the krizhan water was wasted in our boots. My mittens were soaked through, I had to take them off and wrap them with a towel, which made my hands numb. I wanted to fight through the pain.” From a sheet of a German soldier, a participant in the Russian campaign born in 1941-42.

“The most important goal is not to allow the Russians to withdraw, preserving the integrity of the front. The offensive should be carried out so far in advance that Russian aviation could not invade the territory of the German Reich and On the other hand, German aircraft could launch air strikes against the Russians "military-industrial areas, for which it is necessary to defeat the Russian armored forces and escape their creation. Already the first strikes were carried out by such units, so that the great forces of the enemy could be defeated. deliver a head blow.

At night it is necessary to sharpen the enemy forces in the Baltic countries. For which group of armies, when we attack Moscow, the mother must do enough to enable her to turn a significant part of her forces to the front. The group of armies, which arrives today in the wake of the Pripyatsky pains, may emerge later and will be able to sharpen the great military forces in Ukraine through this maneuver, which is humming, from the evening... Transferred to carry out all For these operations, the number of troops in 130-140 divisions is sufficient." .

The remaining version of the plan was laid out in the directive of the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces (OKW) dated 21 June 18, 1940 (div.

Directive 21) and "Directives for strategic concentration and military expansion" OKH dated 31 June 1941. The “Barbarossa” plan was transferred “to deliver defeats to Radian Russia in the Swedish campaign even before the war against England is over.” The idea was to “split the front of the main forces of the Russian army, concentrated in the western part of Russia, with quick and deep blows of hard, weak groupings at daytime and at daytime in the face of sore throats and , vikorista this breach, protect against the dissolution of the grouping of the warlords of the army ". With this, the main strength of the Radian army was transferred to the entry from the line of the Dnieper, Zakhidna Dvina, preventing them from entering the region. Next, it was planned to enter Moscow, Leningrad, Donbass and enter the line Astrakhan, Volga, Arkhangelsk (division “A-A”). The “Barbarossa” plan laid out the duties of army groups and armies, the order of interaction between them, the duties of the UPU and the Navy, the nutrition of military forces with the allied powers, etc.

The action was transferred to the spring of 1941, in connection with the operations against Yugoslavia and Greece, this term was postponed. In the year 1941 the remaining order about the day of the attack was issued - 22 chernyas.

Before the OKW and OKH directives, a number of additional documents were developed, incl.

including the disinformation directive, which was intended to present the “strategic deployment of forces for Operation Barbarossa” in the form of the largest disinformation maneuver in the history of the military, which may gain respect from the rest x prepare for the invasion of England."

In accordance with the Barbarossa plan, until 22 June 1941, 190 divisions (including 19 tank and 14 motorized) were assigned to the borders of the USSR and their allies. They were supported by 4 military fleets, as well as Finnish and Romanian aviation. The army, at the beginning of the offensive, had 5.5 million.

man, about 4300 tanks, over 47 thousand. field shells and mortars, approximately 5,000 combat aircraft. The army groups burst into flames: “Pivnich” at the warehouse of the 29th divisions (usi German) – at the smoothie from Memel (Klaipeda) to Gołdap; "Center" at the warehouse 50 divisions and 2 brigades (us German) - at the smoothie from Goldap to Pripyatsky pains; "Pivden" at the warehouse there are 57 divisions and 13 brigades (including 13 Rumanian divisions, 9 Rumanian and 4 Ugric brigades) - in the smoothie from Pripyatsky bolitas to the Black Sea. Small army groups are constantly attacking in front of Leningrad, Moscow and Kiev. Finland and Norway are home to the German Army "Norway" and 2 Finnish armies - a total of 21 divisions and 3 brigades, supported by the 5th Airborne Fleet and the Finnish Air Force єyu.

They were ordered to leave for Murmansk and Leningrad. The OKH reserve lost 24 divisions.

Regardless of the initial significant successes of the German armies, the Barbarossa plan turned out to be impossible, as a result of the predatory change of mind about the weakness of the Radyansky Union and its armored forces.

Vіdmіnnе designated

Nepovne vyznachennya ↓




	SRSR: Ukrainian Russian Socialist Republic, Belarusian Russian Socialist Republic, Moldavian Russian Socialist Republic, Lithuanian Russian Socialist Republic, Latvian Russian Socialist Republic, Estonian Russian Socialist Republic; regions: Pskov, Smolensk, Kursk, Orlovsk, Leningrad, Bilgorod.
	Aggression of Nazi Germany
	Tactical - defeating the Radyan troops at border battles and entering the depths of the country at a relatively small cost to the Wehrmacht and the allies of Germany. The strategic result is the failure of the blitzkrieg of the Third Reich.
Opponents






Commanders
Joseph Stalin	Adolf Hitler
Semyon Timoshenko	Walter von Brauchitsch
Georgy Zhukov	Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb
Fedir Kuznetsov	Fedir von Bock
Dmitro Pavlov	Gerd von Rundstedt
Mikhailo Kirponos †	Ion Antonescu
Ivan Tyulenev	Carl Gustav Mannerheim
	Giovanni Messe
	Italo Gariboldi
	Miklos Horthy
	Josef Tiso
Power of sides
2.74 million osib + 619 thousand. Reserve Central Committee (VRE) 13,981 tanks 9397 letaks (7758 references) 52,666 harmat and morometiv	4.05 million people + 0.85 million allies of Nіmechchini 4215 tanks + 402 allied tanks 3909 letaks + 964 Allied flights 43 812 harmat and morometiv + 6673 allied garmat and mortars
Vyskov's expenses
2,630,067 killed and killed 1,145,000 injured and sick	Close to 431,000 dead and dead 1,699,000 unknown

(Directive No. 21. Plan "Barbarossa"; nomu. Weisung Nr. 21. Fall Barbarossa, in honor of Frederick I) - The plan for the invasion of Germany into the USSR at the Similar European Theater of Another World War and the military operation that was carried out according to this plan at the beginning stage of the Great Empire noi war.

Development of the Barbarossa plan began on June 21, 1940. The plan, the remaining divisions under the leadership of General F. Paulus, was confirmed on the 18th of 1940 by the directive of the Supreme Commander of the Wehrmacht No. 21. The Bliskavich rout of the main forces of the Red Army was transferred to the entry of the Dnieper and Zakhidna Dv rivers Otherwise, the intention was to invade Moscow. on the line Arkhangelsk - Volga - Astrakhan.

The triviality of the main combat operations has been transferred, which are released for 2-3 months - this is the name of the “Blitzkrieg” strategy (in German). Blitzkrieg).

Change your mind

After Nazi Hitler came to power, revanchist sentiments grew sharply. Nazi propaganda convinced the Germans of the need to conquer the Assembly. Back in the mid-1930s, the German ranks declared the imminent impending war with the USSR. Planning an attack on Poland with the possible entry into the war of Great Britain and France, the German order decided to secure itself immediately - in the war of 1939, a non-aggression treaty was established between Germany and the USSR, which divided the sphere of defense other interests of Converging Europe. On the 1st spring of 1939, Germany attacked Poland, as a result of which on the 3rd spring the war of Germany was fought by Great Britain and France. Under the hour of the Polish campaign, the RSCA Radiansky Union entered the military and annexed from Poland the vast majority of the Russian Empire: the Western Ukraine and the Western Belarus. A strong cordon has appeared between Germany and the USSR.

In 1940, Germany invaded Denmark and Norway (Danish-Norwegian operation); Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and France during the French campaign. In this way, before the end of 1940, Germany managed to radically change the strategic situation in Europe, withdraw France from the war and drive the British army out of the continent. The victories of the Wehrmacht gave rise to hopes in Berlin in Sweden for the end of the war with England, which would allow Germany to throw all its efforts into defeating the USSR, and at the same time free its hands to fight against the USA.

However, Germany was unable to bring Great Britain into the world, nor was it able to overcome it. The war was raging, fighting took place at sea, near Pivnichny Africa in the Balkans. In the early 1940s, Germany tried to win an alliance with England, Spain and Vyshist France, and also initiated negotiations with the USSR.

The Radyan-German negotiations in the fall of 1940 showed that the SRSR considered the possibility of joining the Triple Pact, but put it under whose minds were unpleasant for Germany, which left them in the Having been handed over to Finland, they closed the possibility of passing to the Close Crossing through the Balkans.

However, regardless of this autumn, Hitler was on the stand, hanging him on the cob of the 1940 rock, the OKH put together the rough outlines of the plan for the campaign against the USSR, and 22 limes issued a plan for the attack, which was named in the code Nya "plan Barbarossa". The decision about the war with the USSR and the secret plan for the upcoming campaign were announced by Hitler immediately after his victory over France - June 31, 1940.

Hope of England - Russia and America. As hopes rested on Russia, America also fell from England, as a result of the defeat of Russia, which resulted in the incredible strengthening of Japan in Western Asia. […]

If Russia is defeated, England will lose its remaining hope. Todi panuvatime in Europe and in the Balkans Nimecchina.

Visnovok: Apparently, before the end of the day, Russia may be liquidated. The term is spring 1941.

The more we grow Russia, the better it is. Operation matime sense is more difficult because with one swift blow we will defeat the entire state. It is not enough to bury any part of the territory.

Zupinka diy uzimku is not safe. It would be better for him to check, or to praise the firm decision to destroy Russia. […] The cob [of the military campaign] - grass of 1941. The duration of the operation is five months. It would be better to betray this fate, but do not approach it, because the operation must be completed with one blow. Meta – depletion of vital force in Russia.

The operation is divided into:

1st hit: Kiev, exit to the Dnieper; Aviation is in transit. Odessa.

2nd hit: Through the Baltic powers to Moscow; a double-sided strike was launched - from day to day; Later - a private operation with the Volodin region of Baku.

The Axis is informed about Barbarossa's plan.

Side plans

Nіmechchina

More strategic than the plan "Barbarossa" - end the defeat of Radyansky Russia in the Swedish campaign even before the war against England is over" The idea was based on the idea “ split the front of the main forces of the Russian army, concentrated in the western part of the country, with swift and deep blows of heavy-handed forces, grouping them day and night in the face of sore throats and vikorysts. break through, stop the disengagement of the grouping of the warlords" The plan was to reduce the bulk of the Radian army to the entry of the Dnieper and Zakhidna Dvina rivers, preventing them from going deeper into the region.

At the development of the “Barbarossa” plan, the commander-in-chief of the ground forces signed a directive on the ground forces on September 31, 1941.

On the eighth day, the German troops are about to enter the cordon of Kaunas, Baranovichi, Lviv, Mogiliv-Podilsky. On the twentieth day of the war, they wanted to cover the territory and reach the cordon: Dnieper (to the area in the afternoon near Kiev), Mozir, Rogachov, Orsha, Vitebsk, Velikiy Luki, in the afternoon near Pskov, in the afternoon near Pärnu. After which there was a pause of three-twenty days, during which time it was necessary to concentrate and regroup the connections, the date of repairs to the military forces and prepare a new basis for the supply. On the fortieth day of the war, another phase will soon begin. During the course of the war it was planned to attack Moscow, Leningrad and Donbass.

The burial of Moscow was given special significance: “ The burial of this place means both political and economical success, not to mention the fact that the Russians are wasting the most important treasure." The Wehrmacht command wanted to deprive the Army of its remaining forces in order to protect the capital of Chervona, so as to make it possible to defeat them in one operation.

Since the Arkhangelsk-Volga-Astrakhan line was still in place, the German General Staff did not plan the operation that far.

The “Barbarossa” plan laid out the tasks of army groups and armies, the order of interaction between them and with the allied forces, as well as with the UPS and Navy and the forces of the rest. The OKH directive was divided into a low number of documents, a detailed assessment of the Radyansky Armed Forces, a directive containing disinformation, instructions for the preparation of an operation, special notes, etc.

When Hitler signed Directive No. 21, the date of May 15, 1941 was given as the earliest term for the attack on the USSR. Later, through the redeployment of part of the Wehrmacht's forces to the Balkan campaign, the final date of the attack of the USSR was named the 22nd of 1941. The remaining order was given in the amount of 17 rubles.

SRSR

Radyansk intelligence was able to remove information about those that Hitler, having made a decision, was connected with Radyan-German veins, but its exact location became unknown, like the code word “Barbarossa”. And we'll take away the information about the possible beginning of the war in the birch tree in 1941 after leaving from the war of England there was insane misinformation, because in Directive No. 21 the approximate term of completion of military preparations was set - May 15, 1941 and it was said that the USSR might be defeated " more before that when the war against England is over».

For some time, the Radyans’ ceremonialism did not work hard to prepare the defense in case of an attack by Nimechtina. In the operational strategic headquarters game, which was established in the early 1941s, there was no trace of aggression on the side of the German Empire.

The configuration of the military RSChA at the Radian-German cordon was already in progress. Zokrema, senior Chief of the General Staff G.K. Zhukov said: “ In the preceding war, the 3rd, 4th and 10th armies of the Western District were retrenched in the Bialystok ledge, angled at the enemy’s side, and the 10th Army took an unprecedented retrenchment. Such an operational configuration of the army created a threat of deep entrenchment and their withdrawal from the sides of Grodno and Brest with a path to attack the flanks. At this time, the deployment of the military front on the Grodno-Suwałki and Brest fronts was insufficiently deep and tight, so as not to allow a breakthrough and entrenchment of the Bilostok grouping here. This reconciliation of the army, allowed in 1940, was not implemented until the war.»

Tim no less, the Radian ceremonies lived out songs of action, about the senses and methods of which there are discussions. For example, the herb-cob of worms in 1941 resulted in the frequent deployment of troops under the guise of initial collections of reserves, which made it possible to call up over 800 thousand. osіb, vikorystnyh renewing divisions, which have been developed most importantly in the countries; From the middle of the grass from the inner military districts, four armies (16th, 19th, 21st and 22nd) and one rifle corps began to march to the cordon of the Dnieper and Zakhidna Dvina rivers. From the middle of the heartland, a regrouping of the border districts themselves began to be regrouped: in view of the exit to the camp, more than half of the divisions were brought into force in order to create a reserve of these districts. From 14 to 19 pm, the command of the outlying border districts refused orders to bring front-line command and control to field command posts. In the middle of the chervo the entrance to the special warehouse was beveled.

At the same time, the General Staff of the RKK Army categorically accepted the commanders of the outlying border districts to strengthen the defense of the frontier occupation route. As early as the 22nd, the Radyan military districts issued a directive to move to combat readiness, to the rich military headquarters after the attack. Wanting, for other data, orders for the withdrawal of troops from the cordon to the commanders of the western districts were issued from 14 to 18 cherubs.

In addition, most of the territories that were located at the entry cordon were included until the SRSR warehouse was recently leveled. The Radyan army at the cordon has a lot of tight defensive lines. The local population was forced to resist the rule of the Radians, and after the invasion of Germany, many Baltic, Ukrainian and Belarusian nationalists actively assisted the Germans.

Distribution of forces

Nothing and allies

Three army groups were created to attack the USSR.

Army Group "Pivnich" (Field Marshal Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb) was fired up near Western Prussia, on the front from Klaipeda to Goldap. Before it included the 16th Army, the 18th Army and the 4th Tank Group - a total of 29 divisions (including 6 tank and motorized divisions). The offensive was supported by the 1st Invasion Fleet, which consisted of 1,070 combat pilots. The mission of the army group “Pivnich” was to defeat the Radyan army near the Baltic States, conquer Leningrad and ports on the Baltic Sea, capture Tallinn and Kronstadt.

Army Group Center (Field Marshal Feder von Bock) occupied the front from Gołdap to Wlodaw. Before it included the 4th Army, the 9th Army, the 2nd Tank Group and the 3rd Tank Group - a total of 50 divisions (including 15 tank and motorized ones) and 2 brigades. The offensive was supported by the 2nd Invasion Fleet, which had 1,680 combat pilots. Army Group “Center” was tasked with opening up the strategic front of the Radian defense, defending and destroying the Red Army troops in Belarus and developing an offensive on the Moscow direct.

Army Group "Pivden" (Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt) occupied the front from Lublin to the Danube. Before it included the 6th Army, 11th Army, 17th Army, 3rd Romanian Army, 4th Romanian Army, 1st Tank Group and Rukhomiy Ugric Corps - a total of 57 divisions (including 9 tank and motorized) and 13 brigades (including 2 tanks and motorized). The offensive was supported by the 4th Invasion Fleet, which had 800 combat aircraft and the Romanian Airborne Forces less than 500 aircraft. Army Group "Pivden" will quickly defeat the Radian troops in the Right Bank Ukraine, reach the Dnieper and then develop an attack on the descent from the Dnieper.

SRSR

In the USSR, on the basis of the military districts that were located at the western border, based on the decisions of the Politburo on 21 June 1941, 4 fronts were created.

The Southern Front (commander F.I. Kuznetsov) was created near the Baltic States. Previously, it included the 8th Army, the 11th Army and the 27th Army - a total of 34 divisions (including 6 tank and motorized ones). The front was supported by the UPS Pivnichno-Zakhidny front.
The Western Front (commander D. G. Pavlov) was created by Belarus. Previously, it included the 3rd Army, 4th Army, 10th Army and 13th Army - a total of 45 divisions (of which 20 were tank and motorized). The front was supported by the UPS Zahidny Front.
The Western Front (commander M.P. Kirponos) was created in the Western Ukraine. Previously, it included the 5th Army, 6th Army, 12th Army and 26th Army - a total of 45 divisions (of which 18 were tank and motorized). The front was supported by the UPS of the Pivdenno-Zakhidny Front.
The Pivdenny Front (commander I.V. Tyulenev) was created near Moldova and in the Pivdenny Ukraine. Previously, it included the 9th Army and the 18th Army - a total of 26 divisions (including 9 tank and motorized ones). The front was supported by the UPS of the Pivdenny Front.
The Baltic Fleet (commander V.F. Tributs) was deployed near the Baltic Sea. He has in his warehouse 2 battleships, 2 cruisers, 2 destroyer leaders, 19 destroyers, 65 submarine ships, 48 torpedo boats and other ships, 656 airmen.
The Black Sea Fleet (commander F. S. Zhovtnevy) was deployed near the Black Sea. We have in our warehouse 1 battleship, 5 light cruisers, 16 leaders and destroyers, 47 submarines, 2 brigades of torpedo boats, several divisions of minesweepers, patrol and defense boats iv, over 600 letaks.

Development of the Legislative Assembly of the USSR at the time of the signing of the non-aggression pact

At the beginning of the forties, the Radyansky Union, as a result of the industrialization program, was in third place after the United States and Germany in the equal development of an important industry. Also, the development of military technology was significantly oriented towards the beginning of the WWW.

First phase. Invasion. Cordon battles (22 chernyas – 10 linny 1941)

Cob of invasion

Early on the 4th year of June 22, 1941, the invasion of Germany into the USSR began. On the same day, the war of the USSR was voted by Italy (Italian armies started fighting since 20 June 1941) and Rumunia, 23 rubles by Slovakia, and 27 rubles by Ugorshchina. The German invasion caught the Radian army; On the first day, a significant part of the ammunition, ammunition and military equipment was reduced; The Germans were able to secure the outside protection of the wind (about 1,200 soldiers were withdrawn from the army). German aviation launched a series of attacks on military and naval bases: Kronstadt, Libava, Vindava, Sevastopol. On the maritime communications of the Baltic and Black Seas, underwater storms flared up, and mine fences were erected. On land, after strong artillery preparation, the advance units passed the attack, and then the main forces of the Wehrmacht. However, the Radyan command was unable to firmly assess the development of its troops. The head of the Viyskova Rada on the evening of the 22nd Chernya sent directives to the Viyskova Rada of the fronts, which demanded immediately from the wound of the 23rd Chernya on the grouped enemies that had broken through and decisively counterattacked. As a result of the failure of the counterattacks, and so importantly, the position of the Radian troops deteriorated even more. The Finnish troops did not cross the front line, relying on the development of the situation, but giving up the possibility of refueling.

The Radyansk command ordered 25 bomb attacks on Finnish territory. Finland declared war on the USSR and the German and Finnish armies invaded Karelia and the Arctic, strengthening the front line and threatening Leningrad and the Murmansk Salvation. The military actions suddenly switched from positional warfare and flowed into the fighting camp on the Radian-German front. In historiography they can be seen on the margins of the campaign: the Radian-Finnish War (1941-1944) and the Defense of the Polar Region.

Pivnichny direct

At first, not one, but two tank groups fought against the Radyansky Pivnichno-Zakhidny front:

Army Group "Pivnich" operated on the Leningrad direct, and the main striking force of the 4th Tank Group was advancing on Daugavpils.
The 3rd tank group of the Army Group “Center” advanced directly on Vilnyuskoye.

The attempt of the command of the Pivnichno-Zakhidny front to launch a counterattack with the forces of two mechanized corps (up to 1000 tanks) from the place of Raseynyaya ended in complete failure, and on 25 cherubs the decision to withdraw troops to the Zakh cordon was praised One Day.

Already on the 26th day, the German 4th Tank Group forced the Zahidna Dvina near Daugavpils (56th motorized corps of E. von Manstein), 2 linya - at Jakabpils (41st motorized corps of G. Reinhardt). After the motorized corps, infantry divisions emerged. 27 units of the Red Army deprived Liepaja. On the 1st century the German 18th Army occupied Riga and reached the destroyed Estonia.

About an hour later, the 3rd tank group of the Army Group “Center”, having crushed the strongholds of the Radyan army near Alytus, took Vilnius on the 24th, turned back and went to the rear of the Radyansky Western Front.

Central direct

The situation was difficult on the Western Front. On the very first day, the flank armies of the Western Front (the 3rd Army in the Grodno area and the 4th Army in the Brest area) suffered great losses. The counterattacks of the mechanized corps on the Western Front on 23-25 ended in failure. The German 3rd Panzer Group, having crushed the strongholds of the Radyansky troops near Lithuania and developing an offensive on the Vilnius direct, bypassed the 3rd and 10th Army in the evening, and the 2nd Panzer Group, having captured the Brest Fort, broke through it went as far as Baranovichi From today. On the 28th, the Germans took the capital of Belarus and closed the ring of confinement in which the main forces of the Western Front were trapped.

On June 30, 1941, the commander of the Radyansky Western Front, Army General D. G. Pavlov, was relieved of his command; Following the decisions of the military tribunal, other generals and officers at the headquarters of the Western Front were shot. The military front of the Zahidny Front, having received relief from the beginning, Lieutenant General O. I. Yoryomenko (30 rubles), then People's Commissar of Defense Marshal S.K. Timoshenko (recognitions 2 linya, entering the posad 4 linya). In connection with the fact that the main forces of the Western Front were defeated in the Battle of Bilostok-Minsk, 2 lines to the Western Front warehouse were transferred to the military of the Other Strategic echelon.

On the top of the line of the motorized corps, the Wehrmacht reached the border of the Radian defense on the Berezina River and straightened to the line of the Zahidna Dvina and Dnipro rivers, and then reluctantly attacked the military's new Western Front (at the first echelon and 22nd, 20th and 21st Armies). 6 lipnya 1941 r. The Radyansky command launched a direct attack on Lepelsky (div. Lepelsky counterattack). During the tank battle, which flared up 6-9 linya between Orsha and Vitebsk, in which over 1600 tanks took part on the Radyan side, and up to 700 units on the German side, the German troops were defeated in the past Some troops took Vitebsk on the 9th of July. All Radian units moved to the area between Vitebsk and Orsha. The German armies occupied exit positions for an offensive in the area of Polotsk, Vitebsk, on the day before Orsha, as well as on the day before and on the day before Mogilov.

Pivdenny direct

The military operations of the Wehrmacht on the day, where the RSCH was the most tightly grouped, were not so successful. On 23-25, the Black Sea Fleet's aviation bombed the Romanian towns of Sulina and Constanta; On the 26th of November in Constanta, the attack of the Black Sea Fleet ships together with aircraft was ordered. Having stopped the attack of the 1st Tank Group, the command of the Pivdenno-Zakhidny Front launched a counterattack with the forces of six mechanized corps (about 2500 tanks). During the great tank battle in the Dubno-Lutsk-Brody area, the Radyansky troops were unable to defeat the enemy and suffered great losses, the defense forces encouraged the Germans to create a strategic breakthrough and destroy the Lviv grouping (6th and 26th -and the Army) in the strength of the forces. Until the 1st century, the Pivdenno-Zahidny front reached the fortified cordon of Korosten-Novograd-Volinsky-Proskuriv. On the cob of the linden tree, the Germans broke through the right wing of the front near Novograd-Volinsky and buried Berdychiv and Zhitomir, but soon the counterattacks of the Radyansky troops were blocked.

At the end of the Pivdenno-Zakhidny and Pivdenny fronts, 2 lines of German-Romanian armies crossed the Prut and straightened it to Mogilov-Podilsky. Until 10 pm the stinks reached the Dniester.

Bags of border battles

As a result of border battles, the Wehrmacht suffered a heavy defeat to the Red Army.

In the filling bags of the first phase of Operation Barbarossa, on June 3, 1941, the Chief of the German General Staff F. Halder wrote to his employee:

« It can already be said that the defeat of the main forces of the Russian land army in front of the Exit Door and the Dnieper has been ended... It will not be overstated to say that the campaign against Russia was won over the course of 14 days. Of course, it’s not finished yet. There is a great loss of territory and the enemy’s inveterate strongholds, which are victorious in all their abilities, constraining our forces even with the stretch of riches. …If we force the Western Dnieper and the Dnieper, then the language is not so much about the defeat of the enemy’s armored forces, but rather about those in order to take away his industrial areas from the enemy and not allow his opportunity, the victorious and giant world of his industry And inexhaustible human resources, create new ones . strength. The Great War As soon as we move from the phase of defeating the enemy's armored forces to the phase of economically strangling the enemy, the first plan is to again wage further war against England...»

Another phase. The offensive of the German troops along the entire front (10 years ago - mid-1941)

Pivnichny direct

The 2nd Army Group "Pivnich" continued the offensive, and the German 4th Panzer Group advanced near Rezekne, Ostrov, Pskov. 4 Lipnya 41st Motorized Corps occupied Ostrov, 9 Lipnya – Pskov.

On the 10th century, the Pivnich Army Group continued its offensive on Leningrad (4th Tank Group) and Tallinn (18th Army) directly. The German 56th motorized corps was defeated by a counterattack of the Radian 11th Army near Soltsy. In these minds, the German command of the 19th century slowed down the offensive of the 4th Panzer Group by three times until the 18th and 16th armies arrived. Just at the end of the day, the Germans entered the cordon of the Narva River, Luga and Mshaga.

The 7th sickle German troops broke through the defenses of the 8th Army and reached the banks of the Finnish inlet in the Kundi area. The 8th Army appeared divided into two parts: the 11th Rifle Corps went to Narvi, and the 10th Rifle Corps went to Tallinn, and at the same time, with the sailors of the Baltic Fleet, they defended the place until the 28th sickle.

On the 8th sickle, the offensive of the army group "Pivnich" on Leningrad was renewed along the Krasnogvardiyska direction, on the 10th sickle - in the Luga area and on the Novgorod-Chudivsky direct. On the 12th sickle, the Radyan command launched a counterattack near Staraya Russa, and against the 19th sickle, the enemy launched a strike at the front and delivered defeats to the Radyan troops.

On September 19, German troops occupied Novgorod, and on September 20, Chudovo. 23 sickles began the battle for Oranienbaum; The Germans were planning to descend from Koporya (Voronka River).

Attack on Leningrad

To strengthen the army group "Pivnich" it was transferred to the 3rd tank group of G. Hoth (39th and 57th motorized corps) and the 8th air corps of V. von Richthofen.

Finally, the German armies launched a new attack on Leningrad. On the 25th, the 39th motorized corps captured Lyuban, on the 30th, from Viyshov to the Neva and cutting off the supply line, on the 8th, taking Shlisselburg and closing the blockade ring around Leningrad.

However, having decided to carry out Operation Typhoon, A. Hitler ordered the release no later than 15 June 1941 of most of the rokhoms and the 8th Air Corps, who would take part in the remaining offensive on Moscow.

On the 9th spring the great assault on Leningrad began. The Germans did not understand the problem of the destruction of the Radyan army’s operations at the specified term. On June 12, 1941, Hitler ordered the storming of the city. (About further military actions on the Leningrad direct. Siege of Leningrad.)

7 leaf fall, the Germans will continue their attack in the direction of the snow. The cut-off lines are used to supply food to Leningrad through Lake Ladozka. The German armies occupied Tikhvin. There was a threat of an abyss of German troops near the 7th Army, which was defending the lines on the Svir River. After the 11th leaf fall, the 52nd Army launched a counterattack to the fascist troops who settled Mala Vishera. As the fighting flared up, the small group of German troops suffered serious defeats. This army was thrown out of a place beyond the Velikaya Vishera River.

Central direct

On 10-12 June 1941, Army Group Center launched a new attack on Moscow directly. The 2nd tank group crossed the Dnieper on the afternoon of Orsha, and the 3rd tank group led the attack from the side of Vitebsk. On the 16th, the German armies entered Smolensk, where three Radian armies (19th, 20th and 16th) stood in despair. Before the 5th sickle, the battles at the Smolensk “cauldron” ended, the surplus troops of the 16th and 20th armies were transported across the Dnieper; the total wasted 310 thousand. osib.

On the front flank of the Radyansky Western Front, the German armies captured Nevel (16 linya), and for months they fought for Velikiye Luki. Great problems for the enemy also arose on the abandoned flank of the central part of the Radyan-German front: here the Radyansky troops of the 21st Army launched a direct attack on Bobruisk. Undeterred by the fact that the Radian troops did not manage to seize Bobruisk, they stinked up a significant number of divisions of the German 2nd Field Army and a third of the 2nd Panzer Group.

In such a manner, with the security of two great groupings of Radyan troops on the flanks and continuous attacks on the front, the German Army Group “Center” could not renew its attack on Moscow. 30 years ago, the main forces went over to the defensive, which caused the main problems on the flanks. At the end of the 1941 sickle, German troops were able to defeat the Radian army in the Velikiye Luki area and on the 29th sickle, Toropets.

On September 8-12, the 2nd Panzer Group and the 2nd Field Army began to advance directly. As a result of the Radiansky operation, the Central Front was defeated, and Gomel fell on the 19th. The large-scale offensive of the Radian fronts of Zahidny direct (Zakhidny, Reserve and Bryansk), launched on 30 September - 1 Versen, was not successful, the Radyan army recognized important losses and on 10 Versen they went on the defensive. The only success was the release of Yelnya on the 6th spring.

Pivdenny direct

Moldova tried to command the Pivdenny Front against the Rumanian offensive with a counterattack of two mechanized corps (770 tanks) with little success. On the 16th of June, the 4th Romanian army took Chisinau, and on the cob of a sickle pushed the Okrema Primorsky army to Odessa. The defense of Odessa sapped the strength of the Rumanian troops for two and a half months. The Radian army took away their place from the first half of the year.

About an hour later, at the end of the day, the German armies launched an offensive in the Bilotserkovsky direction. 2 sickles struck the 6th and 12th Radian armies from the Dnieper and drove them off to Uman; Polonia had 103 thousand dead. especially, they are offended by the army commanders. Even though the German troops, as a result of the new offensive, broke through to the Dnieper and created a few bridgeheads on the river bank, they were not able to take Kiev on the move.

With this rank, Army Group “Pivden” was unable to independently overcome the challenge set before it by the “Barbarossa” plan. From the ear of the sickle to the ear of the Chervona, the Army launched a series of attacks near Voronezh.

Fight near Kiev

At Hitler’s victorious order, the Pivden flank of Army Group “Center” launched an attack in support of Army Group “Pivden”.

After occupying Gomel, the German 2nd Army of Army Group "Center" advanced to join the 6th Army of Army Group "Pivden"; On the 9th spring, the offending German armies met at Polessia. Until the 13th of April, the front of the Radyansky 5th Army of the Pivdenno-Zakhidny Front and the 21st Army of the Bryansk Front had shown a lot of evil, and the offending armies went to the defensive.

At the same time, the German 2nd Tank Group, having withstood the blow of the Radyansky Bryansk Front near Trubchevsky, entered the operational space. On the 9th, the 3rd Tank Division B. Model broke through on the day and on the 10th, Romney was buried.

About an hour later, the 1st Tank Group launched an attack from the Kremenchutsk bridgehead on the 12th spring. On June 15, the 1st and 2nd tank groups met near Lokhvitsa. At the gigantic Kiev "cauldron" the main forces of the Radyansky Pivdenno-Zadny Front were exhausted; the number of captives became 665 thousand. osib. The administration of the Pivdenno-Zakhidny Front was defeated; front commander Colonel General M.P. Kirponos died.

As a result, the Left Bank of Ukraine fell into the hands of the enemy, the route to Donbas was open, and the Radian troops in Crimea appeared cut off from the main forces. (About further military actions in Donbasskoye directly, the Donbass operation). In the middle of the spring the Germans reached the approaches to Krim.

Crimea is of strategic importance, as one of the routes to the oil-bearing regions of the Caucasus (via the Kerch channel and Taman). In addition, Crimea is important as a base for aviation. With the loss of Crimea, the Radian aviation would have spent the potential of their profits on the oil industry of Romania, and the Germans would have been able to launch strikes on targets in the Caucasus. The Radyansky command understood the importance of the morning patrol and focused on their efforts, having been inspired by the defense of Odessa. Odessa fell on the 16th.

17th week of activities Donbass (falling Taganrog). Kharkiv was buried on the 25th. 2 leaf falls - the Crimea is busy and blocking Sevastopol. 30 leaf fall - the forces of the Pivden army group consolidated on the border of the Mius Front.

Turn towards Moscow

At the end of 1941, the German command was still very optimistic and respectful of what the Barbarossa plan would achieve in the near future. The terms for achieving these goals were defined: Moscow and Leningrad - 25 sickles; cordon of the Volga - an ear of corn; Baku and Batumi - leaf fall.

On the 25th of the Chiefs of Staff of the Skhidny Front, the Wehrmacht reported on Operation Barbarossa within an hour:

Army Group "Pivnich": Operations developed as much as possible in line with plans.
Army Group "Center": Until the beginning of the Battle of Smolensk, operations developed according to plans, then the developments converged.
Army Group "Pivden": Operations in the hour developed more and less transferred.

However, Hitler became more and more ready to launch an attack on Moscow. In front of the headquarters of the Army Group “Pivden”, 4 Serpnya Vin stated: “ From now on, Leningrad may be buried, with the military groups of Goth being victorious. Another day the burying of a similar part of Ukraine is underway... And in the rest of the day there will be an attack from the burying of Moscow».

The next day, F. Halder clarified the Fuhrer's thought with A. Jodl: What are our main goals: do we want to defeat the enemy and are we pursuing the ruler's goals (the plunder of Ukraine and the Caucasus)? Yodel confirms that the Fuhrer respects that offensive goals can be achieved instantly. For meals: Moscow and Ukraine or else Moscow and Ukraine news trail - both Moscow and Ukraine. We must do our part, because otherwise we will not be able to defeat the enemy before autumn.

On September 21, 1941, Hitler saw a new directive that said: “ The most important tasks before the onset of winter are the flooding of Moscow, the flooding of Crimea, the industrial and mining areas of the Donets River, and the blocking of nobles from the supply of Russian oil from the Caucasus. At the end of the day, such tasks include the siege of Leningrad and the reunification with the Finnish troops».

Assessing Hitler's decision

Hitler’s decision to anticipate an offensive attack on Moscow and to turn the 2nd Army and 2nd Tank Group to help the Pivden Army Group evoked mixed opinions among the German command.

The commander of the 3rd Panzer Group, G. Goth, wrote in his memoirs: “ Against the continuation of the attack on Moscow at that hour there was one argument of operational significance. Since in the center of the defeat of the troops that were in Belarus, the enemy was now increasingly unconvinced, then on other fronts the successes were not so great. For example, it was not possible to raise the enemy on the day, which was in progress on the day before Pripyat and on the way to the Dnieper. An attempt to throw the Baltic grouping into the sea was also not a small success. Thus, the offended flanks of the Army Group “Center”, when advancing towards Moscow, were exposed to the danger of facing the blows; on the day, this danger was already showing signs...»

The commander of the German 2nd Panzer Group, G. Guderian, wrote: “ The battles for Kiev, of course, meant a great tactical success. However, information about those whose tactical success is also of great strategic importance is lost under doubt. Now everything depended on the fact that the Germans would be able to achieve the greatest results even before the onset of winter, perhaps leading to a period of autumn roadlessness.».

Just after 30 June, the German armies, having increased their reserves, launched an attack on Moscow. However, after the beginning of the attack, the inveterate support of the Radian troops, the flexible weather minds of the late autumn led to the advance on Moscow and the failure of Operation Barbarossa. (About further combat actions on Moscow straight ahead, the Battle of Moscow)

Operation "Barbarossa" pouches

Kintsev's meta of Operation Barbarossa became unattainable. Despite the hostile successes of the Wehrmacht, the attempt to defeat the USSR in one campaign failed.

The main reasons can be attributed to the gross underestimation of the Red Army. Regardless of the fact that before the war, the number and warehouse of the Radyansky troops was ordered to the German commands to reach the truth, until the great scandals of the Abwehr it was necessary to make an incorrect assessment of the Radyansky armored troops.

Another serious failure occurred in the underestimation of the mobility capabilities of the SRSR. Until the third month of the war, three more than 40 new divisions of the Red Army were formed. In fact, the Radyans' army sent 324 divisions to the front (with the 222 divisions that had already been fired up), so that the German intelligence service had mercy on them. Even during the staff games conducted by the German General Staff, it became clear that preparations were insufficient. The situation was especially important regarding reserves. In fact, the “March” could be carried out with one echelon of troops. Thus, it was established that with the successful development of operations in the theater of military operations, “which expands towards the beginning of the funnel,” German forces “will appear insufficient, since they will not be able to deliver the final defeat to the Russians until line Kiev-Minsk-Chudsko Lake".

About an hour, on the line of the Dnieper-Zakhidna Dvina river, the Wehrmacht was on alert for the Other Strategic echelon of the Radyan troops. Behind him is the Third Strategic Echelon. An important stage in the Barbarossa plan was the Battle of Smolensk, in which the Radian army, regardless of important expenses, refused to push the enemy to the retreat.

In addition, through those groups of armies that launched direct strikes that diverged to Leningrad, Moscow and Kiev, it was forcibly encouraged to encourage mutual relations between them. The German command was able to conduct private operations from behind the flanks of the central grouping. These operations, even if they were successful, resulted in a waste of time and resources of the motorized forces.

Before that, food had already become a priority for targets: Leningrad, Moscow or Rostov-on-Don. Once these goals came together, a crisis of command arose.

Army Group "Pivnich" was unable to conquer Leningrad.

Army Group "Pivden" was unable to carry out a deep entrenchment of its left flank (6.17 A and 1 Tgr.) and to defeat the main army of the enemy on the right bank of Ukraine at the destination of the term and as the legacy of the army P The Evidently Entering and Entering Fronts were able to reach the Dnieper and gain a foothold .

The turn of the main forces of Army Group "Center" from Moscow was called upon before the expiration of an hour and a strategic initiative.

In the fall of 1941, coming out of the crisis, the German command tried to fight in Operation Typhoon (Battle for Moscow).

The 1941 campaign ended with the defeat of German troops on the central part of the Radian-German front near Moscow, near Tikhvin on the southern flank and below