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Rebellious stolittya. People's insurrection in the xvii in Selyansk insurrection in 17 18 centuries

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Chim viklikana taka "rebellious" XVII century?
At the XVII century. vіdbuvaєtsya the formation of krіposnogo right, wiklikaє protest of the peasantry.
Villagers, zmushenі tіkati on the outskirts, popovnuyut a number of the most restless camp - kozatstva.
At the XVII century. bureaucratic apparatus will be able to be made more powerful, as a result of which payments are made.
Parts of the money burn the treasury and also rivet the power to pay tribute.
The main burdens of gravity fall on the shoulders of the population of the mayor, as they turn their protest in riots.

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Midniy riot in Moscow

Why the decree about the introduction of pennies inoculation to the revolt of the Moscow townspeople?
The price of small pennies was adjusted to the price of the average, I wish at that time the value of a coin began with a real wizard in new expensive metal.
Torguvati was sold on a small penny, and the tribute was paid on a low basis.
Minnu coins are easy to break.

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What spіlnogo mіzh Midniy and Salty riots?
Offended to the riot, the bully wiklicans try to get to the skarbnytsi with the help of a row of zbіlshiti.
The insult to the riot was spontaneous.
Insult to the riot, the bully was straightened out against the boyars, who were the rebels in the koristolubstvo.
The insult to the rebellion took the form of robbery, pogroms and incidents.

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Donske kozatstvo

The head rebellious force in Russia in the 17th century. it became a cossack.
Who are the Cossacks? How are you busy and how to live?
Kozak - in Türkic "wilny".
The Cossacks were from the Ordi, and from the Russian lands.
Bіgli іd taxes, dues, for "will".
The place where the Cossacks lived was the wilderness of the steppes on the outskirts of the state, in order to rule out the weak.
Pislya Confuse the cossack zoseredilos on the Don.

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Farming on the Don was harrowed.
Ymovіrno, the Cossack top was afraid, because with the advent of farming, there was no great Cossack spirit.
Why did the Cossacks see it from the dirt?

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The Cossacks were engaged in ribalism, bred horses, vlashtovuyu robbіzhnytsky nabіgi on susіdіv.
Rozbiynitska life of the Cossack, which did not know about the practice, not the fallowness and taxes, was privately and spared to the rizik.
All the food of the Cossack life was watched at the zagalny gathering - the Cossack coli.

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Most of the Cossacks went to raids on Volodinnya Krima and Turechchini, Kalmytsky cabins, and also robbed merchant caravans on the Don and on the Volza.
Tsarsky district, bachachi in kazkas "Porubizhne vіysko", who seized the cordon, paid him a fee with a penny, bread and gunpowder.

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There was no equanimity on the Don: the Cossacks dwelled on the households (servants) and the daughters (people).
Domovitim lay beautiful herds and great herds;
Especially rich housewives bulo on the Lower Don, at that hour, yak on the Upper Don, they passed the golutvenny.

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The Cossack didn’t see the principle “there’s no sign of the Don!”
Why did the uryad of Russia reconcile with the presence on the Don of helpless bilikhs and not get overwhelmed?
To that the order was demanded by the Cossacks for the protection of the cordons.

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In addition, in 1642, the Cossacks, who did not take additional help from Moscow, abandoned Azov, the Turks changed the fortress, turning the Don girly for the Cossacks.
The Cossacks, having lost their way in the Sea of Azov, became part of the grabuvati of merchant caravans on the Volza. They were guarded by both Persian and Russian merchants.
To what could the tse bring?

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Pokhid Vasyl Usa

The Cossacks of Vasyl Usa plundered and fired noble estates. Going to the Don, Vasil Us has grown from himself a few honeycombs and settled down to the Cossacks of the villagers.
In 1666, Otaman Vasil Us first raised the Cossacks at Nabig Nem in the Crimean or Kalmyk Volodinnya, and on the occasion of Russia.
Who has the meaning of Vasil Us's campaign?
Cossacks learned the power of acting against Russia.

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Insurrection of Stepan Razin

In 1667, the ugly village of Zimoveyskaya Stepan Timofiyovich Razin formulated his cossack band and went to go for the "siryak", tobto for zdobichchyu. ...
Otaman Razin is a powerhouse, owner and merciless.

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During the summer of 1667, Razin's Cossacks robbed Russian and Persian merchant caravans on the Lower Volza.
After the stench we entered the Caspian, we went along the river. They spent the winter to the Yaytskiy locality, and the canopies of 1668 destroyed the backward Uzbek coast of the Caspian Sea.
Thousands of zagin Razin rograbuv in the place: Tarki, Derbent, Baku, Rasht, Ferahabad.
Having wintered on the Pig Island, Razin in the crescent in 1669 turned to Astrakhan.

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In Astrakhan, the Cossacks of Razin "walked", generously distributing the loot of money to the hostile inhabitants.
From Astrakhan, Razin turned to the Don, having overwintered in the Kagalnitsky place, and in 1670, he was sent to the Volga.
Now, he was fighting against the Volza - against the Moscow boyars - "zradnikiv".

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Razin took the Tsaritsin without a fight: the inhabitants themselves opened the gates to him.
The messengers against Razin, the astrakhan shooters, went over to the th side.
22 worms 1670 rub Razin opanuvav Astrakhannya. Opіr yom were given away from innumerable noblemen and shooter heads, and more shooters overwhelmed the thugs.
Take Astrakhan Razin.
All the participants rely on the chol with the commander S. Prozorovsky, the bully was killed.

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Ovolodіvshi Astrakhannyu, Razіn tearing up the mountain along the Volza.
Saratov and Samara voluntarily went to Yomu.
In flooded places, Razin introduced management like a goat stake.

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Razin rozsilav on navkolishnyh places "charming leaves", calling to drive in boyars, nobles, ordering people.
“Write to you Stepan Timofiyovich all black. Whatever God wants to serve the sovereign, that great Vijsk, that Stepan Timofiyovych, and I am Vislav Kozak, and at the same time you will be able to change and vivad the worldly citizens of Ukraine. І my Cossacks as a promo [promissed] to become lagodites and you beat them up in the conscience of enslavement and apalnia left the regiment to my Cossacks. "
Before Razin, there were peasants, servants, and townspeople.

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The people's court. Hood. B. Shcherbakov
Describe those that appear in the picture

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The insurrection of Razin was no stranger to imposture: one of the comrades-in-arms of Razin depicted patriarch Nikon, and the one was Tsarevich Oleksiy Oleksiyovych, which is like the "evil boyars".
If the tsarevich sits on the throne, they revolted the difference, everything will be "will."
Ships of Razin on the Volga. Engraving from the book "Three Highways" by Yana Streis, an eyewitness of Razin's rebellion.
At the "charming sheets" Razin stverdzhuvav, why go not against the king, but against the boyars.

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In 1670, Nikon was known to be in a link, and that may be bulo stverdzhuvati, so the "evil boyars" made the tsar with the patriarch.
Oskilki Razin stverdzhuvav, which Nikon receives, it is possible to create new pictures, but the idea of fighting for the "old vira" didn’t come to mind.
About what to talk about victorian rebel names of Nikon?

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The riot has grown. The peasants rose up under Tambov, Penza and Saransk passed into the hands of the bearers. The peoples of the Volga region revolted: Mariytsi, Mordovians, Chuvashs.
Having laid siege to Simbersk, without taking a zoom, they can take a fortune with a strong garnizon under the authority of I.M. Miloslavsky.

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On the virus of Simbirsk, the soldiers of the military commander Y. Baryatinsky with the soldiers and soldiers' regiments.
At the battle against Baryatinsky, Razin will be defeated and vtik with the approaching Cossacks.
Vіysko Razіna rozbіglosya, ponad 600 people, taken in full, shocked by Baryatinsky.
Inhabitants of navkolishnyh forces were guilty.

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The Gentlemen Cossacks on the chol with the Otaman Kornila Yakovlev rocked the Kagalnitsky Mistechko, grabbed Razin and saw him in Moscow.
6 chervnya 1670 roku pislya cake Stepan Razin buv quartered on Bolotniy square in Moscow.

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Why rozbyynik Stenka Razin becoming a favorite of the hero of Russian folklore?
That is why the villagers and the townspeople, the life of which they were very important, hated the boyars, nobles, orders, rich merchants, they were happy to go out with them and grab them.
At Razin's stench, they smelled his own owner, a messenger for his countrymen.

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Why did Razin's insurrection know about the blows?
The insurrection was spontaneous and unorganized, the plan for the insurrection was not mali.
Yogo participants bully ozbroєni, ale nasty navcheni і could not stand up to the army, hearing orders.
The Cossacks, the main force of the insurrection, pushed to the point of plundering, and when they were locked up with a strong army, they fought alongside.
The villagers, who took the fate of the insurgent, were governed by their own supporters, but did not want to go on a long journey.

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"God forbid Bachiti Russian revolt, bereft and merciless." A.S. Pushkin
Why is the justice of the insurrection S. Razin bulo bezgluzdim?
Quite, that went out, as the revolts rang out, the bullets were unreal: the state could not live without tributes, the army and the food camp, managing the image and the similarity of the goat stake was uncomfortable on the scale of the whole land.
Alesen's insurrection, though the insurgents themselves and did not understand, was in the least: the threat of a new stabbing, similar to Razin's, for an hour overshadowed the growing peasant duties, helped the commanders and commanders.

Marvel at all slides

Insurrection by wire by Ivan Bolotnikov (1606-1607 pp.).

Serfdom has become a heterogeneous social sphere. Tops of lackeys, close to their masters, took to finish the temple camp. Not vipadkovo richly provincial nobles willingly changed their status to lackeys. І. Bolotnikov, mabut, lying down until the eighth day. Vіn buv vіyskovym slave A. Telyatevsky i, shvidshe for all the nobleman for his campaigns. However, it is not a matter of pushing on to another of great significance: the social straightening of the eyes of people began not only to those who were walking. Bolotnikov's "nobility" can be used to explain the thunderbolt of the great war.

Є Vidomosti about Bolotnikov's transfer to the Crimean and Turkish polony, a rower in the galley, flooded with "nimtsy". Isnu pisushennya, scho, turning from full through Italy, Nimechchina, Rich Pospolita, Bolotnikov stood up to fight on the side of the Austrian emperor with a team of hired Cossack corral against the Turks. In this vipadku, it is important to clarify why it is that he himself has recognized the increased importance of the "great leader" from the people, having seen himself for Tsar Dmitri.

The insurgents, who were chosen as the ensign of "Tsar Dmitry Ivanovich", were a folding conglomerate of forces. Here the bully is not only the wicked from the bottom, but the people who serve it according to the attachment and vitality. Odin stench bully in his own rejection of the newly-formed tsar, development in his social relations. After a successful battle, the Kroms in the serpents of 1606 rebelled in Alets, Tula, Kaluga, Kashira, and before the end of the battle they advanced to Moscow. Forces for a new blockade of the capital did not begin, but at the same time the ability of Shuysky to mobilize all its resources gave it. Until an hour in the camp of the rebels, there was a rozkol and the corral of Lyapunov (leaf fall) and Pashkov (the ear of the breast) switched to Shuisky's bik.

The Battle of Moscow on 2 Breasts 1606 ended with the defeat of Bolotnikov. After a series of battles, having advanced to Tula, the city went to the walls of the city. V. Shuisky himself made a stand against the rebel and in the worms of 1607r. pidіyshov to Tulі. A few of the tsar's mischief-makers unsuccessfully fumbled to take the place, as long as they did not block the UPU river and flooded the fort. Shuisky's opponents, having bowed to his merciful word, brought the gates. However, the tsar did not miss the opportunity to go to the ruku leaders.

To give a smooth assessment of the character of Bolotnikov's insurrection. Obviously, one-sided glance at the ruh viklyuchno yak at the vishy stage of the village viynyi. At the same time, I look at it, and my lovers give such assessments of the first Selyanskoy vіyny.

Salt riot.

In 1648, the people's insurrection was revived in Moscow, and I will call it " Salt Riot». salt riot in Moscow, becoming a reactionary people to the internal politics of the order of the boyar Boris Morozov. Under Boris Morozov, corruption grew in Russia, arbitrariness was reduced, and taxes grew significantly. Growing up dissatisfaction in the spheres of the Russian suspension. Boris Morozov, bazhayuchi I want to change the situation, I’m inclined to change the deeds of direct payments to indirect ones. In 1645 rotsi, comrade, scho mali has the greatest value in the pobut, the boules were lined with a mite. The list of goods, which are now equipped with a mite, bullet and sil. A pood of salt has risen in price from five kopecks to a pood, and it will quickly grow quickly. Sіl immediately changed from the product of the first need into a product "not for everyone". Bagato, unimpressed on demand in salt, simply could not afford to buy it. Sil at that hour was a preservative. The speedy implantation of salt, called for the speedy term of the availability of bagatokh products. During the period of the salt mite, merchants and peasants suffered in the first place. In 1647, the mito was chased off, in conjunction with the growing discontent of the population. At the sound of the salty tribute to the salty tribute, in the execution "dirks" were adopted, as they shielded the toll of the tied straight tolls with a noble.

1 worm 1648 Oleksiy Mikhailovich Romanov turned around for goodbye from Troitsko - Sergiyev Monastery. The great NATO zupinila the carriages, and began to feed the tsar choobitna on Boris Morozov and those other officials in the water, about which there was a bit of filth. Oleksiy Mikhailovich Visluhav the People and Poykhav Dal. Natov didn’t know the king’s mind, having tried to turn to the queen, the king’s guard drove out the tsarits. At the royal honor, stones flew from NATO, 16 of them were fixed.

2 chervnya 1648 fate Oleksiy Mikhailovich took the fate of the khresniy go. Unimportant to the celebration, a group of active people kicked the tsar away and asked for his comrades. Oleksiy Mikhailovich clutched at the sight of Boris Morozov rose 'clear. Having hung up, the tsar asked the people to rozibrat, ale by sending a prayer.

Oleksiy Mikhaylovich, having guided the delegation of some officials to the conversation, some of them were led unanimously by the way they were brought to the people, for what they knew. The participants in the salt revolt fired bile misto, China - smashed the courtyards of the most hated boyars. Buv killed the initiator of the salt tribute Nazariy Chistoya. Petra Trakhaniotova, brother-in-law of Morozov, also had a share. Boyarin Boris Morozov buv from the side of the authority and direction to the dispatch. Narodnі hvilyuvannya trivialized until the fierce 1649 rock in Kozlov, Kursk, Soli Vichegodskaya, and other Russian towns.

The clamor of the Zemsky Sobor became the source of the revolt, the shrinking of the sagging shortfalls. The people are home to their own.

Midniy revolt.

The Midniy revolt was staged in Moscow on 25 April 1662. The reason for the revolt was the onset of the situation. Russia led a protracted war from Rich Pospolita for the admission of Ukraine. Be-yaka vіyna vimagа majestic values for the utmost army. A penny from the state catastrophically did not start. Todi bulo virіsheno enter into obіg midnі pennies. Became tse in 1655 rotsі. 3 pounds midi, 12 kopecks, minted coins for 10 rubles. A lot of small pennies were immediately thrown into the household, which caused a lack of confidence in the population before them, inflation. Varto means that the tributes to the state treasury were collected in small pennies, and the money was paid off. So the very middle pennies were easy to crush. Until 1662, the price of small pennies has dropped by 15 times, the number of goods has grown a lot. The camp pogirshuvalos on a skin day. The villagers did not take their products to the place, because they didn’t want to cut off anything for them. The townships began to flourish and hunger.

The mid-day revolt has been going on for a long time, throughout Moscow there have been proclamations, in some of the rich boyars and merchants who have been invoked in the army of the Rich Pospolita, the ruin of the land and health. So, in the proclamation of the bully, you can reduce the tribute for the power, skasuvati mendnі pennies. It is demonstrative that people who are dissatisfied with the people woke up to the same people who were in the case of the salt riot.

Natov was distributed in two parts. One, in the size of 5 thousand people, demolished the Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich in Kolomenska, a friend smashed the courtyard of the hated nobles. The rebels caught Oleksiya Mikhailovich at a prayer service. Boyars went to talk to the people, but the stench could not be quietly nourished. It was brought to it by Oleksiy Mikhailovich himself. People beat the chol in front of the king, vimagali the situation, scho bowed down. Reasonably, NATO cannot be done on the quiet, Oleksiy Mikhailovich saying “quiet sings”, encouraging the rioters to be patient. People grabbed the tsar for paying, and said, "What kind of viriti?" The Tsar had a chance to give a hand to the Tsar with one of the rebels. As soon as the people were sent, they began to spread. The people from Kolomenskoye, albeit along the way, went to another part of the NATO, yak ysla thudi, zvidki yshl persha. Ob'єdnana, not satisfied, 10 thousand people turned back to the people in Kolomenska. They began to behave more and more and more loudly, I am trying to kill the boyars. Tim an hour, until Kolomenskoy was sent to the war, to Oleksiy Mikhailovich, the soldiers' regiments and sent out NATO. Repressions were given close to 7 thousand individuals. Someone was beaten, someone was sent to the wrong side, and someone was branded with the letter "B" - a rebel.

V mіdnomu revolt took their fate only people from the lower spheres of the suspension - butchers, craftsmen, villagers. The act of taking the coin of the coin became the reason for the revolt. In 1663, the middle yard in Novgorod and Pskov boules were closed, the seal of average pennies was renewed. A few pennies will increase the amount of money and remelted in some of the necessary items from the medium.

Insurrection by the wire of Stepan Razin.

The culmination of social events in the 17th century was the insurrection of the Cossacks and the villagers along the line of S. T. Razin. Rukh tse originated in the villages of the Don Cossack. Donska freemen was the head of the Russian state. Here the stench of bully is stolen by the unwritten law "from the Don vidachi is not." The order, demanding the services of the Cossacks for the defense of the ancient cordons, paid them a fee and made peace with the self-ruminants there.

Stepan Timofiyovich Razin, an ugly citizen of the village of Zimoveyskaya, lying down to the homely Kozatstvu - replying with great authority. At 1667. he got rid of a thousand people, like a virus when he went “for the siryak” (to the Volga, and then to the Yaik river, deafly to take the Yaitske mistechko).

Влітку 1668. Already 20 thousandth Razin Vіysko successfully worked in the Volodinnyi Persia (Іranu) on the Caspian Uzbek. The accumulated values of the differences were exchanged on the Russian noodles, which were populated in their rows. On the offensive of 1669, the Cossacks defeated the fleet near the Pig Island (pivdennishe Baku), the rallying against them by the Persian Shah. The price has greatly accelerated the Russian-Iranian appearance and made the position of the order to the Cossacks sharpened.

At the zhovtni 1669r. Razin through Astrakhan, turning to the Don, de busting with triumph. Ogriennaya success, vіn busy with preparing a new campaign, for the whole time "for the good tsar" against "zradnikіv boyars". The Chergovy trip of the Cossacks along the Volza for pivnich was transformed into the peasant troubles. The Cossacks became the core of the Vіyskovy core, and with the flood to the warehouse, the corral of the majestic number of shvid peasants, the peoples of the Volga region - the Mordovians, Tatars, Chuvashs - the social straightening of the rue rapidly changed.

In 1670, S.T.Razin's 7-thousandth zagin was opened by the place of Tsaritsin, and at the same hour the messengers from Moscow and Astrakhan were destroyed. Having consolidated the management in Astrakhan, Razin ruined on pivnich - Saratov and Samara voluntarily went over to this side. S. Razin turned up to the population of the Volga region with "charming" (in the words: spokushati, zaklikati) sheets in yak, calling to come before the rebellion and translate zradnikov, tobto. E. Boyar, nobles, voєvod, commanding people. The insurrection was amazed by the majestic territory, for the duration of the day of the number of otamans M. Osipov, M. Kharitonov, V. Fedorov, the deer and deer and in.

At Veresnі Vіysko Razіna came to Simbirsk, and Misyats obsessed yogi. Nalyakany uryad bared the mobilization - in the crescent 1679 60 thousandth virus was violated in the Middle Volga region. On the cob, the uryadovy zagin under the authority of Y. Baryatinsky, having started the defeat of the main forces of Razin, and having come to the Simbirsky garnizon, under the authority of the leader I. Miloslavsky. Razin with a small corral of pishov on the Don, deduced to recruit a new one, a little more visions of the top cossack and I saw a row. 4 worms 1671 will be delivered to Moscow in two days on the Chervoniy area. At the fall of 1671. Astrakhan fell - the last stronghold of the rebels. The participants in the rebellion succumbed to harsh repressions.

Selyanska vіyna pіd by Pugachov's wire.

To the other half of the XVIII century. the development of social activity of the labor population: Vlasnytsky, monastic and attributed peasants, robotic manufactories, peoples of the Volga region, Bashkiria, Yaitsky Cossacks. It reached its climax in the village of vіynі by wire O. I. Pugachova.

On Yaiku, de at Veresna in 1773. The impostor who appeared, who had seen himself for Peter III, wandered with a friendly mind, what his cries were known from the Cossacks, and also from the villagers, robots, Bashkirs and the people of the Volga region.

Tsarsky district on Yaiku, like everywhere, de vono ceased to be in demand for the services of the cossack for the defense of the near-Cordon territory, having started to carry out a policy of intercourse of those privileges: still in the 40s. The vibrancy of the great otamans was shaken off, the Cossacks began to take up the service far from the ancient world. Restrained and state interests of the Kozaks - in the girli r. The uryad was built by the uchugi (zagorodzhennya), so they moved the ribs from the Caspian Sea to the top of the river.

The exchange of privileges was divided into two tabori. This is how the "rumored" party is called. The main mass became the "unheard side", steadily made the walkers up to the Empress with scargs on the snails of the "earliest" Cossacks, in whose hands they passed all the command seats.

In 1772, the "inaudible" Cossacks violated the banners and ikons until they arrived in Yaytske to the tsar's general with the wickedness of the vicious otaman and foremen. The general ordered to fire on a peaceful course. The Cossacks led the insurgents, sending a corps to suppress them to strangle them.

Pislya podiy 13 Today, the Cossack twist has been hardened and the office of the Cossacks, managed by the Cossacks, was ruled by the commandant, and ordered to the Orenburz governor. Pugachov has shown up for an hour.

Nichto of those who are in front of the impostors are not like the leader who is capable of leading the masses of the degraded. The success of Pugachov, besides, was pleasantly friendly to the situation and those people, who turned up for help to renew their trampled rights: they did not hear about Yaika because of the recent rebellion and coming in; Volodya Cossacks represented the most organized part of the Russian population.

Having become, through the power of the state, a reward for the reward for the introduction of additional taxes on the power. 1 worm 1648 roku Oleksiy Mikhailovich turned to the Moscow Kremlin. The Muscovites were rewarded with a tax on the head of the Zemsky Order, LS Pleshcheev. Under the onslaught of the townspeople, the tsar would give up: “having seen his head” (having seen NATO) not only Pleshcheev, but the head of Pushkarskiy I am instructed. Pisle of the whole insurrection, they slept in some of the most important places: near Tomsk, Ustyuz Velikiy, Ultsi, Kursk, Kozlov. Having come to grips with the unstable situation, the nobility vimagal with the tsar in the order of the laws and the court system, to prepare a new conciliar arrangement.

middle riot

The reason was the fact that the coins became karbuvati not from the middle, but from the middle. Tse in his cherga bulo viclicano with the executions. The number of new Bula coins is 12-15 times less than the old people, and the merchants were introduced from the list. At Lipna 1662 rock NATO rebels rushed to the imperial palace in the village of Kolomenskoye. The king will be tempted to enter into a conversation with them and try to reverse the old order. Satisfied, the people entered, but on the road, the new NATO was set up, and the move was made. During that hour, Oleksiy Mikhailovich took a chance, and the indiscriminate people would have changed. Above the participants, there was a horror of disputes: the priest was hanged, someone was cut a hand, a leg was cut, someone was mova. They were sent to the order and beaten with a batog. In spite of the middle pennies, all the boules were hunted down.

Insurrection of Stepan Razin

Most popular capital; insurrection of the Kozaks and the villagers. The cathedral arrangement of 1649 led to the fact that a lot of people were settled on the outskirts of the land, the first for everything on the Don. The insurrection was caused by the evil іsnuvannya, as there were the Cossacks and the villagers. In the bag in 1666 rotsi 700 Don Cossacks under the management of Vasil Us were rushed to Moscow to take them to the tsar’s service. As a result, a peaceful retreat was resurrected by the insurgent, to which the villagers came. The rebels went back to the Don without a bargain, they came to the corrals, like a keruvav otaman Stepan Razin. First step They call it "a campaign for the siryak", tse buv go "for zdobichchyu". Blocked the head of the trade and robbed the court; povstali seized the Yaitskiy Mystechko, zdobuli over the Persian fleet. Razin vlіtku 1669 rock Turning to the Don and settling in vіyski in the Kagalnitskiy locality, where they began to tighten up the ice and bіdni. Seeing the good news, Razin pishov to Moscow, bazhayuchi kill all the nobility. pochisya another stage vistupu Razina. Zagin took Tsaritsin and Astrakhan; Bulo formed a series of choli with Vasil Usom and Fyodor Sheludyak. The population of Bagatyokh povolzky towns passed to the bik rebel: Samari, Penzi, Saratov and іnshikh; kozhen z є nalishuvavshis cossack. There are already 200,000 people near the pen. During the hour, an expedition against Razin was organized (by Y. Baryatinsky). Bagati Cossacks, fighting for themselves, saw the Otaman. Stepan Buv is quartered, ale rebellion is trivial. lecher in leaf fall 1671 rock, Through the rik, the royal vіyska povnіstu suppressed the vistup. The whole bulo was driven in and rolled up to 100,000 rebels; the country did not know such rules.

The name of the insurrection	salt riot	middle riot	Insurrection from the capital of Stepan Razin
if			1667-1671
de	Moscow	Moscow, Pidmoskov'ya - Kolomna	Don and Volga region
Participants	City dwellers, priїzhd people	Posad people, shooters, soldiers, reitaries	Cossacks, villagers-vіkachі
Reasons and purposes	1.Increased tax oppression 2.Introduction of mitigation to force 3.Discontent with the possession 4.Requirements for new laws	1.Big tribute 2.Copper pennies 3.Bribery	1. Non-payment of paid Cossacks 2. Stricter tax law 3. Increased tax oppression
pidbags	1.Punishment of the boyars 2.Cancellation of "bilikh slobod" 3.Infinite rozshuk of shvidkikh villagers 1649 r	Pinned carbuvannya of middle pennies	1. Defeat. 2. Strengthening of the law

Visnovok: 17th century "Rebel" through a great number of people's insurrection, vicliks to the strength of the people's oppression, the residual zakrypachennya of the villagers in 1649 r

12.Prіchіni defeat the people of the insurrection:

- Nonprofessionalism, insurrection was smothered by the professional army

The visibility of a clear plan, not a clear plan.

Struggle for the power of the middle of the revolts, zrada (vidachi leaders).

Vera in the "good" king

Kinets robots -

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Power development factories
Factor of development I pour into it I pour in on the Russian state 1.Klimate Growth with / g Poovilne time

ancient words
1.Indo-European group Slov'yanskaya group mov Western European group Slov'yansk group

social media
Food for the family family community Susid community 1

Ancient Rus. Terminology
1. Venedi, the early Slavs - the distant ancestors of the Slova. 2. Scythians - kocha tribes, susidi of the words in pivdni in 8-6 centuries BC. 3.

Management system of Old Russia
Signs of the state Functions Posadi Management system Zovnishnya politics, viyni, government

Strife in Russia
1. Reasons for strife: - the presence of an orderly succession to the throne;

Chrestoviy pohid at the step
1.Koli: 1111 2.Participants: Russian princes against Dniprovsky (Khan Bonyak) and Don (Khan Sharukan) Polovtsi 3.Privacy: - the seizure of the ancient Russian lands from the Polovtsi

Feudalism. the words
1. Boyars - in the 9-17th capitals of the country of feudal lords, the land of the tribal nobility. 2. Feudal lords - Landlords of the era of feudalism. 3.

Centers of feudal fragmentation
Pitannya Novgorodska land Galicia-Volinske principality Volodymyr-Suzdal principality 1.

Mongolian tactics
The tactics of "vipalenoy land" - The conquest of the territory was growing again, the population was vindicated. There is no interruption in the siege of the city with a stretch of

Causes of the overthrow and defeat of the Mongols
Causes of the Mongols 'overtaking Causes of the Mongols' defeat 1. The huge power of the Mongols 2. The large population 3. The strong central

Kulikovska battle
If the 8th spring is 1380g De: on the Kulikovo field - the mezhirichs of the Volga, Don, Nepryadvi. participants: Mongolian

Change your mind about the problems of coverage of the RCH
Change the Mind Problems 1. The management system is a compliant system, set up by the Mongols, as vicorists become Russians. Strengthening the role of princes. pad

Zbirannya Russian lands
Methods of collecting Yak land attached 1. Viyskove attached 1. Novgorod - 1478 r Tver - 1485 r

The creation of a new image of Russia
Significance 1.Dinastic schlyub with the Sofia Paleologue-niece of the Vizantyyskiy Emperor. 1. Continuity of the power of the pro

Part of the RCH. the words
1.Ivan III - the creator of the RCH (1462-1505), the zbiich of the Rus lands. 2.Vasiliy II the Dark (1425-1453) - Moscow prince, feudal warrior 3.Sophia Paleolog - squad of Ivan III, tribes

oprichnina
1. Coli: 1564-1572 2. Meta: - evil opir of boyars - empower the king's power (autocracy) - liquidate udilny princes (New

The name of the politician Ivan the Terrible
Policy at Entry: Livonska vіyna. 1.Koli: 1558-1583 2.Participants: Russia and Livoniya, from 1563 Dania Shvetsiya, Poland 3.

Politics at Skhodі
Meta: Expanded territory Zmist: Power Rik Value 1.Ka

Ivana IV board bags
Zmist Positive Negative Calling Policy 1.Politics at Entry: Livonska Viyna (1558-1583)

Non-Russian people in the warehouse of Russia in the 16th century
1. Characteristics of the people. People Living Territory Busy Kareli Pivnichno-Zakhid Ri

Culture of the XVI century
1. Features 1. Completed formulation of the RCH 2. Strengthening links with Europe 3. Formation of a single Russian nationality 4. Multi-national to

Ivan IV. Terminology
1.Elected Rada - Rada under the Tsar, the best friends of Ivan IV, who carried out reforms in the middle of the 16th century. 2. Tsar - the head of the state in the middle of the 16th century (the first king in 1547 - Ivan IV). 3.

The main podії of Trouble
Rocky Main Subjects Result 1598-1605 Boris Godunov's Rule Nevdachi at the internal policy

people's militia
Pitannya Perche militia Friend militia 1.When 2.De formulated

Russia on the cob 17th century
The inheritance of the Troubles The head of the decision 1. The new dynasty. 1.Implementation of autocracy

Political device and control system in the 17th century
a). Form of government - monarchy: Tsar (Head of state) Boyarska Duma (Doradch organ under the Tsar: boyars, dumnі d'yakov, okolnichie)

The process of zakrypachennya villagers in Russia
Рік Document Зміст document Significance Code of Laws of Ivan the Third Obmezhennya ne

The name of Russian politics in the 17th century
a). Tasks of Russia: 1. Entering the international isolation 2. Strengthening cordons 3. Returning to the third territories b). zmist:

Rule of Oleksiya Mikhailovich (1645-1676)
Directly Applied Dyalnosti 1. Compilation of the Single Russian laws 1. Comprehensive arrangement 1649 r - Closing the p

Culture XVII
Features: - Holy character - Expanded knowledge - Expanding from Europe - Approaching Russian and European cultures - Expanding

Russia in the 17th century. date
1.1598-1605 - rule of Boris Godunov 2.1603 - rebellion of the Bavovnia 3.1605-1606 r. - rule of False Dmitry Pershogo 4.1606-1607 - rebellion I. Bolotnikova 5

Russia in the 17th century. name
Politicians: Boris Godunov-1598-1605 Viborny tsar, forerunner of the Godunov dynasty. False Dmitry I -1605-1606 Tsar, impostor, who saw himself for Tsarevich Dmitry

Russia on the frontiers of the capital XVII-XVIII
- weakening of the international authority, international isolation - economically rendered russia from Europe - the fall of the large army, the threat of losing independence in viv

Reform of the sovereign government of Peter I
1. Necessity of reforms: - ineffectiveness of collective governing bodies - more sophisticated management in the minds of autocracy - centralization of power in me

Reform of Peter I and their meaning
Reform Zmist Result

Assessment of Petrovsky re-making
Period of History Zmist Doradianskogo Westerners: V. Tatishchev, M. Lomo-Nis, S. Solovyov Reform

Petro Perviy.Terminology
1.Franz Lefort, Oleksandr Menshikov, Shafirov, P. Tolstoy - "little birds of Petrov's nest", associates of Peter I. 2. "Great Embassy" - in 1697, Peter I went beyond the cordon. 3.Reduti

Russian-Turkish viyna
Koli: 1768-1774 Participants: Russia and Turechchina Tsily Russia: a visit to the Black Sea, the new land. Mainly fight

enlightenment absolutism
The main ideas of Kateryna Druha Result 1.Interesting the people, alleviating social tensions. 2.The aspiration to “zag”

Reform Katerini Drugo
Rik reform Zmist reform Result 1775 Provincial reform 1.

The crisis of social and economic development in Russia in the 18th century
Signs to the capitalism of Feudal remnants 1. The growth of commodity-pennies, the ruin of natural domination. 2.Increased quantity

The rule of Pavel Pershoi
A). Internal policy. Meta Zmist Result 1. Strengthening the rule of the king. 1.Vosst

Culture of the XVIII century
1. Features 1. European culture (+ і -) 2. Serves the needs of reforms 3. Idea of Russian statehood 4. Restricted extension of cult

Suspilno-political thought of Russia 18th century
Author Tvir Osnovna dumka 1. Pososhkov "A book about bad times and wealth" Shvalennya reforms Pe

architecture
a. Features: 1.European style 2.Budivism of St. Petersburg 3.Secular character (civilian buddies) 4.Baroque, classicism

painting
a. Features: 1.Portrait painting 2.Inner light of the people is the main meta. Author Tvir

The era of palace coups (1725-1726). Terminology
1. The era of palace coups - the period of the Russian history from 1725 to 1762 rik, for which the change of power is characteristic as a result of palace coups based on the guards. 2.Capitale cross

Stolittya, name
Gromadsky, Political Activities 1. Lefort 2. M. Golovin 3. A. Menshikov 4.

"Salt Riot"

The 17th century in the Russian history knows the reputation of a "rebel". In the first place, there was some Troubles, the middle of it was marked by the insurrections of the city, the last third - by the insurrections of Stepan Razin.

The main reasons for such a small earlier in Russia in the scope of social conflicts were the development of the fortune, the strengthening of state taxes and duties.

In 1646 r bulo introduced mito for power, meaning increased the price. Tim by the hour, sil in the 17th century. Bula was one of the most important products - the head preservative, which allowed to consume meat and riba. Likewise, the price of the products increased. The sales have fallen, the goods have not been bought and the goods have become psuvatisya. Tse wicked dissatisfaction, both happy and traders. The growth of sovereign incomes appeared less than the ochikuvanny one, as the smuggling of the trade with illu developed. Already in naprikіntsі 1647 rock "salty" tribute buvs of chanting. Pragnuchi compensate vtrati, the order of uryazav pay we will serve people "according to the adjunct", so that the shooters and harmashes. In the cottage, dissatisfaction prodovzhuvalo zrostati.

1 worm in 1648 to the fate of Moscow in the name of the "salt" revolt. Natov zupinila the carriage, turning for the forgiveness of the king and coveted the head of the Zemsky order Leontiy Pleshcheev. The servants of Pleshcheev tried to signal the presence of those present, but they didn’t provoke even more anger. 2 worms in Moscow, the pogroms of the boyars' sadibs appeared. Buv killed Dyak Nazariy Chistoya, as Muscovites respected the natkhnennik salt tribute. The insurgents craved for the right of the Tsar's closest associate - boyar Morozov, who actually took the command of the sovereign apparatus, and the head of Pushkarsky was ordered by boyar Trakhaniotov. They did not lose strength for the suppression of the insurrection, in which order the townspeople took the fate of serving "according to the order", the tsar sacrificed, punishing the vidati of Pleshcheev and Trakhaniotov, who were secretly killed. Morozov, his brother-in-law and brother-in-law (Tsar and Morozov will be friends with sisters) Oleksiy Mikhailovich "promises" to the insurgents and sends them to the National Kiev-Pechersk Monastery.

The uryad nagolos about the pinning down of inadequacies, the Zemsky Cathedral shouted, on what the boulevard was pleased with the nayvazhlivs of the township population about the fence of the transition to the "bili sloboda" and the nobles - about the introduction of a stringless rogue in the wagons. With such a rank, the order is pleased with all the vimogs who rebelled, so that they can tell about the weakness of the sovereign apparatus (persh for everything repressive) at all times.

Like a Solyana revolt, the Mis'ki insurrection swept through the other places: Ustyug Velikiy, Kursk, Kozlov, Pskov, Novgorod.

The strongest bully of the insurrection in Pskov and Novgorod, the victories of the road to Khlib through the supply of this to Sweden. Miska Bidnota, like a thunderbolt of hunger, signaled the commander, destroyed the courtyard of rich merchants and seized possession. In 1650 r, the insult of the insurrection bully was strangled by uryadovy vіyskami, although in Pskov їm far into the distance to enter deprived of the leaders of the revolts in the middle of the insurgents.

"Midniy revolt"

In 1662, a great insurrection began in Moscow, as it passed into history as the "Midniy revolt". Win buv viklikaniy with a breakthrough in order to replenish the belongings, empty an important trivial war from Poland (1654-1667 rr.) І Shvetsin (1656-1658 rr.). To compensate for the majesty of vitrati, letting it go into the middle of a penny, making it up to the average price. At the same time, the tribute was collected in a middle coin, and a friend was sold for a small penny. We pay to serve people as well as pay middy. They didn’t get a penny for the young people; Abi did not allow trading on small pennies, the villagers stopped bringing food to Moscow, so the price was too high. Minnie pennies were changed: when 1661 rubles were given for the average ruble, two miners were given, then in 1662 r - 8.

25 lime tree 1662 after the revolt. A part of the townspeople rushed to smash the boyars' sadibs, and they demolished the village of Kolomenske in the village of Moscow, de-stopping at the tsar's days. Oleksiy Mikhaylovich called on the knuckles to come to Moscow and go to Moscow. When I was building I was calm. Just an hour in Kolomens'ka, new groups of people appeared - those who had smashed the courtyard of the boyars in the capital earlier. The tsar coveted most of the boyars hated by the people, and threatened that if the sovereign "did not give the boyars a good one," then the stench "should be remembered for his own name".

However, in an hour of negotiations in Kolomenska, viclikans arrived as the king of the shooters, they attacked the brazen NATO and drove them to the river. Ponad 100 people were drowned; At the tsar's order, 150 rioters were raised, and they were beaten with a batog and tavrud with zaliz.

At the head of the "salt", "middle" revolt, there was a violent strangulation, as if I was going far into the distance to utrimate on their battles against the townspeople.

Insurrection of Stepan Razin

Naybilshe folk vistup of the other half of the 17th century. drove on Don and Volza.

The population of Don became Cossacks. The Cossacks did not engage in farming. The main occupations are boule polyvannya, ribna fishing, cattle-breeding and fishing on the volodinnya susidnich Turechchini, Crimea and Persia. For the guard service for the protection of the early frontiers of the state, the Cossacks cut off the tsar's pay with hlib, penny and gunpowder. The order was also reconciled with the fact that on the Don there was a lane of villagers-in-law and settlement. Dyav the principle "from Don vidachi nemau".

In the middle of the XVII century. in the goat middle, there was no eagerness at all. The top of the households ("housewives") of the Cossacks was seen, as they were volodying with their petty promises, herds of horses, as they were losing the share of the vidobutku and the royal fee. Bidni ("golutvennogo") Cossacks fought on the housewives.

In the 40s rr. XVII Art. Cossacks lost the way in Azov and Chorna of the Sea, as the Turks made the fortress of Azov. Tse sponukal Cossacks to transfer their hike for zdobichchu on the Volga and the Caspian Sea. The robbery of Russian and Persian merchant caravans, inflicting the great trade with Persia and all the dignity of the Lower Volga region. Immediately, with a tide of shy people from Russia, the fortune of the Kozaks grew up to the Moscow boyars and the punished people.

Already in 1666, the Cossacks were driven by the otaman Vasil Usa, who invaded from the Upper Don into the border of Russia, who went as far as Tuli, the noble masters on their way to their way. If the threat of zustrichі with the great uryadovym vіysky zmusil Usa turn back. Then they went to the Don and the numbers came to the new krіpaki. Vistup Vasil Usa showed that the Cossacks are ready at any moment to appear against the current orders and authorities.

In 1667 r zagin at a thousand Cossacks viruses on the Caspian Sea in a go "for siryak", tobto for a video clip. Otaman Stepan Timofiyovich Razin is standing on the choly paddock - a viceroy of the gospodar's cossack, volovy, intelligent and mercilessly cruel. Zagin Razina stretching 1667-1669 rr. robbing Russian and Persian merchant caravans, attacking the coastal Persian places. With a lot of good luck, they turned to Astrakhan, and they went to the Don. "Go for the siryak" is purely grabizhnitsky. However, the meaning is yogo shirshe. Itself in the whole campaign the core of the Razinsky vijska was formed, and the generous distribution of mercy to the common people brought popularity to the Otaman Neuvan.

Sheds 1670 r Razin pochav new turn. Every once in a while it was violated against the "boyars-zradnikiv". Without the support of the Tsaritsin's burials, the inhabitants of the village opened the gates to the Cossacks. The messengers against Razin from Astrakhan, the shooters, went over to the th side. Їх butt naslіduvav і reshtі astrakhan garnіzon. The participants in the support of the military commander and the Astrakhan noblemen bully were killed.

Pislya tsyogo Razin having straightened up the hill along the Volza. On the way to the winners of the "charming leaves", the commoners call out to beat the boyars, voivod, nobles and orders. For zaluchennya prikhalnikov Razin, having spread a rumor about those who are going to beat the Tsarevich Oleksiy Oleksiyovych (for good reason) and Patriarch Nikon.

The main participants in the rebellion were the Cossacks, villagers, serfs, townspeople and robots. Mista of the Volga region was built without support. In all the crowded places, Razin introduced a management behind the zrazk of the Cossack stake.

Failure checked Razina deprived of Sambirskiy, the cloud was delayed. Tim sent a detachment for an hour to strangle the insurrection of 60 thousand people. 3 zhovtnya 1670 r per Sambirskiy uryadov vіysko under the command of the leader Yuriy Baryatinskiy gave the razins a zhorstokoi assault. Razin buv wounds and all the way to the Don, to the Kagalnytskyi Mistechko, in which case there have been some mishaps. Win rozrakhovuv once again pick up his cuddles. However, the housewives of the Cossacks on the choli with the Vyskov otaman Kornila Yakovlev, rozumyuchi, who the king of Razin can call the tsar's gniv on all the Cossacks, stole them and saw them to the uryadov warriors.

Razin rolled and spent 1671 r spent on the Swamp area in Moscow together with his brother Frol. The participants of the insurrection bully pіddanі zhorstokim perelіduvannya i strata.

The main reasons for the defeat of the insurrection Razin were its spontaneity and low organization, the resilience of the villagers, as a rule, they were surrounded by a thrashing of the masters of their mighty master, and they were clear in the eyes of the insurgents. To add to this, if the Razins could get a chance to win Moscow, the stench couldn’t create a new just suspension. Adzhe We will share the idea of such a fair suspension in the first place. But the whole country can’t be caught up in the dumping and hacking of someone else’s mine. Be it a power, it will need a management system, an army, a tribute. A new social differentiation was inevitably followed by the rest of the people. The overcoming of non-organized rural and Cossack masses would inevitably lead to great sacrifices and create a significant School of Russian culture and development of the Russian state