Circulation of disciples by weight.

Interaction with the ocean and atmosphere.

27. Circulation of disciples by weight.

The change in the atmosphere in the atmosphere is based on the thermal regime and the change in the grip of the wind. The majority of the main currents over the planet are called backward circulating atmosphere... The main large-scale atmospheric ruins, which create the deep circulation of the atmosphere: wind flows, jet flows, wind flows in cyclones and anticyclones, pass and rubbish.

The roach of the earth's surface - viter- to show that the atmospheric grip in the adventurous mountains is not the same. Accepted vvazhati, scho vіter - tse horizontal ruch turnout. As a matter of fact, it doesn’t collapse parallel to the surface of the Earth, but along a small kut, that is why the atmospheric grip changes in horizontal and vertical strands. Directly vіtru (pіvnіchny, pіvedenniy, etc.) means, the sounds are wіter dme. For the strength of the win, rely on the respect of yo shvidkist. Chim vona vishcha, tim viter is stronger. Wind speed changes at meteorological stations at a height of 10 meters above the Earth, in meters per second. In practice, the power to evaluate in balls. The skin ball is two or three meters per second. With a force of 9 points, it is already stormy, and with 12 points - a hurricane. Extensions of the term "storm" means whether it is even stronger than the wind, not just from the number of balls. The speed of a strong wind, for example, in a tropical hurricane, reaches the majestic values - up to 115 m / s and more. Winter growth in mid-rise. At the surface of the Earth, the shvidkist decreases to the graters. A fee for the liquidity in the whole food, not in the last hour. Most of the weather is spastered in the middle and polar latitudes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere.

There is no zeal for the regularity of the change in speed over the continents at low altitudes (100-200 m). here shvidkosti in the morning reach the greatest values during the noon, and the least - at midday. Tse sposterіgaєtsya nicestly vlіtku.

Even worse in the morning, before the stormy weather, in the daytime in the barrens of Central Asia, and at night it is still calm. Even at a height of 150-200 m, there is a direct opposite picture: maximum performance at night and minimum during the day. The same picture is spontaneous and vlіtku, and charging in the other latitudes.

A lot of inappropriateness can bring a lot to the pilots of lithuanians and helicopters. Strumeny povitrya, scho collapsing in small straights, povtovhami, porovy, then weak, then accommodating, open up a great transition for the collapse of the shipwreck - to appear bovtanka - not without a breakdown of normal goodness.

On the other hand, it’s muddy from the mountain ridges of the cool continent into the warm sea, we are called boroy... Tse - strong, cold, partly vіter, so dme chill out in the cold season of fate.

Bagatom vіdoma pine forest in the regionі Novorosіyska, on the Black Sea. Here the stems are of the same nature, so that the swiftness of the pine forest can reach 40 and 60 m / s, and the temperature sometimes drops at a minimum of 20 ° С. Some of the inheritance of the boule were as follows: the harbor froze, ice twisted the ships, the Budovs, the embankment, the dakhi were looking out from the booths, the wagons were thrown around, the court threw themselves on the shore. Bora is hosted in the other regions of Russia - on Baikal, on Noviy Zemli. From the forest on the Seredzemny Uzberezhzhi France (there it is called the Mistral) and to the Mexican place.

Sometimes in the atmosphere there are vertical whirlwinds with a swift, spiraly-like ruddiness. Tsi vikhori are called tornadoes (in America they are called tornadoes). Tornadoes strike with a diameter of tens of meters, sometimes up to 100-150 m. Behind the nature of the whirled tornado, the estimated values of the speed can be 50-100 m / s, and in especially strong whirlwinds - up to 200-250 m / s with the great vertical storage speed. The grip at the center falls on the tornado of tens of millibars. Milibari for viznachennya vise zvivyay vikoristovuyut in synoptic practice (order with millimeters of mercury stock). For transferring bars (millibars) in mm. mercury stoppa іsnuyut special tables. In the CI system, the atmospheric grip is measured in hectopascals. 1hPa = 10 2 Pa = 1mb = 10 -3 bar.

Tornadoes are not good enough - from a few hilin until a few years. Ale and for a small hour, the stench gets up at least as badly as possible. When a tornado passes (over land, tornadoes sometimes call them thrombi) until the wake of the middle, they wake up in the center of a thrombus until they wake up, vibrate in the middle - to get around the life without wandering victims. There are drops, if there are people, creatures, and also small objects and tornadoes in the morning and transfer to dozens, or even hundreds of meters. In my own Rus, tornadoes seep for dozens of kilometers over the sea and even more - over land. Ruynivna force of tornadoes over the sea is less than over land. In Europe, thrombosis is often found in the Asian part of Russia. Ale especially, parts and ruins of tornadoes in the United States. Read more about tornadoes and tornadoes on our website in the section.

Atmospheric grip is even more minlive. It is possible to lie down from the height of the weather, its power and acceleration of strength, as it changes in the fallowness from the geographic latitude and the height above the sea level. The schilnistyu is called the masa of one ossyagu. Diet and dry food is easy to eat at high temperatures and high levels of food. With a low temperature of gustin, it will increase, with the increase in power it will change more, less a vice. The strength of the fortune is not necessarily determined, but calculated on the basis of the variable values of the temperature and the vice. By the same token, it’s a good thing to see for the galvanization of the individual companions of the Earth, as well as for the warnings for the spilling of the unitary smokers with sodium vapor, which is fired by meteorological rockets.

In Europe, the volume of the surface of the Earth is 1.258 kg / m 3, at a height of 5 km - 0.735, at a height of 20 km - 0.087, and at a height of 40 km - 0.004 kg / m 3.

Chim shorter than stoov povitrya, chim vishche m_sce, tim less vise. Alle the change in the growth rate, the growth of the fallowness has decreased. Rivnyannya, which bends the law of wriggling vise with hanging in the atmosphere, is called the basic rivnyannya of statics. It’s more vigorous, because it’s more negative than the grip, and when we go one or the same grip, the grip is greater than the greater the strength of the grip and the acceleration of the force. The main role here is to lay the spirit of goodness. From the basic level of statics, it is possible to calculate the value of the vertical gradient of the vice, showing a change in the vice when shifting to one unit of the height, so that the vice is reduced to one unit of verticality (mb / 100 m). Gradіnt vise - tse і є strength, yak weve in the turn of the fortune. Krym force gradієnta vice in the atmosphere of power or energy (the power of the Coriolis and the center), as well as the power of rubbing. All the current flows are looked out across the Earth, as if they were wrapped around their axis.

The spacious atmosphere rose to be called a baric field. Tse system on top of a vise, or isobaric surfaces.

Vertical rise of isobaric surfaces above the cyclone (H) and anticyclone (B).
The surface of the vise p.

The isobaric surfaces cannot be parallel to one to one and the earth's surface, because the temperature and the grip are constantly changing in a horizontal direction. To that, the izobaric surfaces may show a versatile viglyad - from the slender "ulogovin" sagging down to the unstable "pagorbiv" uphill.

When the horizontal area of isobaric surfaces is overturned, curves appear - isobar, tobto lines, so that the dots with the same values are drawn.

Carti izobars, as they await the results at the very singing moment of the hour, are called synoptic charts. Carti izobars, folded for average bagatory data for the month, season, ric, are called klimatological.

Bagatorial middle pictures of the absolute topography of the isobaric surface 500 mb per breast - lutius.
Hang in the geopotential decametry.

On synoptic maps, with isobars of acceptance, the interval is 5 hectopascals (hPa).

On the maps of the bordering area of the isobar, it can be shaved, but on the map of all the Earth's skin, the skin of the isobar is naturally closed.

Ale і on the bordering cards often there are closed izobaris, which surround the small or high vise. Areas with lower grip at the center - tse cyclones, And the area with a visually movable vice - tse anticyclones.

Під cyclone rosumіyut a majestic whirlwind in the lower sphere of the atmosphere, which is in the center of the lowering of the atmospheric vice and the downward movement of the winds. In the cyclone, the grip of growth goes to the center to the periphery, and the opposite direction collapses in the Old New Years and after the Years Old Street - in the Old New Years. The downward ruck must be brought up to the end of the day until the end of the day. In space, cyclones are watching at the viglyad, twirling twisted spirales in other latitudes.

anticyclone- tse area of the temple vise. Win vynikє immediately with the development of a cyclone and is a vortex of closed isobars and a vise in the center. Visiting the anticyclones after the year-old street in Pivnichny pivkuli and the anti-cyclone building - in Pivdenny. In the anticyclones, there is a decline in the fall, which is overwhelmed by the overwhelming and triple fall.

In such a rank, large-scale circulation of the atmosphere in the middle latitudes should be built up to the approval, development, collapse, and then to the extinguishing and development of cyclones and anticyclones. Cyclones, which come to the front, how to distribute warmth and cold winds, collapse into the poles, to carry the heat in the polar latitudes. Nawpaks, anticyclones, wandering through cyclones in cold weather, collapse in subtropical latitudes, enduring colder weather.

Over the European territory of Russia, 75 cyclones rise in the middle of the year. The diameter of the cyclone reaches 1000 km and is more. In Europe, there are 36 anticyclones in the middle of the month, a part of the low pressure in the center is more than 1050 hPa. The average grip in the winter season on the sea level is 1013.7 hPa, and in the winter season - 1011.7 hPa.

In the northern parts of the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean, there is a low vice, named Icelandicі Aleutian Depressions. depression, abo baric minimums, It is characterized by minimal values of the vice - in the middle it is close to 995 hPa.

In the same period, the rock over Canada and Asia are in a high vice, called the Canadian and Siberian anticyclones. The vise (1075-1085 hPa) is rebuilt in Yakutia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and minimally in typhoons over the Pacific Ocean (880-875 hPa).

Depressions are spontaneous in areas where cyclones often emerge, as in the world of letting down on the stage and on the new stage, step by step the anticyclones are stopped and missed. Asian and Canadian anticyclones are found in the wide latitudes of the great continents of Eurasia and Pivnichnoy America. In the qikh regions, the anticyclones are loaded over the cyclones.

Vlіtku over the cyclonic continents, the diagram of the baric field and the circulations change until the mainland, and the zone of cyclones in the winter season changes in the greater latitudes.

At the lower latitudes of the winter season, cyclones, hovering over the one-sided surface of the oceans, collapsing onto the winter skid, start the ice of Antarctica and then stagnate, looming in their centers a low grip. The trickle і vlіtku Antarctica is sharpened with a belt of a low vise (985-990 hPa).

At subtropical latitudes, the circulation of the atmosphere rises over the oceans and in the regions of the continent and oceans. Above the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in the subtropics of both agricultural and the area of the high vise: the Azores and the Pivdeno-Atlantic subtropical anticyclones (abo baric minimums) in the Atlantic and Hawaiian and Pivdeno-Pacific anticyclones

The greatest amount of sleepy heat will gradually be eliminated in the equatorial region. In addition, in equatorial latitudes (up to 10 ° of winter and winter latitude of the ekvator), the decrease in the atmospheric pressure will be fully reduced, and in tropical latitudes, in smoothies of 30-40 ° N. і PDS - adjustments, in the case of which there are continuous streams of twist, straightened from paths to adequate. The growing streams are called pasatami... Pasatnі vіtri dim with a stretch of all fate, withering deprived of its intensity in the insignificant boundaries. Tse sami stiyki vіtri on the Earth cooler. The force of the horizontal baric gradient directs the streams of rotation from the areas of the advanced vice to the area of the lower vice in the meridional straight line, that is, for a week and a half. Note: the horizontal baric gradient is the center of the vice, as it falls on the unit along the normal to the isobar.

Alle the meridian directly pass through the two forces of energy - the power of the Earth (the strength of the Coriolis) and the center of the force, and also the force of rubbing against the earth's surface. The power of the Coriolis is infused into the skin so that the bridle of the meridian collapses. Take 1 kg of food in the winter season at latitude µ and startє collapses from shvidkistu V uzdovzh meridiana at pivnich. A whole kilogram of goodness, as if it were only on Earth, there is little lin_inuity of wrapping U = ωr, de ω - kutova shvidk_st wrapping of the Earth, and r- go up to the axis of the wrapping. According to the law of inertia of the kilogram U, Yaku vin mav at latitude µ ... Prosuvayuchis on pivnich, to emerge at greater latitudes, de radius wrapping is less and lineyna swiftness wrapping Earth is less. In such a rank, it is worthwhile to outstrip the unruly til, roztashovani on the same meridian, albeit in greater latitudes.

For sposterіgach tse bude viglyadati yak vіdhilennya tіlа tіla to the right fіd dієyu yakois power. Qia power і є power of Coriolis. For the price of a log of a kilogram of eating in the Holy Week, one must go straight to the door. Horizontal storage capacity of the Coriolis, which is for 1 kg of food, road SK = 2wVsinY. Vona and vidhilya turn, go straight kut to the vector of speed V. In Pivnichniy pivkuly, the vector goes to the right, and in Pivdenniy pivkuli it is left. From the formulas of vipliv, that the power of Coriolis is not victorious, that it is only to rest, that it’s just that, if it collapses after all. In the atmosphere of the Earth, the magnitude of the horizontal baric gradient and strength of the Coriolis may be one order of magnitude; In such vipadkahs, it turns out that it is straightforward, and it doesn’t collapse because of the pressure, but it’s very close to it.

Whirling flows in the atmosphere evoke a vortex character, so in this kind of Russia, the skin is one of the most powerful P = V / R, de V- the speed of the weather, and R- radius of curvature of the traktorії ruhu. In the atmosphere, the power is less than the strength of the baric gradation, and so it is lost, so biased, by the power of the “world meaning”.

As soon as the force of rubbing is concerned, as the winners are ruining the earth and the surface of the Earth, then in the singing world there is confidence in the speed of the weather. It can be seen as follows: the lower obsjagi, as they lowered their horizontal swiftness through the irregularities of the earth's surface, are transferred from the lower ridges up the hill. In such a rite, rubbing against the earth's surface is transmitted to the mountain, step by step weakly. The name of the company is so called planetary ball, Scho to become 1.0 - 1.5 km. vishche 1.5 km in the inflow rubbing insignificantly, that is why I call a lot of balls with a fresh atmosphere.

In the equatorial zone of the linear swiftness of the wrapping of the Earth of the greatest, apparently here is the strength of the Coriolis of the greatest. Tomorrow, in the tropical zone, Pivnichnoe pivkuli pass the smoke from the pivnichny descent, and in the Pivdenniy pivkuli - from the pivdennaya descent.

A low grip in the equatorial zone is promoted gradually, charging and wiping. Smuha of a low vise, I will hunt all the Earth kul, according to the adequacy, to call myself ekvatorialny ugovina.

Having gained dignity over the oceans of both pivkul, two pasatny streams, collapsing one to one, to hide to the center of the equatorial street. On the line of a low grip the stench stinks, claiming to be so called internal zone of convergence(Convergence means "business"). As a result of the cycle of "change", the decline of the past and the second is seen to go down to the subtropics. The whole process and the opening of the zone for the unfolding of the convergence zone gradually, stretching out to the fate. As soon as the flows of passats converge, they have become well-known.

From the bottom of the tropic tide, to the end of the taut ball of bush-and-board hawks, 100-200 km long, from which tropic malignancies collapse. It is such a rank to go, that the internal zone of convergence becomes a man, before the boards are wobbling from the steam, taken by the pasats over the oceans.

So forgiven, schematically, the picture of the circulation of the atmosphere in the equatorial zone of the Earth is shown.

On the other hand, I call it mousons... Arabian word "mausin", which means "time for rock", gave the name to the tsim of the persistent leaks.

Musoni, on the occasion of streamen leaks, are found in the northern regions of the Earth, and sometimes they collapse in opposite directions, creating summer and winter garbage. Lіtnіy muson - the price of going from the ocean to the mainland, wintering - from the mainland to the ocean. There are tropical and extratropical monsoons. At the Pivnichno-Shidniy India and Afritsa, the winter tropic monasteries are stored with the pasats, and the lithuanian old-fashioned pasats will increase. New tropical monasteries are promoted in the private part of the Indian Ocean and in the Northern Asia. Pozatropychny monsoons emerge in the taut, stiff regions of the continent, growing in the grip during the winter hour and low - in the summer hour.

Typical in the whole of the world є regions and distant Russian descent, China, Japan. For example, Vladivostok, how to lie in the latitude of Sochi through the days of the postatropic monsoon as it gets colder than Arkhangelsk, and there are often fogs, fall from the sea, and it is colder and colder.

Bagato tropic land of Pivdennoi Asia will be recognized as a vologue, brought in the view of the torrential boards by the richest tropic rubbish.

Be-like it is the result of the interplay of industrial physical factors that emerge in the atmosphere over the singular geographic regions. To the monasteries to visit breezy... The stench is close to the coastline of the seas and oceans, and I can do it right: during the day, the stench is blurry from the sea to the land, and at night from the land to the sea. It will be explained by the temperature difference over the sea and land in the winter hour. Warmth of land and sea is growing. During the day, in warm weather, sleepy exchanges heat the land more quickly, lower the sea, and the grip over land changes. Once again, start to collapse into the little vice - dme sea breeze... Everybody will be honored with navpak. The land and the wind above it will be warm and warm, the sea is lower, the grip of the old is, lower over the sea, and the winds are right to the side of the sea - dme coastal breeze... Breezy is especially variable in quiet, sleepy weather, if it does not affect anything, so as not to overlap with other streams of fire, as it is easy to drown out the breezes. The speed of the breeze is roughly 5 m / s, a little in the paths, the temperature difference between the surface of the sea and the land is significant, the breeze blows only once at a speed of 10 m / s. At the lower latitudes, breezes penetrate 25-30 km into the terrain.

Brizi, no matter how much it seems, it’s just a little bit, only on a smaller scale - it smells like a good cycle and it’s a change to lay down right through the winter of the night and of the day, it’s a little bit of a different cycle, and it’s going to change right in the fall as soon as you rock.

Ocean currents, which are on their way to the coast of the mainland, go to two branches, which are straightened by the links of the Uzbek continent for a private day. In the Atlantic Ocean, a sprinkler has confirmed the Brazilian current, which is on the shores of Indian America, and the sprout is a warm Gulfstrom, so that it can go to the Atlantic Ocean stretch, which is called the North Cape current.

In the Pacific Ocean, it is necessary to move to Kuro-Sivo.

Earlier, we already guessed about the seasonally warm crossing of the shores in Ecuador, Peru and Pivnichniy Chili. Vono winnicks in the chest (not choroku) and in the decrease in the catch of ribs from the shores of the regions through those in warm water, there is even little plankton - the main grub resource for ribi. Rise of the temperature adjustment of the coastal waters of the Wikliks of the development of the bourgeois and boardworms, from which strong boards are spilled.

The ribalka ironically called the heat of the leak El-Niño, which means “a gift of a gift” (from іsp. El ninjo - nemovlya, lad). But I want to admit it isn’t an emotional experience with Chilean and Peruvian ribalkas, but for a physical reason. On the right, in the fact that the temperature adjustment of the water on the coast of Holy America is not just a warm current. Zmini to the back room in the "ocean-atmosphere" system in the great expanses of the Pacific Ocean to bring in the atmospheric processes, names " pivdennym kolyvannyam". The whole process, interrelated with the leaks, is the origin of all physical manifestations, which are seen in the paths. All the processes, which are circulating in the atmosphere, especially over the surface of the Svitovoy Ocean, is a folding, complex process. However, with all the folding, decay and diminutiveness of the fluctuating currents, there are still regularities, due to the fact that in the quiet regions of the Earth, the main large-scale, as well as the cycle processes of the atmosphere are repeated.

At the end of the chapter, it is possible to put the victorious energy vіtru on. Energy vіtru people vikoristovuyut from time immemorial, quiet feast, as the stench came to walk in the sea under the wind. Then the windbreaks appeared, and then the windswept engines - dzherela electric power. Viter - vichne dzherelo energy, stocks of which are indiscriminate. It’s a pity, the victoriousness of the wind, as the dzherelo power, to become great foldability through the ministry of its performance and directly. However, thanks to the help of the wind electric motors, it became possible to complete the efficiency of the wind power. Shovel the windmill zushuyut yogo mayzhe start "trimati nis" behind the windshield. If the power is enough, the current will go ahead without the need to survive: for illumination, for refrigeration units, for charging the batteries. If there is a verse, the accumulators will add the accumulated electric power to the net.

At the science stations in the Arctic Antarctic, the electric power of the wind engines gives light and warmth, making it possible for the robot to work with radio stations and the best in electric power. Apparently, for a leather science station є a diesel generator, for those who need a mother there is a continuous supply of fire.

The sailors vikoristovvuyut force vіtru spontaneously, without urahuvannya system and vіtrіv and ocean currents. The stench simply did not know anything about the understanding of such a system. The knowledge about the winds and flows has accumulated in centuries and in thousands of years.

One of the fellow Chinese sailor Zheng He with a stretch of 1405-1433 rr. having cleared the spade of expeditions, they passed the so-called Great Monkey Way from the Yangtze River to the Indian and western shores of Africa. We took care of the scale of the first cikh expeditions. Vona was stocked with 62 ships with 27800 participants. To float the expeditions, the Chinese vikorists used their knowledge of the regularities of the monasteries. In China, the stench went into the sea at the end of leaf fall - on the cob of the breast, if it was a wintery winter monsoon. A passing wind to assist in reaching the Indian and African countries. The stench in China turned into an equal - worm, if the old monsoon arose, which in the Pivdenno-Chinese Sea became the first.

The butt is more than an hour close to us. Mova pіde about the rise in the price of the famous Norwegian brewed Thor Hejєrdal. For the help of the wind, and more precisely, for the help of the passat Kheyirdal zmig bring the value of two of his hypotheses to the science. The first hypothesis was that the islands of Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean could be, on the Heyrdal thought, populated in the last twenties from the Middle Ages, as they flew over a part of the Pacific Ocean on their primitive floating ships. The floats were flesh from a balsa tree, like it’s primitively timid, but for a tricky crossing at the water, it didn’t change its prowess, but that wasn’t in tone.

The inhabitants of Peru used such rafts for thousands of years, up to the empire of the times. Tour Heyirdal in 1947 tied a plate from the great balsa decks and called it "Kon-Tik", which means Sonce-Tik - the deity of the ancestors of the Polynesians. Having taken "on board" his raft five lovers are suitable, he went on a journey along the route from Callao (Peru) to Polynesia. The Peruvian current and the early-stage passat were on the cob, the float was carried by the Peruvian current and the early pass, and then the robot was taken by the late pass of the Pacific Ocean, which could be three months without interruption. Nini French Polynesia).

Another hypothesis of Heyrdal was that the culture of the Olmecs, Aztecs, Mayans and the other tribes of Central America was transferred from Ancient Egypt. Tse bulo we can, on the thought of a vcheny, to the fact that since a long time ago people sailed across the Atlantic Ocean on papier chambers. Heyerdahl was also helped to bring the complexity of the hypothesis to Heyerdahl.

At the same time with a group of fellow-fellows, one-thinkers, they shot two floats on the papier chambers "Ra-1" and "Ra-2". The first choven ("Ra-1") collapsed, not moving to the American coast for dozens of kilometers. The experience is serious, but everything went well. Choven for another float ("Ra-2") knitted a "fahivtsi class" - Indians from the Central Andes. Viyshovshi from the port of Safi (Morocco), the papilian chavens "Ra-2" crossed the Atlantic Ocean through 56 dB and up to the island of Barbados (approximately 300-350 km from the Uzbek coast of Venezuela), having covered 6100 km of the highway. A group of chovens pidganyav pivnichno-skidny passat, and when they fix it from the middle of the ocean - a skidny passat.

The science of another hypothesis of Heyrdal Bula has been brought up. Ale bulo brought the inshe: unaffected by the prosperous result of swimming, choven, tied with bundles of papyrus, outline, outline, or even water growth, is not suitable for swimming in the ocean. A lot of "shipboard material" is not guilty of being vicious, so it’s because it’s a matter of getting wet and getting into the water. Well, if you know more lovers who are obsessed with the bazhany, turn the ocean on exotic floating boats, then don’t smell the smell of uvaz, so it’s nadіinіshe, nіzh papіrusna choven, and so be loved by everyone unfailingly.