Delvig's short biography and creativity. All the tops of Anton Delvig. Sprung from the Decembrists

Russian singer, translator, journalist, critic and vidavet. The founder of the "Literary Newspaper" - the first edition, completely dedicated to the literary and cultural life of Russia.
Author of the almanac "Pivnichny kviti". Having become famous for the verses of the style of "Russian songs" and "Greek idyls."
Author of the famous romance "The Nightingale". Died at age 33. Delvig's creativity was little appreciated and practically forgotten.

The pages of the one-volume book of Anton Delvig’s poetry and leaves, which are now rarely seen, burnt over time, and drew on the phrase of the book’s commentator (V.E. Vatsuro): “Delvig’s creativity is not easy to understand. It will require a historical perspective, who can evaluate this literary work "I've ruined myself.

She lowered her shoulders. Why am I writing about someone? Shouldn't it be too far? Why shouldn’t it be necessary?: But here, in a little bit of my heart’s memory, other rows have been merged, read a long time ago: “The death of Delvig weighs heavily on me. In addition to a wonderful talent, the head and soul of the indefatigable Gartu were miraculously restored. Vin buv our ranks are beginning to rise. Don’t go, funny. And I was bold.

Allow me to reveal the “beautiful thing.” Friend of Pushkin. Russian poet. The first edition of the first Russian "Literary Newspaper". Criticism and publicist. Translation that zbiracha folklore. Just Baron Anton Antonovich Delvig, “whose life was rich not in romantic benefits, but in wonderful feelings, bright pure reason and hopes” (Pushkin - from the sheet to P. Pletnyov 31 June 1831)

Anton Antonovich Delvig was born on September 6, 1798 near Moscow. Having lived until the poor, aka the ancient noble family of the Barons Delvigs. Father was once the assistant to the commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, in the old-fashioned way - a parade ground - a major. Mother, Lyubov Matvievna, from a family of Russian nobles, the Krasilnikovs. For the questionnaire “How many souls, people, villagers does Volodya have?” - the descendant of the baronial title after the death of the father sagely confirmed: “I can’t.”

Antosha Delvig’s basic education was obtained from a private boarding house and under the supervision of his home teacher A.D. Borovkov, who added a taste to Russian literature and to the exact sciences.

In the summer of 1811, Mr. Borovkov brought the plump, hulking, rosy-cheeked Antosh Delvig to St. Petersburg.

Lyceum characteristics of Delvig:

"Baron Delvig Anton, 14 rocks. His virtues are in the middle, like his diligence, and his successes are even greater. The meekness of his power is even noticeable in everyone, but not when It’s either empty or playful: here he’s sullen, a joker, and indiscreet “In this, the sophistication to medicine and Russianness is noted. The deterioration in Russian literature and history begins to ennoble his sophistication.” With these very valuable, even super-sensitive, characteristics, it is clear how high the bar was for lyceum students and how subtle caution was exercised by teachers for their souls as they develop.

There were legends about Delvig's linches in the Lyceum. Vin himself bolstered his reputation as a lout - a healer, thoughtful and bright-eyed:

I honor nobility

I still don’t touch my friend

To get lazy, it seems, is a disaster:

And I’ll drown in this mess.

Are you really lazy? Ledve. Shvidshe, there was a whole manner of behavior, the pace of life, the acquisitions from childhood and the transition from childhood. Delvig did not rush. Vin faded. Saving strength.

It is necessary to say that the laxity and voluminousness of it never showed up in these episodes, when there was a need for resolution and fluidity of action. When discussing the share of Literaturnaya Gazeta with Benckendorf, Delvig stood up so courageously, firmly and tactfully, that the general, at the risk of raising any hesitation, would stand in front of him. Ale tse was later. At the birth of 1830.

But be it true, Anton Antonovich would have suffered so much in such a short life?... Probably not.

Delvig's successes in advanced literature were recognized by his readers. Uyava Delvtga did not know the cordons. Often the lyceists met in the evenings and shared different stories about their benefits and exploits. Pushkin later guessed in a short - unfinished article about Delvige: “Once I was tempted by the knowledge of my comrades’ campaigns in 1807, seeing myself as eyewitnesses of similar events. The story was so lively and believable and had such a strong impact on the young people. a bunch of people who extracted new details about the campaign. then we did not doubt the truth of his testimony until we ourselves having learned from my friend.

Further, A. Pushkin respected: “Delvig, who reveals about his hidden visions and obvious insecurities, which he never encountered in his father’s train, without even delving into the truth of any more punishment."

Delvig has a wonderful knowledge of German poetry, recalling quotes from Schiller and Gelt. Together with Küchelbecker and Pushkin, she began to recall the vertices of Derzhavin, Zhukovsky: and the ancient Horace, whom Anton carefully studied in the class under the cerium of Professor M. Koshansky.

"His first traces at the top - wrote A. Pushkin - were the inheritance of Horatia. Odes "To Dion", "Before Flying", "Before Dorida" were written by him in his fifteenth century and were directed in his collected works without any desire and change it clearly. an unexpected feeling of harmony and that classical stringency, which has never been changed. (Pushkin. Unfinished article about A. Delvig)

In 1814, Delvig's family published their first ideas following the publication of the popular magazine "Bulletin of Europe" to Volodymyr Izmailov. The verses were written without the name of the author, but “gained the respect of one famous person, who was the creator of a new, unknown pen, who had already stamped upon themselves until maturity, racking their brains, trying to figure out the secret of the anonymous author...” ( Same place)

Even before Delvig, knowing about his “friendship with the Muse,” the director of the Lyceum, Yegor Antonovich Engelgardt, asked him to write a farewell song for graduation.

Delvig prohannya vikonav. Having written a hymn to the Lyceum, which was known to everyone who at various times had the opportunity to begin with this pledge:

"Six fates have flown by like mriya,

In volumes of licorice silence.

I’m already calling out to Vitchizny

Make up for us: go, blues!

Let's study, bro! Hand in hand!

Let's all rise up!

Share for eternal separation,

Perhaps she was arguing with us!

(Delvig A.A. Lyceum song)

After leaving the Lyceum, Delvig was assigned to serve at the Ministry of Finance. Already in the spring of 1820, “for hire”, having entered the Public Library, under the command of Ivan Andriyovich Krilov, and on the 2nd of 1821, there were official confirmations at the planting of the librarian’s assistant. True, Ivan Andriyovich muttered angrily many times at his assistant, who insisted on reading books rather than putting them in catalogues. Recently, the Russian branch of the Community Library collapsed under the threat of chaos. In 1823, Delvig's family was deprived of its settlement. He then served as an official in various departments, but his soul was invariably devoted to his almanac “Pivnichnye Kviti”.

Delvig was a member of the “Great Association of Lovers of Russian Literature”, which, having joined in 1819, were members of the “Pivnichnaya Partnership” of the Decembrists - Rileyev, Bestuzhev, Trubetskoy, Yakushkin: Noisy superchki about poetry , civil and political freedoms dragged on until late at the Vilny meeting. partnership" and the disgraced E. Boratinsky, with whom he had already collaborated at that time (the marvelous picture of E. Boratinsky). Delvig had a marvelous gift for recognizing literary talent and promoting it as only possible! He was the first to convey greatness to Pushkin ethic glory, skrutnu khvilina amicably supported E. Boratinsky, assisting M. M. Yazikov with the other vertices.

V. A. Zhukovsky - himself a kind genius of talents - highly valued this spiritual quality of Delvig: do not hurt, understand, sympathize, bestow your respect and kindness, a little bit of ruined short-sighted laughter to everyone who missed him...

Delvig himself wrote the following lines in the sonnet in his testimony to N. M. Yazikov:

Since the early rocks, I'm half-hearted

I save in my soul, for all the gods,

I crave for the presenting spivaks,

I know that love is ahead of schedule.

This anticipated love was most often expressed in the fact that the gift of Delvig’s poetic friends was valued more and less powerful. The greatest thing is that criticism has been saying for years that half of Delvig’s poems were written by Boratinsky, the other half by Pushkin. Delvig's modesty has served him well.

On May 6, 1820, Delvig escorted O. Pushkin on a day of exile to Odessa, then to Mikhailivske. And constantly writing to you, encouraging, cheerful, cheerful, revealing all the latest St. Petersburg news and the news of Pushkin’s father’s family, with whom he was friendly above all, drinking about literature and plans: Many of these sheets were not preserved and did not reach us.

They could be dedicated entirely to the investigation. This is a reference literary reminder of what is called true friendship, which has licked and is licking from us, the frontrunners, the sandpapers, there in the clay, in the wickets, in the shadows of the alleys, the half-half candle, creaking on the white arches of a thin goose paper pen: The axis of a number of rows of all the leaves: “Dear Delvig, I have taken away all your leaves and thank you for everything. And for the sake of our friendship:” (Pushkin - A.A. Delvig 1823 roku.)

Dear Pushkin, I have torn off your page and “Proserpina”, and this very day I will also take away from you for them. “Proserpina” is not the verses, but the music: the song of the bird of paradise, which, when you hear it, you won’t care, as a thousand fates have passed: “Whose list and business thoughts - Delvig goes back to Pushkin as you know: “Now on the right about Roshi. If you want to sell to a friend the production of “Ruslan”, “Branets” and, if possible, “Bakhchisarai Fountain”, then you have my confidence. Ask three booksellers for this price; You know, I can make a trade between them and sell your handicraft, obviously. Vidannya will be garni. I guarantee it." (Delvig to Pushkin. 10th spring 1824.)

Anton Antonovich was deeply worried and worried about his friend. Already in Mikhailovsk before Pushkin the most important leaf:

"Great Pushkin, little child! Id, yak izhov, Tobto Robi, I want, Ale do not drive to the people of people, I feel like hollow! The duma is packed for you to take revenge for you. I do not bang the worship of the people, yaka b without barking for you, Vorontsov, who got all the money.

Anton Antonovich spent the entire hour getting ready to see his friend at Mikhailovsky’s, but the literary and scientific affairs were in trouble, and then he fell ill. Mikhailivske Delvig spent more than 18-19 quarters of 1824. Pushkin used to be radiant and invisible. Intimate conversations began, discussions about further publications of the almanac “Pivnichny Kviti”, and a report analysis of all literary novelties. The warehouse of the new collection of works by Pushkin was specified. We dined, guessed the fortunes of our friends, played billiards, and walked. And in the evenings they went to Trigorsky, to the sushiki - Pannochka Osipovykh - Wulf for raspberry pie with tea and punch.

The entire Osipov family - Wulf unanimously fell into the good-natured, cheerful, wise-cracking Delvig, who spent the entire hour throwing a funny pince-nez on a cord into the grass. Paraska Oleksandrivna Osipova's youngest children, Maria and Evpraxia Delvig, loved to go around on the goyalkas and affectionately called them “little friends.” And they didn’t believe in anything new in their souls. An hour flew by endlessly. Already on the 26th quarter of 1824, Delvig departed from Mikhailovsky to St. Petersburg.

And finally, at the hot-tempered end of Paraska Oleksandrivna, who was named in the Movchanna, Delvig announced: “There is a mess here and a happy mess.” (*Literary Association, of which Pushk is a member Another beginning at the Lyceum - author).

Sofia Mikhailivna Saltikova was only 19 years old at that time. Her mother died, father, a man of strong-willed views, a writer and a hospitable man, having lived out her life in Moscow. Sofia Mikhailovna was intelligent, charming, loved literature and, most of all, Pushkin. Vaughn wrote to a friend: “It’s impossible to be more intelligent than Pushkin - I am in love with him. Delvig is a charming young man, although modest, does not show off his beauty; what is right for me is what I should wear eyepieces. Anton Antonovich himself said ironically about the eyepieces : “At the Lyceum they stopped me from wearing eyepieces, but then all the women seemed beautiful to me;” I was so disappointed with them after graduation.”

If I had once been friends with Saltikova, my disappointment would have ended. Youth, charm, brightly expressed temperament, wonderful literary gusto, natural kindness - all this made the young Baroness Delvig widely admired among her friends: writers, publishers, booksellers, where they brought her hut. Buli and shanuvalniks, but about the tse - mova in front.

Sofia Mikhailovna tried to create an undisturbed atmosphere of friendly gatherings and fun in her salon. Musical evenings were often held, romances based on the verses of Yazikov, Pushkin and Delvig were performed. After the young composer Alyab’ev wrote music to the words of his leader Nightingale, the whole of Russia sang the romance.

Delvig, as he sings, became famous for his “Idylls” - the pinnacles of the style of ancient poetry. It has often been thought that these are the translations of Theocritus, Horace and Virgil: And these were the fruits of Delvig himself.

Pushkin wrote about his friend’s work: “Delvig’s idyls are less remarkable for me. I owe my mother the power to move completely from the 19th century in the gold of the century and how unusually refined it is to guess the Greek This is the Latin heritage, the luxury, the Latin in spite of its beauty, more negative, less positive, which does not allow anything strained in the subtle, lost in thoughts;

(A. S. Pushkin. Sorrows from leaves, thoughts and respect. 1827 r.)

Delvig is also known as a subtly cruel critic who examines every literary novelty: a novel, therefore, a story, verses, and especially translations. Sometimes he wrote bitterly: “You welcome garden books like an oasis in the African steppe. Why are there few books in Russia? Read more from the forests.”... Isn’t it true, it sounds too desperate?

While the Literaturna Gazeta often resisted the attacks of Bulgarin's Pivnichnaya Bjoli, Delvig was severely criticized for his criticism and hostility to Bulgarin's novel Ivan Vizhigin, which was received with a bang by the unimpressive public. A melodramatic, empty - tearful novel about the benefits of a kindly hero could not elicit a positive response from the person and writer, who was famous for his subtle, powerful relish and professional view of literature! Delvig could not lie. Vin wrote:

"Literaturna Gazeta" is unprepared, it seems that they have been planning for a long time, so that P. F. B. * (* F. Bulgarin - author.) wrote a great novel; I don’t have the strength to praise “I. Vizhigin” and “Dmitry the Pretender”!” (A. A. Delvig. A response to the criticism of “Pivnichnaya Bjoli.”)

Delvig in his newspaper also often published the works of the disgraced Pushkin and the “totally” disgraced Kuchelbecker, vitriol attacks and dissatisfaction with the Censorship Committee. Letters and explanations from the censor and from the chief of gendarmes himself, Count Benckendorff, dragged on for hours to the point of infinity.

Zhorstka literary - magazine struggle and turbot about family - in the early 1830s, Delvig gave birth to Don Elizabeth - the poet was constantly being exhausted. It’s almost time to calmly sit down at the writing table in order to write a few poetic rows. The Syrian climate of St. Petersburg was not quite suitable for Delvig, because he got cold and often fell ill, but he could not go anywhere - they were affected by the previous turbos and the marriage of goods. It is very important that Anton Antonovich, having experienced separation from friends, now lies down to the “Decembrist tribe”: Pushchin, Kuchelbecker, Bestuzhov, Yakushkin: Trying to maintain them with sheets, parcels, everything in a moment. The crowd cried out quietly, dissatisfied with the authorities.

The official cause of Delvig's death is considered to be the relationship between Rozmov and Count Benckendorff, which occurred at the fall of the leaves in 1830. Benckendorff called Delvig in disobedience to the government, instigating illegal actions in the Literaturnaya Gazeta and threatening envoys to Siberia.

Delvig behaved so decently and cold-bloodedly that, at the end of the day, the noble count, having guessed the nobleman’s dishonesty, would be alarmed: Delvig calmly left the office. But when he turned home, he suddenly suffered from an attack of nervous fever, and his leg became inflamed.

The reason was unofficial, but more emotionally intelligent, due to the banal friendship of friends.

For advice E.A. Boratinsky, (little known and never published!) sings, turning home in a nervous time, finding the baroness in the volume of a black robe. The innocent became the guilty. The serious conflict between Benckendorff and the family tragedy led to a severe attack of nervous fever. Everything was complicated by the cold. May 2nd of the month Delvig will spend time at the bedside. One night of relief was followed by two nights of attacks, coughing, chills and fever. Doctors tried to relieve the suffering of the sick, but without success.

On the 14th of 1831, Anton Delvig passed away: He died without coming to you, whispering in the madder fever of the same thing: “Sonya, why did you earn this?!” They hastily took away the shabbily decorated yalinka from the booth. The mirrors hung like black living things. The candles were lit. I wish I had a window open in my chair. A gust of wind blew out the candle. For a second everything went dark in the dark. And then I felt a song: Sofia Mikhailovna did not leave the rest of the days from the man’s bed, bursting with tears and stroking his cold hands, with an oxamite contralto trying to bring the first rows to the romance:

"My nightingale, nightingale!

Where are you going, where are you going?

Where are you sleeping all the time?.."

PS A few months after the death of Delvig, Baroness Sofia Mikhailovna Delvig married the brother of the poet Boratinsky - Sergei Abramovich. In the late years, Baron Delvig was the robber of some outpost at his booth. Throughout her life, Sofia Mikhailovna could not shed tears, sensing the first tactics of “Nightingale.” Sofia Mikhailovna appreciated that there was nothing to mix the ghosts of a past life with the present. Perhaps, there is a small radio.

Anton Antonovich Delvig - this name, regardless of the historical contribution to the developments of literature of the 19th century, is primarily associated with the name of A. S. Pushkin among the rich. And it’s not surprising that even at school everyone learned the biography of the great poet, and the teachers told about his friends. It was Delvig’s name that sounded best to the rich.

Today, in a report, you learn about who Anton Delvig is. His biography and creativity are closely connected with the work of Oleksandr Sergiyovich Pushkin. Throughout their entire lives, practically since their first meeting, the two writers have maintained a close bond of friendship.

What attracted people to this people who knew him? How did you get Pushkin and a lot of other famous representatives of literature at that time?

Ditinstvo

At the end of the 18th century, on September 6, 1798, the family of a parade major, assistant commandant of the Moscow Kremlin, gave birth to his son Anton. Father came from an old family of Baltic barons, who had long since died. Mother from the birthplace of the Krasilnikov nobles.

The boy’s education was carried out by a private teacher A.D. Borovkov, who pinned the boy’s love to literature. Anton also ran a private boarding house.

Lyceist

At 13 years of age, he was sent to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, which opens in St. Petersburg. Delvig, whose biography from that hour became closely linked with the history of his investment, was a fat, clumsy, lazy, and even good-natured man, who often collaborated with a lot of lyceists.

Pushkin, Pushchin, Kuchelbecker - the names of my closest friends at that time. With them you saved the warmth of your hundred-day life.

Anton's line did not know the cordons, if on the right there were any exact sciences, but also in the lessons of history and literature. Here youmu had no equals.

I didn’t care for the gallant entrances of the Lyceum, but liked to wander for a long time in the park of Tsarskoye Selo or settle down in a quiet corner with a book. Having read Anton Delvig everything I can get my hands on.

Lenoshchi Tosi - as Pushkin lovingly called him - became a legend among lyceists. The stinks mercilessly barked at him, and the wines, without showing their faces, willingly allowed it.

They didn’t want to work for those who were not happy, hating routine, because their eyes were being burned, they knew each other without a trace, and Delvig demonstrated a lively, penetrating mind, rich in reality.

Since his childhood he was a great author. His image was so bright that friends, who often know well, succumbed to and believed his visions. They believed like friends, and investors, and V. F. Malinovsky himself, the director of the lyceum.

Pushkin once described how Delvig (biography, and other facts from his life are seen in this article) spoke about the military campaign. In 1807, the family was born due to military operations, which disrupted the transport of my father to the front. It was described so clearly, vividly, and meticulously that everyone believed the testimony of the young dreamer. Only a dozen hours later I became aware of my close friends at my place.

Creativity

The boy started writing poems early. Whose responsibility is ahead of A. Z. Pushkin. At 16 years of age, he contributed his first chapter to one of the literary almanacs of that time, “Bulletin of Europe”. Versh buv without signature. Readers, among whom were famous writers of the day, were amazed by the talent of the unknown poet and wondered who it was.

The verses of Anton Delvig “Farewell song of the Vietnamese...” became the anthem of the lyceists.

In this manner, having created a new round in the development of Delvig. His biography and creativity have so far brought the unknown to literature.

Anton Delvig wrote not so many poems, but among them, few folk songs were particularly popular. We were the first to start writing sonnets in the region. Having seen only one book of his masterpieces in his life, he began to have 1829 children.

Friends

A. S. Pushkin is A. Delvig’s closest friend. Resentments were already felt by the warm, trusting hundredths that had arisen among the young people back at the lyceum. If the stench was so weak, the stench grew stronger every day. As it was impossible for any reason (Pushkin’s message, for example), they wrote on the same page.

In 1819, Kuchelbecker, Baratinsky, Pushkin, Delvig created the Union of Poets, which was united not only by hidden interests, but also by friendly relations. They gathered together, read literature, drank champagne out of satisfaction, later became filled with rebellious ideas, their collections changed their character. Often they showed a rebellious, rebellious attitude. The singers encouraged one another in the very difficult situation of that hour.

Kohannya

Anton Delvig was falling asleep, and all the women, behind the chants of his lyceum friends, looked like they were beautiful. There was a lot of joy in this kind of fun. Why did this really happen?

It was fashionable in those days to hold literary salons, where people gathered at that time who were inundated with literature. Poets and writers came here, both young and famous, whose peculiarities had already been known.

The owner of one of these salons, which had little success at the time, was Sofia Ponomarova. Delvig, who was in the middle of the family, settled down with the young blessed Sofia. Having started to open the salon today, I couldn’t achieve success in my master, as well as a lot of other clerks, with whom she easily turned their heads.

Anton Delvig has finally decided that it is not good to waste your head like that, and has become more respectful of all the sides that give respect to other representatives of the female status. Sofia Saltikova appeared as a guest at the meeting. Beautiful, cheerful, bright, and in many ways similar to her namesake. Delvig works with her proposition and becomes friends with it. Gifts between friends are even more tender. Sofia writes about this often in the pages of her friend. Alas, perhaps, as both the sheets and the drains will have some pauses. In the Delvig family there is a daughter, Liza, who is the brother of both friends. About this Sofia buried recognizes the same friend in the sheets.

Not so long ago, such a writer as Anton Delvig had a biography. Unfortunately, it is practically impossible to find a photo of him and his daughter. I was not destined to endure Fatherlandism for a long time through Rapt’s death. At the time of his death, the girl did not meet fate.

Career

After completing the lyceum, Anton Delvig’s work was changed in more than one place. The short biography of his work is incomparable, except for one thing - he changed his job, but never lost his job forever. He was bored in the state service, so he went to work and went home early to get along with his beloved friends-singers.

Work in the Department of Water and Salt Research, and then at the Public Library, became for the singer further proof of his unworthiness to engage in monotonous activity and reduced creativity.

Loved on the right

Everything changed after Delvig published the publication of the anthology “Pivnichnye Kviti” and the Literary Newspaper. Having chewed, he began to work diligently. He encouraged the rebellious mood at that time and often allowed his comrades to interact with each other, as they were with the exiled ones (Pushkin, Kuchelbecker), encouraging young start-ups, and even talented authors. Most of all, I found it interesting to see Benckendorff, who at that time was in charge of censorship. These days were collected more often. Calm Delvig’s soul is already deeply worried. If the devil's scandal ends with the decision to close the newspaper under the threat of being sent to Siberia, the flood sings of sitting in the cold for a long time, exhausted in one's thoughts.

Obviously, the whole thing itself suffered and is no longer in good health. Nervous shock and burning of the lungs led to a tragic end to the life of a talented person - Anton Antonovich Delvig, whose biography was cut short in thirty years. Vin died on June 14, 1831, a month after the scandal.

Anton Delvig Career: Sings
Narodzhennya: Russia" Moscow, 17.8.1798 – 26.1
Anton Delvig is a Russian singer, translator, journalist, and critic. Born on September 17, 1798 in Moscow. The founder of the "Literary Newspaper" - the first edition, completely dedicated to the literary and cultural life of Russia. Author of the almanac "Pivnichny kviti". Having become famous for the verses of the style of "Russian songs" and "Greek idyls." Author of the famous romance "The Nightingale". Died at age 33. Delvig's creativity was little appreciated and practically forgotten.

The pages of the one-volume book of Anton Delvig’s poetry and leaves, which burnt over time and were rarely seen, led to the phrase of the book’s commentator (V.E. Vatsuro): “Delvig’s creativity is not easy to understand. It will require a historical perspective, as and can only evaluate this literary work "I've ruined myself.

She lowered her shoulders. Why am I writing about someone? Shouldn't it be too far? And what’s not incredibly unnecessary?: But here, in a bunch of heartfelt memories, other rows were merged, read a long time ago: “The death of Delvig weighs heavily on me. neabiyakogo gartu. our ranks are beginning to rise. Don’t go, funny. And I was bold.

Allow me to reveal the “beautiful thing.” Friend of Pushkin. Russian poet. The first edition of the first Russian "Literary Newspaper". Criticism and publicist. Translation that zbiracha folklore. Just Baron Anton Antonovich Delvig, “whose life was rich not in romantic benefits, but in wonderful feelings, bright pure reason and hopes” (Pushkin - from the sheet to P. Pletnyov 31 June 1831)

Anton Antonovich Delvig was born on September 6, 1798 near Moscow. Having lived until the poor, aka the ancient noble family of the Barons Delvigs. My father was a lieutenant of the local commander of the Moscow Kremlin, in the old fashion - a parade ground - a major. Mother, Lyubov Matvievna, from a family of Russian nobles, the Krasilnikovs. For the questionnaire “How many souls, people, villagers does Volodya have?” - the descendant of the baronial title after the death of the father sagely confirmed: “I can’t.”

Antosha Delvig learned from a private boarding house and under the supervision of his home teacher A.D. Borovkov, who pinched his taste to Russian literature and knowledge to the exact sciences.

In the summer of 1811, Mr. Borovkov brought the plump, hulking, rosy-cheeked Antosh Delvig to St. Petersburg.

Lyceum characteristics of Delvig:

"Baron Delvig Anton, 14 rocks. His vigor is in the middle, as is his diligence, and his successes are extremely great. The muckiness of his bitterness is even noticeable in this way, only not when It’s empty or it’s playing: here he’s a gawky, a joker, and sometimes indiscreet “in this one is marked the sophistication of medicine and rossiness. Before the beginning of the revolution in Russian literature and history, the ennoblement of his sophistication begins.” With these terribly valuable, super-sensitive characteristics, it is clear how high the bar was for the lyceum students and how subtle care was taken by the teachers for their souls as they developed.

There were legends about Delvig's linches in the Lyceum. Vin himself bolstered his reputation as a lout - a healer, thoughtful and bright-eyed:

I honor nobility

I still don’t touch my comrade

To get lazy, it seems, is a disaster:

And I’ll drown in this mess.

Are you really lazy? Ledve. Shvidshe, tse bula zvichka behavior, the pace of life, acquisitions from childhood and transition to a stable zvichku. Delvig did not rush. He thought about it. Saving strength.

It is necessary to say that the laxity and abundance of his life did not appear in these episodes, when there was a need for resolution and fluidity of action. When discussing with Benckendorff about the share of Literaturnaya Gazeta, Delvig became so courageous, decisive and tactful that the general, at the risk of outrage, would show up in front of him. Ale tse was later. At the birth of 1830.

And be so true, Anton Antonovich would never have woken up because of such a short sleep?... Probably not.

Delvig's successes in advanced literature were recognized by his readers. Uyava Delvtga did not know the cordons. Often the lyceists met in the evenings and told one another different stories about benefits and heroic deeds. Pushkin later guessed in a short - unfinished article about Delviga: “Once I was tempted by the knowledge of my comrades’ campaigns in 1807, seeing myself as eyewitnesses of similar events. The story was so lively and believable, and it was so impressive that a number of people were collected, who extracted new details about the expedition. that none of us doubted the truth of his testimony until without even knowing it from his partner."

Further, A. Pushkin respected: “The dealer who reveals about his secret visions and obvious insecurities, which he would have seen in his father’s train, without ever bothering to justify himself in order to get lost or else it will be punished."

Delvig has a wonderful knowledge of German poetry, recalling quotes from Schiller and Gelt. At the same time, Kuchelbecker and Pushkin learned the memories of the lords of Derzhavin, Zhukovsky: and the ancient Horace, whom Anton scrupulously studied in the class under the supervision of Professor M. Koshansky.

"His first traces at the top - wrote A. Pushkin - were the inheritance of Horatia. Odes "To Dion", "Before Flying", "Before Dorida" were written by him in his fifteenth century and were directed in his collected works without any desire and change it clearly. unexpected harmony and that classical stringency, which life has not changed. (Pushkin. Unfinished article about A. Delvig)

In 1814, Delvig's family published their first ideas following the publication of the popular magazine "Bulletin of Europe" to Volodymyr Izmailov. The verses were written without the name of the author, but “gained the respect of one famous person, the one who created a new, unknown pen, who is already at the mercy of his friends and maturity, racking their brains, trying to recognize the secret place anon Ima..." (Ibid. )

Before Delvig himself, knowing about his “friendship with the Muse,” Yegor Antonovich Engelgardt turned barefoot to the Lyceum and, with his laments, recite a farewell song for graduation.

Delvig poured into life. Having written a hymn to the Lyceum, which was known to everyone who, in various fates, had the opportunity to begin in this pledge:

"Six fates have flown by like mriya,

In volumes of licorice silence.

I’m already calling out to Vitchizny

Make up for us: go, blues!

Let's study, bro! Hand in hand!

Let's all rise up!

Share for eternal separation,

Perhaps she gave birth to us here!”

(Delvig A.A. Lyceum song)

After leaving the Lyceum, Delvig was assigned to serve at the Ministry of Finance. Already in the spring of 1820, “for hire”, having entered the Public Library, under the command of Ivan Andriyovich Krilov, and on the 2nd of 1821, there were official confirmations at the planting of the librarian’s assistant. It’s true, Ivan Andriyovich once grumbled angrily at the assistant, who wants to confirm the text of the book, and not list them in catalogues. Recently, the Russian branch of the Community Library collapsed under the threat of chaos. In 1823, Delvig's family was deprived of its settlement. After serving as an official in various departments, his heart and soul was always in his almanac "Pivnichnye Kviti".

Delvig was a member of the “Great Association of Lovers of Russian Literature”, which, having joined in 1819, were members of the “Pivnichnaya Partnership” of the Decembrists - Rileyev, Bestuzhev, Trubetskoy, Yakushkin: Noisy superchki about poetry , civil and political freedoms dragged on until the evening to the people of Vilny. partnership" and the disgraced E. Boratinsky, with whom at that time he greatly collaborated (the marvelous picture of E. Boratinsky). Delvig has a marvelous gift to recognize the gift of writing and to help with it, with which only one can! I want glory, twisted the hvilina in a friendly manner with E. Boratinsky, helping M. M. Yazikov with the other vertices.

V. A. Zhukovsky - himself a kind genius of talents - highly values ​​this spiritual quality of Delvig: do not be late, be understanding, be responsive, give respect and kindness, a bit of a short-sighted laugh to everyone, Who's gone away...

Delvig himself wrote the following lines in the sonnet in his testimony to N. M. Yazikov:

Since the early rocks, I'm half-hearted

I save in my soul, for all the gods,

I crave for the presenting spivaks,

I know that love is ahead of schedule.

This pre-emptive deterioration was most often expressed in the fact that the gift of Delvig’s poetic friends was valued more, less than its own particularity. The worst are those that critics said in the past that half of Delvig’s verses were written by Boratinsky, the other half by Pushkin. Delvig's modesty has served him well.

On May 6, 1820, Delvig escorted O. Pushkin on his way to Odessa, and later to Mikhailovsky. And constantly writing to you, encouraging, cheerful, cheerful, sharing all the latest St. Petersburg news and the news of Pushkin’s father’s family, with whom we are a friendly land, drinking about literature plans: Many of these sheets were not preserved and did not reach us.

They would be allowed to devote themselves to the entire investigation. This is an effective written monument to what is called true friendship, which has licked and is licking from us, the followers, the sandstones, there in the depths, in the shadows of the alleys, in the dimly lit candles, fireplaces, the creaking of a fine goose feather across the white arches: rows of many leaves: “Dear Delvig, I have taken away all your leaves and thank you for everything. I thank you for the lasting legacy of our friendship:” (Pushkin - A.A. Delvig 16 leaf fall 18 23 roku.)

Dear Pushkin, I have torn away your message and “Proserpina”, and I have also torn away the same day for you for them. “Proserpina” is not the verses, but the music: the song of the bird of paradise, who, hearing, will not care, as a thousand fates have passed: “Whose leaf and business thoughts - Delvig goes on to Pushkin as a witness: “It’s busy now pennies. If you want to give another view of “Ruslan”, “Branets” and, if possible, “Bakhchisarai Fountain”, then you have to give me my confidence. Ask three booksellers for this price; You know, I can make a trade between them and see your handicraft. Vidannya will be garni. I guarantee it." (Delvig to Pushkin. 10th spring 1824.)

Anton Antonovich was invariably deeply worried and worried about his friend. Already in Mikhailovsk before Pushkin the most important leaf:

“Great Pushkin, little child! Go, like Yishov, do what you want, but don’t be angry with the world of people and end up with them! It’s important for you to take revenge. what without barking for you Vorontsov, on whom all the bumps fell. Live better than the hour of your expulsion. Having sold other copies of your works, I will send you pennies and whatever you want, new books and reading, I won’t die for it. point її:"

Anton Antonovich spent the entire hour getting ready to see his friend in Mikhailovsky, but the literary and literary issues were being bothered, and then illness struck. Mikhailivske Delvig spent more than 18-19 quarters of 1824. Pushkin used to be radiant and invisible. Intimate conversations began, discussions about further publications of the almanac “Pivnichny Kviti”, and a report analysis of all literary novelties. The warehouse of the new collection of works by Pushkin was specified. We dined, guessed the fortunes of our friends, played billiards, and walked. And in the evenings they went to Trigorsky, to the sushiki - Pannochka Osipovykh - Wulf for raspberry pie with tea and punch.

The entire Osipov family - Wulf unanimously fell into the good-natured, cheerful, wise-cracking Delvig, who spent the entire hour throwing a funny pince-nez on a cord into the grass. Paraska Oleksandrivna Osipova's youngest children, Maria and Evpraxia Delvig, loved to go around on the goyalkas and affectionately called them “little friends.” And they didn’t believe in anything new in their souls. An hour flew by endlessly. Already on the 26th quarter of 1824, Delvig departed from Mikhailovsky to St. Petersburg.

And shortly after, when Paraska Oleksandrivna was hotly dismissed, and Delvig was called in the Movchanna, he informed: “Here the confusion and the confusion of happiness have become mixed up. Your acquaintance Delvig is making friends with like a sheep, who has loved for a long time - with Saltikov’s daughter," (* Literary center, member what kind of life Pushkin has ever learned at the Lyceum - author).

Sofia Mikhailivna Saltikova was only 19 years old at that time. Her mother died, that is, a gentleman of strong-willed views, a writer and a hospitable man, having lived out her century in Moscow. Sofia Mikhailovna was intelligent, charming, loved literature and, most of all, Pushkin. Vaughn wrote to a friend: “It’s impossible to be more mindful than Pushkin - I adore him. Delvig is a charming young gentleman, very modest, does not show off his beauty; what suits me is that he should wear eyepieces. to the eyepieces Anton himself" Antonovich He said ironically: “At the Lyceum they stopped me from wearing eyepieces, but then all the women seemed beautiful to me;” I was so disappointed in them that I let them go."

If I had once been friends with Saltikova, my disappointment would have ended. Youth, charm, a slippery temperament, a flamboyant penmanship, natural kindness - all this endowed the young Baroness Delvig with great respect among her friends: writers, booksellers, in, which was their monastery. Buli and shanuvalniks, but about that - in front.

Sofia Mikhailovna tried to create an undisturbed atmosphere of friendly gatherings and fun in her salon. Musical evenings were often held, romances based on the verses of Yazikov, Pushkin and Delvig were performed. After the young composer Alyab’ev wrote music based on the words of his poem “The Nightingale,” the whole of Russia sang the romance.

Delvig, as a poet, became famous for his “Idylls” - verses in the style of ancient poetry. It has often been thought that these are the translations of Theocritus, Horace and Virgil: And these were the fruits of Delvig himself.

Pushkin wrote about his friend’s work: “Delvig’s idyls are less remarkable. How powerful is the power to move from the 19th century to the golden centenary period and how unusually refined, so guess Greek poetry through Latin qiu luxury, qiu nasolda , this beauty is more negative, less positive, which does not allow anything tense in the senses, lost in thoughts;

(A. S. Pushkin. Sorrows from leaves, thoughts and respect. 1827 r.)

Delvig is already known as a subtle and merciless critic who examines every literary novelty: a novel, therefore, a story, verses, and especially translations. Sometimes he wrote bitterly: “You welcome books like an oasis in the African steppe. Why are there not a lot of books in Russia? You can read more from the forests.”... Isn’t it true, does it sound very sad?

Although Literaturna Gazeta often resisted the attacks of Bulgarin’s “Pivnichnaya Bjoli”, Delvig firmly defended his criticism and hostility to Bulgarin’s novel “Ivan Vizhigin,” which was received with a bang by the unfavorable public. A melodramatic, empty - tearful novel about the benefits of a kindly hero could not begin to inspire a positive attitude from a person and a writer, who was famous for his subtle, powerful relish and professional view of literature! Delvig could not lie. Vin wrote:

"Literaturna Gazeta" is objective, you see, we've been wanting it for a long time now. F. B.* (* F. Bulgarin - author.) having written a novel; I don’t have the strength to praise “I. Vizhigin” and “Dmitry the Pretender”!” (A. A. Delvig. A response to the criticism of “Pivnichnaya Bjoli.”)

Delvig in his newspaper often published the works of the infamous Pushkin and the “totally” disgraced Kuchelbecker, vitriolous attacks and dissatisfaction with the Censorship Committee. Letters and explanations from the censor and from the chief of gendarmes himself, Count Benckendorff, dragged on for hours to the point of infinity.

A fierce literary - magazine battle and turbot about the family - in the spring of 1830, Delvig gave birth to Don Elizaveta - the poet was ideally suited for an hour. It’s almost time to calmly sit down at the writing table in order to chair three poetic rows. The Syrian climate of St. Petersburg was not quite suitable for Delvig, because he got cold and often fell ill, otherwise he could not go anywhere - they were affected by the old turbos and the marriage of goods. It was even more difficult for Anton Antonovich to experience separation from his friends, so that he could remain together with the “Decembrist tribe”: Pushchin, Kuchelbecker, Bestuzhov, Yakushkin: Trying to come to their aid with sheets, parcels, everything in a moment. This also screamed quiet dissatisfaction with the authorities.

The official cause of Delvig's death is believed to be the still difficult divorce from Count Benckendorff, who was in the fall of the leaves in 1830. Benckendorff called Delvig in disobedience to the government, instigating illegal actions in the Literaturnaya Gazeta and threatening envoys to Siberia.

Delvig behaved so gracefully and cold-bloodedly that, at the end of the day, the noble count, having guessed the nobleman’s dishonesty, would be indignant: Delvig quietly left the office. But when he turned home, he suddenly suffered from an attack of nervous fever, and his leg became inflamed.

The reason was unofficial, but more emotionally intelligent, due to the banal friendship of friends.

For advice E.A. Boratinsky, (little known and have never been published in life!) Versh, turning home at a nervous time, finding the baroness wearing a black robe. The innocent became the guilty. Serious conflicts due to the divorce from Benckendorff and family drama led to a serious attack of nervous fever. Everything was complicated by the cold. May 2nd of the month Delvig will spend time at the bedside. One darkness, such relief, was replaced by two nights of attacks of cough, chills and fever. Doctors tried to relieve the suffering of the sick, but without success.

On the 14th of 1831, Anton Delvig passed away: He died without coming to his senses, whispering in the madder fever the same thing: “Sonya, what did you earn this for?!” A beautifully decorated yalinka was bubblingly taken from the house. The mirrors hung like black living things. The candles were lit. I wish I had a window open in my chair. A gust of wind blew out the candle. For a second everything went dark in the dark. And then I felt a song: Sofia Mikhailovna did not leave the rest of the days from the man’s bed, bursting with tears and stroking his cold hands, with an oxamite contralto trying to bring the first rows to the romance:

"My nightingale, nightingale!

Where are you going, where are you going?

Where are you sleeping all the time?.."

PS A few months after Delvig’s death, Baroness Sofia Mikhailovna Delvig married the brother of the poet Boratinsky, Sergei Abramovich. In the late years, Baron Delvig was the robber of some outpost at his booth. All her sleep, Sofia Mikhailovna could not hold back her tears, sensing the first tactics of “Nightingale.” At the Boratinskys' cottage - in the Muranovo garden, this romance never ended. Sofia Mikhailovna respected the fact that it was impossible to mix the past life with the present. Perhaps, there is a small radio.

→

Anton Makarskiy Anton Makarskiy

Anton Makarsky is a popular Russian singer, theater and cinema actor. Born on November 26, 1975. As a film actor, Anton Makarsky made his debut in Art.

Anton Antonovich Delvig (6 (17) September 1798, Moscow - 14 (26) September 1831, St. Petersburg) - baron, Russian singer, apparently friend and classmate of A. S. Pushkin.
Biography
My father served in the Russian service and former friendships with the Russian one. In 1811, Delvig's family entered the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum; Having started lazily, but having started writing poems early, and already in 1814, the smell appeared in the press, in the “Bulletin of Europe” (“On the Taking of Paris” - signed by Rosiysk).
Having completed the course with the first graduation from the lyceum, in 1817, and before graduation, he wrote the poem “Six Rocks,” which was directed, set to music, and sung more than once by lyceum students. Having served in the department of mineral and salt certificates, transfer to the office of the Ministry of Finance; From 1821 to 1825 he was assistant librarian (I. A. Krilov) in the Imperial Public Library. Then, until his death, he served at the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Addresses in St. Petersburg
10.1825 – 09.1826 roku – budinok Ebeling – Millionna street, 26;
11.1829 – 01.14.1831 fate – Tichinkin’s budinok, - Zamiskiy Avenue, 1.
Creativity
The verses were drawn from the “Russian Museum” (1815), “New Literature”, “Blagonamirny”, “Significants of Light” and almanacs of the 1820s.
In 1825 r. Delvig became friends with S. M. Saltikov, and literary evenings began, where friends of the poet were gathered: Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Baratinsky, Pletnyov, Yazikov. At this time, he began his activity: in 1825-1832. together with O. M. Somov, he published 8 books in the almanac “Pivnichny Kviti”, in 1829-1830. - 2 books of the almanac “Prolisok”, from 1830 r. having collected the news of the Literaturnaya Gazeta, which was painful after death.
“Lazy little ball” both at school and in his work, Delvig is the same way without a turbo and to his music. I wrote very little. Lions, perhaps, have hidden a lot and are about to start singing.
Tim is no less likely to bury himself; The subject of one of them was S. D. Ponomarova, who dedicated a number of vertices. Delvig's poetry developed in two straight lines. On the one hand, having been a Hellenic and inherited by the ancients, writing anthological verses, idyls with the relish of Theocritus and then; On the other hand, I fell in love with Russian folk poetry and inherited the folk lyric song, sometimes not without success. Both here and there, however, he sounds German sentimental good-naturedness and German melancholy thoughtfulness, which brings him to the school of romantics. Delvig's tops are smooth and diligent, but not smiley or bright.
Having been the closest person to A.S. Pushkin; that one, hugging his friend highly as he sings.

Delvig Anton Antonovich was born in Moscow on September 6, 1798. “Vidomy, like a Russian man,” sings that close friend of A. Pushkin.

Pochatkov's education for Anton Antonovich was provided in one of the capital's private boarding houses. In 1811, the son of the future poet was admitted to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. The discussion began without much enthusiasm, but the publications indicated that it had been buried in ancient literature. At the initial stage, they collaborated with V. Küchelbecker and A. Pushkin, with whom they continued to live their lives. The first literary works of Anton Antonovich were successful: he was the first among the lyceists to begin to be published, and he himself was the first to propagate Pushkin’s works.

Having entered the service of the Department of Salt and Geographical Records, serving in the office of the Ministry of Finance. 1821 had a number of translations to the Public Library, but its laziness and lack of quality caused dissatisfaction with the authorities. In 1825, Delvig was sent to the exposition. Having spent years serving in various departments, he did not show great diligence there.

In 1819, Delvig, Pushkin, Küchelbecker and Baratinsky created the “Possible Purchase” partnership. Opponents called this union bacchanalian poets for their immersion in the theme of a turbo-free approach to life. At the verses, which they constantly exchanged, surpassing the cult of friendship and poetic independence.

From 1810 to the beginning of 1820, he was a frequent guest of Masonic and literary gatherings, such as the present December Decembrists. Without taking the same fate from those partnerships and without making radical changes. Tim is not less, sent and arrested, as they inherited the uprising of the 14th anniversary, taking over the drama of power.

At the beginning of the 1820s, I became obsessed with S. Ponomareva, the leader of the literary salon and the supporter of rich writers. Addressing her impersonal verts. In 1824, S. Ponomarova soon retired from life. Through the river, he became friends with S. Saltikova and often held literary and musical evenings in his booth. The family’s life was not far away due to Saltikova’s spluttering character. Having dedicated a single verse to the squad - “For what, for what did you fight...”.

Anton Delvig, having lost some poetic scruples. Vidomy is the author of lyrical genres (romances, elegies, epistles), being considered a master of sophisticated literary form (anthological poems, sonnets, etc.). The themes for their “Russian songs”, written on the basis of folk art, took the form of misfortune, evil, separation. Especially in your opinion, create “Not the autumnal part of the plank” and “My nightingale, nightingale.” “Russian songs” and idylls secured Anton Antonovich’s place among the most prominent poets of his time. In 1825-1831 we saw the almanac “Pivnichny kviti”.

Sings revealing the unconditional responsibilities of the organizer. Having recruited Moscow and St. Petersburg authors to participate in his almanac. Delvig himself wrote and published reviews and critical articles in “Pivnichnye Kolorakh”. 1829 rock saw the almanac “Prolisok”, a collection of powerful works. Anton Antonovich became the editor of the “Literary Gazette”, which is the polemical body of writers, who were known as “literary aristocrats”.

The right hand side had no problems with the head of the third branch of A. Benckendorf. As a result, in 1830, the newspaper was closed. It was not possible to update the version edited by O. Somov. The problems with Literaturnaya Gazeta and family seriously affected Delvig’s health.