The latest history of Virmenia: from the prehistoric doby to the collapse of the Urartu state. An old land on the territory of Virmenia Formation of the Virmenian people

The people of Virmen and the land of Virmen, like their madness, have been emerging since recent times. The greatest riddles about Virmenia are found in the cuneiform writings of the Persian king Darius (522-426 BC). Xenophon speaks about Virmenia in the 6th century BC. e. The National School respects that the history of ancient Virginia begins with Hayk, the fifth-generation son of the biblical Noah. Some ancient Greek historians attributed the name “Virmenia” to one of the Argonauts, Armenos Tesalsky, who also traced the history of the Virmens to prehistoric times.
The hieroglyphic records of Manetho (Egypt, the end of the 4th - first half of the 3rd century BC), as well as the Bishutian and Assyrian cuneiforms, tell us about ancient Virmenia, as about a land that protects its independence from everything what wars against the ever-fading armor of the great conquerors of the world. And in fact, moving between Rome and Parthia, who were constantly conquering one after another, it was not easy for the Romans.

At that time, when the present peoples - the Mari, Persians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans - shone on the historical horizon like mighty stars, now brightening, now with dark light, - Virmenia, not looming over the grave Pragnen, maybe not at all was seen as an omnipotent and internationally significant power, wanting the people of Vermen to become the elders for the actions of these peoples, and to claim their native land. Only the royal family of Arshakun - the third branch of the Parthian Arsacids - briefly had the names of such conquerors as Vagharshak, Artashes and the Great Tigran. The most glorious hours for Virmenia were the hours of Tigranes the Great, who ruled 40 rocks, and during the hour of his reign increased the territory of Great Virmenia from 300,000 to 3,000,000 km2.
But ancient times gave more priority to peaceful life and developed their merchantry, agriculture and crafts. The well-excused art was pottery, kilimar, jewelry, weaving, forging on the right, carving on stone and wood, skinning on the right, and also carving. The images of the first coins of ancient Virmenia - halki, which were issued in the 3rd century BC, have been preserved. kings Sames, Arsham I, Arsham II, Xerxes and Abdisares. The halqas were made from the middle and decorated in the Hellenistic style. The obverse side of the coin depicts the profile of the king wearing a crown. On the gate there are carved images that describe the king, as well as writing in walnut.
At that very hour, rejoicing began to develop. For a long time, Virmenia was famous for its medicinal herbs, which gained popularity in other countries. In the 1st century BC In ancient times, Virmenia had gardens for growing medicinal plants. In the medicine of ancient Virmenia, the world used such preparations as ammonia, Virmen clay, borax, etc.

Prehistoric era

During the course of excavations on the historical, as well as on the current territory of Virmenia, a number of archaeological monuments were found that testify to the activity of people. These are the burial grounds, the butovo beginning, the work, the military arrangement, etc. Not far from the place of Sisian there is the Karahunj complex, which has a spore of large stones, on the upper part of which there are round openings. The idea is that this is an old observatory. The spore was built to be approximately 5.7 thousand. – 2 thousand. r.r. BC
On the birch of Lake Sevan, on the territory of the village of Lchashen, monuments of the pre-Urartian period were discovered, which are a fortification of cyclopean masonry, burial grounds and earthen burial grounds. It is reported that the complex dates back to the 3rd millennium BC. Also, in various places of the Virmensky mountain, traces of ancient people were found: stones were built and stoves lived. Traces of people dating back to the Bronze Age period, as well as traces of their activity (sporudi stones, traces of giant fortresses) were discovered in the Shengavit area of ​​Yerevan.
On the territory of present-day Yerevan, on the Arin-Berd mountain, there are the ruins of the ancient Urartian city of Erebuni, which was founded by King Argishti I. Linguists have established that Yerevan and Erebuni have the same meaning (residence of the father), therefore the fate of the sleep of Yerevan is respected by the river of the sleep of Yerebun - 782 rub. BC On the territory of Artashat, the great capital of Virmenia, founded by Artashes, during the excavation of the fortification wall, fragments of household items were found. Among them: crucian carp and other ceramic species that lie as far as Urartu.

Formation of the Virmen people

Similar to Virmen mythology, Virmen’s great-grandfather is Hayk, Noah’s great-grandson (Noah-Jafet-Homer-Tiras-Torgom-Hayk).
There are two scientific hypotheses, one of which suggests that the formation of the Virmen people dates back to the end of the 2nd millennium - the beginning of the 6th century BC. During this period, the Virmen tribes lived at the ancient gathering of the Virmen mountain (Maliy Hayk). According to one hypothesis, the stinks arrived here from the Balkans, and according to another, from Asia Minor. In the XIII - XII centuries BC. Near Lake Van, an alliance of Naira tribes was formed, which included the Virmians, the Kheti, the Hurrians and the Luwians, who fought against the constant raids of the Assyrians. Over the course of time, this alliance was transformed into the Urartian state on the basis of the Urartian Empire. Later, the proto-Virmian language spread throughout the territory of Great Ayku.
Today, Virmenia is more in favor of another hypothesis, in which ethnic peoples began to inhabit the Virmenia highlands much earlier.

Power of Hayas XVI - XIII centuries BC

According to previous studies, “Hayasa” is composed of the Värmen word Hay (haya, virmen) and the Khêt suffix asa (country), and is translated as “the land of värmen.” The power of Hayas occupied the territory of Nishny Turechchina (Zakhidna Virmenia). The Virmen language was the main state of Hayasi. The capital of Hayasi was the place of Kummaha, later - Kemmaha, which was expanded along the Efratu turns. At 1405 – 1380 pp. BC There was a long war between Hayasi and the Kheti for the Hayasi province of Tsopk. At this time, the army of Karani - the attacker of the Hayasian king Marias - repeatedly attacked and devastated the kingdom of Hetka. After the great attack, Karanni buried and burned the capital of the Hetish kingdom of Hattusa. The struggle lasted until 1317 BC, until the Kheti suffered several serious defeats under the fortress of Ur and under Kanuvara.
As a result of constant wars with the Hittites and raids by the Hurrians, the State of Hayas lost its strength. This was the case until the beginning of the 13th century. BC It fell apart as the territory went to the Hurrian tribes.

Power of Urartu XIII - VI centuries BC

After the disintegration of Hayas, on the territory of the Virmen mountainous region, several different tribes were created, which can be called “Nairi”. These tribes competed one with one, trying to establish their status throughout the Virmen region. Alas, looming the sleeping enemy - Assyria, they have united in one power. So it was in the 13th – 12th centuries that a union of Naira tribes was formed near Lake Van, which later became the basis of the Urartian state on the side of the Urartian Empire. During the period of formation of the Virmen people, the Urartians spoke the old Virmen language and became the main genetic component of the Virmen people.
One of the famous kings of Urartu was Rusa II, who ruled from 684 to 645. BC During the period of his reign, the ancient part of the mountain - the Ararat Valley - was forgotten, and in the ancient part the fort of Teishebaina was destroyed. After the death of Rus' II, Urartu gradually lost its strength. A number of kings changed on the throne, and their reign led to new conquests and the renewal of the territorial integrity of Urartu. Closer to 580 BC
Urartu remained firmly established as a power, and its territory was buried by the Scythians and Cimmerians.

Ancient land on the territory of Virmenia

Persha letter "u"

Another letter "r"

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Reply to the article “Old land on the territory of Virmenia”, 6th letter:
Urartu

Alternative foods in crossword puzzles for the word Urartu

in. country on the territory of Virmenia

An old power, the first part of the name is like a battle call, and the other is ordered to be placed before the chewing organs

Ancient land, enemy of Assyria

Long-time power IX-VI centuries. to sound e. on the territory of the Virmensky mountain

An old power on the territory of Virmenia, its history has been lost to us

Ancient power

Meaning of Urartu words in dictionaries

New tlumach-verbal dictionary of Russian, T. F. Efremova. The meaning of the word in the dictionary New Tlumachno-Vorbal Dictionary of Russian, T. F. Efremova.
pl. several The most ancient power IX-VI Art. That is, that the white of the Virmensky mountain was growing.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998 Meaning of words in the vocabulary Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
long-standing power 9-6 tbsp. to sound e. on the territory of the Virmen mountain (including the territory of the village of Virmenia). The capital is Tushpa. At 13-11 st. to sound e. union of tribes. Rozkvit – kin. 9 – 1st forgery. 8 tbsp. to sound e. (kings: Menua, Argishti I, Sarduri II and others). Bicycle trival...

Great Radyanska Encyclopedia The meaning of the word in the vocabulary of the Great Radyanska Encyclopedia
(Asir name; Urartian √ Bіaynili, biblical √ “kingdom of Ararat”), a power in Western Asia in 9–6 centuries. to sound That is, which during the period of its power covered all the Virmensky mountains (the territory that is included between the USSR, Turkey and Iran). Population U.

Wikipedia Meaning of the word in the Wikipedia dictionary
The Basketball Club of Urartu created in 2016 on the basis of the national team of Virmenia, which won the European Championship among small countries. Take your fate...

Apply the Urartu words to literature.

How do you advertise this to the Vasi of the Power of Hours? Urartu, get away from shopping.

Nina's most courageous descendants left the Proto-Slavic state Urartu, The leading currents of our civilization until the third millennium BC, when the corrupt movement of the Aryan peoples began through the Black Sea steppes at sunset.

The history of Ancient Europe contains more than a thousand fates, and the times themselves lived long before the emergence of the modern nation of Europe. The stinks existed even before the appearance of ancient peoples - the Romans and Hellenes.

First riddles

In the cuneiform writings of the Persian rulers, the name “Armenia” appears. This is also how Herodotus predicts “armen” from his ancestors. According to one version, this is the Indo-European people who migrated from Europe in the 12th century. to sound e.

Another hypothesis confirms that the rightful tribal ancestors dated back to 4-3 thousand years BC. The stench itself, which confirms the actions of the past, is expressed in the poem “Iliad” by Homer under the name “arimi”.

One of the names of Ancient Virmenia is Hai, - according to the propositions of the ancients, it is similar to the name of the people “Hayashi”. This name appears on the clay Hittite tablets of the 2nd millennium BC. That is, discovered during archaeological excavations of Hattusa, the ancient capital of the Kheti.

And it is reported that the Assyrians called this territory the marginal river - Nairi. According to one hypothesis, there were 60 different peoples before her.

On the cob of the 9th century. to sound That is, the kingdom of Urartu with its capital Van became stronger. It is important that the Radyansky Union is the oldest power on the territory. The civilization of Urartu, which became the invaders of the time, was to remain in ruins. It was founded by writing, based on Babylonian-Assyrian cuneiform, agriculture, animal husbandry, metallurgy.

Urartu was famous for its technology of building impregnable fortresses. There were two of them on the territory of current Yerevan. Persha - Erebuni, was inspired by one of the first kings of Argishti. She herself gave the name to the current capital Virmenia. Druga - Teishebaini, founded by King Rus II (685-645 BC). It was true that he was the remaining ruler of Urartu. The state could not resist the oppression of Assyria and once again perished under its scourge.

In its place a new power came. The first kings of Ancient Virmenia - Eruand and Tigran. There is no need to confuse the remaining famous ruler Tigran the Great, who later brought fear to the Roman Empire and created a great empire at the Gathering. A new people has appeared, having become a successor to the assimilation of the Indian Europeans from the local ancient tribes of Khayami and Urartu. A new power has emerged - Virmenia, an ancient one with its own culture, mine.

Vasali Persiv

In its time, Persia was a mighty power. All the peoples who lived in Asia Minor submitted to them. This share also spread the Virmen kingdom. The Persians' suffering from them lasted for over two centuries (550-330 rubles).

Greek historians about Virmenia of the Persians

Virmenia is an ancient civilization. This is confirmed by many historians of antiquity, for example, Xenophon in the 5th century. BC e. As a participant, the author of “Anabasis” described the approach of 10 thousand Greeks to the Black Sea through the country called Virmenia Ancient. The Greeks apologized for the ruler's activity, and will continue to do so. The smells were everywhere in these parts of wheat, barley, aromatic wines, lard, carved olives - pistachio, sesame, almond. The ancient Hellenes also grew rodzinki and pod fruits here. Together with the products of the forest, we bred our own animals: cattle, cows, pigs, chickens, horses. Xenophon's tributes tell people that people who procrastinate in this place will be punished in economic terms. The variability of different products varies from person to person. The Virmen themselves extracted food products, and were actively engaged in trade from their lands. Of course, Xenophon, without saying anything about the price, oversaw several products that do not grow on this territory.

Strabo in the 1st century n. That is, it informs that ancient Virmenia is not enough good pasture for horses. The country did not yield to the Medes on this plan, but gave horses to the Persians. Strabo remembers about the obligations of the Vermenian satraps, the administrative governors of the reign of the Persians, about the obligations to worship about two thousand young horses in honor of the famous holy day of Mitri.

Virmen wars from a long time ago

The historian Herodotus (5th century AD) described the Virmen warriors of that era, their creation. The soldiers wore small shields, small short coats, swords, and darts. There are wicker sholomas on their heads, and high boots have a stench.

Conquest of Virmenia by Alexander the Great

The era of Alexander the Great redrawn the entire map of the Mediterranean. All the lands of the great Persian Empire were converted into a new political unification under the rule of Macedonia.

After the death of Alexander the Great, the state disintegrates. At the gathering, the Seleucid state is established. Once a single territory of a single people was divided into three surrounding areas at the heart of the new land: Great Virmenia, which is located on the Ararat Plain, Sophene - between the Euphrates and the upper reaches of the Tigris and Mala Vir Menia - between the Euphrates and the upper current of the Likos.

The history of ancient Virginia, although we want to talk about a permanent state of indolence from other powers, shows that it was deprived of the nourishment of modern politics, which favorably contributed to the development of a future power. This was a kind of prototype of an autonomous republic in the warehouse of an empire that was replaced one by one.

Most often they were called basileus, that is. kings. The stench saved the formality of the staleness, pouring into the center of the day during the military hour. Neither the Persians nor the Hellenistic Seleucid power tried to penetrate the internal structure of the world. Just as the former cared for almost all of their remote territories, the law-breakers of the Greeks always changed the internal structure of the indigenous peoples, imposing on them “democratic values” and a special order.

Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, unification of Virmenia

After the defeat of the Seleucids against Rome, the times acquired a moment of independence. After the war with the Hellenes, Rome was still ready to begin new conquests of peoples. We are one and the same people. Efforts began to renew a single power, which was called “The Age of Old.”

Volodar of Great Virmenia Artashes voted himself an independent king Artashes I. He united all the lands that belonged to one mine, including Lesser Virmenia. The remaining region of Sophen became a new state later, after 70 years, under the famous ruler Tigran the Great.

Residual formation of the Virmen nationality

It is important to note that behind the new dynasty of the Artashesids a great historical concept arose - the formation of nationality in conjunction with its own culture. The great influx of little justice on them was with the peoples who were guilty of Hellenism. The carving of old coins with Greek inscriptions spoke of a strong influx of money into culture and trade.

Artashat - the capital of the ancient power of Great Virmenia

During the reign of the Artashesid dynasty, the first great places appeared. Among them is the town of Artashat, which became the first capital of the new state. Translated from Greek, it means “the joy of Artaxia.”

The new capital had a small geographical location in that era. The boat was transported along the main road to the ports of the Black Sea. The time when the place appeared was due to the improvement of overland trade connections between Asia and India and China. Artashat became a great trade and political center. Plutarch highly appreciated the role of the place. He gave it the status of “Carthage of Virmenia”, which in the modern translation meant the place that unites all the neighboring lands. All Mediterranean powers knew about the beauty and luxury of Artashat.

Rozkvit of the Virmen kingdom

The history of Virmenia from recent times highlights the power of this power. The golden century marks the end of the reign of Tigran the Great (95-55 r.), the son of the founder of the famous dynasty of Artashes I. Tigranakert became the capital of the state. This place became one of the leading centers of science, literature and mysticism in the entire Ancient world. The most famous Greek actors performed at the local theater, famous historians and historians were frequent guests of Tigran the Great. One of them is the philosopher Metrodorus, who was once an enemy of the Roman Empire, which grew.

Virmenia became part of the world of Hellenism. Greek language penetrated into the aristocratic elite.

Virmenia is a unique part of Hellenistic culture

Virmenia I BC e. - The leading power of the world has been blamed. She took all the best that the world had - culture, science, mysticism. Great Tigran developed theaters and schools. Virmenia was not only a cultural center of Hellenism, but also a strong power in economic terms. Trade, industry, and crafts grew. The only power that stood out was that it did not adopt the system of slavery that the Greeks and Romans did. All lands were cultivated by rural communities, whose members were free.

The empire of Tigran the Great spread over a large territory. There was an empire that dominated most of the Caspian to the Mediterranean Seas. The vast majority of peoples and powers became their vassals: at last - Tsibaniya, Iberia, at the last gathering - Parthia and Arab tribes.

Conquest by Rome, end of the Virmen Empire

The rise of Virmenia ended with the rise of another similar power on the territory of the former Soviet Socialist Republic - Pontus, along with Mithridates. After long wars with Rome, Pont also lost its independence. Virmenia was with good-natured ships from Mithridates. After this defeat, she lost her life with mighty Rome.

After the troubling wars, a single Virmen Empire in 69-66 r.r. to sound e. fell apart. Under the control of Tigran, she lost herself and was stunned by the “friend and ally” of Rome. This is what all the roots of the power were called. In fact, the country has turned into a damn province.

After entering, the ancient stage of sovereignty begins. The country fell apart, its lands were taken over by other powers, and the local population was constantly in conflict with one another.

Virmen alphabet

In recent times, writing has been developed based on the Babylonian-Assyrian cuneiform. In the era of the expansion of Virmenia, during the hours of Tigran the Great, the region began to completely cross the line in business. Archaeologists recognize Greek writing on coins.

The creations of Mesrop Mashtots are remarkably numerous – 405 years old. Initially, it consists of 36 letters: 7 voices and 29 voices.

The main 4 graphic forms of the Vermen sheet - erkatagir, bolorgir, shkhagir and notrgir - developed only in the Middle Ages.