Ancient Athens. Early Athens What was felt in ancient Athens

The place of Ancient Greece with its famous Acropolis, Athens, became a symbol of ancient civilization and occupied a central place in the life of the Greeks. The life of Athens began with the creation of the Peloponnesian palaces in Mycenaean wealth. The place grew and over the years began to respect all Greek honors and to claim unchallenged authority, so that after the defeat in the Pelononian War, the Spartans were inspired to ruin the place and force the inhabitants.

History of the Athenian Empire

Evidence of the founding of a historical settlement in Acropolis was found in the town of Agora. It is assumed that there were settlements as early as 5000, and possibly as early as 7000 BC. According to the legend, the Athenian king Cecrops named the place in his honor, and from Olympus it was clear that the place was so famous that it deserved the immortal name.

Poseidon struck the skeleton with his trident, water rushed out from the stars, and the people sang, so that now the stink no longer suffers from the dryness.

Athena was still there, she sowed in the ground, from where the olive tree grew. The ancient Greeks respected that the olive tree was more valuable than the water, and the salty fragments from the kingdom of Poseidon. І Athena was chosen as the patroness of the place, and in the names of its names.

The main features of the founding of the place of Ancient Greece were rural dominion and trade, especially by sea. Towards the hour of the Mycenaean era (around 1550-1100 BC) a mass everyday life of massive fortresses began throughout Greece, and Athens was not the culprit. The ruins of the Mycenaean court can still be seen today in the Acropolis.

Homer in the Iliad and Odyssey portrays the Mycenaeans as great warriors and seafarers who traded in the Aegean and Mediterranean seas. At 1200 rub. BC The Sea Peoples invaded the Greek archipelago of the Aegean Sea from daylight, when the Dorians arrived overnight from mainland Greece. When the Mycenaeans invaded Attica (the region that is home to Athens), the Dorians left the place, leaving the place of Ancient Greece unoccupied. Although in other parts of the ancient civilization after the invasion there was an economic and cultural decline. The Athenians then began to lay claim to a special status in the Ionian Sea.

The origin of democracy in Ancient Greece

Erechtheion, Ancient Greece, Athens

Possible aristocrats established control over the lands, and over time the poor landowners became involuntarily wealthy citizens. The reason for this was the different understanding of the laws of the place of Ancient Greece. One part of the legislation, presented in the writings of the sovereign officer Draco, was taken into account for the Viconn, and for most violations there was a death penalty.

The great lawgiver Solon called to take a look and change them. Solon, although he himself lived in the aristocratic cells, having seen a series of laws that granted the right to vote in the hour of political power to the citizens. Tim himself laid the foundation for democracy in Athens at 594 rubles. BC

After Solon stood aside from the sovereign rights, various factional leaders began to share power. The Pesistratus moved, having recognized the value of Solon’s laws and called for them to be consigned to the unchangeable view. Yogo's son, Hypipiy, having continued his political journey, and his younger brother, Hipparkos, without killing 514 rubles. BC following Sparti's orders. After the coup in Ancient Greece and the regulation of food with the Spartans, Cleisthenes was appointed to reform the order and legislative base. At 507 rub. BC having introduced a new form of government, which is today recognized as a democratic regime.

In the words of the historian Waterfield:

“Pride in the fact that the citizens of Athens could now share in the common life gave great impetus for the development of their place.”.

The new form of government ensured stability and the necessary prosperity of Athens as a cultural and intellectual center of the ancient world.”

The Age of Pericles in Athens

Athens

For Pericles, Athens entered the golden century, which was marked by a cultural upsurge that accompanies the emergence of great thinkers, writers and artists.

After that, the Athenians achieved victory over the Persians in the Battle of Marathon in 490 rubles. BC, and emerged from another Persian invasion in Salamis in 480 r. BC . A business union of formations for the creation of a united defense of the local powers of the ancient civilization to prevent attacks from the Persians. Under the reign of Pericles, Athens earned such authority that they could impose powerful laws, enforce laws, and trade with ships in Attica on the islands of the Aegean Sea.

The period of the reign of the Revolution to the history of ancient Greece is like the golden age of philosophy, artistic and literary history, the expansion of Athens. Herodotus, “Father’s Stories”, having written his immortal works in Athens. Socrates, "Father of Philosophy", published in Athens. Hypocrates, “Father of Medicine”, practicing in the capital of ancient civilization. Sculptor Fidiy having created his most beautiful works for the Acropolis, the temple of Zeus and Olympia. The Democrat conducted research and realized that the whole world is made up of atoms. Aeschylus Eurypyla, Aristophanes and Sophocles wrote their famous songs. Plato having created an academy of sciences near Athens in 385 rubles. BC Aristotle falling asleep Lyceum near the center of the place.

Fighting battles of Athens

The strength of the Athenian Empire became a threat to the neighboring powers. After Athens sent troops to assist the Spartan armies in order to suppress the rebellion of Helot, Sparta urged the ancient Greeks to abandon the battlefield and return home. The incident provoked a war that had been brewing for a long time.

Later, when the city of Ancient Greece sent its fleet to defend its ally Sosug (Confu) against the Corinthian invasion during the Battle of Sybot in 433 r. BC .

The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) between Athens and Sparta, which also affected all the places of Ancient Greece, ended in defeat for Athens.

All cultural monuments were destroyed. In a place that has a reputation as a center of light and culture of all civilization, there is such a phenomenon as a captive population. Athens tried to achieve its goal of becoming an independent power, until the remainder reached 338 rubles. e. the armies of Macedonia under the ceremonial administration of Philip II at Chaeronea.

After the defeat at the Battle of Sinosephali at 197 r. BC The Roman Empire began to advance the conquest of Ancient Greece. There is a legend about those that the Roman commander Sulla, who was dismissed from a high seat in Athens 87 r. BC, he was the organizer of the slaughter of the townspeople of the city and fell to the port of Repey.

In the modern world, Athens preserves the decline of the mysticism of the classical era, poetic and mystical riches. At that time, the Parthenon in the Acropolis continues to symbolize the golden age and the growth of Ancient Greece.

Video Acropolis of Athens in ancient Greece

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ANCIENT ATHENS

"LONG ATHENS"

Olive is a sacred tree for the Greeks, the tree of life. Without it, it is impossible to see the Greek valleys, squeezed between the mountains and the sea, the very rocky mountains, the olive groves interspersed with the vineyards. The olive trees rise to the heights, the stinks begin to smell on the plains, filling the chewy soil with their sap-like greenery. The villages are filled with stench in a tight ring and the streets of the town are lined with trees. Steady and life-loving, olives trace their roots not only to the rocky soil of Greece, but also to the chimeric world of myths and legends.

The people of the sacred tree respect the Acropolis - the hill around which the Greek capital is located. The places of the ancient world were defined by a high rock, and a citadel (acropolis) was built on it, so that the inhabitants would fight in the event of an attack by enemies.

The cob of Athens is spent in hours of unfeeling. The first king of Attica, Kekrop, who arrived in the country in 1825 before our era, stayed on the Acropolis fort with the royal palace. Under Kekrop, a super-church between the god Poseidon and the goddess Athena for the Volunteer Attica was born. The Olympian gods, together with Zeus, acted as judges for this supernatural region when Athena and Poseidon brought their gifts to the place. With the blow of the trident, Poseidon cut the skeleton, and the stone struck the salted dzherel. Athena built her tree deep into the ground, and in its place an olive tree grew. All the gods supported Poseidon, and the goddesses and King Kekrop supported Athena. According to another story, Poseidon, having killed a horse, also knew for the inhabitants of Attica less brown, less olive tree. God sent the wrath of anger to the plain near the place of majestic battles, such as could only be met on the Acropolis. The thunderer Zeus interceded for the townspeople, and the townspeople themselves appeased Poseidon, promising to litigate in his honor the temple on the island of Sunion, which they had duly built.

From the very beginning, the whole place was formed entirely from the fort. It was only then that people began to settle near the Acropolis, flocking here from all over Greece, as the nomadic tribes of the city were approaching. Step by step, groups of budinki settled down here, which were then united at once from the fort to one place. The account, which was followed by Greek historians, indicates that this happened in 1350 BC, and attributes the location to the folk hero Thezeus.

"LONG ATHENS"

Athens lay then in a small valley, outlined by a lance of rocky hills.

The first to transform the Acropolis from a fortress to a sanctuary was the tyrant Volodar Pisistratus. Ale vin, being a reasonable person - having come to power, vin ordered to bring the dead nerves to his palace and asked them why the stench did not disappear. As it became clear that he was a poor man who couldn’t bear to till and sow the field, Pesistratus gave him everything. We appreciate that timidity conceals the threat of speech against his ruler. Having tried to protect the population of Athens with a robot, Pisistratus ignited great excitement in the place. When he arrived at the place of the royal palace of Cecrops, the Hekatompedon was erected, dedicated to the goddess Athena. The Greeks showed such great respect for their patroness that they set free all the slaves who took their share in the temple.

The center of Athens was the Agora - a market square, which was located as a shopping mall; This was the heart of the married life of Athens, here halls for public, military and ship gatherings, churches, churches and theaters were built. During the hours of Pisistratus, the temples of Apollo and Zeus Agorai, the nine-armed fountain of Enneakronos and the Vivtar of the Twelve Gods, which served as a stool for the mandrels, were built on the Agora.

The construction of the temple of Zeus of Olympia, founded under Pisistratus, was then founded for many reasons (military, economic, political). According to legends, this place has long been the center where Zeus of Olympia and the Earth were worshiped. The first temple here was once ruled by Deucalion - the Greek Noah; here they used to indicate the tomb of Deucalion, the crack where water flowed after the flood. Shchorok, at the young lute, the inhabitants of Athens threw there wheat, boron, mixed with honey, as if the offering would die.

The Temple of Zeus of Olympia began to be built in the Doric order, but not Pisistratus, nor did they reach its completion. The materials prepared for the temple in the 5th century BC began to be used for the construction of the church wall. The temple was renewed (already in the Corinthian order) for the Syrian king Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 175 BC. Then the sanctuary and colonnade were built, but through the death of the king, the construction of the temple was never completed.

The destruction of the unfinished temple was marked by the Roman conqueror Sulla, who buried and plundered Athens in the 86th century BC.

"LONG ATHENS"

They brought a few columns from Rome, and they decorated the Capitol. Only under Emperor Adrian the life of this temple, one of the largest disputes in ancient Greece, which was as large as a football field, was completed.

Near the open sanctuary of the temple stood a colossal statue of Zeus, made of gold and ivory. Behind the temple there were several statues of the Emperor Hadrian, in addition, there were many statues of the emperor in the fence of the temple. At the hour of the earthquake of 1852, one of the columns of the Temple of Olympian Zeus fell, and immediately lay there, falling apart on its drums. Today, 104 columns, which were the largest in Europe, lost only fifteen.

It has always been assumed that Pesistratus (or under Pesistrati) laid the foundations of the famous Parthenon, which was built by the Persians. During the hours of the Revolution, this temple was rebuilt on its foundation twice more than before. The Parthenon was discussed in 447-432 BC by the architects Iktin and Callicrates. The strings of a colonnade could be seen on its four sides, and between its white marmur trunks one could see the gleams of the black sky. Entirely permeated with light, the Parthenon appears light and airy. On these white columns there are no bright little ones, such as are found in Egyptian temples. Only a few later grooves (flutes) cover them to the bottom, through which the temple appears larger and more stringent.

The most famous Greek masters took part in the sculptural design of the Parthenon, and the artist was Phidias - one of the greatest sculptors of all times. This is due to the ceremonial composition and the development of all sculptural decorations, some of which were created by the Vikon himself. And in the depths of the temple, framed on three sides with double-tiered columns, the famous statue of the Virgin Athena, created by the illustrious Phidias, stood proudly. Her robe, shirt and shield were made of pure gold, and her arms shone with the whiteness of ivory. The creation of Phædia was so important that the rulers of Athens and foreign lords did not dare to build other disputes on the Acropolis, so as not to disrupt the sacred harmony. The Parthenon today impresses with the amazing thoroughness of its lines and proportions: it looks like a ship that has sailed for thousands of years, and one can endlessly marvel at its permeated with light and all over the columns hell

On the Acropolis there was also the temple ensemble of the Erechtheion with the portico of the caryatids, glorified throughout the world: on the modern side of the temple, on the edge of the wall, six girls hanging from the marmur were supporting the ceiling.

"LONG ATHENS"

The figures of the portico are, in essence, supports that replace a column or a column, but they miraculously convey the lightness and softness of the girlish figures. The Turks, who immediately buried Athens and did not allow the depiction of humans due to their Islamic laws, did not begin to hunt down caryatids. The stench was surrounded by everything that squeezed the faces of the girls.

The single entrance to the Acropolis is the famous Propylaea - a monumental gate with columns in the Doric style and wide ramps. Behind the signs, however, there is a secret entrance to the Acropolis - underground. It begins in one of the old grottoes, and 2500 years ago, the sacred Acropolis began to rise again when the army of the Persian king Xerxes attacked Greece.

In ancient Greece, Propylaea (literally translated - “who stand before the gate”) was the name given to the area that forms the entrance to the square, the sanctuary or the fortress. The Propylaea of ​​the Athenian Acropolis, designed by the architect Mnesiklos in 437-432 BC, is respected as the most thorough, most original and at the same time a typical example of this type of architecture. For a long time, in everyday speech, the Propylaea was called the “Palace of Themistocles”, and later - the “Arsenal of Lycurgus”. After the conquest of Athens by the Turks, the arsenal was filled with gunpowder in Propalea.

On the high pedestal of the bastion, which guards the entrance to the Acropolis, stands the tall, small, elaborate temple of the goddess of victory Nike Apteros, decorated with low bas-reliefs from images of those Greco-Persian warriors. In the middle of the temple there was a gilded statue of the goddess, as the Greeks liked so much, that they innocently asked the sculptor not to bother her, so that she could not deprive her of the beautiful Athena. Victory is unstable and flies from one enemy to another, so the Athenians depicted her as wingless, so that the goddess would not leave the place, as a great victory had been achieved over the Persians.

After the Propylaea, the Athenians went out to the main square of the Acropolis, where they were surrounded by a 9-meter statue of Athena Promachos (Warrior), also created by the sculptor Phidias. The boat was made from a captured Persian armor buried in the battle of Marathon. The gilded tip of the goddess stood tall, shining in the sun and visible far from the sea, serving as a beacon for sailors.

When in 395 the Byzantine Empire consolidated itself from the Roman Empire, Greece settled in its warehouse, and until 1453 Athens was part of the Byzantine warehouse.

"LONG ATHENS"

The great temples of the Parthenon, Erechtheion and others were converted into Christian churches. Initially, this was appropriate and helped the Athenians, newly converted Christians, while allowing them to practice new religious rituals in a familiar and familiar situation. Until the 10th century, the population of the place, which had changed greatly, began to be immediately felt in the great great disputes of the past hours, and the Christian religion demanded a different artistic and aesthetic design of temples. Therefore, in Athens, Christian churches began to be significantly smaller in size, but also completely different in artistic principles. The oldest church in the Byzantine style in Athens is the Church of St. Nicodemus, built on the ruins of the Roman baths.

In Athens you can feel the closeness of the city, and it is important to say that it gives the place a similar flavor. Perhaps, what are the donkeys harnessed to carts that crowd the streets of Istanbul, Baghdad and Cairo? Or the minarets of the mosques, which have been preserved for centuries - are there no evidence of the great panic of the Grand Porte? Or maybe the outfit of the guards, who stand on the porch of the royal residence - bright red fezzes, knee-high boots and raised shoes with turned-up toes? And, of course, the oldest part of modern Athens is the Plaka region, which is still in the midst of the Turkish panorama. This area was preserved in the same way it was before 1833: high schools, not alike streets with small buildings of old architecture; go and see the streets and churches... And above them rise the great gray rocks of the Acropolis, topped with a heavy fortnight wall and overgrown with sparse trees.

Behind the small little buildings were the Roman Agora, which is the name of the Vezha Vitriv, as it was in the 1st century BC. The rich Syrian merchant Andronikos gave Athens a gift. The tower of winds is an octagonal spore with curls of three more than 12 meters, its edges are strictly oriented to all sides of the world. On the sculptural frieze of Basti there is an image of the wind, which clouds the skin from its side.

The bashta was made of white marmur, and on top of it stood a copper den with a staff in its hands: turning in the direction of the wind, pointing with the wand to one of the eight sides of the bashta, where in the bas-reliefs the whole wind was depicted.

For example, Boreas (sunwind) is depicted as an old man in a warm blanket and a drink, holding a sink in his hands, which serves as a substitute for a pipe. Zephyr (the setting spring wind) stands as a barefoot young man, who, under the guise of his mantle, blossoms and blossoms. Under the bas-reliefs that depict the winds, on the side of the Bashti there is a solstice year, which shows not only the hour of arrival, but also the offensive turns of the sun and the day. And in order to be able to cope with the gloomy weather, in the middle of the Bashti there is a clepsydra - a water year.

During the hours of the Turkish occupation, I admired the fact that the philosopher Socrates was in the air. Where Socrates died and where the tomb of the ancient Greek thinker is definitely located - it is impossible to read about this from ancient writers. However, the people have preserved the legend that refers to one of the ovens, which consists of three chambers - partly natural, partly specially carved from the rock. One of the outer chambers has a special internal compartment - on top of a low round casemate with an opening that is covered with a stone slab.

It is impossible to report in one article about all the monuments of Athens, because every stone here is dying history, every centimeter of the soil of an ancient place, because it is impossible to enter without trepidation, sacred... No wonder the Greeks said: “If you don’t dig Athens, then you - a mule; and if there is no burying, then you are a stump!

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Athens - the most comprehensive information about the place with photos. The main important monuments of Athens with descriptions, travel guides and maps.

Place of Atheni (Greece)

Public transport in Athens includes metro, city trains, trams, trolleybuses and buses. There is a single ticket for all types of transport. The metro has three lines: M1 (green) – connects the port and the street through the center of the place, M2 (chervona) – connects the port and the daytime Athena, M3 (blue) – connects the daytime. Daily movements with daily movements and airport.

Important reminders

The most famous monument of Athens is the sacred mountain - the Acropolis. Here, various ancient ruins of ancient temples are restored, which symbolize the blossoming of Greek civilization.

The Acropolis is 156 meters high and has a remarkable sound. A royal palace, magnificent temples to the gods, objects of worship and numerous sculptures were built here a long time ago. Most of the head spores of the Acropolis were inspired by the reign of Pericles (5th century) at the time of the discovery of Athens.

The most famous monument of the Acropolis is the miraculous Parthenon, which, unimportantly for an hour, is one of the ancient Greek disputes of Athens, which were well preserved. The Parthenon is considered the largest temple of the Classical period of Ancient Greece and the dedication of Aphrodite. It ended in 438 BC. The temple is decorated with monumental Doric columns and embellished with numerous sculptures.

Among the ancient ruins of the Acropolis one can see the temple of Nike Apteros, dating back to 427-424 BC. and dedications to Athena-Peremozhnitsa, Propylaea (head entrance, decorations with columns and porticos), Erechtheion, temple of awakenings between 421-406 BC. and dedications to Athena, Poseidon and Queen Erechtheus.

All the ruins of the Acropolis:

1. Hecatompedon.
2. Statue of Athena Promachos.
3. Propylaea.
4. Eleusion.
5. Bravronion.
6. Chalcotheca.
7. Pandroseion.
8. Arreforion.
9. Athens vіvtar.
10. Sanctuary of Zeus Polios.
11. Sanctuary of Pandion.
12. Odeon of Herodes Attic.
13. Standing Eumenes.
14. Asklepion.
15. Odeon of Pericles.
16. Temenos of Dionysus.
17. Aglavri Sanctuary.

At 300 meters away is the Acropolis Museum, which is one of the most important current events of Athens and the needs of steel and concrete. Priceless finds and ancient things that were discovered here during the excavations are preserved here.

In the vicinity of the Acropolis there is an archaeological route on which one can explore the ancient history of Athens, which dates back to different periods and cultures. Thus, at the bottom of the hill are the ruins of Olympion, the temple dedicated to Zeus. This was the greatest dispute of Ancient Greece. They began to exist around the 6th century BC. and finished at just 2 hundred n.e. for the Roman Emperor Hadrian. Over a hundred majestic marmur columns supported the grandiose sanctuary. Until our time, only 15 of them have been preserved.

The Theater of Dionysus is located on the ancient side of the Acropolis and is considered the oldest dispute of its type in Greece. On this stage a lot of the most famous ancient Greek comedies and tragedies were presented. The theater, originally a temple, dates back to the 6th century BC. The wine is dedicated to Dionysus, the god of merry wines, and can accommodate 17,000 people.

The ancient Agora was a market and the center of everyday life in ancient Athens. Most of the ruins that have been preserved date back to the Roman period and date back to the 1st century AD. The Agora Bula is lined with colonnades and columns. Sports events and theatrical performances were also held here. The 12-meter-high Vitru vezha was installed.

An excellent view of the Agora can be seen from the outer wall of the Acropolis.

Arch of Hadrian

The Arch of Hadrian was built in 131 AD. It symbolizes the entrance to the ancient place. Not far from the entrance to the Acropolis is the ruined Pnix mountain. Here the citizens of Athens could exercise their democratic rights. As we approach the Acropolis of Athens today, we see the restored Pagoda of Philopappos, which was once known as the Pagoda of the Muses and preserved a few ancient ruins. The ancient Byzantine chapel of the 12th century with frescoes of the 18th century is also repainted here.

The core of the historical center of Athens is the Plaka district, located on the opposite side of the Acropolis. This area has been inhabited since recent times. The infection is a labyrinth of narrow, flowery, fry-colored streets with traditional booths from the 19th century. Plaka is famous for its provincial atmosphere (it’s hard to believe that this is the center of a busy metropolis), cute restaurants and historic churches.

From Plaka, the Athens streets lead to Monastiraki Square, which is one of the central squares of old Athens with narrow streets and small booths. A traditional bazaar (Yousouroum) is held on the Maidan. Monastiraki is a popular shopping area with over 2,000 high-end shops.

Anafiotika is another atmospheric rural quarter of Athens, located just above the Acropolis. Here tourists can enjoy traditional Greek cuisine and a walk along the winding streets in the Cycladic style. Anaphiotics was aroused in the 60s and 19th century.

Odeon of Herodes is an ancient Roman theater dating back to the 2nd century AD. on the steep slopes of the Acropolis by Herodes Atticus for a riddle about his squad. The theater accommodated 6,000 spectators and was recreated in the 1950s.

The Olympic Stadium was built in the 19th century for the first Olympics. It accommodates 50,000 spectators and has the largest sports venue, surrounded by marmura. The first stadium in this place dates back to the 3rd century BC. and over-waking in 144 children. For a long time, a religious festival was held at the stadium, dedicated to the goddess Athena of the skin.

The Church of the Virgin Mary Kapnicarea is a marvelous example of Byzantine architecture of the 11th century. The church was built on one of the central streets of Athens - Ermou.

The Church of the Holy Apostles is a religious monument from the 10th century on the site of ancient Agora, built in the typical Byzantine style. In the middle there is a dome decorated with original frescoes. A significant part of the ancient iconostasis from the 11th century has also been preserved.

Syntagmatos Square is the central square of modern Athens. In front of the booth of the Greek parliament there is a presidential guard in national costumes. The change of guard takes place in front of the monument to the Invisible Soldier on the 11th rank today.

• The National Archaeological Museum is one of the largest museums in Greece, which has one of the largest exhibitions of Antiquity in the world. With an area of ​​8,000 square meters, it includes 11,000 exhibits.
• The Byzantine Museum has over 25,000 exhibits, which is a treasury of religious artifacts of the Byzantine period, as well as works of early Christian, middle and post-Byzantine mysticism.
• Museum of Cycladic Mystery - ancient exhibits found on the Cycladic Islands and Cyprus.

This is a special place: no other European capital can boast of such historical and cultural decline. It is rightfully called a colossus of democracy and advanced civilization. The life of Athens, as before, revolves around the testimony of its birth and prosperity - the Acropolis, one of the seven hills, which is a place where a silent stone ship hangs above it, on the deck of which the ancient Parthenon is spread out.

Video: Athens

Main points

Athens became the capital of modern Greece in the 1830s, when an independent power was declared. Since that time the place has experienced incredible disasters. In 1923, a large number of residents here were added almost in one day as a result of the exchange of populations with Turechchina.

Due to the combination of the Swedish war economic growth and the current boom that followed Greece's accession to the European Union in 1981, the entire historical part of the place was flooded with movement. Athens transformed into a place-octopus: behind the bushes, its population is now close to 4 million inhabitants, 750,000 of whom live in the official boundaries of the place.

The new dynamic place changed a lot with the 2004 Olympic Games. The rocks of grandiose robots modernized and beautified the place. Having requested a new airport, new metro lines were launched, museums were renovated.

Of course, the problems of an excessively crowded middle-class environment and overpopulation will be eliminated, and one rarely wants to wander into Athens at first sight... But one cannot help but succumb to the charm generated by contrasts of this marvelous sum of the ancient sacred places and capitals and XXI century. Athens shares its uniqueness with its numerous neighborhoods, which have a unique character: the tradition of Plaka, the industries of Gazi, which the new world of Monastraca is experiencing with its flea markets, the trade of Psira, which enters the markets , worker Omonia, business Syntagma, bourgeois Colon Piraeus, what is it, in essence, an independent place.

Important city of Athens

The very small plateau on which the Acropolis is located (4 ha), which rises 100 m above the plain of Attica and the current place, Athens claims its share. The place was born here, grew, and acquired its historical glory. No matter how deteriorated and unfinished the Acropolis is, it still tries to survive and continues to retain its status as one of the greatest wonders of the world, awarded by UNESCO. Its name means “high place”, from the Greek asgo (“high”, “prescension”) ta polis ("Misto"). Vono also means “citadel”, which, moreover, was the Acropolis in the bronze age and later, in the Mycenaean era.

In 2000, the main remains of the Acropolis were taken up for reconstruction based on new archaeological knowledge and modern restoration techniques. However, do not be surprised that the reconstruction of certain buildings, such as the Parthenon or the Temple of Niki Apteros, has not yet been completed, at which a lot of effort and time have gone into work.

Areopagus ta gate of Bele

The entrance to the Acropolis is from the entrance side, the Bela Gate, a Roman building dating back to the 3rd century, named after the French archaeologist who was born in 1852. From the entrance of the hanging in the stone, go down to the Areopagu - a rocky hill where judges were assembled in ancient times.

The majestic descent with which the Panathenaic road ended (dromos), led up to this monumental entrance to the Acropolis, marked by six Doric columns. More folding, lower Parthenon, which added to the stench of the Propylaea ("in front of entrance") were conceived by Pericles and his architect Mnesiklos as the most grandiose secular awakening that ever happened in Greece. Robots that began in 437 BC. and the 431st century was interrupted by the Peloponnesian War and was never renewed. The central passage, the widest, with railings at the top, was intended for chariots, and the ramps led to four other entrances, intended for mere mortals. The sky is decorated with images dedicated to Athena by great artists of the past.

Tsey small temple (421 r. BC), creations by the architect Callicrates, awakenings on the earthen embankment for sundown (right-handed) vіd Propil. In this very place, as the legend confirms, Hegeus looked to his son Theseus as the one to fight the Minotaur. Not having seen the white skylight on the horizon - a sign of victory - he rushed at the break, respecting Theseus, dead. From this place a marvelous view of Athens and the sea opens up. This building, which looks terrible in the area near the Parthenon, was built in 1687 by the Turks, who used its stones to strengthen the moisture and fortification. At first it was restored to perfection after the destruction of the country's independence, but it has recently been rediscovered in order to be reawakened from the old days of the subtleties of classical mystique.

Having passed the Propylaea, you will stand on the esplanade in front of the Acropolis, topped by the Parthenon. Pericles himself entrusted Phidias, the brilliant sculptor and priest, and his lieutenants, the architects Ictinus and Callicrates, to build this temple on the site of numerous sanctuaries, built by the Persian conquerors. The robots that issued 447 rocks e., trivialized fifteen rocks. Vikorist, being a Pentelic marmur material, was able to create the building with ideal proportions, 69 meters long and 31 meters wide. It is decorated with 46 columns with fluted curls of ten meters, folded into dozens of drums. For the first time in the history of leather, several facades were decorated with pediments with elaborate friezes and sculptures.

In the foreground was a bronze statue of Athena Promachos (“She who steals”) The curtains are nine meters long, from the list and the shield - as a result of this composition, more than a few fragments of the cabinet have been lost. It seems that the sailors could have touched the ridge of the sholom and the gilded tip of the list, which had sunk in the sun and ice had settled down to the Saronic inlet.

Another majestic statue of Athena Parthenos, in a robe of pure gold, with robes, arms and legs made of ivory, and with the head of Medusa on her breasts, was located at the sanctuary. This child of Phidias was lost in its place for over a thousand years, and then was taken to Constantinople, where it was later spent.

Having become the Cathedral of Athens during the Byzantine era, then a mosque under the rule of the Turks, the Parthenon passed through the centuries without much loss until that fatal day in 1687, when the Venetians bombed the Acropolis. The Turks were in control of the ammunition depot, and since the cannonball had been destroyed, the wood was destroyed and some of the walls and sculptural decorations had collapsed. An even greater blow to the pride of the Greeks was delivered at the very beginning of the 19th century by the British ambassador Lord Elgin, who turned away from the Turks and allowed excavations in the ancient site and the removal of countless beautiful statues and bas-reliefs from the pediment of the Parthenon. Now the stench is at the British Museum, but the government of Greece does not lose hope that it will turn again to Fatherlandism.

The remains of the sanctuaries built by the ancient Greeks on the Acropolis are built on another plateau, along with the ancient wall, on the site of the mythical super river of Poseidon and Athena through the rulership of the place. Life lasted for fifteen years. The consecration of the Erechtheion took place in 406 BC. An unknown architect wants to unite three sanctuaries under one roof. (in honor of Atheni, Poseidon and Erechtheus), having placed the temple on the spot due to significant differences in ground height.

This temple, although smaller in size, is lower than the Parthenon, and is comparable to its writing. The front portico is, without a doubt, a brilliant expression of the architects’ mystique, which features a frieze of dark blue marble, a coffered stele and elegant Ionic columns.

Don't miss the Caryatids - six statues of young girls who have grown up in human life, which support the roof of the flooded portico. Nina has no copy. One of the first statues was brought by Lord Eljin himself, five others were displayed for a long time at the Small Acropolis Museum (nini closed), were transported to the New Acropolis Museum, which was discovered in 2009.

Don’t forget to enjoy the wonderful view of Salamis Bay, which is located on the western side.

Removals at the back of the Acropolis (RUR 161-174), the Roman Odeon, famous for its acoustics, is open for the celebration of the holy hour, organized as part of the festival in honor of Athena (the tax passes from the end of the herb to the middle of the zhovtnya). The Marmur tables of the ancient theater can accommodate up to 5000 spectators!

The theater, located not far from the Odeon, although even ancient, is closely connected with the main episodes of the life of the Greek city. This giant sporuda dates back to 17,000 years ago, originating in the V-IV centuries BC, including the tragedies of Sophocles, Eschylus and Euripides and the comedies of Aristophanes. In essence, this is a colossus of amazing theatrical mystique. Beginning in the 4th century, the town assembly met here.

New Acropolis Museum

The lower part of the spine (Pivdenny side) There is the New Acropolis Museum, the brainchild of the Swiss architect Bernard Tschumi and his Greek colleague Michalis Fotiadis. New Museum, building to replace the old Acropolis Museum (to the Parthenon), which has become too crowded, having opened its doors at the beginning of 2009 to fate. This ultra-successful awakening from Marmura, the concrete slab was created on the pavement, the fragments from the beginning of the activity at this place were discovered valuable archaeological finds. 4,000 artifacts are displayed on 14,000 sq. m - this is ten times larger than the area of ​​​​the old museum.

The first one, already open to the public, houses time-long exhibitions, whose glass of forgery allows one to monitor the excavations. On the other hand, there are permanent collections that include artifacts found in the Acropolis from the Archaic period of Ancient Greece to the Roman period. In addition to the color of the exhibition, there is a third glass on top, the glass of which gives visitors a marvelous view of the Parthenon.

Akropol metro station

Akropol metro station

In the 1990s, while another metro line was in operation, important excavations were discovered. They were displayed right at the station (Amphori, miners). Here you can also see a dummy of the Parthenon frieze, which represents Helios at the moment when he emerges from the sea in the shadow of Dionysus, Demetri, Cory and an unknown headless character.

Old lower place

Along the sides of the Acropolis stretched the ancient lower place: the walnut on the night, near the market square and the ancient district of Kerameikos, the Roman one on the way to Olympeion. (temple of Zeus) ta artsi Adrian. Recently, all the important monuments can be seen during a walk, passing through the labyrinth of the streets of Plaka or around the Acropolis with the great street named after it. Dionysius to the Areopagite.

Agora

At first this term meant “collection”, then they began to call it a place where people conducted justice. The heart of the old town, filled with shops and stalls, the agora (market square) was sharpened by the immaculateness of high buildings: the mint, the library, the hospital, the court, the archives, not to mention the untouched monuments, small churches and monuments.

The first spores began to emerge in this place in the 4th century BC. under the hour of the reign of the tyrant Pisistratus. Some of them were renewed, and many were inspired by the plunder of the place by the Persians in 480 BC. The Panathenaic Road, the main artery of the ancient city, ran diagonally across the esplanade, linking the main gate of the place, Dipylon, with the Acropolis. Here the shearings took place on the carts, which, incredibly, took the fate of recruiting the cavalry.

As of today, the agora may not have been saved, due to Theseon’s guilt (Temple of Hephaestus). This ancient temple at the end of the Acropolis is the best preserved in Greece. He is the owner of a marvelous ensemble of columns from the Pentelic Marmuru and friezes from the Parian Marmuru. On each side there are images of Hercules at the gathering, Theseus on the evening and day, scenes of battles (With the monstrous centaurs) at the exit and entry. Dedications to Hephaestus, patron of metallurgists, and Organa Athena (Robitnitsy), the treasures of potters and craftsmen, date back to the other half of the 5th century BC. Surely, with its own safety, this temple of goiter has turned into a church. In the 19th century, it became a Protestant temple, where the remains of English volunteers and other European philelens were laid to rest (Greco-Philiv) who perished during the War of Independence.

Below, in the center of the agora, near the entrance to the Odeon of Agrippi, you will see three monumental statues of tritons. At the most part of the city, near the Acropolis, the small Church of the Holy Apostles has been restored (close to 1000 rub.) in the Byzantine style. In the middle, surplus frescoes from the 17th century and the Marmur iconostasis have been preserved.

The Portico of Attalus, on the opposite side of the market square, has a length of 120 meters and an end of 20 meters, which was reconstructed in the 1950s and is currently the Agora Museum. Here you can pick up a bunch of different artifacts. For example, a magnificent Spartan shield made of bronze (425 river BC) And, right off the bat, a piece of clerotherium, a stone with a hundred crevices, intended for special jury selection. Among the coins on display is a tetradrachm with images of an owl, which served as a model for the Greek euro.

Roman agora

In the other half of the 1st century BC. The Romans moved the agora about a hundred meters downhill to create a powerful central market. After the invasion of the barbarians 267 fate, the administrative center of the city settled behind the new walls of the unfallen Athens. Here you can still make money, as on too many streets, without the most important people.

Inspired by the 11th century BC. The final gate of Athena Archegetis is located at the entrance to the Roman Agora. For the sake of Adrian's instructions, a copy of the order for the purchase and sale of olive oil has been placed here... On the other side of the square, on the mound, stands the octagonal Wind Tower (Aeridi) from white Pentelic marmuru. It was founded in the 1st century BC. Macedonian astronomer Andronikos and served simultaneously as a weather vane, compass and clepsydra (water year old). The leather on both sides is decorated with a frieze that represents one of the eight winds, under which the arrows of an ancient sunny year can be cut. On the downstairs side there is a small, non-functional Fethiye Mosque (Conqueror), one of the remaining evidence of the burying of the market square by religious activists in Serednyovichi, and then under the Turkish baths.

Two blocks from the Roman agora, near Monastiraki Square, you will find the ruins of Hadrian's Library. Brought back to the era of the reign of the emperor-wake-upman of the same fate as Olympion (132 BC), this majestic huge building with an inner courtyard, outlined by a hundred columns, was at one time one of the most magnificent in Athens.

The Keramik Quarter, built around the ancient cordon of the Greek city, is dedicated to its potters, who here produced the famous vases with red figures on black aphids. Here, too, there were most of the coins of that time, which existed until the 6th century and were often preserved. The ones found could date back to the Mycenaean era, but the most beautiful ones, decorated with steles and tombstones, belonged to the rich Athenians and the heroes of the wartime hours of tyranny. The stench can be found at the entrance to the village, in a shelter planted with cypresses and olive trees. Such manifestations of Marnoslavism were suppressed after the establishment of democracy.

The museum displays the most beautiful images: sphinxes, kuroshi, levi, biki... Acts of them were vikorstans in 478 BC. for a quick start of new dry fortifications against the Spartans!

At the entrance to the agora of the Acropolis rises the Pnix Hill, the meeting place for the assembly of the inhabitants of Athens. (ecclesia). The sustriches were observed ten times on the river from the 6th to the end of the 4th century BC. Famous promoters, such as Pericles, Themistocles, and Demosthenes, promoted here in front of their athletes. Later, the assembly moved to a larger square in front of the Dionysus Theater. From the top of this mountain there is a view of the forest-covered Acropolis of the miracle.

Pagorb Muz

The most beautiful panorama of the Acropolis and Parthenon still emerges from this wooded hillock at the southern end of the old center - the mythological bastion of the Athenians in the fight against the Amazons. At the top there is a tombstone of Philopappos, which has been remarkably preserved. (or Philopapus) curls 12 meters. It dates back to the 2nd century and depicts the “benefactor of Athens” on display.

In order to mark a cordon between the old Greek city and the powerful Athens, the Roman Emperor Hadrian ordered the gates to be destroyed and destroyed to the Olympion. On one side it was written “Atheni, the ancient place of Theseus”, on the other - “The place of Hadrian, and not Theseus.” Of course, the facades are absolutely identical; When applied, they will follow the Roman tradition at the bottom and the Greek shape of the cuts at the top. The monument, 18 meters high, was erected in full by donations from the inhabitants of Athens.

The Temple of Zeus the Olympian, a great deity, who was the greatest in ancient Greece - according to legend, on the site of the ancient sanctuary of Deucalion, the mythical ancestor of the Greek people, who in such a manner accorded Zeus, who tuvav yogo vid poveni. The tyrant Pesistratus, most likely, originated the life of this giant that existed in 515 BC. in order to keep people busy and avoid riots. Once upon a time, the Greeks overestimated their capabilities: the temple was completed only in the Roman era, 132 BC. Emperor Hadrian, to whom all the glory went. The dimensions of the temple were equal: depth – 110 meters, width – 44 meters. Of the 104 Corinthian columns, 17 meters high and 2 meters in diameter, more than fifteen, sixteen, called by the storm, are still lying on the ground. Others were victorious from other people. The stinks were grown in double rows of 20 pieces at a time and in third rows of 8 on the sides. Near the sanctuary there was a giant statue of Zeus made of gold and ivory and a statue of the Emperor Hadrian - in the Roman era, however, the stink was no less.

This stadium, which fits into the amphitheater with the marmur descents from Mount Ardettos, 500 meters from the descent from the Olympion, in 1896 there were renovations for the first current Olympic Games instead and on us The case is ancient, established by Lycurgus in 330. In the 2nd century, Hadrian introduced games in the arena, bringing thousands of huts for the bestiaries. Here I finished the marathon of the 2004 Olympic Games.

This is the oldest and largest residential quarter of the place. The labyrinth of its streets and gatherings, which is at least three thousand years old, extends to the slope of the Acropolis. This is very bad. The upper part of the block is created for long walks, surrounded by beautiful 19th-century buildings, walls and courtyards thickly covered with burgenvilleas and geraniums. The lacquer is nibbled in anticiparies, Vizantiyki churches, and sometimes there is Bagato Butіkiv, restaurants, museum, bars, small nіchny clubs ... there is a good yak quiet, so, so, all of the stir, all that is an hour.

Churches

I want to bashti Metropolis, Plaka Cathedral (XIX century) If you are in the upper part of the quarter, you will inevitably attract your gaze, lower your eyes to its foundation and admire the miraculous Little Metropolis. This small Byzantine church of the 12th century is dedicated to St. Elevtrios and Our Lady Gorgoepikoos (“Shvidko-pomichnitsi”!) was made from ancient materials. The walls are decorated with wonderful geometric bas-reliefs. All the inhabitants of Greece gather on the neighboring street, Agios Filotheis, to shop in specialized stores. On the hill of Plaka there is a charming small Byzantine church of Agios Ioannis Theologos (XI century), also deserves your respect.

This museum, located in the opposite part of Plaka, presents a large collection of exhibits of folk art. Having looked at the embroidery on the first side and the funny carnival costumes on the mezzanine, in the Theofilos Hall on the other side you will find wall paintings, thanks to the great self-made artist who decorated the booths and shops of his native land. Based on traditions, we have worn fustanella throughout our lives (Traditional human story) And he died among the evil ones and was forgotten. Only after his death did he lose his knowledge. On the third version there is embellishment and ornamentation; on the fourth - folk costumes of various provinces of the country.

A neoclassical ring, ultra-modern in the middle, this museum dedicated to the everyday mysticism, unique in Greece. A permanent collection is exhibited here, with the main theme being primary people and time-sensitive exhibitions. Students will have the opportunity to see the great works of the 20th century through the eyes of Greek artists.

In 335 BC After winning his corpse in a theatrical competition, in order to enhance this idea, the philanthropist Lysicrates ordered the creation of this monument in the shape of a rotunda. The Athenians nicknamed him “the lightman of Diogenes.” At first, in the middle, there was a bronze prize, taken away from Moscow's power. In the 17th century

Anaphiotika

At the greatest part of Plaka and the temples of the Acropolis, the inhabitants of the Kikpadian island of Anafi created their world in miniature. Anafiotika is a block within a block, a peaceful harbor where cars have no access. There are a bunch of dozens of vibrant little buildings that stomp around the streets, with the absence of narrow walkways and quiet passages. Altanks with grape vines, spikes, what's going on, potters with fruits - life here turns on its receiving side for you. You can reach Anafiotika from the side of Stratonis street.

This museum is located in the very outskirts of Plaka, between the Acropolis and the Roman agora, in a wonderful neoclassical building and houses even a chimera and motley collections (which, however, belongs to Hellenism), transferring the power to friends Kanellopoulos Among the main exhibits you will find Cycladian figurines and gold antique decorations.

Museum of Folk Musical Instruments

Roztashovani on Diogena Street, in the outer part of Plaka, opposite the entrance to the Roman agora, this museum invites you to get acquainted with musical instruments and traditional Greek melodies. You will learn how bouzouki, lutes, tambourasis, and other rare words sound. Concerts are organized near the garden.

Syntagma Square

At the evening gathering, Plaka is located between the majestic Syntagma Square, the heart of the business world, an area that is in line with the plan that will shape the coming day after the shock of independence. The green esplanade is lined with chic cafes and everyday shops, which include bank offices and airlines of international companies.

Here you will find the Great Britain Hotel, the Pearl of Athens from the 19th century, and the most beautiful palace in the city. In a similar way, the palace of Buli and Nina's parliament has grown up. In 1834 it served as the residence of King Otto I and Queen Amalia.

Subway

Zavdyaki Budivnytstvo metro station (1992-1994) Under the esplanade, the largest excavations that have ever been carried out in Athens began. Archaeologists have discovered an aqueduct from the era of Pisistratus, a very important road, bronze magisteriums of the 5th century BC. (The period when this place was located outside the walls of the city), treasures from the end of the classical era - the beginning of the Roman era, therms and another aqueduct, also Roman, as well as early Christian ossuaries and part of the Byzantine site. Carved archaeological balls were preserved in the middle of the station in the form of a transverse cup.

Parliament (Buli Palace)

The name of the square Syntagma evokes the memory of the Greek Constitution of 1844, pronounced from the balcony of this neoclassical palace, and the seat of parliament in 1935.

In front of the booth there is a monument to the Invisible Soldier, who wears his wartu (Pikhotintsi). They wear traditional Greek costumes: a fustanella with 400 folds, which symbolizes the number of rocks spent under the Turkish yoke, lined knee socks and red booties with pompoms.

Varti change occurs every Monday to Saturday, and once a week at 10.30. The entire garrison gathers on the Maidan for this garni ceremony.

National Garden

The National Garden, once a palace park, is a quiet oasis with exotic vegetation and mosaic pools in the very heart of the place. There you can see the ancient ruins, the halls in the middle of the shady alleys, the small botanical museum, the pavilions, the zoo and the reception cafe with a great gazebo.

Today the Zappeion is known to be in a neoclassical style, created in the 1880s in a rotunda shape. In 1896, around the time of the first Olympic Games, the headquarters of the Olympic Committee was located there. Later Zappeion became an exhibition center.

Just opposite the garden, on Heroda Atichny Street, in the middle of the park, there is the Presidential Palace, a baroque-style garden guarded by two Evzones.

Pivnichny districts and museums

The Gazi quarter, which truly lives up to its name, is a very industrial place at the beginning of the day, and now celebrates without any need for hostility. The colossal gas plant, which gave the neighborhood its name, is now a great cultural center .

The entire quarter of Psira has quickly spread out, where wholesalers and blacksmiths have been in charge, and, since recent times, there has been an increase in the number of bars, retail stores and fashionable restaurants. These small streets lead to the markets and Omonia Square, the heart of the people of Athens. From here you can go to Syntagma Square with two great streets in a neoclassical frame - Stadion and Panepistimou.

Outskirts of Monastiraki

Directly in front of the Roman agora is the Monastiraki Square, which at any time is overcrowded with people. Above it rise the dome and portico of the Tsizdaraki mosque (RUR 1,795), which is now part of the Plaka Museum of Folk Mystery.

The nearby pedestrian streets are lined with souvenir and antique shops, as well as old people who flock to Abyssinia Square to run the giant flea market.

Rinky

The Great Boulevard of Athinas, which connects Monastiraki with Omonia Square at night, passes through the market pavilions. “Belly of Athens”, which is in constant activity from light until the middle of the day, is divided into two parts: fish traders in the center and meat traders in the middle.

In front of the booth there are sellers of dried fruits, and on many of the streets there are sellers of slimy goods, kilims, and poultry.

Archaeological Museum

Several blocks away on the outskirts of Omonia Square, on a majestic esplanade lined with cars, is the National Archaeological Museum, which houses a Kazkov collection of exhibits from the history of great civilizations of ancient Greece. You can easily spend half a day here, looking at statues, frescoes, vases, cameos, decorations, coins and other treasures.

The most valuable exhibit in the museum is probably the posthumous gold mask of Agamemnon, discovered in 1876 in Mycenae by amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann (hall 4, near the center courtyard). In the same room you will see another important object of the Mycenaean era, the Warrior vase, as well as funeral stales, gilded brass, rhyton, decorate and thousands of luxurious objects from burshtin, gold and scarify an ostrich egg. ! Cycladic collection (hall 6) It’s also obligatory for review.

Looking at the first above and crumbling behind the anniversary arrow, you will pass chronologically through the archaic period, represented by the miraculous kouroses and kora before the Roman. On the way you will see great masterpieces of the mystique of the classical era, among which a bronze statue of Poseidon was found in the sea on the island of Euboea (hall 15), as well as the statue of the leader Artemision on a war horse (hall 21). The tombstones are represented by a great number of people, and the people from them are even hostile. For example, the majestic lekifs are two-meter vase-shaped. Varto also remembers the friezes that decorated the temple of Atheia on Egina, the friezes of the temple of Asclepius (Esculapius) in Epidaurus and the miracle marmur group of Aphrodite, Pan and Eros near hall 30.

On the other side there are collections of ceramics: from geometric vases to marvelous Attic vases. The Greek Pompeii - the place of Akrotira on the island of Santorini, founded in 1450 BC - has a section dedicated to it (hall 48).

Panepistimyu

The quarter, developed between the squares of Omonia and Syntagma, gives a clear indication of the grandiose ambitions of the period after the collapse of independence. The trio, which is consistent with the neo-classical style that is formed by the University, the Academy and the National Library, stretches along Panepistimou Street. (or Eleftherios Venizelou) and clearly deserves the respect of the guests of the place.

National Historical Museum

The Museum of Restorations at the former Parliament, on Stadiou Street, 13, near Syntagma Square, and dedicated to the history of the region from the moment of the burying of Constantinople by the Ottomans (RUR 1,453). The period of the War of Independence has already been reported. You can wield the sword of Lord Byron, the famous Philelin!

Founded in 1930 by Antonis Benakis, a member of his native Greek homeland, the museum is located at his former Athens residence. The exhibition consists of a collection collected throughout our entire life. The museum continues to be renovated, and now it pays respect to a new panorama of Greek mysticism from the prehistoric period to the 20th century.

The first version presents exhibits from the Neolithic period to the Byzantine era, as well as wonderful collections of jewelry and antique crowns made of gold leaf. A large section is dedicated to icons. Another one on top (XVI-XIX centuries) It cherishes the period of Turkish occupation; it is important to display here images of church and worldly folk mystique. Two wonderful halls from the 1750s have been restored, with panels made of carved wood.

The smaller sections, dedicated to the period of awakening of national self-consciousness and the struggle for independence, occupy the top two surfaces.

Museum of Cycladic Mystery

Here the main rank of the collection of Nicholas Goulandris, dedicated to ancient mysticism, is presented. The most significant of them is, without a doubt, in the first version. Here you can get acquainted with the legendary Cycladic mysticism; figurines, marmur household items and religious objects. Don’t miss the dish with doves, hanging from a single piece, the unusual statues of a flute player and a bread seller, as well as a 1.40 meter statue of a curl, one of two, which depicted the great patron goddess.

The third is on top of dedications to Greek mysticism from the Bronze Age to the 2nd century BC.

The later museum moved to the wonderful neoclassical villa, created in 1895 by the Bavarian architect Ernst Ziller (Palace of Stafatos).

The exhibitions housed in the museum commemorate the period of the fall of the Roman Empire. (V art.) before the fall of Constantinople (RUR 1,453) and successfully illuminate the history of Byzantine culture through the miraculous collection of exhibits and reconstruction. The exhibition also reinforces the special role of Athens, the center of pagan thought for at least two centuries, until Christianity fell.

Varto pobachit section of Coptic mysticism (especially the Chereviki V-VIII centuries!), Metilene treasures, discovered in 1951, miraculous crossbars and bas-reliefs, collections of icons and frescoes, exhibited in the Church of the Episcopal of Europe, as well as miraculous manuscripts.

National Pinakothek

Significantly modernized by the remaining rocks, the Pinakothek is dedicated to the Greek mysticism of the remaining centuries. Vaughn chronologically presents various eras, from early post-Byzantine painting to the works of contemporary artists. In Zokrem, you will see three mystical paintings by El Greco, a native of Crete, who, like Velazquez and Goya, was the most famous artist of Spain in the 16th century.

At the bottom of Vasilisis Sophias Boulevard and the streets of the Kolonaki quarter, a chic enclave is created, famous for its fashion boutiques and art galleries. All morning, and especially around lunchtime, on the terraces of the cafe in Filikis Eterias Square there is no way for an apple to fall.

Mount Lekavittos (Likavittos)

At the end of Plutarch Street there is a long, low street that leads to an underground cable tunnel with a funicular, which will take you to the top of Likavitos, which is famous for its wonderful panorama. Sports fans will appreciate the gatherings that start from the end of Lucianu Street, a hundred meters away. (15 khvilin pіdyomu). The stitch, bending, leads through the cypresses and agave. On the mountain, from the porch of the Chapel of St. George, in good weather you can visit the islands of the Saronic Bay and, of course, the Acropolis.

On the outskirts of Athens

Rotated between the sea and the hills of Athens, it is an ideal point of departure to the roots of the most famous city of Attica, the river that separates the Aegean Sea and the Saronic Creek.

On the weekend we head to the beach. Glyfada, which can be found just outside the walls of the town itself, put everyone under the belt during the hour of the 2004 Olympic Games: most of the sea trades took place here. A chic neighborhood with numerous boutiques, as well as a seaside resort famous for its marinas and golf courses, Glyfada comes alive when discos and clubs open on Posidonos Avenue. The beaches here and in the direction of Vuly are very private, dotted with parasols and chock-full of shade. If you are looking for a calm place, head straight ahead to Vouliagmena, a luxurious and expensive port surrounded by greenery. Economy is becoming more democratic after Varkizi, near Miss Sounion.

Bartovyi Athena, which sits on the top of the cliff “Misa Colon” ​​at the extreme point of the Mediterranean Attica, the temple of Poseidon becomes one of the peaks of the “sacred trikutnik”, the exact same hip trikutnik, which includes the Acropolis and the temple of Aphaia on Egina. They reported that when they entered the floodway at Piraeus, the sailors could see all three of them at the same time - satisfied, none of the smog that descends over these places is accessible. Sanctuary, renewed in the era of Pericles (444 BC), saved 16 out of 34 prehistoric columns. Once there were transports of three-wheelers, organized by the Athenians in honor of the goddess Athena, who was dedicated to another temple built on the court's hill. The place assumes strategic significance: this fortress, as it appeared, made it possible to control simultaneously the mines of Lorion and the wrecks of ships to Athens.

On the pine-covered slopes of the Hymetos Mountains, several kilometers away from Athens, the monastery, founded in the 11th century, ceases to be quiet at the end of the day, when a landing party of picnic lovers lands nearby . Near the central courtyard you will find a church whose walls are covered with frescoes (XVII-XVIII centuries), the dome wraps around several ancient columns, and at the other end of the monastery there is a marvelous fountain with the head of a ram, from which water flows, as if to solidify the miraculous powers.

Marathon

This place, one of the most famous, dates back to 490 BC. became a testament to the victory of the 10,000-strong Athenian army over the Persian forces, which would defeat them three times. To convey a good news, as the legend says, the runner from the Marathon ran 40 km, which strengthens him from Athens, - so quickly that he died in the snow before the hour of arrival. 192 Greek heroes who died in this battle were buried on the mound - which alone deserves the credit of the famous death.

Monastir Daphne

10 km away from Athens, on the edge of the great road, is the Byzantine monastery of Daphne with its 11th century mosaics depicting the apostles and the mighty Christ Pantocrator following them from the central dome. Having removed the essential damage from the earthquake in 1999, it was immediately closed for restoration.

Closed on one side by Attica and on the other by the peninsula of the Peloponnese, the Saronic Inlet - the gateway of the Corinth Canal - opens the door to Athens. Among the number of islands, Egina is the largest and the easiest to reach (1 year 15 minutes on poromia or 35 times on glisery).

Most of the ships are moored at the entrance to the birch, near the wonderful port of Yeghini. Few people know that it was the first capital of liberated Greece. Here fishermen fish their gear in front of tourists, as they relax on the terraces of cafes and ride in carriages. Vuzka pedestrian street, leading from the embankment, was created for walking and shopping. By daylight, near Colonius, at the site of archaeological excavations, and numerous ruins of the Temple of Apollo (V century BC). The archaeological museum exhibits artifacts found nearby: donations, pottery bowls, sculptures and steles.

The islands choose to share pistachio plantations among themselves, which is the pride of Egina, a number of fields with olive trees and beautiful pine forests, which are spread all the way to the seaside resort of Agia Marina, on beautiful beaches where many live You are the key.

You can easily reach the Temple of Aphaia, built on a bridge visible from both banks. The beauty of this Doric monument, which has been miraculously preserved, allows one to guess about the enormous power of the island, since it is the superstar of Athens. Dating back to 500 BC, it was dedicated to the local goddess Aphaia, daughter of Zeus, who found a corner in these places, promising to re-examine King Menos.

If you don't have enough time, head to the ruins of Paliochori, the capital of Egina, located high in the depths of the island. Founded in the era of Antiquity, the town grew during the high Middle Ages, an era when residents, fighting against pirate raids, roamed the tops of the mountains. Until the 19th century, when the inhabitants abandoned them, Paliochora had 365 churches and a chapel, of which 28 have been preserved, and in them it is still possible to collect a surplus of miraculous frescoes. A little less than the ruined monastery of Agios Nektarios, the largest on the island.

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If it's better to go to Athens

Spring and late autumn are the best hour for the expansion of Athens. Summer may be even hotter and drier. Winter is sometimes rainy, with a small number of snow days. However, winter may be an ideal time to move out, if it is not cold and fresh, but there is no time to come.

There is often a shadow over the place, due to the geography of the place due to the fact that Athens is surrounded by mountains, exhaust fumes and obstruction from cars often cloud over the place.

How to get away

How can I get to Athens from the airport? Just in front of the airport, there is a direct metro line (blue color) to the city center. Kintseva station in the center of the city - Monastiraki metro station. You can get to the railway station in Athens by train. The easiest and most comfortable way is to call a taxi. The most economical ground transport is a bus, from the airport buses run along several routes.

Calendar of low prices for airline tickets

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Athens is a place named after Palladian Athena, the goddess of wisdom and just war. Geographical distribution: Central Greece, Attica island. Today Athens is the cultural and economic administrative center of Greece, home to over 750,000 inhabitants (2003).

Even in ancient times, Athens was the largest city-power in Attica, a decline of which is of great significance in the modern world. Ancient Athens is the father’s democracy, various directions of philosophy and the mystique of the theater. According to historians, the first records date back to 1600-1200 pp. before. Not. (Mycenaean era). Archaeological investigations of Athens began in the 30s of the 19th century and are of a slightly unstable nature, and even in the 70-80s. n. excavations took a systematic approach. During the investigation, a lot of historical values ​​were revealed.

Important city of Athens

Acropolis and Parthenon

The main monuments of Athens are the Acropolis and the Parthenon, which is located on a 156-meter high rocky hill. In ancient times, these places were celebrated for the creation of temples dedicated to the great Greek gods, and also confirmed the status of Athens as the most beautiful place. , center of culture and mysticism. Today, the Acropolis and Parthenon are the transport hub for millions of tourists who arrive in Athens.

Theater of Dionysus

The orchestra of the Theater of Dionysus hosted premieres of works by Aristophanes, Sophocles, Eschylus and Europides. It will not be at all difficult to know this ancient thing: the theater of retouchings on the ancient slope of the Acropolis.

Temple of Zeus

The Temple of Olympian Zeus (Olympion) is located in the very center of Athens. Ancient Greece had the largest temple. Once again, Olympion is miraculously visible from the Acropolis.
Robotic hour: Tue – Week: 8:30 – 15:00. Mon: weekend

National Archaeological Museum

The National Archaeological Museum, which has collected a magnificent collection of exhibits on its walls, is located in the center of Athens. The display of the table is so large that you will have to spend a lot of time looking at it. For ease of reference, the entrance halls in the museum are arranged in chronological order: from the Mycenaean period and the Cycladic culture, which has been preserved for a long time, to the present day.
Robotic hour:
Summer: Mon: 12.30 – 19.00; Tue – Fri: 8.00 – 19.00; Sat, Week: 8.30 – 15.00
Winter: Mon: 10.30-17.00; Tue – Fri: 8.00 – 19.00; Sat, Week: 8.30 – 15.00

One of the most important places in Athens is the Temple of Poseidon on the Sounion Island, which has long been a landmark for seafarers. Miss Sounion is loved by the beautiful sunsets that fill the sky with marvelous bright red colors. You can get to this place by renting a car or by taking the Athens-Sounion intercity bus. And don’t forget to make a wish for the day when the sun sets at the bottom of the temple, as it seems that it will be difficult to wake up.

Based in Greece, numerous tourists come to Athens to enjoy a wide range of excursion programs. You can book an excursion directly with a tour operator or find a private guide. Some of the most enjoyable excursions are a tour of the Acropolis and the old city, a sightseeing tour of Athens, an excursion to Argolis from Athens, and ancient Athens. The great number of excursions does not detract from the knowledge of the most talented tourist - you will always find the best experience for yourself.

Hotels Athens

Like any other metropolis, Athens has a large number of hotels in different price categories. You can find a budget option for accommodation, or choose a luxurious five-star hotel for your holiday in Athens, located right on the seashore. Moreover, according to research on the Hotels.com portal, they are found to be available in Europe. The average cost of accommodation is no more than 2500 rubles per person.