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Energodar zabrudnennya wikids in povіtrya. Atmospheric zabrudnennya povitrya. How to start

The problem of obstruction of the atmosphere is one of the urgent and folding problems of accessibility. People want to know the way out - the wine is ecologically clean and the view is fired, new ways of utilizing the incoming passages are being developed, some materials are being developed for testing and business.

The main dzherela, which wicks the atmosphere, is anthropogenic and natural. Natural dzherelo is what you see in nature with a greater or lesser regularity. No matter where you go, it’s unlikely that if it’s possible to get the head of the volcano, it’s guaranteed that you will get rid of the foxes.

Anthropogenic influx into the atmosphere come through the people. Here you can see the development and expansion of industrial enterprises, a fire-power complex, machinery and equipment, and transport.

It is even more abundant in the atmosphere to come up with gas-like streams, such as shkodyat їy, ale, it’s not a matter of forgetting about hard particles - saws, soot, kіptyavi. In districts, de-concentrated industrial enterprises, the permanent components of the same steel are not safe important metals such as nickel, copper, cadmium, mercury, lead, vanadium and chromium. The problem of drinking in a great amount of lead becomes especially dangerous.

In the 20th century, there has been a significant change in ozone and carbon dioxide. As a rule, the burning of vicopious firing increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the food. The price will be to accommodate the sounds of tropical forests, which transform the gas storage of the atmosphere.

The traces of the atmosphere are rich in nature. It is difficult to learn more about the quality of natural ecosystems. The atmosphere in that particular region is difficult to judge by the camp of the green cover of the planet - lisiv.

Biocenoses of lis_v suffer from the inflow of acidic planks. Such boards are subject to alcoholic dioxides. At the same time, they set up, that coniferous species of trees in a large world were shrinking to a negative infusion of acidic boards, lower than broad-leaved. Chi varto say, that most of us are hungry for nesting at the great industrial centers.

Not less important is the problem of attaching and stonewalling the ozone ball, insight into ozone dir. Tse viclikano overworldly victorious freons in the side of that virobnistvі.

Krim freons in the atmosphere are wicked and such gases, like nikols earlier in the її warehouse bully vіdsutnі. So, the amount of gas in the atmosphere is imperceptibly less than the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but all the same, the stench may not be safe.

In 20 centuries, the atmosphere is obstructed for additional radioactive elements. Dzherelo such zabrudnenya - tse test vibuhi when testing a new type of animal - water-borne or, in addition, virobnitsa nuclear energy, and nuclear reactors. It’s a global catastrophe, like an accident in Chornobil, that has rapidly and significantly ruined the atmosphere.

Natural processes occurring in the biosphere give rise to a negative influx of inheritance more and more. Happily, at this stage of the biosphere, it still takes care of self-regulation, but as long as you can neutralize it, you want to lead people to the minimum of Skoda. However, there is a borderline, for the yakim - the unkindness of the biosphere of the economy is necessary for an equip. If there is a problem, ecological catastrophe takes place, people are already stuck in some regions of the world.

I was able to become a permanent companion of the great megalopolises, ozone, clearly known in the atmosphere of the planet, the greenhouse effect - by those who are constantly clear of the information lines in the mass information. It is not difficult to become an obedient manifestation of great places, and their population is not pristosovuvatisya until the new center of living. At the least step, the awareness of the destruction of the ecological situation on the planet lies with us. The obstruction of the atmosphere with people has taken on a threatening scale, and dikhati brute podvitryam in bagatokh missions on earthly courage, has become the norm.

It’s not possible to live any kind of zusil, the inheritance of the atmosphere for the midst of life and winter, for human civilization, it can be deplorable. Already this year's indirect victories have been evaluated by scores, hundreds of millions of dollars in the field of ecological safety. So, it is not difficult to obstruct the articles with a permanent and unrecognizable attribute of the coming generation.

The main reasons for the obstruction of the atmosphere of our planet

One of the main natural riches, like the planet Earth, is the atmosphere. Kilka ball will set up a unique chemistry warehouse:

  • nitrogen 78%;
  • kissen 21%;
  • less than 1% attack on іnshі gases, including CO2, helium, water, argon, neon and methane.

Such a gas storehouse of the earthly fortune, having appeared on the planet, millions of rocky in that first forms of life, having protected the root of the biosphere, the root of minds for the discovery of all living things on the Earth. At all times, the environment is clean and the environment is safe and the development of human civilization is promoted by the brains' minds. Itself from now on I will start to lay down the feeling of people, seemingly, health and well-being of the whole nation.

At the end of an hour, the camp of the midst of the world in the biosphere of the planet is constantly changing. Tse bulo viclikano due to natural, natural processes, which stretched out on the milyardi rock. The biosphere of the planet was occasionally affected. They knew one vid, they were the ones. In such a rank, the smallest change of atmospheric food, concentration, shkіdlivі for all living things.

The emergence of a man of intelligence bowed to the natural course of speeches in nature. The first plan is to get a piece of the atmosphere, the wickedness of the boisterous spirit of the people. However, to look at the problem of slid on a global scale, assessing skin factors, the fate of which is negatively recognized at the turn of the century. Thus, the lack of awareness of people played a role in the destruction of the situation, however, it has been reported today that the nature of the change in the back world, the global obstruction of the atmosphere, as a result of the extreme The primary factor in the improvement of the atmosphere is the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the warehouse, including carbon dioxide and other important houses.

The negative changes in the chemistry of the atmosphere are not in themselves. There was a lot of trouble, some of them were lost by the principals, and some of them appeared as a result of piece processes. At the same time, ecologists are currently on the right with two types of dzherel zabrudnennya:

  • nature dzherela zabrudnennya atmosphere;
  • anthropogenic dzherela obrudnennya atmosphere.

With the natural dzherel, which is infused into the atmosphere of the Earth, the people can be right for more than one thousand years. The lithosphere of the planet is actively taking care of the fate of the shaping of our atmosphere. Volcanoes on the stretch of the whole planet during the period of their activity regularly infused our atmosphere of gray, millions of tons at once with carbon dioxide and important metals poured a great deal of energy into living organisms. Lies are dead, natural erosion of the surface ball to the soil and other cataclysms, which are seen in the history of the planet earlier and are fueled by the year, contribute to the change of the chemistry warehouse of the weather.

However, our planet has an indiscriminately large resource and is struggling independently with such things. On the right - the anthropogenically difficult atmosphere, which is not tied to the middle of the human mind. The scale of the participation of people in the process of the destruction of the earth's atmosphere began to clearly manifest with the growth of social and political activity.

Main dzherela obrudnennya atmosphere

The struggle for vision was natural, the yaku led the people with a stretch of thousands of years, the spat did not have a large-scale character. However, in the world of its own power, people are more and more actively becoming to enter into single combat with nature, replenishing the satisfaction of their consumers and ambitions. Even in Ancient Rome, the intensive development of the fleet led to a large-scale virus of leaves, but immediately led to a change in the climate in Europe and to a change in the middle of the population. Nadal was honored with the era of agricultural farming, which led to a grandiose virus of leaves on the scale of all regions. The development of seafaring and the struggle at the sea have relieved the natural forests of the whole country. Unimportant to those who are not big on the scale of the planet, it has become the first alarming signal that the people will not get lost in their bazhanna vikoristovuvati resources of the planet.

In the 17th-18th century, the promislov revolution gave rise to a new merciless vikorystannya of natural resources, which secretly became known in the atmosphere of our planet. The onset of 200 years have become a period in the history of human civilization, since people, through their actions, have not become obstructed by the norm of our experience.

The main pieces of dzherel for our atmosphere are:

  • metallurgical enterprises, chemical plants and factories, pallet and machinery equipment;
  • the development of the Silskoy government, tied from the stasis of the mineral good;
  • the transport haluz (production of automobiles, lithuanians, rocket technology) is rapidly developing.

On a whole, you can talk about the classification of processes, which is infused into the mill. To look at the physical, biological and chemical problems. Physical complications are tied to the large number of industrial and side saws. The obstruction of the atmosphere with saws, great fragments, filled with radionuclides, become potentially unsafe for the health of people. It is possible to bring in a large amount of products injected by people, electromagnetics, injections of thermal and noise factors. In the whole aspect, radioactive obstruction of the atmosphere, wikipedia with the inheritance of nuclear viprobuvan and technogenic accidents, has become one of the most insecure phenomena in the XX century.

Biological factories, which infuse into the chemistry warehouse because of our atmosphere, mainly due to the increased activity of the planet's biosphere. The emergence of new bacteria and viruses, toxic products of the life of living organisms є the destruction of the biological warehouse of our food. However, the most intense and intense atmosphere of the planet is responsible for chemical processes.

At the time of the volcano's heights, which at one moment wicked into the sky dozens of tons of crimson, toxic gases and pop, the power of industrial objects is menshy. However, the tse is not safe, I will threaten the person who sees it only in an hour. Here I can help you with a whole range of factors, the middle of which are stationary dzherela obrudnennya and transport. Prior to the stationary dzherel, the industry's promises are being introduced, as there are large-scale Wikidi promises that will bring them into the atmosphere. Wikidi of chemical industry is to be found in the main toxic chemical elements. At the same time, the industrial complex of the shkodi is the factory of victorian products of the by-run chemistry at the by-run rivn.

Aerosol obrudnennya povitrya є the inherited increase in scale in the process of development of energy gases. Х drink into the atmosphere and increase the concentration to produce up to the destruction of the ozone ball of the planet. Shkodi is responsible for the earthly forms of life and the enrichment of the atmosphere with nitrogen oxides, aldehydes and sulfur dioxide, as in great concentration they melt into flakes.

The streak of the growth of the planet's population is wikipedia to the improvement of the transport infrastructure. On the thought of ecologists in our places, the main problem is the car. Hundreds of millions of cars today wicketly obstruct the atmosphere with swirling gases. The products of robotic movement of the internal fire - the process of making a lot of talk, which will inevitably accumulate in the surface sphere of fire, flashing rapidly.

Main health and safety issues

In this chi іnshіy world of change of the gas warehouse, inevitably, one will inevitably see on the camp of the biosphere and withers for the health of people. Ecological organizations, who are engaged in monitoring and control of the obstruction of the weather, today may provide information about those, that the indicators of the obstruction of the atmosphere have changed the permissible values. So, the number of high-energy components in the earth's world has changed the permissible norm.

The promises of growth, the globalization of the economy, the growth of the population of the planet were brought up before they began to eat into the atmosphere of the planet in the majestic numbers of onset, long and not safe speeches and components:

  • Dioxide in carbon in an increased concentration will ruin the natural heat exchange of our planet, taking in the climate;
  • oxide is in coal, wine is a foul gas, at great concentrations I will remove everything alive;
  • dnannya in carbohydrates in transferable doses become toxic for people,
  • pohіdnі sіrki, drinking in the whirling ball of the atmosphere, to produce acid plates until the setting. Such boards, viable for dozens, hundreds of kilometers from the dzherel wikids, drive the rosinness and inflict a catastrophic beat on the Silskoy government;
  • spoluks of nitrogen (oxides of nitrogen) at a great concentration to produce up to an increase in sickness of dichny nobles, to an increase in the number of heart-vascular pathologies;
  • radionuclides, falling at the same time with litter on the surface of the planet, accumulate in living organisms, provoking the growth of genetic acceleration and cancerous diseases.

Traces of the destruction of the good fortune for the people

The warehouse of the atmosphere, with which I can celebrate this year on Earth, is far from the same, which is only 100-200 years old. Not even seem to be about those twins, like the ancient Greeks or Egyptians. Every day, to play a direct link to the improvement of the number of people who are not safe for life and health, to reduce the level of the people in the surrounding powers. Only for the last 100 years, since the intensive industrialization of the economy has gone away, it has come to grips with the low new, previously uncommon pathologies and ailments. Tse є a direct inheritance of the midst of the demise of the human race. The setting of the atmosphere in this particular category is of the order of magnitude.

In all aspects, the idea of ​​the problem and the obstruction of the atmosphere is becoming topical. The onset of 30-50 rockies will become a turning point for people: if a man appears on the edge of a life, we will breathe in a clean, happy life, joy in life in the minds of saved nature.

In this hour, activism is spared not only by the huge, non-resilient organizations to protect the midst of the community. An assessment of the real scale of dashing in the scientific sports industry has led to the fact that the problem of obstruction has become increasingly important to the state level. A wonderful butt of the gurting position of the people in the whole food was Kiootska climatic pleasing and Parisian international conference. Itself at the cich international forums, the main problems were fixed, which people need to fight to save the climate on the planet. It is a great world to eat and to preserve the planet's atmosphere.

The zachist of the atmosphere is of a global nature. Within the framework of the available services, there are a number of ways to address the problem, one of which is to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases for industrial applications. Significant place in the field of struggle for the purity of the international program for the conservation of the ozone ball of our planet. A change in the amount of air pollution allowed to change the atmosphere of energy gases.

The shift of motor transport to electric traction and the environmentally friendly types of fire, it is quite possible to change the difficulty in the world, like the current, up to the grave scale.

The inhabitants of Shanghai and Deli are responsible for the data of the environmental organizations of the most difficult turners. Unimportant on the grandeur of the population, the gigantic megalopolises represent for the people themselves the world of living on our planet. However, to visit such countries, such as China and India, are actively using programs this year, directing themselves to the struggle to preserve a clean food and a great middle ground. Be it a plant or a magnificent chemical combine, which earlier had troubled the whole district, this year it will be guilty of the criticism or it is modernized in a manner consistent with ecological safety.

not predicted

Only collective zusillas, directing for a change in the number of anthropogenic dzherels, can give a result. People have reached that maximum, if one and only self-help does not bring success. Our atmosphere is the price of our spilnya nadbannya, which is why we strive for the purity of the demand spirally, with all the light.

Switching to alternative energy dzherela, allow you to see the boiler in the near future, which is the main dzherela of energy. Only two or three dozen thermal power plants in China will allow changing the number of high-powered wikis in the atmosphere by 10-15%. Yaksho so come to work on a planetary scale, success guarantees. On the opinion of experts, a change in the number of vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines by one third, even after five rockets, allow the reduction of the number of awkward words in the warehouse by 20-25%.

- See the atmosphere
- Main dzherela zabrudnen
- Dzherela laughs
- Heads of atmospheric food

The atmosphere can be enclosed by:

1) natural (natural), wicked natural processes (volcanic activity, vivitryuvannya girskikh breeds, vitrophyrozіyuyu, masovim flowers of roslin, dim from fossil and steppe fires);

2) anthropogenic, tied with the wikid of the young wanderings in the process of human activity. For its scale, it has significantly overturned the natural environment of the atmosphere.

Regardless of the scale, the broader visualization of the growing type of atmosphere:

1) mіstsev, which is characterized by the growth of intervening conversations in small territories (misto, industrial district, silskogospodarska zone, etc.);

2) regional - in the sphere of the negative, meaning to the vastness, but not the whole planet, is injected;

3) globally, tied to the changing camp of the atmosphere as a whole, to bring about a gradual accumulation of climatic and ecological changes on a planetary scale.

- Main dzherela zabrudnen

So, as the factor of the atmosphere can be linked with natural processes, and with the strength of the people, then all the development of the environment is taken by the nature and the piece (anthropogenic).

Until the first time it comes to nature, it is a mineral, dewy or microbiological hike, which comes into the atmosphere as a result of volcanic eaves of volcanoes, woodlands. In addition, he was a natural bruiser, he drank, how to get used to the result of ruining girskikh breeds, sawing woods, seeing food, etc.

Piece (anthropogenic) factors of atmospheric disturbance are added to transport vehicles, when traveling, traveling, sea and river transport; virobnichi - wikidi, which are seen as a result of technological processes; by-by - to set up when burning a fire for burning and preparing a fire, as well as when processing by-by input.

The main part of the atmosphere in the industrial development of the region is the automobile transport.

- Dzherela laughs

In Danish hour, the main dzherelnya obrudneniya atmospheric fever є nasty galuzy:

1) Thermal and nuclear power plants. Boiler installations.
In the process of burning a solid, abrasive fire into the atmosphere, dim is seen to take revenge on the products of a potent (carbon dioxide and water vapor) and non-constant (oxide in carbon, water, nitrogen, carbohydrate and in.) Burning. The obsyag of the energetic wikids is a great one. So, the thermal power plant is currently required to pull 2.4 million kW of vitrach for up to 20 thousand tons. T vugіlla і wikid into the atmosphere per hour 680 t of S02 і S03, 120-140 t of solid particles (ash, saw, soot), 200 t of nitrogen oxides.

Relocation of installations on the bed of palivo (fuel oil) reduces the amount of solids, but practically does not change the amount of water and nitrogen oxides. Naybіlsh ecologically gas fired, like three times less bothersome atmosphere, like fuel oil, and five times less, less warming.

Dzherela zabrudnennya due to toxic speech at nuclear power plants (AES) - radioactive iodine, radioactive energy gases and aerosols. Great dzherelo energetic zabrudnenya of the atmosphere - opaluvalny system of inhabitants (boiler plants) even a little nitrogen oxides, a little bit of products of unrepentant zgoryannya. Through a small height of Dimov pipes, toxic speech at high concentrations grows close to boiler installations.

2) Chorna and Kolorova metallurgy.
With one ton of steel, 0.04 tons of solid particles, 0.03 tons of sulfur oxides, and up to 0.05 tons of carbon oxide, and also in small quantities such non-safe particles, such as manganese, lead, phosphorus, mish bet mercury and in. In the process of steelmaking, steam and gas emissions are released into the atmosphere, which are stored with phenol, formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia and other toxic rivers. The atmosphere is also quite difficult at agglomeration factories, with blast-furnace and ferroalloys.

The values ​​of wikidi gases, which go to the saw, to extinguish toxic speech, are indicated at the plants of color metallurgy during the processing of lead-zinc, middle, sulfide ores, during the processing of aluminum.

3) Chemistry.
The wikidi of the galuzy wants to be small for a lot (close to 2% of all industrial wikids), protesting at their high toxicity, significant versatility and concentration, become a significant threat to people and all. On the occasional chemical industry, the atmosphere can be hardened with water oxides, fluorine, ammonia, nitrous gases (total nitrogen oxides), chlorides with water, water, inorganic drank, etc.).

4) Wikidi road transport.
There are hundreds of millions of cars in the world, which make a great number of naphtha products, but sometimes it’s atmospheric, we are now in front of the great places. So, in Moscow, 80% of all foreign wikis are brought into the atmosphere by motor transport. Vichlopny gases in internal combustion (especially carburetor ones) to compensate for the great number of toxic spoluks - benz (a) pyrene, aldehydes, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide and especially in the unsafe release of lead (gasoline)

Numerous large numbers of high-quality gasses in the warehouses of commercial gases can be installed without the use of a regular vehicle cleaning system. Correct regulation allows the reduction of the number by 1.5 times, and special neutralizers reduce the toxicity of flammable gases in many and more times.

Intensively obstructing the atmospheric heat, it is also possible to get overwhelmed with the kind of processing of mineral water, at naphtho-and gas processing plants (Fig. 13.2), when the saw and gas are taken from the underground trees, see the mountains. ... In rural areas in the openings of atmospheric food, food and drink farms, industrial complexes for food production, pesticide powdering, etc.

- Heads of atmospheric food

The head of the atmosphere (pollutants) of atmospheric food, which is set in the process of alcoholic and human activity, - sodium dioxide (SO2), carbon oxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOX) and some solid particles,% Shkіdlivіkh speeches, and іх concentration of the most often overlap the admissible equivalents in the bagatokh places of the Russian Federation. In the midst of the main ones, in the atmosphere of the towns and villages, there are more than 70 types of spirits, the middle ones are formaldehyde, fluoride, lead spirits, ammonia, phenol, benzene, alcohol, benzine

Most of the atmosphere is not safe - radioactive. In the last hour, it has been accumulated in the main globally by globally living radioactive isotopes-products of nuclear waste.

Another form of obstruction of the atmosphere є locally overwhelmingly superior heat from anthropogenic dzherel. To serve as the so-called thermal zones ("heat islands") in the places with the familiarity of the thermal (thermal) obstruction of the atmosphere.

In general, as judging by the official data for the last 10 years, when the atmospheric weather in our country, especially in the localities, is difficult, it is too high, not to be affected by a significant decline in the number of years, to drive the car

Material of preparations by Dilyaroy specially for the site

(CO) is a non-barn gas, which does not smell, it is also called “foul gas”. Confirm as a result of an unrepentant burning of a vicious fire (vugil, gas, naphtha) in the minds of an unstable sourness at low temperatures. With a total of 65% of all wikis' attacks on transport, 21% - on other survivors and the by-beat sector, and 14% - on industry. When inhaled, a foul gas for a rakhunok is evident in the molecule of the subordinate connection, which establishes a complex connection with the hemoglobin of the blood of a human being and by itself blocking the proper souring in the roof.

Carbon dioxide (CO 2) - or carbon dioxide gas, is a barless gas with an acidic smell and relish, a product of repeated oxidation in carbon. Є one of greenhouse gases.

Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) (sulfur dioxide, dry anhydride) is a barless gas with a pungent odor. To take part in the process of burning of sirkovy vikopnyh types of fire, in the main vugilla, as well as during the processing of brine ores. Wine, in the first place, take care of the fate of the acidic boards. The global wikid SO 2 is estimated at 190 million tons per ric. Tryvala dіya sіrki dіoxidu on ludin to produce a confluence to the loss of relish impressions, cramped dichotomy, and then - to fired up a load of legends, interruptions in heart dіyalnosti, disruption of blood circulation and dysfunction.

Nitrogen oxide (oxide and nitrogen dioxide) - gas-like speech: nitrogen monoxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO 2 are combined with the same formula NO x. During all the processes of mining, nitrogen oxide is established, and moreover, it is very much oxide. The temperature is low, the temperature is intense, and the nitrogen oxide is set. The largest dzherel of nitrogen oxides from the industry, which vibrates good nitrogen, nitric acid and nitrate, anilin barvniki, nitrospoluks. The amount of nitrogen oxides coming into the atmosphere is 65 million tons per day. As a result, nitrogen oxides fall into the atmosphere for the transport of 55%, for energy - 28%, for industrial enterprises - 14%, for other households and the by-run sector - 3%.

Ozone (O3) is a gas with a characteristic odor, a strong oxidizing gas, and a low acidity. It can be brought to the most toxic because of the wretched ones who get lost in every house. In the lower atmospheric sphere, ozone is established as a result of photochemical processes for the participation of nitrogen dioxide and summer organic spoluks.

In carbohydrates - cheery spoluces in coal and water. Before them, there are thousands of young, foreign atmosphere of speech, which can be found in non-burning gasoline, ids, stored at chemists, industrial distributors, etc.

Lead (Pb) is a silver-gray metal, toxic in any form. It is widely used for the production of farbs, ammunition, typographic alloy, etc. Close to 60% of the lead videotape is well vitrized for the production of acidic accumulators. However, the main dzherel (close to 80%) of the atmosphere is obstructed by lead є vikhlopnі gases and transport sources, in which vikorystovuuyuvuyutsya gasoline.

The industrial saw in the fallowness is due to the mechanism;

  • mechanical saw - to be asserted in the result of product refinement in the course of the technological process;
  • sublimate - as a result of a large condensation of steam vapors with cooled gas, which is passed through a technological apparatus, an installation or a unit;
  • flying ash - to be found in the dim gas in the raised camp, so that the overflow of fire does not burn up, to be set up from the mineral houses in the mountain;
  • promislova soot - to enter the warehouse of promislovoy wikid solid highly dispersed carbon, to establish itself in case of incomplete burning or thermal distribution in carbohydrates.

The main dzherels of anthropogenic aerosol are the heat and power plants (TES), which live in the country. Spaluvannya kam'yanogo vugіll, vyrobnitstvo cement and vyplavka chavun give a sumarny vikid saw into the atmosphere, rіvniy 170 million tons per rіk.

Div. also

posilannya

  • Technology for the recovery of the pool (atmosphere) from zabrudnen

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 rock.

Marvel at the same "Zabrudnenya Atmosphere" in the following dictionaries:

    obstruction of the atmosphere- Change to the atmosphere as a result of the appearance in new houses [GOST 17.2.1.04 77] Note When developing the NTD in the area of ​​atmospheric deterioration in the area of ​​anthropogenic obstruction, it is recommended to set the term "obstruction of the ... ... Dovidnik technical transfer

    Obstruction of the atmosphere- (English Contamination of atmosphere) in the Russian Federation, the violation of the rules of wikidu into the atmosphere of foreign speech, or the destruction of the operation of installations, with the construction of those facilities, which caused the situation to become obstructed by the snake of natural authorities ... Encyclopedia of Law

    obstruction of the atmosphere- Obbrudnennya atmospheric dust with solid and rare particles, as well as gases, but do not enter the warehouse. Syn.: Atmospheric harmony; gas pollution ... Glossary of geography

    legal vocabulary

    AN ENCHANTED ATMOSPHERE- the breakdown of the rules of the wikid in the atmosphere of foreign speech, for the breakdown of the rules for the operation of installations, with the construction of those facilities, which caused the day to become obstructed by the snake of the natural authorities by and by. Falling from gravity ... ... Legal encyclopedia

    Obstruction of the atmosphere- 4. Obstruction of the atmosphere D. Luftverunreinigung, Vorgang E. Air pollution, contamination F. Pollution dair A change to the atmosphere as a result of the presence in these houses of Dzherelo ... Dictionnaire-previdnik of terms of normative and technical documentation

    obstruction of the atmosphere- atmosferos tarša statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Žmogaus veiklos ar gamtinių procesų sukeltas atmosferos sudėties pokytis dėl teršalų koncentracijos padidėjimo, neigiamai veiklos ar gamtinių procesų sukeltas atmosferos sudėties pokytis dėl teršalų koncentracijos padidėjimo. atitikmenys: angl. ... ... Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

    AN ENCHANTED ATMOSPHERE- ecologic waste, transfer of art. 251 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, є to the ruin of the rules of wikidu into the atmosphere of foreign speech, or to the ruin of the operation of installations, the construction of those facilities, if the diannya was brought to obstruction ... ... Dictionnaire of Criminal Law

    obstruction of the atmosphere- ecologic waste, transfer of art. 251 of the RF CC. On the other hand, I will put the rules of the Wikidu to be broken into the atmosphere of foreign speech or the operation of installations, constructing those facilities, which caused the disturbance, or ... ... Great legal vocabulary

    Violation of the rules of the wikid in the atmosphere of foreign speech, for the violation of the rules for the operation of installations, with the construction of those facilities, which caused the day to become obstructed, because of the wickedness of the natural authorities because of the hard times ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Economics and Law

books

  • Ecology of the Middle East. Navchalnyy pros_bnik for universities, Sazonov E.V. , In the navchalnyy posibnik, the main dzherela of the hardening of the place, like the middle of the population, is described, and its ecological model is described. Given the classification of problems and criteria for assessing the quality ... Category: Pidruchniki: add. wanderers Series: Russian University Vidavets: Yurayt,
  • Ecology of the Middle East 2nd ed., Rev. і add. Navchalniy posibnik for SPO, Edward Volodimirovich Sazonov, In the Navchalniy posibnik, the main dzherela of the world, like the middle of the population, is described, and its ecological model is described. Given the classification of problems and criteria for assessing the quality ... Category:

See the atmosphere. For GOST 17.2.1.01-76 Wikidi into the atmosphere of the classification: by modular mill: 1) gas-like(SO 2, CO, NO x, in carbohydrates), 2) рідкі(Acids, meadows, salts, metal, organic spoluces), 3) solid aerosol (carcinogenic speech, lead that spoluki, drank, soot); by wikid (T / dobu): 1)< 0,01; 2) 0,01-0,1; 3) 0,1-1; 4) 1-10; 5) 10-100; 6) > 100; behind the size of solid particles (Mkm): 1) up to 1; 2) 1-10; 3) 10-50; 4) more than 50; behind the size of rare particles (Mkm): 1)< 0,5 — супертонкий туман; 2) 0,5-3 — тонкодисперсный туман; 3) 3-10 — грубодисперсный туман; 4) более 10 — брызги.

Up to the warehouse of aerosols, you should enter 4 groups of words: solid carbon (soot), sulfates, organic spolucks, water.

A special type of atmosphere obstruction is radioactive nuclei (Div. P. 2.3.6).

Natural atmosphere It can be triggered by fires, saw storms, volcanic bursts, blistering discharges (synthesis of nitrogen oxides). Apply: the head of the Krakatau volcano in 1883, when it covered a large part of the sky with the Earth with a saw; sawstorm 1975 r the Sahara wilderness, which reached the lands of Yugoslavia.

The main dzherela of anthropogenic obstruction of the atmosphere. In the developed regions, the main atmosphere is the heat and power industry (thermal power plants), industry (metallurgy and cement backwaters) and motor transport. In Russia in the 90s. The shorter wikis of the wikis in the atmosphere reached 40 Mt (close to 6% of the wikis), including those of the stationary dzherels - about 20 Mt. Among them, the share of heat and power industry wikis became 27%, black and color metallurgy - 35, naphtha and naphtochemical - 15, budgetary industry - 8, chemical industry - 2%. Part of the transport - 30-35% of the foreign mass of wikis, including motor transport - 95%, lithuanians - 2.5, water transport - 2.5%. In the United States, transport is the main source of transportation - more than 50%.

The promises of the hardening are not importantly tied with the coffin or the spalling of the cam'yan and brown wood. So, for an hour, 1 ton of coke oven gas will be converted to close to 300 m 3 of coke oven gas. Vіn crіm water and methane, as it becomes 70-90% of the zagalny obsyag, revenge close to 4-5% CO, 2-3% in carbohydrates, 5-10% nitrogen and this spoluk. Close to 6% of the gas is absorbed and enters the atmosphere.

When viplavtsi 1 ton, the vikid saw should be close to 4.5 kg, and with clean gas - 2.7 kg. Along with the blast-furnace gas, the atmosphere can also vikidayutsya in small amounts of poluka mis'yaku, phosphorus, surmi, lead, mercury vapor and rare metals, cyanosis water and in. I will look at the great ossyagi of melted chavun (hundreds of millions of tons), the scale of the work of the metallurgical factories is great.

However, on a large scale, it’s hard to get bogged down with a saw, oxides of water and nitrogen, and those shkidlivny speeches during the burning of electricity at thermal power stations. So, the current thermal power plant will have a capacity of 2.4 million kW of vitrach up to 20 thousand. The tonnage for adding and wicking into the atmosphere is close to 680 tonnes of sulfur oxides, 200 tonnes of nitrogen oxides, 120-240 tonnes of solid particles (ash, soot, saw).

Chemistry to create toxic gases in the atmosphere. Her heritage is pouring into the biosphere, people are tragic. In 1984, in the Bhopal municipality in India, during an accident at the power station, 40 tons of toxic gases were needed, which caused 2.5 thousand tons to die. Chol. and more than 50 yew. chol. In the Mexican community of Segodad, for the rakhunok of the bran food brought from the territory of the United States, a lot of children were given mercury to take revenge in the viglyad suspension. 8 yew died. Chol.

The main problem for the atmosphere is motor transport - 30-70%. The total strain of car engines is greater than the strain of thermal power plants. In the SRSR, wikidi of shkidlivnyh speech became cars (80-90% vantage) (million tons / rіk): in 1960 - close to 10, in 1970 - 22, in 1980 - 39. Automobiles in the 80s. In the great places of the world (New York, Moscow, Tokyo and in.), the automobile part of obstruction due to oxide carbon becomes 90-99 %, in carbohydrates - 65-90%, nitrogen oxides - up to 33%. The first steps of the obstruction of the large vehicles are blocked by the paths of ill health and life, in some places - deadly, especially if the wikidah promises to do so.

In the great places with the great power of motor transport, the cauldron that burns kam'yan vugilya, naphtha products, when stagnant, turn up zmіg - sumish dima with a foggy fog. We must take revenge on the high concentration of carbon dioxide gas, sulfur oxides, nitrogen and nitrogen gas, which is not safe for the life of people.

Put it on. 1. In Los Angeles, up to 60 days on the river, there is a strong photochemical fog through the obstruction of traffic. At the end of the photoreaction, nitrate, ozone, organic peroxide, peroxylacetylnitrate are established. 2. At m Donor (USA) 26 July 1948 r thick fog - zmіg - banging on the doors of the house. Zakvorіlo close 6 yew. Chol., 20 chol. died. 3. In London, in 1952, more than 4 yew were affected in 3-4 days in the smog. Chol. The head shk_dlivim component of the buv is serky oxide SO2.

Smog and acid boards - put negative influx of people into nature. Vono accepts all the more threatening character.

Zagalna masa anthropogenic obstruction of the atmosphere become close to 700 Mt / rіk. The data on the number of words, guided in table 2.1, are of the original, the odd odor is even worse from the older authors. Tse is surrounded by the great colony of natural and anthropogenic wikids. When fired, it is also possible to set up a bet of water and CO 2.

Table 2.1. Masa rechovin, mainly in the atmosphere, Mt / rіk

As much as half of the anthropogenic obstruction of the atmosphere of CO, NOx, SO 2, in carbohydrates, is tied to motor vehicles, the number of cars in a warehouse is close to 500 million, and the number of cars is constantly growing.

CO. The main anthropogenic dzherelo - more than 80% of the gas in cars (~ 260 Mt / rіk). Stink to revenge yogo up to 15%. In nature, most of the dzherelo CO - lisov pozhezhi.

SO 2 . Lyudin yogo (70%) and fuel oil (16%). Naturally dzherelo - dyuchy volcanoes.

NO x- NO and NO 2. Get up to speed with thunderstorms and robots.

in carbohydrates C n H x . Їх smut dzherelo - roslini (~ 1,000 Mt / rіk). The main anthropogenic dzherelo is vikhlopny gas and motor transport (more than 60%).

The infusion of the hardened atmosphere on lyudin, fauna and flora In the organism of people and food, they consume the atmosphere very much (by 90%) through the system of energy. In the organisms of high school houses, there is a toxic effect, to stand on the back to cleanse the dichal tract, and to use the noses of the out-of-mouth channels. The main types of sickness from health problems: bronchitis, asthma; heart-damned sickness; ailments of the eyes.

Put it on. CO be found with hemoglobin blood. At a concentration of more than 0.4%, the state of health is lost, at 2-5%, a decrease in the psychomotor functions of the brain is observed, at 5-10%, the health of hearts and legends is destroyed, and at 10% it is more light, headaches, headaches death. oxides of sirki SO 2 , SO 3 and sirchan acid can also be used to produce illnesses and legends. Acidic boards make a great shkodi of greatness, often ruin її on great territories, far from dzherel zabrudnenya. nitrogen oxideі products їх in conjunction with carbohydrates, the type of peroxylacetylnitrate (PAN) wicks hot eyes, cramping of the breast, severe cough.

ozone problem About 3 . Vvazhaєtsya, the ball ozone in the atmosphere at a height of 20-60 km serve as a shield for living organisms, protecting them from the sharp ultraviolet vipromynuvannya Sontsya. It is assumed that the ultraviolet radiation is strongly clayed with the dyes of 0.22-0.29 microns (220-290 nm). Food vmist O3 (P ozone / P in production) "10 6 become 0.029% (1961-1962) up to 0.031% (1972-1974). in kvіtnі (0.033-0.035%), and the minimum amount, in zhovtnі (0.027%).

The cyclic change instead of ozone can be explained by: 11-cycle sleep activity; the circulation of the atmosphere, such as to produce oxides of nitrogen, chlorine, freons before the transfer of oxides to nitrogen, chlorine, freons, and the stench catalyze the process of O3 to O2. However, there is a lot of obscurity here. So, in the first place, the molecules of the significant catalysts are much more important than the molecules of the powder (O2 and N 2) and then the higher the atmosphere is small. My friend, at a height of more than 20 km, the atmosphere is even worse, the concentration of molecules is even smaller and the reaction is quick and the reaction with the catalyst particles is a vinyatkov pod. Thirdly, the very mechanism of the photochemical reaction of ultraviolet with ozone molecules, fragments of atoms to ozone, on the basis of atoms of oxygen, cannot be oxidized (consumed by electricity). On a fourth, the illumination of ozone depths in the polar regions can be easily explained by the low, in general, in the daytime (in the polar low) the flow of sleepy ultraviolet viprominuvannya, as well as the generation of ozone with acidity. In other words, ultraviolet viprominuvannya is better for clay, but not ozone, and ozone does not clutter anybody.

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