Mіdna ore and technology vidobutku purely mіdі

Mіd, actively vikoristovuvana practically in all galuzia of industry, vyobuvatsya from іnіh ores, nyposhirenіshoyu from what є bornіt. The popularity of the center of mine ore is explained not only by the high volume of mine in the storehouse, but by the significant reserves of bornite in the nadra of our planet.

Genera of middle ores

Мідні ore - the price of buying up minerals, in which, in the middle of the world, there are іnshі elements, how to mold their power, the time of the nickel. Up to the category of middle-class ores, such types of ores can be covered, in which the given metal can be found in such a quantity, which is economically dots of cost by industrial methods. Such minds are satisfied with the ore, instead of being in the range of 0.5-1%. Our planet has a stock of copper-containing resources, the main part of which (90%) is stored in copper-nickel ore.

A large part of reserves of miner ores in Russia is located in the Skhidny Siberia, on the Kolsky Piostrov, in the Ural region. The list of leaders for the total reserves of such ores includes Chili, as well as the development of genera in the offensive regions: the USA (porphyry ore), Kazakhstan, Zambia, Poland, Canada, Virmenia, Zaire, Peru (porphyry ore), Congo, Uzbekistan Fakhivtsi pidrahuvali, that in the great ancestors of all regions of the world it is possible to get close to 680 million tons. Naturally, food about those who videobuvayut me in the small lands, it is necessary to look around.

All genera of miner ores are divided into several categories, which are developed for genetic and industrial-geological characteristics:

• stratiform group, represented by middle shale and sandstone;
• ores of pyrite type, to which native and vein are introduced;
• hydrothermal, which includes ores, called mine-porphyry;
• magmatic, which are represented by broadened ores of the copper-nickel type;
• skarn type ores;
• carbonate, represented by ores of iron-copper and carbonatite type.

In Russia, it is important to live in the genera of the shale and food type, in which ore can be found in copper pyrite, mine-nickel and mine-porphyry forms.

Natural spheres with vstom mіdі

Pure honey, which itself is a nugget, is presented in nature in even insignificant quantities. Basically, in nature, there is a presence at the viglyadi of the young spoluks, the most widening of the springs.

• Bornit is a mineral, which I will name my own in honor of I. Bourne. Ce sulphide ore, chemical warehouse, which is characterized by the formula - Cu5FeS4. Bornit maє i іnshі name it: stringy pyrite, midniy purple. In nature, the ore is presented in two polymorphic forms: low-temperature Tetragonal-scalenedric (temperature less than 228 degrees) and high-temperature cubic-hexa-octahedral (more than 228 degrees). Denmark is a mineral that can be seen and fallen asleep. So, exogenous bornite is a second early sulfide, which is even more unstable and easily ruptures during vivitryvanna. Another type - endogenous bornite - is characterized by a non-perceptible chemical warehouse, in which there may be chalcocine, galenite, sphalerite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Theoretically, these types of minerals can include up to 25.5% of grain, up to 11.2% of saline and 63.3% of meat, but in practice it also doesn’t show up.
• Chalcopyrite is a mineral, chemical warehouse which is characterized by the formula CuFeS2. Chalcopyrite, which is highly hydrothermal, was previously called pyrite. The order of sphalerite and galenite wine is included in the category of polymetallic ores. Daniy is a mineral, yaky, krim midi, to place in its warehouses a zalizo and sirku, to form as a result of the progression of metamorphic processes and can be present in two types of middle ores: contact-metasomatic types (skarni).
• Chalkozin is a sulfide ore, a chemical warehouse which is characterized by the formula Cu2S. Such ore should be placed in its warehouse, a significant amount of medium (79.8%) and gray (20.2%). Quite often, this ore is called "middle blisk", as it will be explained by the way, that the surface of the viglyad was metal, and the volodya was made of red vidtinks - from lead-gray to absolutely black. In copper-containing ores, chalcocite is viglyadaє yak shchilny or other-granular inclusions.

Nature grows and grows more minerals, which can be found in their warehouses.

• Cuprite (Cu2O), which is referred to as minerals of the oxide group, can often be produced in mice, de malachite and native honey.
• Covellin is a sulfide rock, formed by a metasomatic path. First of all, it is a mineral, instead of a medium in which to become 66.5%, when it appears on the cob of a past century in the outskirts of Vesuvia. The infection of covellin is actively seen on the genera in such regions as the USA, Serbia, Italy, Chili.
• Malachite is a mineral, good vidomy usim yak stone. Singingly, everyone was playing virobi from the beautiful mineral in the photo, or to see them by the masters. Malachite, which is even more popular in Russia, is the price of carbon dioxide, or greens or dihydrocoxcarbonate, which can be referred to the category of polymetallic copper-containing ores. The knowledge of malachite is to be borne in mind about those who have entrusted the genera of these miners, who will take revenge on me. In our land, the great ancestor of this mineral is located in the region of Nizhny Tagil, before that they were added to the Urals, but at the same time the stocks there are significant and do not break up.
• Azurite is a mineral, which is also called "honey blakittyu" through its blue color. The wine is characterized by a hardness of 3.5-4 units, the main genus is distributed in Morocco, Namibia, Congo, England, Australia, France and Greece. Azurite is often grown with malachite and zalyagak in quiet places, de close to the roztashovany ancestry of copper-bearing sulfide-type ores.

Technologies virobniztva міді

For vitality from minerals and ores, about which they talked about, three technologies are stagnant in the current industry: hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical and electrolysis. The pyrometallurgical method of replacing medium, yak є nyposhirenіshoyu, in the form of syruvini vikorystovuє chalcopyrite. The technology of transmission of several last operations is given. At the first stage, the recovery of ore is carried out, for which oxidation vipal or flotation is carried out.

The flotation method is primed on the fact that an empty rock and a part of it, in which there is a place, to snake in a nice way. When all the mass is attached, breed into a bathtub with a small warehouse, in which chick bulbs are formed, that part, how to place mineral elements in your store, be transported by bulbs to the surface, adhering to them. A concentrate is collected from the bag on the surface of the bath - chornova honey, in which given metal there is 10 to 35%. Itself from such a powdery concentrate and go away.

In a way, it is an oxidizing vipal, for the help of which it is possible to store ore, but to put in your warehouse means a number of gray. The technology is given for transferring ore heating to a temperature of 700-8000, as a result of which sulphide is oxidized, and instead of the oil in the ore, it practically changes by a factor of two. To produce such a vipal ore, the ore is melted in drip or shaft furnaces at a temperature of 14,500, as a result of which matte is recovered - an alloy that can be stored from sulphides of medium and zaliza.

The power of the discarded matte slides of polystyrene, for which it is blown in horizontal converters without the addition of additional firing. As a result of such a random blowing, the salt and sulfide are oxidized, the oxide of the salt is transferred to the slag, and the water is transferred to SO2.

Chornova mean, as a result of such a process, to revenge up to 91% of the given to metal. The metal is clearer, it is necessary to know the refining of the media, for whom it is necessary to see the third-party houses. Tse reach for the additional technology of fire refining and acidified wine sulphate. Also refined media is called electrolytic, it is also allowed to trim metal with a purity of 99.9%.

There is a basic and hydrometallurgical way of recovering music, which can be used to respect metal using additional acid. As a result of such a problem, one can recognize the differences, both because of and in the mind and in the metal, including the expensive ones. The given technology is used for storing ores, which are characterized by even insignificant amount of media in their warehouses.

(Ні estimates. Become the first)