On Neptune, there is a lot of darkness. Burkhliva atmosphere of Neptune. Budova gas shell

Let's go for a walk through space on distant planets.

Vyavleniy 23 spring 1846 fate Neptune became the first planet, a zavdyaki math razrahunka, and not a path of regular caution. The appearance of non-transferable changes in the orbit of Uranus gave rise to the hypothesis about the unidentified planets, a gravitational disturbing inflow of such stench and amazement. Neptune buv knowledge in the boundaries of the transfer position. Nezabarom buv vіdkritiy i th companion Triton, prote іnshі 12 companions, vіdomі nі, boules unvіdomі until the XX century. The picture was taken by the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1989.

Neptune buv navyddalenishoi from the planet until 1999 rock, if Pluto collapses by ellipsus having retracted its status. Neptune, similar to Uranus, is stored in water, methane and ammonia, effluents in the same gas atmosphere, and stored in the main water and helium, and it can be stored in the main water and helium. Neptune's companion Triton is not similar to the one on its surface of the active volcano. The mystery of Triton's unseen orbit near Neptune is a subject of discussion and advice.

Let's turn to the history of the view of the whole planet:

About the size of the planet and their order: Upper row: Uranus and Neptune; bottom row: Earth, bilious dwarf Sirius B, Venus.

Theoretically-insured the circle of work was done by the English priest and amateur astronomer Thomas John Hassi (1792-1854) in 1834. Holy fathers brutalize respect for those who have not lost theory to practice. Uranium is seen from a specific trajectory. Tse bulo didn’t know, it didn’t come, but the fact was imposed on those, bіlya gas giant іsnu as well as great space. Vono and pouring on blakit-greenish blush and vede yogo in bik.

The amateur astronomer has shown his caution with his colleagues. In 1843 rotsi British mathematician and astronomer John Couch Adams(1819-1892) opened the orbit of the peredbachuvanoy planet. Independently seen, fahivets from heavenly mechanics French mathematician Urbain Lever'є(1811-1877), having also made a summary of the calculation. The rozrahovannaya їм orbit moved from the orbit of Adams at 11 °.

Le Verrier turned to the Nimetsky astronomer Johan Gottfried Halle(1812-1910), he stayed by transforming his mathematical wiki into practice. That lovely night sky from the Berlinsky Observatory and all the technical possibilities for the establishment of truth.

Johann Halle connected to the food of the detained astronomy student Henriha Luї d'Arre(1822-1875). All at once the stench vivchili put the seeds in the region, the deaf bully would be the planet. With the help of their caution, they made a match against the map of the dawn sky. One of the distant patches of light remembered her mice roztashuvannya. Vona destroyed some of those unruly ones.

I don’t think it’s because it’s not a glimpse, but a distant planet, like a dreamy light. For three more nights, the astronomers spent the last three nights of the retreat, but Le Verrier did not have mercy in his rozrakhunks. In the bottomless spaceless, the planet collapsed in its orbit. Vona passed the distance of Uranus and, for the most part, she could pour into the yo traktorіyu ruch.

So the eighth planet of the Sonyach system was revealed. The official date of the її ї ї ї ї ї 23 1846. And the axis of hto is specifically about people who will be persistent? At the exhibition of the story, it is clear that a hand of a few people has been giving the hand of a few people to this significant historical pod. Before the speech, Le Verrier in his rosrakhunks has pardoned everything by 1 °, at that hour Yak Adams is at 12 °. Before that, the French mathematician, having shown ease and right up to a logical conclusion. Visnovok begs to be asked: all the goats are in the hands of Le Verrier.

Ale here is a small nuance. Urbain Lever is French and John Couch Adams is British. So, the insight of the Pershovidkrivach was not a fight against the self-esteem of the people around them - the honor of the country was ruined in this way. Proud British people could not sacrifice the palm tree for the French, who called the stench for the eyes "frogs".

Naturally, the sticks of the super-streams burst into flames. I would like for all the indicators of Le Verrier to come in advance, the political world has become visible to a healthy deaf. France at the end of the day gave up, but didn’t make her own position, but made a compromise. John Cauchy Adams and Urbain Le Verrier were recognized by the compatriots of the new planet.

In our days from and from there. It is so delicate to eat so and hang in the food. So it’s melodiously clever in respecting the Persian Grim Reaper of Neptune to the great Nimetsian astronomer Johann Halle. The very first time we hit the planet through a telescope, I want the Frenchman Le Verrier.

The planet was seen, it was necessary to think about the name. Naipershe proponuvav in Johann Halle. Winning the distant cosmic tilo Janus - God’s entrance and exit, ear and tip in ancient mythology. In this vypadku the planet was the end of the Sonyachnoy system and the ear of a borderless, distant expanse, unchallenged by the forces of the zhovtoy zirka.

I didn’t vouch for the name bagat. Then, "with a bang," they made the proposition of the Russian astronomer, director of the Pulkovo Observatory Vasil Yakovich Struve (1793-1864). On one of the dates of the visit of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences, I will name it Neptune.

Neptune is the god of the sea in ancient mythology. The whole deity was panuvalo over the pivot light. And so, as the water surface at richly developed overturning the land, then at Neptune, there was more and more power than those of the other gods. The ocean, in the minds of people, is also the great and mysterious yak of the endless Cosmos. The associaciya was asking for it by itself. A distant taunnichi planet, how to wrap yourself in the dark without one, as if the mighty divine deity came.

So, the new 1847 rik is the eighth planet of the Sonyach system, which is not immutable. They assigned the name of the official Neptune, having taken over the edge of the super chain of distribution in the whole important food.

About the internal structure of Neptune, it seems not so much, even judging about it is possible only on the basis of indirect data, there was no evidence of a seismic probe of the whole planet. The diameter of Neptune - 49,600 km - is 4 times larger, lower than the Earth, and the last one is 58 times larger. Ale the axis by mass Neptune is 17 times larger than the earth. From the tsikh danih, it is meant that the average power of Neptune becomes close to a third of the earth, so that it is approximately in the same time, lower at the water. Low power is characteristic for all of the giant planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Moreover, the first two are the smallest ones, the stinks are stored mostly from gas, and the bigger ones "twins" Uranus and Neptune are mostly from ice. Behind the razrahunks, in the center of Neptune, there can be perebuvati kam'yane or iron-stone core with a diameter of 1.5-2 times larger than our earth. The main part of Neptune is a warehouse of sewing around a nasal core, a ball close to 8,000 km, which can be stored as a head of water, ammonia and methane ice, to which, perhaps, sharpening and stone material. Behind the rosters, the temperature in the whole sphere is guilty from the depth of the ice from +2 500 to +5 500 ° С. Such zhakhlivy "clutter" the molecules one to the other, adjusting them out to the sides and vaping.

Ymovirno, the speech there is located in the ionic camp, since the atoms and molecules are "uncoupled" on the edge of the charged particles - they and electronics. It’s very important, it’s important to have such a “lid”, to that one, the ball of Neptune is called the “Ion Ocean”, if I want to see it at the vigilante of the childish birth, it is also awesome. Then next the third ball - the outburst of the gas envelope, which is close to 5,000 km. The atmosphere, how to build up with water and helium, go into a crooked ball in a step-by-step manner, without a sharp turn of the boundary, in the world of that, as the power of speech grows under the grip of the upper balls. In deep parts of the atmosphere, gases are transformed into crystals, a kind of іній. The number of crystals in the bigger balls grows bigger and bigger, and the stench will fix the water-seeped porridge, and the bigger ones will be transformed into ice, when you are in the midst of a majestic vice. The transition sphere from the gas to the Kryzhano shell reaches a wide one - about 3,000 km. In the bulk of Neptune, gas is brought up to 5%, ice 75%, and stone material is 20%.

Two years before the closest approach to Neptune in 1989, the automatic spacecraft Voyager 2 rendered the image. On the new boule, the first glimmers of light appeared, similar to feathers, floating high in the atmosphere of Neptune. It is possible to navіt pachiti tіnі vіd cich chmar on large low chmar balls. The atmosphere of Neptune is mainly composed of invisible water and helium. With its blue color, Neptune has a small amount of methane in the atmosphere, like clay in the main red light. On Neptune, there are the best winds in the Sleeping System, so you can reach the speed of 2000 kilometers for a year. There is a simmering, but diamonds can be set in the hearty, hot middle under the temples of Uranus and Neptune.

October 10, 1846 William Lassell spawned the planet Neptune in the background. Winning a confirmation of caution, as a result of spending on the forehand, and good luck about those who are near Neptune, you can go to the heart of the day. However, now there is a companion on the planet. Lassell showed, nezabarno, what a wink, like a wink earlier, with a pity, tied to the distance of the telescope. Mate Triton has lost her life. Voyager 2 imagining a divovizhnі relєfni іslіvnіsі, witnessing the presence of subtle atmosphere, as well as іnnuvannya on Tritonі ryzhanіkh volcanoes. Triton collapses near Neptune near the orbital direction in the same great bodies of the Sonyach system along the orbit, which is heavily heaped up to the area of ​​ecology. Tsіkavo, scho Voyager 2 pіdconfirmed іsnuvannya closed loop near Neptune. Lassell, however, is not all the same, so it’s just as thin.

circle of Neptune

On this day, there is a large number of children, how to feel far away, with a very juicy blue space. They called them the names of Quiet, which is due to the opening of the eighth planet of the Sleeping System and the greatest companion Triton.

The most distant and nayaskravish kіlce to bear the name Adams ring... It is located at a distance of 63,000 kilometers to the center of the planet, and the width is 50 kilometers. Imagining that it’s not an integral design that operates a gas giant. It is not possible to call the dane of approval from five high school children, as it is impossible to name them. Oh, call them bows, but name the stench: Horror, Freedom, Equivalence 1, Equivalence 2, Brotherhood.

Such original attitudes of Adams' circle do not need to be explained from the point of view of the quiet laws behind which the cosmos is. For the logic of speech, the bows are already guilty for a long time, the bullets are angry one by one and fix one whole surface. Of course, however, it is not possible to see it, but it is a source of development and hypotheses.

Perevazha a dumka, which is to blame for everything є Neptune's companion Galatea... The price is not large (the diameter of the whole is 180 kilometers), it is wrapped in 61950 kilometers from the gas giant. To see the inner edge of Adams' circle for 1000 kilometers. Itself, with its gravitational forces, and pouring in on the dawn of illumination, sniffing and adopting such an original design.

However, it’s a lot of presenters to go up to the thought, but the little guy has lost his strength, so it’s injected on Adams’s ring with a new rank. Shvidshe for everything, in the midst of space, there is one or a couple of little fellows. The stench is still not visible due to its insignificant changes and dark surfaces, but to declare about its own sensation itself through gravitational forces.

To such a blow, about three, or perhaps a quartet, all the way through the force, having clasped your gravitational zusilla, cut the bows to a decent appearance one from one. Remain, judging by the caution, in an hour to change their configuration. So the bow Svoboda step by step changes in size. Possibility is not turned on, but you won’t know soon enough, not having lost any spogadіv about yourself.

The closest circle to the gas gigant rose to the city center, 42,000 kilometers away. I will name wono kіlce Galleі, mabut, one of the most badges and not easy ones from the smallest numbers. The width of it is decent: you get 2000 kilometers.

Behind the calling edge of the Galle circle, there are three orbits of the planet Neptune. tse small Naiad... The amount of gas gigant at the station is 48,000 kilometers and the diameter of the total is 65 kilometers. potim companion Thalassa... The price is bigger. Its diameter is 86 kilometers, and the distance to the center of the planet is 50,000 kilometers.

Most of the three Despina's companion... It takes 52500 kilometers to reach the baked center of the planet Neptune, and the diameter reaches 151 kilometers. Immediately after him, in about 500 kilometers, Chergov's circle will grow, I will name it ring Leverrier.

The price was set at a width of 100 kilometers and on the way to light the corner of Galle. An analogous ring, also 100 kilometers wide and reaching the light, is located at a distance of 57,000 kilometers from the center of the planet Neptune. I will name wono ring Argo.

Between similar rings Argo and Le Verrier knew its own place deeper and wider circle, as I will name it kіlce Lassel... Its width is 4000 kilometers. By the essence, the end of the claim for the most significant dimensions among their brothers-in-arms. Yogo magnifies zatmariti to anybody.

We will stay in the company є even darker without change... Vono roztashovu on the road in 2000 km from the outer edge of the Argo and a width of 500 kilometers. Because of the fadedness and unseen, the name was not given to you. So there is and isnu without the middle of the happiest and most happy brothers.

Nichto will not clash: the circle of the planet Neptune and do not stand close to the pawns of the planet Saturn. The stench doesn’t sit in the cosmic distance, doesn’t attract to itself the drowned look of the past. Їх warehouse is better for everything, it is useful for itself because of the shape of a particle of methane ice, cover it with silikat from above. Sound and weak in the mirror of sleepy exchanges.

companions of Neptune

At the present moment there are 13 companions in the planet Neptune. All the stench is to bear the name of the sea deities, the virgin services to the head of the Volodarev under the water kingdom. The greatest of them Triton... Winning practically the whole mass of space til, dividing the number of colas around the gas giant. Reshta 12 brothers-in-arms are so small, how to become, all at once, only, for the first time from every single generation.

Naybilsh be primitive in the whole company, Crimea Triton, є unreason, Proteusі Larissa... The closest companions of the planet - tse Naiad, Thalassa,Despinaі Galatea: A small friendly team, how to wrap yourself in a beautiful cup of Neptune. All the brothers, frankly speaking, didn’t come out.

Nybilshe Proteus. Its diameter is 420 kilometers. They cannot boast of such dimensions: the stench is calling for the little ones. Ale, do not be astonished at the visibility of greatness, while the creation is not shown to the Cosmos to keep watch over its elder brother, once again the similarity of some gas giants for all the signs.

Triton is the leader for all the parameters of the middle of Neptune. Yogo diameter is 2707 kilometers. Tse is not enough. For example, diameter Misyatsya is 3474 kilometers. So, the cosmic til is given unbelievably less than the companion of the Earth.

A distant cosmic object was opened in the same river as Neptune itself, tobto in 1846. Zd_ysniv tse znameno pod_ya British astronomer William Lassel(1799-1880). Moreover, it became priceless after 17 days after the display of Neptune.

Triton (in the ancient Greek mythology) is a marine deity: the synonym of the lord of the seas Poseidon and the volodarka of the seas Amphitrity. In addition, Neptune is the ancient god of the sea, it is not called logically logical and intelligently.

Straight along the side of the companion, in its orbit, it is directed at the zorotny bik along the way up to the wrapping of the gas giant near the power axis. Wrap up around your elder brother in 5 dib 21 years and 3 hvili. And the axis near the power axis Triton turns around synchronously with the planet, until then the whole hour of turning until it is one and the same side.

Especially those who are between the orbit of the companion and the area of ​​the adequate Neptune is all at 23 °. The orbit itself is shaped like an ideal circle. Її eccentricity of the road 0.000016.

If Neptune is able to simulate, interacting with his gravitational field with Triton, step by step he attracts him to himself. Remain altogether overshadowed by such an affinity. As a result, there is a great amount of energy, which is the reason for the high temperature regimes, which is promoted by the gas giant.

In the terribly distant maybutny Neptune in the end of the day. The companion will pass the point of inconclusiveness, and gravitational forces of the majestic planet will rise the bidola into parts. The result of this camp is a majestic circle, as behind its own dimensions you can take in the spaceless circle of Saturn's blush.

The head surprise of Triton was its extremely geological activity, since Voyager is not so despicable as it is. On the signs of a gaseous geyser, it’s darker to nitrogen, to go strictly vertically up to a height of 8 km; Ten geysers were revealed. All the stench "to dim" in the new polar region, above the Sonce in the whole period passed in zenit. The reason for the activity of gas geysers is that they heat up the Sonce, which leads to melting of nitrogen ice for a day, de also water ice and methane for a dark color. The grip of a gas fountain, like a vine in a clay ball when everything is heated at 4 ° C, if it is not large, but not too much, but the gas fountain is high in the atmosphere of Triton.

Companion Triton Volodya by the atmosphere... Vaughn enveloped the surface of a thin gas pillow. Tovshchina 10 kilometers, warehouse: nitrogen with a small house of methane. The atmospheric grip of the surface is small: it's just 15 microbar.

The head warehouses of the companion - at the price of 99.9% nitrogen and 0.1% methane, the capacity of the road is 2.061 g / cm³. Є hard core. It will be stored away from the frozen rocks and frozen water. Yogo gravitatsiyny vipliv viprobuvav on the sob "Voyager-2" in 1989 rotsі. The size of this illumination is within the reach of two kilometers in diameter.

Everything you eat is methane and nitrogen. On the way to the warehouses, it is located in a small mill under the grip, closer to the surface, to set up a kryzhany pick. The temperature is low: on the surface it is trimmed at the minus 235 ° Celsius.

If you marvel at the companion Triton because of the bird’s favor, then the surface froze to the surface if you could see it exotically. Pivdenna pivkulya postan in front of the flooded glances of sposterіgachіv in the baroque din of colorіv. Here you can play and cheer up, and up, and up and down. With such spectra, nitric ice is disseminated in methane ice.

The ekvoretor handle smooth surfaces. For its shape, the stench will make a frost on the lake. The axis of the shores may not be enough for them to finish off their own ridges. The stench is krizhani terasi. The height of the cutaneous step is magnificent. Vona reachє one kilometer.

We cannot dissolve methane and nitrogen. The stench doesn’t come with a sufficient, constricting taste, but it’s just enough to trim the design data in a kind of great camp, which can be similar to granite skel. Behold with such possibilities Volodya water ice. Yomu on the strength of evil and more majesty with power. You should ask for a change: smooth dishes are stored from methane and nitrogen ice, and terasy from water.

Neptune's companion, Triton, is not surrounded by memorials alone. On the surface of the presence of the whole area, you can guess with yourself approximately the same for the size of the middle. The price of a dalyanka is 20 to 30 kilometers wide. From the sides, the stench of fenced-in, crooked shafts. Їх height syagaє 200-300 meters.

The stench of all visibility is asserted as a result of the release of methane and nitrogen from the mountainous supernatural. Virivayutsya under the majestic grip of the bedrock to rise on the surface, catching and opening such unrepeatable and divine masterpieces.

Geysers can also celebrate stronger enemies. The stench is promoted in the first season, and is a great gas, which can be varied from the Triton overhead to a height of up to 8 kilometers. Having reached the ryvnya, the mass spreads, freezes and settles on the surface, eagerly stands at 150 kilometers.

Judging by the small number of impact craters, the surface of the companion is young. Vona ice lasts up to 100 million rocks.

Triton, Іо і Venus - dinі tila in the Sonyachnіy sistemі crіm of the Earth, yak, yak vіdomo, volcanic activity appears in the Danish hour. Likewise, it’s a great deal of respect, volcanic processes occurring in the famous Sonyachniy system, development. Leaning on Earth and Venus (and on Mars at the last) is based on heavy material and is controlled by the inner heat of the planets. The vyverzhennya on Іо is stored from the world or from the warehouses of the world and is controlled by tidal relations with Yupiter. Triton's vyverzhnya is composed of flying rivers, such as nitrogen or methane, and is controlled by seasonal heating from Sontsya.

M'yako kovzayuchi in the distant expanses of the Sonyachnoy system, Voyager 2 photographed in Neptune and Triton, both at the phase of the meeting in 1989. The photo of the giant gas planet and his companion, who was drowned in the gloom, was destroyed because the ship passed the point of maximum proximity to Neptune. Yak vi rozumієte, the same image is ill-fated to terrestrial sposterіgachev: it is hard to marvel at Neptune "from the side" from the Earth, some of which are known closer to Sonts. Voyager's unavoidable point of view amused Neptune with its wondrous blakit vidtinku, surrounded by direct sales of the sleepy light. Then you can see the pockery to the brim, wiklican for the same reasons, and the red color of the prized Dream on Earth. Neptune is three times less and three times more massive than Uranus. Neptune volodya decilkoma with dark rings. In addition, it seems that the planet is more vivid than the light, I will not be able to see it from Sontsya.

Proteus is Neptune's other companion behind the size, advancing behind the tamanic Triton. Proteus Bouv opened the door to the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1982. The price is wonderful, because Neptune is the smallest companion - Nereidu - what kind of buv vidkritiy 33 rocks earlier. The reason Proteus did not see it earlier is because the surface is even darker, and its orbit is rooted closer to Neptune. The other companion of Neptune, behind the masses, is deprived of a quarter of Triton's masses. In form, Proteus is similar to a box with an unpaired number of sides. Yakbi vin buv trokhi massivnishe, yogo vlasna gravitatsia gave the used spherical shape.

The companion of Neptune Despina is even small - the diameter of the road is only 148 km. Cryhitna Despina bullet was shown in 1989 at the signs, as the cameras of the Voyager-2 ship rocked. Vivchayuchi signs of Voyager-2 20 years later, lover of the revision of the image (and professor of philosophy) Ted Strik respected those who had not been respected in the past. On the images, you can see a few Despinoyu on the upper blakytnye chmaras of Neptune, if it passed over the disk of the planet. On the current image, look at the image, which was put together from some archival signs, broken 24 sickles in 1989, and distributed in nine chilines. As for Despina's image, the surface was shattered piece by piece. Despina in ancient Greek mythology, the daughter of the god of the sea Poseidon. Nagadaєmo, scho Neptune is the god of the sea in ancient mythology.

companion Nereida

Neptune's companion Nereida was seen in 1949 by the American astronomer Gerard Kuiper (1905-1973). Yogo vіdminnoy rice є the orbit is tied up. Її eccentricity of the road 0.7512. The rise and fall to the gas giant lie in the boundaries of 14 million kilometers to 9.6 million kilometers.

Period of wrapping up the companion to become 360 ​​dB. Near its axis, it was space-saving to rotate the turnover in 11 and a half years. Its diameter is 340 kilometers, and the thickness is 1.5 g / cm ³. Surface temperature minus 222 ° Celsius.

companion Larissa

Vіdkrito Neptune's companion Larissa in 1981 rotsі. It was confirmed by the Voyager-2 spacecraft in 1989. All of them are seen by their elder brother in 74 thousand kilometers. The eccentricity of the orbit of the road is 0.0014.

In the 1960s, spring came to the birth of Neptune. Oskіlki Neptune to rob a new turn around Sontsya for 165 earthly rockіv, skin time there’s three rocky times forty rockіv. Astronomers viyavili, scho for the rest of the rock Neptune became yaskravish. The signs of the Hubble Space Telescope, shattered in 1996, show that Neptune is much darker since 2002. The education in the early winter was spent for the recovery of light from the dark smogs. The equator of Neptune heats up to the area of ​​its orbit by 29 degrees. Tsei nahil similar to the earthly, like to become 23.5 degrees. Therefore, on Neptune, there may be seasonal changes of the weather, analogous to those of the earth, unimpressed on those with the intensity of sleepy light on the surface of a distant gas giant 900 times less than on Earth. Summer came to the birth of Neptune in 2005.

On Neptune є beaches.

On top of the most distant gas giant in the sleepy system, there may be a single-row blue color, blowing out a small amount of methane, floating in a cold atmosphere with a lot of barless water and helium. However, they are dark beaches, which are anticyclones: great systems with a grip that wrap themselves in the upper part of the cold gloom of Neptune. Two dark beaches can be seen on the image, rendered off by the automatic space device "Voyager-2" in 1989: ugory livoruch - Great dark beach in size from the Earth and Dark beach 2 to the lower edge. Recently, a computer modeling showed that "scooters" are like methane, which can often be close to dark beaches. new beaches.

The upper balls of the atmosphere of the planet Neptune perebuyut in vichnoe rus. Moreover, the speed of the movement of methane chmars to the area of ​​the adequate reach is 1100 km / year. At higher and lower latitudes, the speed is less, and at the poles it falls by a factor of two. Straight to the ruins of the whole world, the opposite is right to the wrapping of the planet around the power axis.

Tightening cyclones are spared on the surface. In 1989, when NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft spilled all 48 thousand kilometers from the surface of the planet, it was fixed Great dark beach... Yogo size became 13000 × 6600 kilometers. The rise in the winter season and in everything was a whirlwind flow of gigantic growths, which collapsed in the speed of 1000 km / year in parallel to the equator.

Nabagato pivdennishe bulo is fixed Male dark beach... Find out more in the lower dark globes of the atmosphere. Outside space, on the aphids of blue-blue methane gloom, the stench is created by majestic dark beaches on the surface of the planet. To live like an atmospheric phenomenon as well as to see and to see in the new world of the planet. The nature of its illumination is not vivified.

Even in 2004, there were no real plans for Neptune. Respecting, how to fly there for a clever term with pracezdatnyh attachments can be deprived with a friendly rosetting of giant planets, receiving a gravitational impulse from the skin of them, so I will speed up the station in a demanding direct The same growth of the planets took place in the middle of the XXII century. The situation changed in 2004, since they started to distribute the scenarios to Neptune. From the main station, which will become a piece companion of Neptune, three small probes are sent to the depth of the planet's atmosphere, to understand the structure of the gas envelope at the pole, in al-latitudes and in the region of Ekvor. Two more landing devices will be sent to land on the surface of the best companion - Triton. The stench will be guilty about the so-called polar caps and the equatorial region. It was planned to install seismometers for the restoration of the chickens, which are responsible for the loss of gas with nitrogen geysers. One of three projects, for the overfilling, is planned by the way of a very special rocket engine and gravitational aid to the giant planets, which turned 12 rockets onto the road. Galmuvannya can be a problem when we reach Neptune.

If you need a lot of firing, you can take fewer scientific attachments through the process. To this, it is possible to reduce the level of flexibility, the viciousness for galmuvannya is not so hot, and the atmosphere of Neptune. To allow such a method of aerial capture, without vitraising any specks of fire, in one maneuver with a stretch, one maneuver, in one maneuver, can go from a spanning trajectory to orbit around the planet. Poki scho vin is not victorious in cosmic pleasures. For another project, to transfer to the station with an ion engine and radioisotopic Thermogenerator, a fire for which to serve as radioactive plutonium. Ale such a policy will pass more and more, but it will take about 20 years. When launched in 2016, the station will reach Neptune in 2035.

And still three things about a distant, distant space: guess what, too, get to know all the details about and wonder, do not be The original statty is on the site InfoGlaz.rf Poslednya on the article, from which the copy is broken -

Neptune

Eight behind the rakhunk, the planet of the Sonyach system is Neptune.

Neptune viglyadaє on the sky yak zirka 7, 8 zoryanoy magnitude (inaccessible to the undefended eye); with a strong increase, there is the appearance of a greenish disc, diluted with any details.

Neptune collapses near the Sontsya along the eliptic, close to the circular (eccentricity - 0.009), orbit, hit the area of ​​ecology 1 ° 46.4 "; the middle was about 30.058 times more than 45 million times more. This means that the light from the Sontsya can reach Neptune more than three years in 4 years.

Clarify the diameter of Neptune, through the small apex diameter (2 "), which has gone beyond the 7th of April 1967 to rock, since the planet in its own Russia in the dark sky overshadowed one of the distant stars. (turn over the radius of the Earth, we will take the force of the wrapping on the surface, so that on Neptune it will last all 17.8 years. , below the Earth), 2 hectares of space on the surface of Neptune 23 km / s.

If I want the middle gustin of Neptune, equal to 1.67 m / cm3, three times less than the earth, the mass through the great dimensions of the planet is 17.2 times greater, below the Earth.

Neptune has a magnetic field, the voltage at the poles is approximately higher, lower on the Earth.

The effective temperature of the surface areas is close to 38 K, ale, in the world, close to the center of the planet, the growth is up to 12-14 103 C with a grip of 7-8 megabars.

Three elements on Neptune overwhelm water and helium approximately in the same way as on the Sonce: for one atom of helium it falls close to 20 atoms in water. An unconnected camp has less water on Neptune than on Jupiter and Saturn. The presence of the elements, in the main lung. On Neptune, as well as on the largest planet-giants, there was a big-ball differentiation of speech, in the process of which a lengthy shell was established on Uranus. For theoretical estimates, є і mantіya, і core. At the same time, the mass of the nucleus, together with the kryzhany shell, together with the rosary models, can reach 90% of the entire mass of the planet.

Neptune will take away even a little light and heat from the Sontsya during the great distance from now on, as well as the fact that the atmosphere of the planet has risen in space up to 83% of the fall on the new climate. In the spectrum of Neptune, there is a strong swamp clinging to methane (CH4), especially intense in the red region, through which Neptune is green. Equally important is the temperature on the surface of the planet for the road -220 ° С. The temperature should be set, mabut, until we dry the ball, and in the case of the appearance of the warmth of the planet. In the spectrum of Neptune, there are also signs of molecular water H, however, an important element in the atmosphere є, in fact, helium, on the other hand, also occasionally from the middle of the planet. The grip of the atmosphere at the regional level is estimated at 3 atm.

Until the present hour there are 8 neighbors of Neptune.

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sontsya and the fourth behind the size of the middle of the planets. With the view of Uranus, astronomers respected those whose orbit did not conform to Newton's law of all-important gravity, and are conceited of the long-term vision. Tse і led me to think about the vision of the same planet beyond Uranus, as she could use her gravitational difficulties to create the trajectory of the collapse of this planet. The mathematicians John Adams and James Challis in 1845 started the development of the imaginative mission of growing the planet. At the same time, the French astronomer Urban Lever, having killed the rocket, overcame the buzz of the new planet. Rozrakhunki Le Verrier boules are on the ground, they knew Neptune all at once, in the first place. Neptune was first sponsored by the astronomers of Halle and d'Arrest on the 23rd of 1846, not far from a quiet position, as only one from one was transmitted by English Adams and the Frenchman Le Verrier. Tse vіdkrittya became a triumph of rosrakhunkovo ​​astronomy. In Roman mythology, Neptune (Greek Poseidon) is the god of the sea. Neptune can be hit in a binocle (if you know for sure, you can be astonished), but you can hardly navigate a great telescope at a great telescope, except for a small disk.

Neptune in a ground-based telescope. The light areas at the upper part of the disk are crimson with methane ice, so good to see the sleepy light. Great pivvis of the planet dorivnyu 30.02 a.o. Neptune is farther away from Sontsya. Period wrapping in orbit is 164.491 rockets. In the hour of opening in 1846, the rotsi of the winn did not complete one reversal. The orbit is practically circular: the eccentricity becomes e = 0.011. Nakhil the orbital area up to the ecliptic area of ​​1 ° 46'22 ", the average orbital speed of 5.4 km / s, The period of turning around the axis is 15.8 years. ∙ 1026 kg, that is 17 times more for the Earth's weight. The planet's radius becomes 24 764 km - close to the Earth's radii. Power density ρ = 1.76 g / cm3, that is 1/3 of the Earth's power. fall on the level of the upper sphere of the planet's gloom: 11.2 m / s2. The temperature of the atmosphere of Neptune is higher, lower than Uranus, and becomes close to 60 K. Otzhe, Neptune has a strong internal dzherelo heat - in vіn vipromіnyu in 2.7 times and less energy I will deny the view of Sontsya.

Budova and a set of warehouse Neptune elements, mabut, mayzhe as well, like on Uranium: the development of "ice" and hardened gas together with about 15% water and a small amount of gel. On the view of Jupiter from Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, perhaps, not a clear internal shaping. Ale shvidshe for everything, Neptune has a small hard core, equal to the weight of the Earth. The atmosphere of Neptune is great, water and helium with a small house of methane (1%). The blue color of Neptune є the result of the chasing of red light in the atmosphere with gas - like on Uranus On Neptune, strong winds, parallel to the planet's, great storms and eddies are made possible. On the planet, there are the best in the Sonyachny system of three, which reach 700 km / year. Wind blowing on Neptune in a distant direction, against the wrapping of the planet. It is also noted that in the giant planets the speed of flows and flows in their atmospheres grows from the center of the Sontsya. Tsya regularity does not need any explanation.

Great Dark Plama, yakim yogo hitting Voyager 2. In one of the first indications of Voyager-2, the Great Dark Plyama Boulevard is in the middle of the winter, in size from the Earth. Vіtri Neptune carried the Great Dark Flame at the west of 300 m / s. The hour of speech circulation in New is 16 days. "Voyager-2" is also bachivous to the mensha dark beach in the early summer and the small nonstop bila hmar. Vono can be a stream, passing from the lower spheres of the atmosphere to the upper ones, or even the nature of it becomes a secret place. Guarded by the space telescope im. Hubble in 1994 showed: The Great Dark Flame was dead! Vono, or it simply rose, or it was closed in the atmosphere. And a few months after that the space telescope IM. Hubble suddenly revealed a new dark Flame in Neptune's pіvnіchnіy pіvkulі. The price will be for those that the atmosphere of Neptune changes more quickly.

"Voyager 2" has registered the magnetic field of Neptune. The magnetic pole of the planet is at 47 ° from the geographic pole. Transmitting, the magnetic field of Neptune will collapse in the native provincial middle, in the sphere, which is located 13 thousand km away from the center of the planet. And under the small ball is the solid core of Neptune. The magnetosphere of Neptune is strongly twisted.

The greatest companion of Neptune is Triton. Advisor Triton, introduced in 1846 by William Lassell, overturned Misyats by size. The beast near Neptune is ringing, and it is also important that Triton is buried by Neptune from the Kuiper belt. Triton has the entire mass of Neptune's satellite system. Become a great power: 2 g / cm3.

Is the lake frozen? As a matter of fact, the tsia of the valley with a size of approximately 200 by 400 km was established as a result of the rise of the "kryzhany" volcano.

On Triton there are skeletons, craters, dark smogs of volcanic trekking. Voyager-2 took a picture of the red ice on Triton and took a photo of the black ice with frozen methane on the ekvator. The pivdennaya polar cap is stored in nitrogen ice, from it at a height in a circle of kilometers by the geysers. The surface of the companion of the light and is close to 80% of the falling sleepy exchanges. Triton develops a nitrogen atmosphere (the grip on the surface is close to 10 mm Hg). The temperature on Triton is -235 ° C.

Neptune's companion Nereid, seen in 1949 by Gerard Kuiper, collapses in orbit with the highest average eccentricity - 0.75.

Around Neptune, a wreath appeared at the vigilade of arches, which was photographed in Voyager 2. Tsikavo, a small collection of information about the many Neptune wreaths was taken away in 1995, when they were careful to cover the stars by the planet. Rozrakhunks showed that the arches are folding vichoris, which they called epitony.

The eighth planet from Sontsya, Neptune, is the first planet, roztastova through the mathematical transmission shvidshvid less through the regular guarding of the sky. (Galileo, having finished the record of the yak, was set up by a warning with a small telescope in 1612 and 1613.) scho an unhomed planet, yaka could wicklikati spostezhuvatsii (dotrimuvanii), go into the orbit of Uranus. Ignored by French astronomers, Verrier sent his transfer to Johann Gottfried Galle to the Berlinsky Observatory, who knew Neptune on the first night in 1846.

Up to 4.5 milliard kilometers (2.8 milliard miles) from Sonce, Neptune flew in orbit. It is invisible to a clear eye through its supervised view of the Earth (ground). Tsikavo, through the non-customary eleptical orbit of Pluto, Neptune is actually the most distant planet (including the dwarf planet) from Sontsya stretching the 20-year posture of the skin 248 earthly rock.

Evidence (obviousness) for non-parallel arcs near Neptune was born in the mid-1980s, if the experiment was taking place in the mid-1980s. (vipusk), if the Kiltseva system is known, then you need to fix a few weak Kletsk, the greatest distance from you, Adams, to redeem three prominent arcs now for the name of Freedom, Identity and Fraternity. , which widen in one circle, even for a short timescales. Leverrier - 53,000 km wider, more weakly wide Galle - 42,000 km Weak roses wider (extended) straightening named to Leverrier the bulo is named Lassell; It is surrounded in the southernmost land by Kilcem Arago, 57,000 km away.

We don’t know, why would William Lassell remind us that, after celebrating the glimpse of Neptune’s month, Triton, ale the beer was souring priceless.

Lassell has bought one of the leading amateur astronomers of the 19th century of England, who are well-wishers, who have been in the business of a brewery, who have funded their telescopes. Winning Triton 10 October, 1846 - only 17 days after the Berlinsky Observatory of the Apparitions of Neptune.

Tsіkavo, tidzhne earlier, nіzh vin znayshov, companion, Lassell thinking, wіn bachiv kіltsov around the planet. Tse, viyavilosya, bulo with a wikklican with a telescope. Ale if the NASA Mandrivnik "S 2 introduced Neptune in 1989, it showed that the gas giant is not strong enough, I want the stench far too weak for Lassell, bachiti.

So, like Neptune, buv names by name, Roman god of the sea, yo month buv names by names of the smaller sea gods and nimphs in the Greek mythology.

Triton (don't be messed up with the moon of Saturn, Titan), є distant and far most from the companions of Neptune. Dutch - American Astronomer Gerard Kuiper (for the one for whom Kuiper Bula line (belt) is named) is known third for the size of the month of Neptune, Neried, in 1949. Win skipping Proteus, the other by size, it is too dark and even close to Neptune for telescopes in addition to the erasure symbol. It’s a slightly non-spherical month, I think, є right in the meantime, as much as a massive object (meta) can be a persh, lower gravitation pull into the sphere.

Proteus and five of the last moons are guilty of the check of Mandryvnik 2, so they will be able to see them. All of them are the middle of the darkest objects (goals) that are known in the sleepy systems. Astronomers, who used to work on ground telescopes, knew more than five companions in 2002 and 2003, bringing the number up to 13 in the home.

Mandrivnik 2 showing charming details of the Triton. Part of its surface resembles a cantaloupe pick. Krizhany volcanoes vyvergayut then, so - just a lot of nitrogen, methane, and saw, how to safely freeze and then come to the surface. One Mandryvnik 2 The image (image) shows a frosty feather, shoots 8 km (5 miles) into the sky and a drift of 140 km (87 miles) leeward.

The Krizhana surface of Triton is so richly imagined that a small sleepy light can be reached, but only one of the coldest objects in the sleepy system, approximately -240 C (-400 F).

Tse - one great month in the Sonyachny system, like spinning in front of the other planet in the core of the koristuvach (information directly) against the backdrop (cyclical zsuvu) of the planet (retrograde orbit), which can be said, just once the burial of Neptune. It’s a good thing, which is not enough for other companions, so I’ll explain why Nereid has the most eccentric orbit, be it this kind of miscellaneous - it’s even possible this time, for those who are not far away.

The gravity of Neptune is like galvanizing against the orbital Triton, making it possible for people to move closer and closer to the planet. A million rocky in the first hour, Triton will come close to reach for the gravitational forces, for the lamati (porushit) tse vіdokrileno - you can form a circle around Neptune, to finish the bright one for Lassell, bachiti.

Neptune is the most distant planet of gas giants. The price is 49,500 kilometers (30,760 miles). Yaksho Neptune buv pidlogu, tse could b mіstiti mіzhe 60 Lands (ground). Neptune was flying in the orbit of the Skin of 165 rocks. Tse maє vіsіm mіsyatsіv, a number of boules known by Mandrіvnik. On a day on Neptune - 16 years and 6.7 khvili. Neptune of Apparitions on Sunday 23rd, 1846 Johann Gottfried Galle, Berlinsky Observatory, and Lou d "Arrest, student of astronomy, through mathematics, broken down by Urbain by Jean Joseph Verrier.
The first two thirds of Neptune are stacked with the sum of the cast skeleton, water, and the native amic and methane. The name of the third is a sum of heated gases, stored with water, helium, water and methane. Methane gives Neptune a blue color.

Neptune is a dynamical planet with great, dark beaches (mice), shouting about hurricane-like storms of Jupiter. Naybіlshe plyama (mіsce), vіdomy yak Velika Dark Plyama (mіsce), є for all the size of the earth (ground) and, probably, Great chervona plyama (mіscem) on Yupiterі. Mandryvnik showing a small, irregularly, in a skidded straight line, the gloom form scooting around Neptune's skin is 16 years old or close. Tsei scooter, oskіlki tse bulo dublovano, mіg buti pen, growing vische glibshoi deck of khmari.

Dovgo yaskravі crumbs, similar to the creepers of feathery crumbs on the Earth (ground), bullets are highlighted in the atmosphere of Neptune. At the low pivnichnyh latitudes, Mandrivnik, having acquired the image (image) of the smogs of the smog, is able to produce їkh tіnі on the decks of the khmari lower.

The most powerful ones on any planet are the bullets on Neptune. Most of the winds there (this) dme on the west, on the other hand, the wrapping (cyclical zsuvu) of the planet. Close to the Great Dark Plami (mіstsya), blowing photographs up to 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) a year.

Neptune MAY Nabir chotiroh kіlets, as vuzy and even weak. Kiltsya folded from the pieces of the saw, thinking that the crumbling meteorites are crumbling, then smashing into the month of Neptune. From asleep (to the ground), telescopes are built, to build, arches, ale from Mandryvnik 2, arches, vyavilosya, boules with beaches (mice) or in groups in the circle systems. The exact reason for these groups is not home.

Magnetic region (field) of Neptune, similar to that of Uranus, is highly healed in 47 degrees (steps) from the axis of the rotation (cyclic zsuvu) and the change took 0.55 radius (approximately 13,500 kilometers per cent. 8,500 miles) The flow of magnetic regions (fields) from cich two planets, scientists think, that super-specific organization can be characteristic of flows near the inner region of the planet and not the result of transverse organization of this planet or any cancellations of such benefits.

Our knowledge of the internal structure of Neptune is seen from the radius of the planet, the mass, the period of wrapping (cyclic zsuvu), the form of its gravitational area (field) and behavior in water, helium, and drive in a strong vice. The price (view) of the visit shows Neptune, the folds from the last envelope of molecular water, helium and methane roughly weigh one to two to the Earths (soils). The lower center of the region (region) Neptune, is built, deposited with mantle, bagate in water, methane, amiak, and other elements. The elements are found in high temperatures and in the clutches of the planet. The mantle is equivalent from 10 to 15 earth weight. The core of Neptune is folded through the skeleton and ice, and not more than one Earth mass.

Two 591-second pounds of Neptune bullets were taken by Mandryvnik 2 26 sickles, 1989 rock at 280,000 kilometers (174,000 miles). The two head rings are clearly visible and built around the image area (region). Also visible in the whole image (image) - an internal weak circle at about 42,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) towards the center of Neptune, and a weak swamp, as wide (podovzhu) smoothly through 53,000 kilometers (33,000 miles) to roughly ... Yaskraviy yaskrave light in the center through the "on the go" pivmisyatsya Neptune. Numerous bright glimpses are evident in the background. An offense to a child without interruption.

Behind his warehouse, Neptune is similar to Uranus: a versatile "ice" and a girsky breed with a small amount of helium and about 15% water. Yak і Uranus, Neptune is not a great internal architecture, but rather a big one-sided one behind the warehouse. Ale, imovirno, in the middle, there is a small nucleus from the skeletal material. The atmosphere here is very strong with water and helium with a small amount of methane.

The blue color of Neptune is the result of the burning of red light with methane near the upper spheres of the atmosphere.

Like on a gas planet, on Neptune, there are three dims with even higher quality. Vіtri Neptune is the best in the Sonyachnіy system, іх speed reach 2000 km / year.

Similar to Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune has an inner dzherelo of warmth - win viprominyu vdvichi more energy, I will not take away from Sontsya.

For an hour, Voyager will benefit from the most significant peculiarity of Neptune, Great Dark Plyama Bulo in the New Years. Yogo size becoming approximately half the size of the Great Chervony Plami of Jupiter (size of the Earth's diameter). Wind, on the surface of Neptune, replacing the Great Dark Flame in a backward direction with a speed of 300 meters per second (700 miles per year). Voyager 2 also discerned a little dark place in the early summer season and was not very bright, like the skin was carried around Neptune for 16 years, seemingly at once called "Scooter". The nature of the yogo is a mystery.

However, with the caution of Neptune 1994 to show rock, how Great Dark Flame was dead! Vono or simply rose, or permanently prikhovanno under the atmosphere. A few months later, a new dark beach was revealed in the winter of Neptune. It should be noted that the atmosphere of Neptune changes quickly, perhaps, through small changes in temperature between the upper and lower globes of gloom.

Neptune is seen in the Berlinsky Observatory on the 23rd of 1846 by Johann Halle at the presentation of forecasts, broken down by John C. Adams in England and by Urbain J. Leverrier in France. The number of spirals on the inconsistency between them is spontaneous and transmitted by the orbits of Uranus, repaired from the first display in 1781, as the boules attributed to the gravitational storm of an unhomed planet.
General views about Neptune

One of the great planets of the Sonya system, the eighth wave of the Sontsya (in the period from 1979 to 1999, Pluto's orbital condition led to the fact that it appeared closer to Sontsya, below Neptune.) Neptune, one of the small "gas" giant 'I do not have a core, otochened kryzhanoi mantinu from frozen water, methane and amiak. The diameter of the planet is as large as the diameter of the Earth. The above atmosphere is dominated by molecular water and added helium (15-20% by weight) and small amounts of methane.

In heaven, Neptune is an object of somiy chi of the eight zorya magnitude, that is, it is impossible to be spared with an indefatigable eye from the Earth. Through a good telescope with great power, Neptune can be seen as a slightly blaky disc (this color can be explained by the presence of methane in the upper atmosphere of the planet). The superficial details of ground optical instruments cannot be detected, if they want to be supported by bright colors in the infrared light.

Great plan images of Neptune bully recognized by Voyager 2 from a wide trajectory in crescent 1989 r. Budovoy) Neptune is similar to Uranus. Ale, on the vidminu from Uranus, in the highly dynamic atmosphere of Neptune, the structure is changing and changing. Naybilsh is seen the structure, revealed by "Voyager-2", the bule is called the Great Dark Plamo. Behind its character, it has been shown to fit the Great Red Plumage of Jupiter. Raztashovuyuchis at 20 ° on a day from the ekvore, then wrap up the last year's shots with a period of about 16 days. Above him, like and above those dark beaches, the yaskravi "feathery" khmari form. However, until 1994, if there was a hunt for the HST, the whole process was growing. Tim for an hour in the pivnichniy pivkuli planet established itself as a dark beach, not mentioned by "Voyager". Tsomu plyamі also supervodzhuvali yaskravі khmari. HST's further cautions showed that the character of the HST changed, so that the structure of the atmosphere in the whole had lost its stiffness.

The upper atmosphere of Neptune has two head balls. The ball, which can be stored with crystals of methane ice, lay on top of the opaque chmaras, you can, you can, take revenge on the frozen amiak or water. In addition, in the upper spheres of the atmosphere, there is a serpentine in carbohydrate water, which has become a result of a sleepy-like reaction to methane.

Regular radio bursts, caused by "Voyager-2", talk about those that Neptune has a magnetic field and discharge from the magnetosphere. Vimiryana's speed in latitude became 2200 km / year. Magnetic all the way to the planet's axis up to the axis of being wrapped down a cut at 47 °, as far as thought is allowed, but in the field of asymmetry.

If you are soaked on a large scale of viprominuvano energy, you can estimate the average temperature of the planet at 59 K.

Being cautious about the destruction of the Earth for an hour, Neptune covered the other heavenly bodies, allowed to let the manifestation of the new non-new Kil'tsev "arcs". "Voyager-2" has seen some minor rings, but some "health" is the same, as it is necessary to explain the results.

Neptune has a radius of 24300 km (3.81 radius of the Earth), a mass of 17.2 of an earth mass and an average density of 1.72 g / cm3. The whole wrap is nahilena on the cue at 29 °, and the planet is wrapped in a straight line from the period at 17h48m, and wrapped around the Sontsya mayzhe for 165 rockets. Close and the most great companion - Triton, zvorotatsya with a period of 5d21ch03m in a head-to-head in a circular orbit with a radius of 355,300 km, heaped up to the planet's adequacy at 159 °. The diameter of the companion is estimated at approximately 3500 km. A distant companion, Nereida (diameter is close to 400 km), zoomed in a straight line in 360 dB in an even more energetic electronic orbit from a great period of 5 510 000 km with an eccentricity of 0.75.

For an hour, the voyager-2 was flooded by Neptune, a wide array of new moons began to appear, which brought the number of other relatives (together with Triton and Nereida) to eight.

In the Danish hour, the number of supporters has been opened.

Neptune, the eighth in order from Sontsya, is the great planet of the Sonyachnoy system, an astronomical sign abo. Went up in 1846. The middle rise to Sontsya (great growth of the orbit) 30.06 a. e., or 4500 million km. Orbital eccentricity 0.0086, nahil to the area of ​​eklіptics 1 ° 46.4 ". A second wrap around Sontsya (sidereal period of wrapping) N. zdіysnyuє for 164.79 roku from the middle shvidkіstyu ruku in orbit 5.4 km / sec. yak (inaccessible to an unrecoverable eye) a zirka of 7.8 zorya magnitude with a cut diameter, which changes from 2.2 "to 2.4" in 3, 88 times and to become 49,500 km. The stiffness is estimated at a value of 1/60. Ossyag N. is 57 times more than in the Earth. Masa to become 17.28 mass of the Earth (1.03 × 1026 kg), the average size is 1.84 g / cm3. the acceleration of the force on the surface of the N. is close to 11 m / s 2 (15% more, lower on the Earth), the space speed of the surface is 23 km / sec. Nakhil ekvatora N. to the orbital area of ​​29 °. N. has two companions, three of them, one, Triton, witnessed in 1846 by W. Lassell, The diameter is close to 4000 km) and the rotary debris in its orbit with a period of close to 5.9 dob. Another companion, Nereida, was seen in 1949 by the American astronomer J.P. Coyper, who is a small person (diameter 300 km), about to wrap around the planet with a period close to fate (360 dB).

N. will take away even a little light and warmth from the Sonce during the great distance from the other, as well as the fact that the atmosphere of N. grows in the space of up to 83% of the falling on new vipromyuvannya. In the spectrum of N., there is a strong swamp clinging to methane (CH4), especially intense in the red region, through the N. can green color. Equally important is the temperature of the road to -220 ° C. Radio signals are close to -160 °; The temperature should be set, obviously, until the ball is turned off, and in the event of the appearance of the heat of the planet. In the spectrum of N., there are also signs of molecular water of H, however, an important element in the atmosphere and nadra of N. and, in fact, helium, on the other hand, is also occasionally in the middle of the planet.

Vidkrittya R. - one of the miraculous achievements of astronomy. Already two years later, when the planet Uranus appeared, in 1783, A.I. Leksel, vivchiv yogo rukh and first enumerate the elements of the orbit of the lighthouse, having shown up, as irregularities appear in the Rus of Uranus, to wrap themselves up in the heavy world of the planet, as if to wrap up on a much more distant dream. By the taunts of such a planet in the end of the 1st half of the 19th century. were taken up by J. Adams and W. Lever, as there were analogous routes absolutely one of one. In the spring of 1845, Adam, due to the results of his calculation, must take all the elements of the planet's orbit and the position of the planet to heaven, the director of the Green Observatory, J. Approximately at the same hour, Le Verrier counted the elements of the orbit of the new planet and the world in the sky, for example, on May 18, 1846, at the Berlinsky Astronomical Observatory. The planet Bula was revealed to I. Halle on the first evening of the removal of the leaf, spring 23, 1846; she passed everything at 52 "from the overwhelmed mismatch.

Doslіdzhennya space - great benefit. Yogo minds fascinated us, and new insight will expand our knowledge about Vsesvit. However, it is not a good idea to have a list to serve as an improvement for the jealous intergalactic mandrels. Vsesvit can also be an even scary little thing. We will help you, so that nichto nikoli will not get stuck in one of ten lights.

10. Carbon Planet

Spіvіdnoshennya sisnu and charcoal on our planet is very high. For the sake of it, in coal to become all 0.1% of the entire mass of our planet (through the chain, there is such a failure in carbon materials, like diamonds and organic burning). However, not far from the center of our galaxy, deeper into the corner, more and more low, the planet can be a mother of a warehouse. Itself here you can know those who are called in the coal planets. The sky in a charcoal light will be blatant, but not crystal clear and blaky. Identify sobі zhovtu імlu with the black khmara kіptyavi. Due to the decrease in the atmosphere, see the seas, which are stored from unrefined oil and tar. The surface of the planet is covered with stinking methane vipars and covered with black brood. The weather forecast may not be good: go to gasoline and bitum (... pick up cigarettes). In addition, in the whole naphtha hell there is a positive aspect. Vi, melodiously, already guessed yak. There de vugletsyu even more richly - you can know and bezlich diamonds.

9. Neptune


On Neptune it is possible to see the weather, which can reach such fearful performances, which can be adjusted with the jet of a jet engine. The wind of Neptune carries the frozen gloom of natural gas from the winter edge of the Great Dark by the beaches - a hurricane of size from the Earth, the speed of the wind in which becomes 2,400 kilometers per year. The price is twice as much as the amount of money needed for a longer sound bar. These are strong in nature, far beyond the boundaries of what you can vitrimate a human being. Lyudin, who has leaned like a rank on Neptune, is better for everything, having been boldly rostered on shmats and at the expense of investments in a series of hard and uninterrupted victories. To become a mystery of that, the energy is taken, as it is necessary to bring the most planetary winds into the sleepy system, from a glance at those, how Neptune rots so far from the Sleep, just to reach the inner temperature of Pluto,

8.51 Pegasi b (51 Pegasi b)


Tsya gigantska gazova planet, on the note Bellerophon - in honor of the walnut hero, like the Volodya krylate horse Pegasus, 150 times bigger than the Earth and the place to be stored up with water and helium. Bellerophon will apply its own light to a temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius. Zirka, near what the planet is going to wrap around, 100 times closer to it, lower from the Sonce to the Earth. For a cob, such a temperature will sound like the strongest winds in the atmosphere. It’s hotter and more cold, but it’s cold as you go down on the second place, so it’s a weather that can reach a speed of 1000 kilometers per year. Such a sinter is also the volume and visibility of the water vaporization. However, tse does not mean that it is not going to be here. We went to see the special feature of Bellerophon. High temperatures allow zloza to take revenge on the planet, viparovatisya. If there are vapors on the ground, the stench is molded by the vapors, similar in their day to the earthly vapors from water vipars. Only if you don't forget, one important thing is to remember: if you drop the boards from the chimps, you will not be baked to the edge of the planet (... do not forget your parasol).

7. COROT-3b


COROT-3b is the most important and important exoplanet, in the present day. For the size of the won, it is approximately equal to Jupiter, the protean mass is 20 times more. In this rank, COROT-3b is approximately 2 times higher than lead. Scale the vice, how to be repaired on a man, how it has settled on the surface of such a planet, it will be unmistakable. On the planet, there are 20 Jupiter in the world, people will be 50 times more important than the smell of stink on the Earth. This means that 80 kilograms of people will be important on COROT-3b for 4 tons! Such a grip of evil is the skeleton of a human being, in fact, mittuvo - all one, like an elephant sitting on a youmu's chest.

6. Mars


On Mars, for a few years, a saw storm can be established, as for a few days covered the surface of the entire planet. Price of the most and hard sawing storms in all our Sonyachny system. Mars' saw funnels are easy to twist their earthly brothers-in-arms - the stench reaches the height of Mount Everest, and rush in them at a speed of 300 kilometers per year. When the sawstorm is set, there can be more than a few months to come again. By the same theory, the saw storms can reach such great times on Mars through those saw particles that kindly absorb the sleepy warmth and develop the atmosphere. Razigrіtі vіtrya collapse in bіk bіlsh colder regions, while setting up wіtru by ourselves. Strong winds saw more and more from the surface, as the atmosphere was brought into its own place, through which it was established even more and more and more again. Wonderfully, fewer saw drills on the planet fix their life in one impact crater. Rivnina Ellada is the biggest crater in the Sonyachniy System. The temperature in the lower part of the crater can be ten degrees higher, lower on the surface, and the crater is filled with a saw ball. Due to the temperature є the reason for the adoption of the wind, which drank, і the storm started its way farther on the planet.

5. WASP-12 b


In short, the planet is a very good planet from the last moment. The temperature, which will also prevent it, will become 2200 degrees over Celsius, and the planet itself will be in close orbit until its glimpse, due to the fact that the lights we see. It goes without saying, everything like people, including the people themselves, would instantly burst into flames in such an atmosphere. For good measure, the surface of the planet is twice as cold as the surface of our Sonce and twice as hot as lava. The planet can also wrap itself around its own gaze on its own name. Vaughn to go through its entire orbit, roztashovana all in 3.4 million kilometers from the star, in one earthly day.

4. Jupiter


The atmosphere of Jupiter is home to storms twice as large as the Earth itself. Tsі veletnі in its own ward є home for vіtrіv, which develops a speed of 650 kilometers per year, and colossal blizzards, which are 100 times more intense than earthly blizzards. Under the fearful and dark atmosphere, the ocean was shattered by a 40 kilometer glybin, so that one could be stored in a thin metal water. Here, on the Earth, the water is priceless, gas penetrating, but in the core of Jupiter, the water will transform into those who on our planet did not have nicholas. On the calling balls of Jupiter, there is water in the gas station, as well as on the Earth. Ale zanurennyam in the Glybin of Jupiter, the grip of the atmosphere is growing rapidly. From now on, the squeeze reaches such a force, which “see” the electrons from the atoms. For such unwitting minds, it’s time to transform into hard metal, which can conduct electricity and heat. Win also repairs add light, like a mirror. Tom, as Lyudin was running into a small water, and a gigantic blisk flashed above him, win bi її didn’t beat him.

3. Pluto


(It’s great that Pluto doesn’t get involved in the planet anymore) Do not let the image fool yourself - it’s not a winter's day. Pluto is an even colder world, de-frozen nitrogen, oxide in coal and methane cover the surface of the planet like a snig on the outskirts of a large part of the rock on Pluto (approximately 248 earthly rocks). The process of ice transforms from a white color to a horny brown color through the interaction with the gamma-vip prominence of the distant space and the distant Dream. On a clear day, the Sonce will give Pluto approximately a style of warmth and light, a bit of light from the Earth Mysyats in the next month. At temperatures on the surface of Pluto (-228 to -238 degrees Celsius), people froze instantly.

2. COROT-7b


Temperatures on the sides of the planet, brutal before the beginning of the day, high temperatures, how the stench can melt stones. In fact, simulate the atmosphere of COROT-7b, vvazhayut, on the planet, it is better for everything that is not a volatile gas (carbon dioxide, vapors of water, nitrogen), and the planet is formed for what it is possible to call it a melting mine. In the atmosphere of COROT-7b, such weather events are possible, before the hour of some (at the sight of earthly tablets, if in every day there are drops of water) on the surface of the planet, covered by the lava ocean, there are several stones. Yakshcho planet still does not give you an unpaid for life, it’s also a volcanic nightmare. It is notable with some signs that it is important that the COROT-7b orbit is not ideally rounded, but the gravitational forces are one, or two planets-sisters can move and attract the surface of the COROT, opening the rocket. A lot of volcanic activity on the surface of the planet - to move more strongly, not to Jupiter Іo's companion, on which activity there are 400 volcanoes.

1. Venus


About Venus it seems to be too little (the atmosphere is welcoming and light in the visible region of the spectrum) leave the Radiansky Union without launching the Venus program in an hour of the space race. If the first automatic interplanetary spacecraft succeeded in landing on Venus and in the hope of transmitting information to the Earth, the Radiansky Soyuz took one successful landing on the surface of Venus in the history of mankind. On the top of Venus' floor, in the very same hour, when I saw one of the AMS, 127 chilins were laid down - for what reason, the apparatus would be detonated and melted at once. So what would be the life on the most insecure planet in our sleepy system - Venus? Well, people might instantly choke on toxic twists, and if the power of Venus is heavy on Venus is all 90% of the earth, people would all be rocked by the majestic atmosphere of the atmosphere. The grip of the atmosphere of Venus will twist the grip 100 times until it sounds. The visota of Venus's atmosphere becomes 65 kilometers, and it’s on the floor, so a walk on the surface of the planet for sightseeing would not be seen as a walk on a 1 kilometer of water on Earth. Krym tsikh "zadovolen", the lump was more swiftly on fire through the temperature of 475 degrees Celsius and in an hour the remains of the bullet were bled with a high concentration of sour acid, as vypadaє at the viglyadi of the fallen on the surface of Venus.

Khmari on Neptune, the icon of the Voyager 2 spacecraft

The atmosphere of Neptune is similar to the gas shells of the other great planets in the Sonyachny system. Vaughn, in the main, is stored with water and helium, with a house of methane, water, amiak and іnhih z'єdnan.

Budova gas shell

On the view of the largest gas planets of the Sonyach system, the atmosphere is a large part of ice. Methane, in the upper balls of the planet, has a bright blue color.

A small amount of methane is clayed with light at the red end of the spectrum, which is permissible in the case of a blue light without going backwards.

The color of the atmosphere is yaskravish, below Uranus, which is similar to the atmosphere. Until the end of the day, astronomers do not know the reasons why there is such a difference in colory.

The upper level of the oblast is located in the point, depressing to reach low for the condensation of methane. Astronomers have photographed many people. Glibshe, the temperature gradually rises to 0 ° C and can be formulated from the water.

Velyka Dark Plyama, a sign of the spacecraft Voyager-2

Yak and on the largest planets gigants, the atmosphere is to avenge the dark storms.

The most recent window in the Sonyachniy system

Naybilsh dynamically evolves in three in the Sonyachny system to blow on Neptune - its speed is close to 2400 km / year.

Deyakі storms can majestic majesty and іnuvati stretching a trivial period for an hour. On the planet є Great Dark Plama, similar to Great Chervona Plama on Jupiter.

On the Earth, from the riddles about the poles, it seems colder than the place, ala on Neptune, as once navpaki. As a matter of fact, the northern pole of the planet is 10-degrees warmer, lower than this part with an average temperature of -200 degrees per Celsius.

It’s not less than enough, and it’s not less than enough that it’s growing at the end of the pole, which in the Danish hour of heaving to Sontsya. A lot of heat to contribute to the coverage of the most needed windows in all Sonyachny systems.

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Neptune

The eighth planet of the Sonya system, mass 17.2 mass of the Earth, average density 1.7 g / cm 3, the period of wrapping around the Sonja mayzhe 165 years. The period of wrapping (straight) about the axis is 15.8 years ± 1 year. Neptune is similar to Uranus due to the characteristics of the atmosphere and internal budov. In the form of a host and a system of children. From them Triton should be located up to the number of the largest in the Sonyachny system (radius 2000 km); vin maє zorotnu wrapping around the planet. The atmosphere of Neptune is mainly composed of invisible water and helium. With its blue color, Neptune has a small amount of methane in the atmosphere, like clay in the main red light. On Neptune, there are the best winds in the Sleeping System, and you can reach the speed of 2000 km / year. There is a simmering, but diamonds can be set in the hearty, hot middle under the temples of Uranus and Neptune.

Pluto

Pluto and Charon set up the sub-system. The price of the name of the great planets of the Sonyachnoy system. The average density is close to 2 g / cm 3. The period of Charon's wrap around Pluto is 6.4 add., When the distance is 17000 km, the orbit is 55 °. The average temperature of Pluto's surface is 37 K. Pluto's surface is covered with ice with methane and nitrogen in the house in carbohydrates. Win maє rozrіzhenu atmosphere with quiet gas.