Father Alizaveti Petrivny. Russia in the middle of the xviii century Ear of pravlinnya Alizaveti Petrivni

On the light, it appeared before the laying of the official boat with the fathers. The girl was born lizaveta. Also, the Romanov dynasty did not vykoristov before Nicholas.

In 1711, Peter the Great and Katherine were killed by the lawful wolf. Apparently, the daughters of the elder Gann and the young Elizaveta became tsars. And if in 1721 the Russian tsar voted for himself as emperor, then the children thought of the name of the Tsar.

Artist G. H. Groot, 1744 rіk

The partymates meant that lizaveta Bula was superbly beautiful, overwhelmed with dresses, saints and dances. Vaughn is unique in any serious occupation and it turned out to be all near and lightweight. Yak, a young woman, a pretender to the throne, did not brave enough to be respected.

However, the penetrating people thought, but the princess is not so simple, as she was looking forward to the first glance. Vona was not a bully, but sooner she was playing the role of a windblown individual, so yak that bullet is beautiful. As a matter of fact, the young woman has a small volitional character, unabashed mind, ambition and possession.

In the rest of the rock, the rule of the Empress Yulizaveta Petrivna is very ill. Neskіnnі nіchnі svyatkuvannya, bold іzha, not wishing to change the way of life and lіkuvatіsya sovereigns. Getting old has become a nightmare for a woman. Niyaki embellishments that vbrannya could not whimsy along with boisterously lived rocky.

The ruler got angry, fell into depression, wore masquerades and bali, showing herself through the human eyes in the palace. In a whole hour, spend some time before her mi lishe Ivan Shuvalov. The sovereign died on the 25th breast 1761 fatalities from throat bleeding... Wono was the result of a chronic illness that was not established by doctors. On the Russian throne was the nephew of the former Empress Peter III.

Oleksiy Starikov

Hour of Alizaveti Petrivnia (1741-1761)

Epoha Alizaveti Petrivni

Zagalna assessment of the era ... Proceeding to the vivchennya of the greats of the Tsikava hour of Alizaveti Petrivny, mi persh for everything, a little historical explanation. The meaning of the hour of Alizaveti is estimated and appreciated in a reasonable way. Єlizaveta was claiming great popularity; Alec people, and even more intelligent people, accomplices of Alizaveti, as with condemnation, guessed the hour and the order. Such, for example, Katerina II and N. I. Panin; and if you pick up old memoirs in your hands, you should feel the time of the era, then you know in them you may even start laughing at the meeting until the hour of Alizaveti. Before the dіyalnostі її were staged with a laugh. І such a look at the era of Єlizaveti buv at the great fashion; In general, Catherine II herself set the tone, until the death of Alizaveta passed to Vlad, and the eminent empresses echoed them. So, N. I. Panin about the king of Alizaveti wrote: "Tsey epoh merit a particular note: in this new hour, all the sacrifice of the present hour, bazhannya seizures of people and all outsiders are suitable in the right". Panin, obviously, is a rotten memory of those who were up to Alizaveti, a great characteristic can be set before the era of the time rulers, "seizure people" 1725-1741 rr. If we want to tell Panin, then we are guilty about the hour of Elizabeth, like about the dark hour and the same with the next hour. The point of view of Panina has passed into our historical literature. In pratsi S. V. Ushevsky ("Narys of Tsar Alizaveti Petrivna"), we know, for example, the following words: іstorії of struggle of different parties, courtiers іntrigues and tragic catastrophes "(Soch., II, 366). Tsia assessment (unfair zagalі) for the princes of Alizaveti is not known for any historical meaning. On the thought of Ashevsky, the hour of Alizaveti is also the hour of the unreasoning of the building of Russia and of the reform of Peter, as of the era of the time rulers and of the German regime. "The sense of reform is beginning to know again only under Katherine II," says Vin (Soch. II, 373). So on the right I went to S. M. Solovyov. Solovyov buv about the furnishing of documents and good knowledge of the archives of the Alizavetin hour from the right. Vyvcheniy їm great material spіlno s Ovnye zіbrannyam zіvnіv graftik yogo until іnshogo perekonannya. Solovyov, like the shukati of the exact word, "falling in love" with the epoch and writing about her in the spyvchuttyam. Win firmly remembered, that Russian suspension was shanuvalo Elizaveta, that she was a popular sovereign. It is the main merit of the Lizaveti that in respecting the fault of the Nimetsian regime, the systematic intercession of all the national and humanity: with such a straightforward order of the Lizaveti, a lot of brown details have faded into the rosy life on the right; the national "rules and calls" whipped a number of new characters during the time of Alizaveta, which promoted the glory of Katerina II. The Hour of Alizaveti was rich for the dazzling performance of Katerina and all the middle, and the pose of Russia. This rank, historically significant to the hour of Elizabeth, begins, on the thought of Solovyov, his preparatory roll according to the date before the coming era, and the historical merit of Elizabeth lies in the nationality of XXIV.

Empress Elizaveta Petrivna. Portrait of a robot V. Eriksen

There is no sense in the fact that the last point of view is more fair, but look at it. The turn of Alizaveti to the national security policy that all the middle, and the posture of Russia in front of me, in front of me, was thrown by the most popular sovereign in the eyes of the other people who gave the king to the right. Mirny nahili uryah uryad from the outward politicians, humanely directly from the inner - cute rice described the king of Alizaveti and infused it on the famous Russian suspension, making it to the dignity of the Mother of God.

Moreover: the whole youth of the tsar was spent at balls and assemblies, and not corpses over the handlers - she didn’t get ready to become an empress. Fathers prophesied її for one of the European monarchs, so it’s guilty to leave Russia in early youth. However, life has turned inakshe.

Yunist tsesarivni

The day of the people of Alizaveti was about to reach the date significant for Russia: on the whole day, 18th breast 1709 r Peter the Great arriving in the capital and getting into the capital immediately, without failing to kill, svyatkuvati overpower the Swedish king Charles XII. And then they told you more about the people of the daughters. The happy daddy brought forth the intentions is sacred for the іnshiy - writing vshanuvannya of the little tsarіvnya.
Alizaveta vikhovuvala together with her sister Ganna (the children of the emperor's homeland did not see). Osvita won out no more smartly, but she still spoke French, trocha nimetsky and Italian, danced wonderfully and was beautifully trimmed in suspension. It will not be forgotten: they didn’t cook in the queen.

After the death of the fathers, Alizaveta led her modest life. True, at her very hour a little bit of hope flared up for her: a decline to the throne, nephew of Alizaveti, having already buried his young ugly tit, and at the court there was a misty little bit about the young man among them. Ale nezabar nezabarny Petro "switched" to Katerina Dolgoruky, and Alizaveta once again "went to the tin." Throughout the entire period of her rule, Annie Ioanivni Vona respected for the beautiful trimatis given to the palace with its intrigues and wives.

Ale the axis of the world is Anna Ivanivna. The closeness of Alizaveti (in the middle of them, with a special infusion on the young woman, the doctor Lestok koristuvavsya) vvlyayut її zvezhitsya on the coup. After setting an hour, if you can reject everything. It’s as if it’s hard to get away, it’s impossible, it’s a lot more: a bigger, happy contender for the throne can і hang out іlizaveta from the country, і go to a distant monastir, and then і call "usuti" go noise.

long-term coup

Єlizaveta accepted the decision. Tsesarivna in the uniform of an officer in the supervisor of Lestok, Count M.I. Vorontsov and his own victories of Schwartz's music appeared in the barracks of the roti of the grenadiers of the Preobrazhensky regiment and turned up to them with simple words, which immediately zoomed to ignite their hearts: “Hello! We knew my dad. Yak served you, so serve me! ".
The grenadiers saw the tsarina in Maybut and went with her to the Winter Palace. So, without any bloodshed, a great coup d'état began, as a result of which the daughter of the great Peter took the throne for 20 years.

Rocky under Vladi

Yakoy Bula Yulizaveta Petrivna? As soon as the courtiers are portraits and witnesses, then there is a fair beauty. The statue is more beautiful, the figure revealing it is correct - hiba scho nis trokhi kirpatiy (to that, before the speech, all the portraits are full face). Vona loved new outfits, fashionable tweaks, and gave great importance to the atmosphere.

Mabut, Elizabeth is not small with a special sovereign rozum. However, the tse Bula is strong in character and wise woman. Climb to the throne, having secured the deprivation of a child of transformations, - such a grapevine of a man of a home. Having settled down on the heights of power, you wondered if you were gifted with people, who helped you to understand the essence of how to manage the power and how to do it.

Vvazhaєtsya, that the princely reddish has redefined all the state and political inquiries of the country to the favorites, and she herself has become the head rank. Ale let’s think about it: if it’s like that, could the majestic land develop clearly in a given straight line, without kolivan course, kerovana kіlkoma favorites? With this role, as the grave is an autocratic monarch, the price is unfortunate. The state systematically collapsed into a bik of sanctified absolutism, and here it was richly destroyed by Alizaveta herself, for her active participation.

pid bags

Yaky way passed Russia for 20 years? Bully "renewal of rights" Senate, colleges and magistrates. The nobles changed into a closed camp, on the yak the supreme vlada was spiraling. We have undergone a reform of the economic situation in the country. Vіdkrito is the first university in Russia. Near the towns there were educational schools.
As a result, in the past, Russia has rejected a part of Finland. On the right I went to the peremogy in Semirichniy viynі z Prussiniyu. Before Russia, a part of Kazakhstan came. Think, who is it possible to do everything, spend whole days at the balls?

Lizaveta was relieved of the abundant choloviks, and the shlyubvona went to forgive the dog Oleksiyom Rozumovskiy, always modestly trimming the edge of power. The Empress was in power to see the special life from the powers of the powers.

Lizaveta Petrivna was written by her great dad and she was enlightened by her commandments. Tse bula energіyna, the woman is more judgmental, "the Russian master's help", as the historians wrote, and, Mabut, Russia was spared, but for 20 years it appeared under the tsіє "panskoy" ownership. From those who wish to spend on the royal throne at that hour, the daughter of Peter appeared to be a candidate - it is impossible not to see, as if it would not have been our special position.

І. Argunov "Portrait of Empress Alizaveti Petrivna"

“Lizaveta became a passionate person for rearrangements, over-waking and traveling; At the same time, “she kept quiet with the energy of her father, she was in a palace about 24 years, and in the courtyard she spent the same way from Moscow to St. Petersburg” (V. Klyuchevskiy).

Empress Elizaveta Petrivna (1709-1761)- the daughter of Peter I, the people of the church before the church befriended by another squad, the maybutnya Katerina I.

Father її іѕ ії і elder sister Anna Blisky and wаѕ thаt thаt іѕ named Maybutн Lizaveta grew up seeing “mothers” and the year of the village women, for which she knew well and fell in love with Russian sounds and sounds. For navchannya from earthmovs to the Tsisarev boule, the teacher was assigned a nimetskiy, french, italian mov. Grace and vitality as a French dance master. Russian and European cultures have formulated the character and characters of the Maybutne іmperatritsі. The historian V. Klyuchevskiy wrote: “From the evening she went to the ball, and from the ball she rose to matins, she loved French performances to the point of addiction and knew all the gastronomic secrets of Russian cuisine to the subtlety.”

Lui Karavakk "Portrait of the Empress Alizaveti Petrivna"

Especially the life of Alizaveti Petrivna did not work out: Peter the Great didn’t look like he was looking for the French dauphin Louis XV, but he didn’t wrinkle. Therefore, the boules of French, Portuguese and Persian pretenders were presented. Nareshty, Elizaveta stayed with the Holstein prince Karl-August, he died with a rapt ... At the right time, we discussed it with the young Emperor Peter II, who was shyly snuggling into his little bit.

In 1730 Hanna Ivanivna (two-year-old sister of Alizaveti) came to the throne in 1730; people, took a part in їkh dances and igrakh. The guardrail with the booth of Alizaveti Petrivna was the barracks of the Preobrazhensky regiment. The guards loved the Empress Maybut for her simplicity and for the garnet before them.

coup

Emperor Ioann VI voiced the life of Alizaveti Petrivna changed: she became a part of Buvati at the courtyard, she was taught by Russian dignitaries and earthly ambassadors, as in the zaglom-then they took into account the idea. On the 25th of leaf fall in 1741, the fate of the won was in the barracks of the Preobrazhensky regiment and was sent to the grenadiers, who swore the oath and straightened up to the palace. Having thrown off the ruler і її sina, lizaveta beheaded herself the Empress. In a short manifest, Vona explained her grandchildren to the vicissitudes of the family and the blood dispute with the reigning housekeeper.

In the coup d'état, she generously guarded wine: pennies, invited, noble priest, ranks ...

Having made themselves favorites (mainly Russian people: Rozumovski, Shuvalova, Vorontsov and etc.), Vona didn’t allow any of them to panuvannya, she wanted intrigues at the courtyard, fighting for the inflow ...

HER. Lancer "Empress Elizaveta Petrivna in Tsarskoe Sely"

The artist Lanceré vividly conveys the unity of the style of life and the style of painting the epochs have passed. The visit of Alizaveti Petrivna by mail is interpreted as a theatrical action, as it is great to post an empress, to take a walk on the façade of the palace. The composition will be in contrast to the written baroque architecture and the empty parterre park. The artist is ironically proportional to the massiveness of architectural forms, monumental sculpture and diyovyh features. Yogo will start to roll over the elements of architectural decor and details of the toilet. A trail of empressive changes in theatrical dependency, behind which there is the knowledge of court actors, who keep up with the vicarious roles. At the piled-up individual and figurines of the “hooking up, the character” is an arab girl, diligently carrying an emperor's train. From the look of the artist, it was categorically not hidden, and a curious detail - an unclosed snuff-box in the floppy hands of the favorite cavalier. Merekhtinnya vіzerunkiіvі colіrnyh beaches open up the sight of a lively past.

Internal policy

For the conciliation to the throne of Alizaveta Petrivna, by a memento decree, the Cabinet of Ministers and Announced the Uryadov Senate, "like it was under Peter the Great." To change the throne for the decline of her father, she wicked to Russia her nephew, the 14th son of the elder sister Annie, Peter Ulrich, the Duke of Holstein, and she denounced the yak with her decayed father, Peter Fyodorovich.

The Empress handed over to the Senate the entire viconavch and legislator, and she herself went to the holy day: on her way to Moscow, she spent two months in balls and carnivals, until the coronation of April 25, 1742, on the Kremlin Cathedral of the Dormition ended.

Lizaveta Petrivna re-made her tsar in the sutsilnaya rozvag, having lost 15 thousand cloths for herself, a few thousand pairs of swollen, hundreds of unrepentant clothes of mothers, lack of demand in the Winter Palace, after 1761. 10 million rubles. Vona tried to re-create her own relish at the emperor’s residence, entrusting the task to the architect Rastrella. Sheds 1761 The building is finished, the internal robots are gone. However, Elizaveta Petrivna died, so she did not survive to the Winter Palace. The life of the Winter Palace was finished already under Katherine II. Tsya Budivlya of the Winter Palace has been preserved to our days.

Winter Palace, engraving of the 19th century

The Tsar Alizaveti Petrivna did not carry out any fundamental reforms in the state, albeit the innovations of the Buli. In 1741, the order forgave the villagers for 17 years, in 1744, for the orders of the Empress in Russia, the death penalty was canceled. There were going to be some weekends and bogadilny ones. From the initiative of P.I. Shuvalov was organized by the committee for the development of new legislation, the noble and merchant banks were established, the internal ministers and the ministry were changed on the earthly comrade, the recruitment was settled.

The nobles have once again become a closed, privileged camp, so they can benefit from campaigns, and not special merits, like Peter I.

Under the Empress Alizaveti Petrivna, the development of Russian science is determined: M.V. Lomonosov publishes his scientific practice, the Academy of Sciences is the first new geographic atlas of Russia, the first chemical laboratory has appeared, in Moscow, the university was founded with two schools under the new one, and became the Moscow Gazette. In 1756, the first Russian state theater was hardened in Petersburg, the director of which was A.P. Sumarokov.

V.G. Khudyakov "Portrait of I. I. Shuvalov"

The foundation of the library of the Moscow University was laid, the foundation of the library was books donated to I.I. Shuvalov. And in the collection of the St. Petersburg Academy of Mistresses, he transferred 104 paintings by Rubens, Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Poussin and other types of European artists. Winning the majestic additions at the form of the picture gallery Ermitazhu. At the lizavetinsky hour of the picture gallery, one of the elements of a wonderful palace auspiciousness, as if guiltyly asked to the courtyard, witnessed the might of the Russian state. Until the middle of the 18th century, a number of tsikavi and valuable private rings appeared, the masters of which boules were representatives of the aristocratic aristocracy, as following the Empress they embellished the palaces with the creators of mysticism. The ability of the Russian noblemen to rise in price a lot and the clear interaction with the European culture took the form of new natural likeness to the Russian zbirach.

Zovnishnya policy

At the rocky government of Alizaveti Petrivna, Russia significantly changed its international camp. The distribution in 1741 from the Swiss ended with the world in Abo in 1743, behind which Russia came the part of Finland. As a result of the sharp increase in the strength of Prussia and contamination of the Russian volodin in the Baltic region, Russia took part in the fight against the World War II (1756-1763 r.r.), As it demonstrated the path of the future of Russia. At the serpentine 1760 Russian vіyska under the command of P.S. Saltikov defeated the Prussian army of Fridrikh II and went to Berlin. Leave the death of Єlizaveti hid the Prussian king as a result of another catastrophe. Aleh having ascended the throne after the death of Peter III, he became the chanuval of Fridrikh II and turned Prussia all the conquests of Alizaveti.

Special life

Alizaveta Petrivna, who was in youth a gambling dancer and a bold affair, with rock was more and more importantly reconciled to the second youth and beauty. Since 1756, the untidiness and the sudomi began to roam with her all the more often, as she tried to cheat.

K. debates "Portrait of the Empress of the Empress Alizaveti Petrivna with mail"

K. Valiszewski, Polish historian, writer and publicist, having opened a series of creations, appropriated to Russian history. Win vidad from France French language, repairing rock since 1892, one after one book about the Russian tsars and emperors, about їkh otochennі. The books of Valishevsky Boule were brought together in the series "Adventures of Suchasnoy Rossiya" and the period between Tsar Ivan the Terrible and Oleksandr I. At the book "Daughter of Peter the Great. Alizaveta Petrivna "(1902), he describes the last rik of the life of the empress as follows:" Winter of 1760-61. passed in St. Petersburg not styles in balls, but in stressed ochіkuvannі them. The Empress did not appear in public, she curled up in the bedroom, took, without standing up from the sled, only the ministers with additional reasons. During the years, Elizaveta Petrivna drank mint drinks, looked at the fabrics, swung them with kumas and rapt, if somehow reconciling the outfit, standing in the distance, she rattled off about the world appearing at the ball. The court was repaired, Ale, if the cloth was pulled up, the hair of the Empress was combed up, and the cosmetics were applied according to all the rules of the art, Alizaveta went to the mirror, was impressed - and skasovuvala holy ”.

Vona died in 1761 as a strong countrywoman, and she singed to the sick, but the stench was too small because of the evil.

Єlizaveta Petrivna was playing in the dark morganatic shlyubi with A.G. Rozumovskiy, from what (for deyakie dzherels) they have children, like Tarakanov's name. In the XVIII century. for the greats of Katherine II, Bula was brought from Europe and tonsured to the Pavlovsky Monastery in Moscow for the sake of Dosifei, a daughter of an avant-listeurist, who was born in 1774. The bullock was arrested and entangled in the Peter and Paul Fortress, she died in 1775, having taken in her own way to visit the priest.

K. Flavitsky "Princess Tarakanova"

The artist K. Flavitsky made a history of the story for the plot of his painting "Princess Tarakanova". On the canvas of images, the casemate of the Peter and Paul Fortress, behind the walls, is like a bush. A young woman is standing on the skate, looking out of the way, arriving in zaratovane vіkno. Wet shchuri vibrate from the water, pick up to nig vyaznya.

"Be amazed at Petrovi's help,
To the city, to the fleet and to the police
I bought on my kaidani,
On the strong hold of someone else's hand,
Rosiya jealously zitkhala
І Heart of Kozhen Day of the Volala
Until you, your zakhisnytsya:
"Visvoli, I will throw off our draft,
Give us a Petrova tribe,
Calm down, calm your people,

Kriy Batkivski laws,
Shelves of opposite vidzheni
The First Holiness of Your Crown
Throw a trick to strangers;
From the church to the door of the tax:
Chekayut chambers for you,
Porphyry, Scepter and Throne;
Omnipotent before You
And the Lord's hands are Yours
Take evils out of all terrible. "

Ironic VIRSHI A.K. TOLSTOY

"The queen is merry
Bula Elisabeth:
Spivay and have fun,
The order is just dumb. "

RUSSIA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XVIII CENTURY

“On ... the majestic space in the 40-50s of the 18th century. lived only 19 million of both articles. The stench in the land was irregularly distributed over the territory of the land. Whereas the population of the Central Industrial Region, which had hunted as much as Moskovska and adjoined to her province, numbered no less than 4.7 million Choloviks, then the population of Siberia and Pivnochs - no more than 1 million Choloviks.

Not less the tsikava and social structure of the population of Russia at that hour. There lived no more than 600 yew near the towns. Cholovik, or less than 4% of the total population. The village population was divided into two main groups: the villagers of the Vlasnytsia (priests, palatsovs, monasteries) and the sovereigns, whose suzerain was a power. In the zalnyi masi, the revision (census) of 1744-1747 rr. of the rural population (7.8 million souls of the number of persons), there were 4.3 million souls of the rural population, or 50.5%. In general, the population became 70% of the rural population and 63.2% of the entire population. Nastilki is a sign of the transfer of krypakiv to the end of the change to indicate the nature of the economy of Russia in the middle of the 18th century.

The era of reforms in Petrovska has given an intensive industrial development of the country. At the first half of the XVIII century. The boules reached the prominent successes in black metallurgy. As early as 1700, Russia was driving the chavun 5 times less than England was at the forefront at that hour (it was reported 2.5 thousand vol. І 12 thousand vol. Vol.). Already in 1740, the release of the chavun in Russia was 25 yew. T., I won far behind England, viplavlyati 17.3 yew. T. In the forgiveness, the prodovzhu zbіlshuvatis was thrown out, and in 1780 Russia was melting 110 yew. t chavunu, and England - only 40 yew. v. I deprive the end of the ХУШ century. So honored in England, the promises of the revolution bowed down to the edge of the economic power of Russia, prompted by the manufacture of manufacturing and semi-feudal organization of practice.

The other four of the XVIII century. about the crisis of the economy of Russia and kazati. Tilki for 15 years (from 1725 to 1740), the release of the chavun and zaliza in the country is more than 2 times lower (from 1.2 million to 2.6 million pounds). In these rocks, they developed and developed industry, as well as trade. In the Elizabethan period, the importance of promiscuity took away the further development. So, the whiplash for the chavun for 25 yew. T 1740 r has grown to 33 yew. T. In 1750 and up to 1760 r, she deposited 60 yew. T. For the insights of the fahivts, 50-і rock boules for the metallurgical industry is truly a record stretch of the 18th century. "

Anisimov E.V. Russia in the middleXviiistolittya. M., 1986

GNIV І MILIST

25 leaf fall 1741 fate brought a new coup. At night, the guards soldiers, on a chola with their daughter Alizaveta, dressed in a kirass, escaped into the bedroom of the ruling Brunswick family. Little Emperor and Yogo Batka Buli Areshtovani. The soldier, like nis Ivana VI, letting him in at the gatherings. Felling a family with a sphatku mali namir vidpraviti for the cordon. Then they poured them over and they were not safe. Brantsiv was sent to Kholmogory, for pivnich. There they came to the meeting of the brothers and sisters of Ivan VI. Anna Leopoldivna and Anton of Braunschweig died on misdemeanor. The children, who were fenced off to read and write, were drawn back to the day. Ivana VI from chotiroh rock_v trimali okremo - in Shlisselburzk_y fortress. In 1764, he was killed by Wartoy when he tried to get the best of it by the adventurer Mirovich.

With the fall of the Brunschweig prince, the boules arehtovani Minich and Osterman. Їх was sent to the dispatch in Siberia. And the axis about "merits" of Biron Alizaveta guessed. U 1730-1740 rr. Duke of Courland did not give Empress Annie Ioanivni to imprison Elizabeth in a monastery. (Biron was encouraged to befriend his sine on lizaveta.) Єlizaveta allowed Biron to turn from Siberia and life in Yaroslavl.

A company of guards of the Preobrazhensky regiment, yak took a coup, the bullet was named life company. Non-noble soldiers rejected Spadkov's nobility. All Life-Kompants were wrapped in masks. Nadal Life-Kompantsev did not play a visible role in the Elizabethan tsaruvannya.

Leib-Kompantsev and іnshі participants of the coup took away 18 thousand rubles. Villagers і close 90 yew. Ruble And in general, from 1741 to 1761 r 800 yew were given to the nobles. Shower of both articles.

grants

The nobles were not only admitted to the exhibition at the end of 25 years of service, and they did not particularly follow him, they smelled stink at the service in the singing vice. During the reign of Alizavet, the call to enroll the nobles in the regiments was widespread - from 3-4 years, with a whole child, they lived in the booths of their fathers, alley and visluga of rock. If the young noblemen have done well to serve, the stinks of the officers' ranks and of serving them have gone unrepentant until the end of the 25th term.

Officer service in the guards regiments is not a small number of suvorikh obmezheni and we will accept it as a prestigious roving, yak, however, vimagalo chimalikh pennies.

In order to receive the income of the nobility, in 1754, Elizabeth denounced the distillery (wine production) to the monopoly of the nobles. Tse meant that only nobles can now play such a viable product for sale. Merchants, such as mali guralna, were told to sell them to the nobles with a hand.

The nobles were expected to transfer the same state backwaters to the Urals. In 1754, the Noble Bank was organized, giving the nobles a loan for a low fee (6% against the traditional 30% for that hour).

In 1746 r Alizaveta saw a decree, like a fence for anyone, like noblemen, kupuvati people with land or without land. Navit to serve special nobles were fenced off by mothers of krіpakіv. In 1754, the general area of ​​the land was recovered. Non-nobles (including large merchants) were fenced in by mothers of mattresses with krypaks. For 6 months of the stench of guilt, I sold my t-shirt. At the pidsumku, the "gentry" added 50 million tithes to the land.

At the same time, 1754 boules were chanted in Russia internal mitts, from which everyone played, who were engaged in trade, especially merchants.

In 1760, pomeshchiki denied the right to dominate their villagers from up to 45 years before Siberia. Kozhen's messages were secured for a recruit, that the nobles widely censured for their right, dominating the disagreeable, the poor, the poor villagers and the abortive workers. From 1760 to 1765 more than 20 thousand rubles were sent to Tobolsk and the Yenisei province. Krіpakіv.

Kriposne right to do it. They didn’t respect people for the people: lizaveta took the oath from the oath, and they brought the first child.

Elizaveta spent the whole hour cared for, as soon as the daughter of Peter I is there and will rule, yak. But the tsaritsa didn’t volodya geniєm dad, so the similarity of the cichs manifested itself just as well. Olyzaveta revived that system of establishing the central government, like a bool under Peter I. ... The presidents of the Allied and Diplomatic Departments and individuals designated as Empress were invited to the conference.

THE IMPERATRESS OF LIZAVETA

“The nineteen-year-old king of the state gave all Europe the power to become aware of its character. She sounded like the bachelor of the sovereign, made a friend of kindness and humanity, generous, liberal and generous, albeit easy-going, safe, so I can live as much as I love, I love that, I am pleased with the friendliness of the country, I will be extremely quick dovіrlivu and zavzhd to be found from chiyam nebudu in flow.

All the same, now it’s good to the world, ale roku and tired of health, having broken a gradual change in her body, which also took on her moral frame. So, for example, love to the satisfaction of and grocery Christmas carols was given in this moment of rooting to silence and self-help, but not to pratsi. Until the end of the last Empress Yulizaveta Petrivna, I saw more than just any other way around. For her, it is hateful to any nagaduvannya about the right, and when approaching it is not easy to trample vichikuvati in the manner of obedient chilinia, for the shitty and write a decree or a list. "

IN. KLYUCHEVSKY About Єlizaveti Petrivny

Tsaryuvannya її bulo not without glory, navit not without corista.<…>Myrna is turbulent, she has gotten into a fight, fighting half of her tsar, she outdone the first strategist of that hour, Frederick the Great, took Berlin, bowed down to the first soldiers in the fields of Zorndorf and Kunersdorf; ale from the rule of the tsar of Sophia, nikoli did not live so easily in Russia, and the tsar until 1762 didn’t have such a good help. With two great coalitions of war, vis-à-vis Zahidnu Europe, when she was well, Alizaveta, from her 300-thousand army, could become the leader of the European vale; the map of Europe lay in front of her in an ordered manner, ale vona looked at her so vividly, until the end of her life she had been singled out in the possibility of going to England on a dry road; I won’t fall asleep at the first university in Russia - Moscow. Liniva is a bit preppy, she couldn’t think of it as a serious thought, but she didn’t care about anything. Ale, in her inner chambers of the won, she created her own special political rationale from the hosts and storytellers, plytkarki, on some of those standing in the private private office, de-vint of the bully Mavr Ugorivna Shuvalov, Skavronskaya, a relative of the Empress, I mean simply lizaveta Ivanivna, as it was called the Minister of the Transcord. "All the information was submitted through her to the sovereigns," - the party member respects.<…>For all that, in now, not like in the Courland past, here there is a great deal of the bark of barks, a rotten call and savoring savorings, a man lived, for an hour he was called into the home of a common landowned country in the land of death On May 17, 1744, the fate of the death penalty was actually passed in Russia, then in the non-confirmation of the fierce criminal part of the Law, folded in the Commission of 1754, the Senate also captured the death penalty, then in the absence of obscene obscenities then, nareshti, in the building of the posters of an unjust decision, violated by the steps of the same Synod. Alizaveta Bula is smart and kind, Ale is heartless and steadfast Russian gentleman of the 18th century, Yaku was barked for life at the Russian sound, and everyone mourned over death.

COURT OF ZHITTYA 30-50 GG. XVIII cc.

The dvir of Alizaveti, after sinking at the rosters and vishukanikh nichnyh rozvagah (the queen was afraid of sleeping at night, she was afraid of snakes, who were awake in Russia at night). The name of the court of Alizaveti was not very much seen from the European court life. At the balls, the reception of music sounded, as well as the performance of miraculous orchestras, lizaveta Petrivna shone with beauty and outfits. At the courtyard, bali masquerades were regularly held, and in the first ten years - and so called "metamorphosis", if the panics were taken into the suits, and the choloviks - in the women. Alizaveta Petrivna herself set the tone for the fashion legislator. Її wardrobe including 15 yew. Sukony. Even the tsarina did not wear two for them. Protee V.O. Klyuchevs'kyi meaning: “ Having ascended the throne, she wanted to live her children in charisma; performances, razvazhalny trips, kurtagh, bali, masquerades stretched out with an endless low, scho they feared a loose blitz and rocked to the point of boredom. Often the whole yard was re-created in the theatrical foyer: day after day they talked only about French comedy, about this zealous comic opera and about the world of localities, about the intermezzo and t. , reluctance: the door will not be locked, the barrel is in the window; water flowed along the walls of the sheathing, the rooms of the boules were superbly siri; Grand Duchess Katerina had majestic schilines in her bedroom in the oven; close to the central bedroom in a small chamber, 17 individual servants are worn out; The furniture was so small, that the mirror, the lazy, the tables and the styles were transported from the palace to the palace, from St. Petersburg to Moscow, lamals, beaten, and placed in such a view at the time of the day. Lizaveta lived and reigned in gilded wretchedness; she has lost herself in the wardrobe of another 15 thousand cloth, two screenshots of shocking punch, a bunch of unpaid racks and shortages of the great Winter Palace, having already poured from 1755 to 1761 more than 10 thousand rubles for our Not too bad before his death, he even wanted to live in a palace; ale vona marno bustled, wake up awake Rastrell, having been quick to finish, I would like to have a great house. French haberdashery shops and inodi were introduced for admission to the new-fashioned palace on credit ".

Invisible rice of the Russian autocracy in the 1725-1750s. becoming favoritism. The rulers waited, albeit at the skin bully of love, as Volodya was a majestic ruler and flowed into the powers, they did not occupy the highest positions of power. They were happy with the love, "nobles in different", the petty chimals of pennies. On them, the golden boards of gifts were constantly sealed, a thousand, or even tens of thousands of kripaks were given. Oleksiy Rozumovskiy and Ivan Shuvalov were treated with a special subtlety during the reign of Alizaveta Petrivna. When people were close to favorites, they were also colossal wagons.

About falling asleep at MOSCOW UNIVERSITY І TWO HIMNASIES

With a supplement to find a hardened project on a subject

1755, January 12

If the immortality is glorified in Boz, our father and sovereign Peter the Pershiy, the great emperor and the renovator of his father, has lost the glory of ignorance and weakened in the forces of Russia until the end of the good fortune, I am a human hour Pratsi respecting that, not only Russia saw it, but a great part of the light of that evidence; If only the most glorious monarch, our Father, and the sovereign, the all-usefulness of this enterprise, would like to live for an hour so і about tvіr for everything, even if only for the corny and the prosperity of all life, we can serve, but also for the wealth of mothers, all the promises of our mothers of mercy, no one to repent, and the need to make the area come back for an hour This, we inherit, from our patriots and know how to finish, that our bazhanya and the will of the Pole in the creation of the folk good will to the glory of our life, to be adjusted to the fact that our long-awaited zeal to get ahead of our ancestors; if it were like goodness to be like a sanctified rose, and because of that evil is rooted, then it is also necessary for those to be magicked, in the way of decent sciences, grew up in our empire, be like knowledge; glory to what we inherit for the out-of-town Batkivshchyna, our Senate, and having given us the honor of the country’s well-being, all the more submissive to us, that our chamberlain and cavalier Shuvalov submitted to the Senate by submitting a report on a project without realizing that science is everywhere needed and correct, and in a way that the people are highly educated in such a way! і glorified over living with those who are not given by people, in which the witness of our capital is seen from God given, to the prosperity of our empire, the father of our sovereign Emperor Peter the Great, in the divine glory of science through the invention of the gift in just a short hour, the change of traditions and evictions and negligence, by the very hour of hardening, the Buda city and fortress, the army was established, the navy was pledged, the uninhabited lands were corrected, the water nobles were established, all the people were happy, the human, in the kind of innocent fruit of all good, everybody often seems to be present; But our empire is wide, established here by our father, the sovereign Peter the Great, the St. і with the coryst of thy fruit, and viroblyaє, but with one of them I cannot be satisfied, in such a discussion, for the distant noblemen and the young men before arriving in St. , besides the Academy, in the Land and Marine Cadet Corps, in the Engineering and Artillery in the open paths, altogether for the new noblemen, for the naval nobles, for those who are in the writing of a general reason for not being our acting chamberlain and cavalier Shuvalov, about falling asleep at the Mo Square University for voryan and rіznochintsіv, behind the butt of European Universities, every kind of people who are called by science cries out for science, and two homnasies, one for the nobles, one for the children of the age, besides the crowd of people. ..

About the ESTABLISHMENT OF THE RUSSIAN THEATER

Having ordered me to sleep in the Russian for the show of tragedy and comedy theater, for each of the Golovninsky kam'yaniy houses, on the Vasylivsky island, close to the Kadetsky booth.

And for this, it is punished to recruit actors and actresses: actors from the scientists of Yaroslavl and spokesmen in the Cadet Corps, who will be consumed before that, and for addition to them there are actors from non-serving people, as well as actresses, a decent number.

For the purpose of making the theater payable, by virtue of our decree, every hour, in the price of a penny sum of 5,000 rubles, when issued from the State Office, start on the cob by sending a letter to our decree. To supervise the booth, you should start with the cops of the life-company Oleksiy Dyakonov, who were hired as an army subordinate with a payment for a sum of 250 rubles for the theater. Visnachiti in nіm booths, de zasnovy theater, decent guard.

The directorate of that Russian theater will entrust the brigade leader Oleksandr Sumarokov with us, who from this team will pay 1000 rubles for each brigade leader ... the court was given a register.