Preparation before the creation of biology. Please prepare well for the lesson in biology. Vegetative and generative organs

THEORETICAL MATERIAL

Biology as a science. METHODS OF BIOLOGY

Biology - the science of life, its patterns and forms, about its existence and expansion in time and space. Here follows the path of life and its essence, developments, interconnections and diversity. Biology is related to natural sciences.

The first use of the term “biology” was by the German professor of anatomy T. Ruz in 1779. However, we were adopted in 1802, after the French naturalist J.-B. Lamarck.

Modern biology is a complex science that consists of low-independent scientific disciplines with their own research objects.

BIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINES

Botany- science about roslini,

Zoology- science about creatures,

Mycology- about mushrooms,

Virology- about viruses,

Microbiology- About bacteria.

Anatomy- The science that studies the internal life of organisms (other organs, tissues). The anatomy of roslins is similar to Budov’s roslin, the anatomy of creatures is similar to Budov’s creatures.

Morphology- the science that studies the external life of organisms

Physiology- Science that studies the processes of vitality of the body, the functions of other organs.

Hygiene- the science of preserving and improving human health.

Cytology- science about clitina.

Histology- the science of textiles.

Taxonomy- Science about the classification of living organisms. Classification - division of organisms into groups (species, genus, family, etc.) based on the characteristics of life, behavior, development and others.

Paleontology- The science that preserves the fossilized remains (crumbs, rocks, etc.) of organisms.

Embryology- the science that studies the individual (germinal) development of organisms.

Ecology- the science that interacts with each other and between organisms.

Etology- The science of animal behavior.

Genetics- the science of the patterns of slackness and lightness.

Selection- science about the development of new and expanded varieties of domestic animals, varieties of cultivated plants and strains of bacteria and fungi.

Evolutionary anniversary- follows the nutritional and laws of the historical development of life on Earth.

Anthropology- the science of viniknennya and the development of people.

Climatic engineering- Directly the science that deals with the extraction of hybrid cells. This may include the hybridization of cancer cells and lymphocytes, the synthesis of protoplasts of different plant cells, as well as cloning.

Genetic engineering- Straightforward science that deals with the extraction of hybrid DNA or RNA molecules. Just as cell engineering works on the cell level, gene engineering works on the molecular level. Sometimes people “transplant” the genes of one organism into another. One of the results of genetic engineering is the elimination of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Bionics- Directly from science, which is engaged in the search for the possibilities of stagnation of the principles of organization, power and structures of living nature in technical devices.

Biotechnology- a discipline that recognizes the capabilities of natural organisms and biological processes to remove speech that is necessary for people. In biotechnological processes, bacteria and fungi are produced.

ZAGAL METHODS OF BIOLOGY

A method is a way of understanding action.

1. Careful description.

2. Vimiryuvannya

3. Cleaning

4. Experiment and proof

5. Modeling

6. Historical.

ETAPI of scientific research

Conducted be careful over an object or a phenomenon

based on the extracted data hangs hypothesis

be carried out scientifically experiment(With control evidence)

verified during the experiment, the hypothesis can be named
theory or else by law

THE POWER OF THE LIVING

Exchange of speech (metabolism) and flow of energy- the most important power of the living. All living organisms absorb the words they need from Dovkill and see in them the products of vitality.

Unity of chemical warehouse. Among the chemical elements in living organisms, the most important are carbon, sour, water and nitrogen. In addition, the most important sign of living organisms is the presence of organic substances: fats, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids.

Klitinna Budova. All organisms are made up of cells. Only viruses can be seen in the unclean bud, and the smell and stench reveal signs of the living, only having sunk into the host.

Subdivision- The ability of the body to react to external or internal influences.

Self-creation. All living organisms are created before reproduction, that is, the creation of similar ones. The creation of organisms follows the genetic program recorded in DNA molecules.

Spadness and brevity.

Spasmodicity is the power of organisms to transmit their signs to surfaces. Sadness will ensure the onset of life. Multiplicity – the ability of organisms to acquire new signs during the process of their development. The recession is an important official of evolution.

Growth and development.

Growth – rapid changes (for example, increased weight).

Development - clear changes (for example, the formation of organ systems, color and fruiting).

Self-regulation - The quality of organisms supports the strength of their chemical composition and life processes. homeostasis.

Adoption (adaptation)

Rhythm - periodic changes in the intensity of physiological functions due to different periods of vibration (additional, seasonal rhythms). (For example, photoperiodism is the body’s reaction to the end of a light day).

Levels of life organization

Number Rivnya	Name	Chim of representations
	Biosphere	Totality of existing ecosystems planeti
	Ecosystem (Biogeocenotic)	Population system of various species seeing their mutual connection with each other and with the extra core	Savannah, tundra
	Population- Vividius	Total population, confirm you see	Vedmedi white, blue whales
	Organismic	The body as a whole system	Bacteria, mavpa
	Klitinny	Klitina and its structural components	Red blood cells, mitochondria, chloroplasts
	Molecular	Organic and inorganic speeches	Proteins, carbohydrates; Water, salts

Test work in ODE format

How does science determine the varietal diversity of plants?

1) physiology 2) taxonomy 3) ecology 4) selection

2. You can ask for help if you need light to add starch to the leaf

1) inventory of the organs of plants 2) leveling of plants in various natural areas

3) care for plant growth 4) experiments with photosynthesis

3. In which biological species has the climatic theory been developed?

1) virology 2) cytology 3) anatomy 4) embryology

4. For the subsection of cell organoids, you will choose a method for thickening

1) careful 2) chromatography 3) centrifugation 4) evaporation

5. The photograph shows a model of a DNA fragment. What method allows us to create such a trivial image of a molecule?

1) classification 2) experiment 3) caution 4) modeling

6. The photograph shows a spherical DNA fragment. What method allows us to create such a trivial image of a molecule?

classification 2) experiment 3) caution 4) modeling

7. The emphasis on any scientific method illustrates the plot of the painting by the Dutch artist J. Steen “Pulse”, written in the middle of the 17th century?

1) modeling 2) vimir 3) experiment 4) caution

8. Read the graph that shows the process of growth and development of komakha.

Significant the day of the komakha on the 30th day of development.

1) 3,4 2) 2,8 3) 2,5 4) 2,0

9. Which of these scientists is considered the creator of the evolutionary vision?

1) I.I. Mechnikov 2) L. Pasteur 3) C. Darwin 4) I.P. Pavlova

10. How does science determine the variety of roses?

1) physiology 2) taxonomy 3) ecology 4) selection

11. Select a couple of creatures, in experiments with which the main insights into the physiology of creatures and people were revealed.

1) horse and cow 2) bjola and snowstorm 3) dog and toad 4) lizard and blue

12. In which branch of biology was the climatic theory developed?

1) virology 2) cytology 3) anatomy 4) embryology

13. You can accurately place the rhubarb in the water by adding it to the growing plant using the method

1) experiment 2) modeling 3) analysis 4) caution

14. The butt of the experimental method of follow-up is

1) description of the new growth organism

2) alignment of two micropreparations with different tissues

3) improve a person’s pulse before and after exercise

4) formulation of the position based on the facts

15. A microbiologist wants to find out how quickly one type of bacteria multiplies in different living environments. Take two flasks, fill them halfway with different living media and place approximately the same number of bacteria. Skin samples were taken from 20 patients and a number of bacteria were collected from them. Data from your investigation is shown in the table.

Read the table “Change in the speed of bacterial growth in one hour” and give feedback on the power supply.

Change in the speed of bacterial reproduction in one hour

Hour after introducing bacteria into culture, xv.	Number of bacteria in flask 1	Number of bacteria in flask 2

1) How many bacteria were placed in the skin flask on the cob of the experiment?

2) How did the speed of bacterial growth change during the experiment in a skin flask?

3) How can you explain the results?

Literature

Kamyansky A.A., Kriksunov E.A., Pasichnik V.V. Biology Zagalna biology 9th grade: beginning. for backlighting installation. M: Bustard, 2013.

Zaits R.G., Rachkovska I.V., Butilovsky V.E., Davidov V.V. Biology for applicants: nutrition, tests, tests, assignments. - Minsk: Unipres, 2011.-768 p.

"Virishu ODE": biology. Navchalna system of Dmitry Gushchin [Electronic resource] - URL: http:// oge.sdamgia.ru

ODE from biology should not be entered until the summer season, but you should choose to study often. According to the assessments of the experts, most of the last few studies on this subject are completely successful, and the subject has gained the reputation of being incredibly easy. Also, a number of 9th grade graduates plan to enter medical schools. Biology is taken and when entering the 10th grade with a singing lesson.At the stage of 9th grade, there is not enough material covered, but there is enough available for understanding and mastery.

In 2018, the minimum limit value was 13 points - in other words, in order to reduce the minimum score, you need to cancel the 13th task. Maximum – 32 points for the “excellent” rating.
The structure of the experiment from biology predicts other experiences:

The first part is to verify the current literature with factual data, laws, and terms. During the initial test tasks, it is necessary to know the correct answer from the test results, set the test results, and the sequence - the test lines are displayed in the test report form.
The other part is a whole series of instructions that are generated by the ignited species. It is necessary to define the assigned task and report the progress of the renovations.

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Studying the material without the help of tutors and the approval of readers may not be a very low priority, but is associated with difficult folds. See a tutor as much as possible if:

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Don't forget to repeat. It is best to repeat the material of the day - 6 years after the wedding and the coming day. Repeat and guess the key facts, and you won’t forget them until the day you sleep.

Study in a calm, quiet environment, do not get distracted by any homework, concentrate.

How to prepare for ODE on your own: what materials are needed?

First of all, tell us about the match and stock up on all the necessary materials you have.

It’s not a good idea to immediately go to the library and ask for help in the past, they are unlikely to help you. On the right is that the material is laid out with a variety of explanations, on the basis of the teachings of the time. Until then, the ODE program is rapidly changing, and some topics are being skipped. With your helpers, you will have to read and repeat everything afterward, and find out those that may not be useful at all.

Special training aides will become an excellent alternative to assistants. The material is laid out in detail, in fact, the basic concepts, formulas, dates, rules and other key information are visible. Often the text is accompanied by tables, diagrams, diagrams and other graphical warehouses to simplify the process of systematization and storage of records.

In addition to the textbooks and collections with the theoretical part, you will need materials for practice. We will not at all need to practice completing tests and assignments, writing in writing and writing, so that we can overcome such types of assignments that we will be stuck with during the testing hour.

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The adviser will include all the theoretical material from the biology course and test assignments necessary for the preparation of 9th grade graduates of ambient lighting installations before the State certification (ODE).
Theoretical material is presented in a short and accessible form. The skin section is accompanied by butts of test tasks, which correspond to the ODE format. Please give further information about the types of examination work and the level of their complexity. For example, the attendant has received confirmation for the task.
The assistant can be used by students for preparation before ODE and self-control, and by teachers - for preparation of students of basic school before secondary certification in biology.
The book is addressed to schoolchildren, teachers and methodologists.

The main authorities and equal organizations of living nature.
Nature is the entire material world in every variety of forms. The unity of nature is manifested in the objectivity of its nature, the consistency of the elemental composition, the orderliness of the physical laws themselves, and in the systematic nature of the organization. Various natural systems, both living and non-living, interact and interact with each other. The application of systemic interaction of the biosphere.

Biology is a complex of sciences that examines the patterns of development and vitality of living systems, the reasons for their diversity and consistency to the extreme, interactions with other living systems and objects of inanimate nature.

Publication date: 06/19/2018 07:13 UTC