Presentation on the theme of the commanders of the Seven World War. Presentation from Russia on the topic: "Seventh War". Russia's entry into the military affairs
Slide 1
Guess the main principles of the modern policy of Ukraine and Russia in 1725-1762.
TURECHINA: Russia turned Azov; but could not reach the exit to the Black Sea.
SWEDEN: saving the conquest of Peter I from the Baltic states; annexed part of the territory of Finland.
POLAND: failed to annex Ukrainian and Belarusian lands.
KAZAKHS: accepted by the Young and Middle Kazakh zhuzes (unified tribes) of Russian citizenship.
Slide 2
SEMIRICHNA WIYNA
Frederick II at the hour of the Sevenfold War. Artist O. Menzel. Mid-nineteenth century.
(1756-1763)
Ulyeva O.V., reader of history and prosperity, DBOU ZOSH No. 1353. Moscow. Zelenogradske AT.
UNIVERSAL PLAN FOR THE TOPICS: CAUSES AND NATURE OF THE WAR: the main problems that led to the war; preparation before war, strengthening of forces; side plans HID WINNING (main stages): leading to harvesting and the beginning; main stages and main battles; The end of the war, wash the world, pouches. SIGNIFICANCE OF VIYNI. Economic, social, political and other legacies of the war.
Slide 3
RENOVATION OF THE ALLIANCE
The diplomatic revolution (or the upheaval of alliances) is the rupture of the old diplomatic ties that for many decades linked France with Prussia, and England with Austria, and the creation of the new Anglo-Prussian and Austro-French. It signified the balance of power in Europe ahead of the Seven World War.
PRUSIA – A NEW GRAVE IN EUROPEAN POLITICS
REASONS FOR THE WAR FOR RUSSIA: the strengthening of the influx of Prussia threatens to destroy the balance of forces that has accumulated in Europe, not to the benefit of Russia; Russia will not save its conquest from the Baltic States from Prussia.
Slide 4
MUTT DIYOVI INDIVIDUALS
Russian Empress Elizaveta Petrivna. Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. French King Louis XV and Marquise de Pompadour.
Prussian King Frederick II. English King George II.
1
2
3
1
2
"THREE WOMEN'S SPLIT"
Slide 5
BLUE - Anglo-Prussian coalition (Prussia, Great Britain, Portugal with allies) GREEN - Anti-Prussian coalition (France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden with allies)
PARTICIPANTS OF THE SEVENTH VIYNA
REASONS FOR THE WAR: the struggle for hegemony in Central and Western Europe; the struggle for colonies between Great Britain and France.
Slide 6
HID VINNY HID VINNY
1757 Russian victory at Gross-Jägersdorf.
1758 Defeat of Prussia at Zorndorf. Decree of Elizabeth Petrivna on the annexation of Prussia to Russia.
1759 The defeat of Frederick II at Kunersdorf.
1760 Russian troops invaded Berlin.
1761 Capture of the Kolberg fort by the Russians. There was a threat of a new defeat of Prussia.
1761 Death of Elizabeth Petrivna. The confinement of Peter III. Russia's exit from the war. Petersburg world (1762).
Slide 7
COMMANDERS OF THE SEVEN VINEY
Apraksin Stepan Fedorovich. Having defeated the Prussian army at Gross-Jägersdorf.
Fermor Willim Villimovich. Under his command, the Russian army occupied the whole of Western Prussia.
Saltikov Petro Semenovich. Having defeated the Prussian army for Kunersdorf.
Slide 8
The Berlin Expedition of 1760 was a military operation in which the Russian-Austrian troops sank Berlin.
BERLIN EXPEDITION
HOW THE RUSSIANS TOOK BERLIN: the Prussian capital was not short of walls and walls, it was captured by a garrison of 1200 people and could not support it; As such a battle happened, the commandant of Berlin gave the place to von Totleben, fearing his ruin; Russian-Austrian occupation of Berlin lasted 4 days; The allies deprived Berlin of the news of the approach of Frederick II with the main forces of the Prussians.
They took Berlin: Gottlob Kurt Heinrich von Totleben (Russia); Zakhar Grigorovich Chernishov (Russia); Franz Moritz von Lassi (Austria).
1
2
3
Slide 9
Petro III Fedorovich (1761-1762) Karl-Petro Ulrich. Coronation portrait. Artist L. K. Pfantselt.
How can the Russian marriage not appreciate the St. Petersburg world?
PETERSBURG CITY (1762 r_k)
Prussia will return to Russia's buried territory free of charge (under the name of Shedna Prussia); Russia and Prussia are drawing up an allied treaty on friendship and mutual assistance (to be annulled by Catherine II). The agreement harmonized the foreign policy of Russia with the interests of Prussia (in secret articles, Russia promised to support Prussia, including the Russian Empire)
“THE MIRACLE OF BRANDENBURG BUDINKU”
Slide 10
The policy of Peter III caused a storm in the marriage, suppressed the decline of his popularity and, finally, his fall. On the right, it was not in Peter’s worship before Frederick, Frederick was spluttered by this and then a lot of people, but in the fact that he sacrificed his special feeling for bringing the interests of the country, which would be the calls of the Keruvati.
WAR BAGS FOR RUSSIA: at the cost of great efforts and human sacrifices, Russia maintained the status of a great power; the territorial annexes of Peter I were preserved; a change of mind was made and attempts to gain a foothold in the Black Sea were continued.
ALE ІSNUЄ AND ANOTHER ASSESSMENT OF THE ST. PETERSBURG WORLD: The Seven World War was far from the interests of Russia. Its quick ending spoke not only about the sympathies of Peter III to the Prussian king, but also about his healthy heart. Russia did not want to shed blood for the interests of other powers, especially Austria.
Which thought seems more overwhelming to you?
Slide 11
Kant’s treatise “Until Light Everlasting” was the first attempt to unite Europe after the Seven World War.
Kant's project focuses not only on the rise of local conflicts, but on the establishment of a social world on a planetary scale; in order to establish peace on the planet, Kant recommends turning to right (law); Kant's world is based on the idea of the rights of people and citizens, as well as on the idea of international law, which is cherished by all powers; Conflicts between powers resolve through international terrorism and international justice.
Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804), German philosopher, founder of German classical philosophy.
In the TREATISE “UNTIL THE ETERNAL LIGHT” (1795), Immanuel Kant lays out his model of the world between various powers:
Slide 12
Musketeer with the regimental artillery teams of the Farmer's division. 1760 r. Drummer of the army infantry. 1756 r. "Mislyvets" light battalions of Second Major Miller in summer uniform. 1761 r_k. Private and officer of the Army Grenadier Regiment. 1759 r. Staff officer of the Infantry. 1756 r. Dragoons of the farmer's division. 1759 r.
RUSSIAN VARMA HOURS IN THE SEVEN WAR
Slide 13
FOR THOSE WHO WANT TO KNOW MORE:
http://www.litmir.net/bd/?b=133023 - here you will find A. Konstam’s book “The Russian Army in the Seven World War. Infantry”
PID PREPARATION OF PRESENTATIONS VIKORISTAN MATERIALS: Sakharov O.M.. Bokhanov O.M. History of Russia. XVII-XIX centuries Part 2: Toolkit for 10th grade dim lighting installations. M.: TOV "TID" Russian Word - RS", 2006. Aleksiev S.I., Mazurov B.F. History of Russia from recent times in diagrams and tables: 10-11 grades: M.: Ventana-Graf, 2013. Kirilov V.V. The history of Vietnam in diagrams and tables. M: Eksmo, 2012. Danilov A.A., Kosulina L.G. History of Russia: end of the XVI-XVIII centuries: beginning. for 7th grade zagalnosvit. installation M. Osvita, 2009. Danilov A.A. History. Russia XVII-XVIII centuries. 7th grade M. Osvita, 2011. (Academic school guide. Spheres) http://school-collection.edu.ru http://ua.wikipedia.org
http://www.civisbook..pdf - here you can read I. Kant’s treatise “Until the World of Eternity”
The Seventh War In the middle of the 18th century. International news in Europe
developed under the sign of the struggle for respect between
France and the Austrian Empire.
Russia's foreign policy was based on an alliance with
maritime powers (England and Holland) and Austria.
Russia's enemies were France and Prussia.
Ale on the cob of the 1750s. the increase in Prussia's aggressiveness became alarming
Austria will be encouraged from the war with France and the direction from
nіy anti-Prussian alliance. England, linked to
The support of the French forces in the colonies supported
Prussia.
Laying down the Anglo-Prussian Treaty at St. Petersburg
regarded as a devil's pie, which led to a rift
Russia and England formed an alliance with France.
The Russian-French-Austrian alliance opposed the Anglo-Prussian one. U 1756 r. Russia entered the war against Prussia.
France
Spain
Saxony
Sweden
France
Zagostrennya
geopolitical
wipe between
two coalitions
European powers
Fight for the colonies
Great Britain
Prussia
Austria
Roseriv
diplomatic
from Austria
Prussia
Acknowledgment of Russia
to Austro-French
union (1756)
Prussia
Great Britain
Portugal
For hegemony
Central
Converging Europe
In opposition
Anglo-Prussian
agreement Austrian French King
empress
Louis XV
Maria Theresa
Russian
empress
Elizaveta Petrivna
Anti-fighting coalitions
Europe has 1,756 rubles.
Prussian king
Frederick II
English king
George II
Goals of powers in the Seven World War
Great Britain: buried by the French colonyAmerica and the establishment of permanent panic on
seas.
France: the demise of maintaining its colonies in
America and will not allow the strengthening of Prussia, and also
appropriation
Hannover - recession
Volodynia by the English king.
Prussia: annexation of Saxony and reorganization
Poland.
Austria: the struggle with Prussia for the influx of
Central Europe.
Russia: expansion of its influx is coming.
Sweden:
buried
Prussian
Pomerania.
Seven War
Russian Chief Commanderappointed 54th Field Marshal
S.F. Apraksin, Petrovsky's son
admiral.
The army set out from Riga near Travna in 1757.
і
destroyed
through
Polish
at Shidnu Prussia.
The army collapsed completely, because behind her
following the majestic convoy. Tilki in
special convoy Apraksin was 250
carts that carried supplies, furniture
and 150 servants.
Chief Commander
Russian army
RUB 1,757
Stepan Fedorovich
Apraksin
Seven War
19 serpnya 1757 r. - beatfrom the village of Gross-Jägersdorf.
Army of Apraksin (55 thousand.
Lyudina) attacked the 28,000-strong Prussian army
Field Marshal G. Lewald.
Prussian cinema and hunting
attacked
Russians,
What were there on the march?
in order.
Police
general
V.A.
Lopukhin was not screened
attacks began to arrive.
The situation was twisted by P.O. Rumyantsev: he broke through with his brigade
through
forest,
hitting
to the Prussians
in
wing
And having worried them, come in.
The battlefield was lost to the Russians, which meant victory.
Seven War
Russian offensive in 1757-1761Afterwards
win
under
Gross-Jägersdorf
Apraksin not only not
organizing
re-examination,
ale
і
got excited
view
take
Koenigsberg.
Oburena
inactivity
field marshal
Elizabeth
took revenge on him.
According to one version, Apraksin predicted the death of a seriously ill Swede
Elizabeth and wanting to curry favor with her descendant Peter III,
who adored Frederick II.
According to another version, before the Field Marshal’s accession, the great people worried
spend it.
Seven War
Becoming the new Russian commander-in-chiefGeneral V.V. Fermor.
Sichen 1758 rub. – taken by the Russians
troops of Koenigsberg, annexed
territories of Converging Prussia to Russia.
However, Frederick II was still in the year 1757
having crushed
French
at
Rosbach
і
Austrians
at
Leithene.
Vlitku 1758 rub. Fermor's army
collapsed to Berlin. Having learned about it,
Frederick II hastened to the occasion
Russian troops.
Chief General Villim
Fermor.
Artist O.P. Antropiv
Seven War
Serpen 1758 rub. - beatfrom the village of Zorndorf,
battle
ended
practically no matter, offend
the sides suffered great
spend it.
"Battle of Zorndorf"
artist A. Kotzebue, 1852
It's over
access
Russians
military to Landsberg, and
then for the Vistula, Prussians
- To Kustrin.
Seven War
Chief GeneralPetro Semenovich
Saltykiv
For the start of the campaign 1759 rub.
army
zmіtsnіla,
idiot
significant combat evidence.
New
commander-in-chief
buv
assignments
general
P.S. Saltykiv.
Under yogo kerivnitstvo vejska
demolished to Silesia, so that
join the Austrians.
Bilya village Paltsig near Oder
40 thousand
army
Saltikova
smashed
27 thousandth
army
Prussian General Wedel.
21 Lipnya Saltikov got together
From the 19,000-strong Austrian army.
Seven War
"By all appearances, I believe inthose who have spent everything. Death
my
Vitchizny
I
Not
I’ll survive.”
"Battle of Kunersdorf"
Artist A. E. Kotzebue, 1848
Serpen 1759 rub. - Kunersdorfske
bіy; defeat of the Prussian
the army of Frederick II with Russian-Austrian troops.
Frederick II - King of Prussia
(1740-1786)
Seven War
After the victory at Kunersdorf, the Allieslost the remaining blow, take
Berlin, the road to which was clear, and thus
push Prussia to capitulation, protest
they were not allowed to have differences in their country
I will be able to defeat the victorious people and end the war.
In response to the attack on Berlin, the stinks took their
viyska get, calling one of one at the destroyed
allied crops'yazan. Frederick himself called
its
unsatisfied
little joke
"a marvel
Brandenburg House."
Seven War
1760 - captured by the Russian armyBerlin.
Drive
Russians
generals
Totlebena and Z.G. Chernishova
raptovim
blow
buried
Berlin and they knew of its defeat.
Breast 1761 r. - victory of the Russians
military at the Kolberg fortress on
Baltic.
Regulations of Frederick II
became
hopeless.
Russia at the beginning of the war
an additional role was introduced,
voiced
about
namir
annex Prussia,
paid for 1758 rub.
“Taking the Kolberg Fort.”
Artist A. Kotzebue. 1852 rub.
Field Marshal General
Zakhar Grigorovich Chernishov
Seven War
Prote 25 breast 1761 rub. diedElizaveta Petrivna to the throne
entering the adoring Frederick II
Petro III.
Kviten 1762 rub. - Peterburzky
peace treaty between Russia and
Prussia.
Russia left Semirichna
The war voluntarily turned
Prussian territory will be occupied
Russians
military,
including
Skhidnu
Prussia
h
Koenigsberg.
Frederick II was given
building under the supervision of Z. G. Chernishov
for the war against the Austrians,
recent allies of Russia.
Lishe
tumbled
Petra
III
was lost in such an outburst.
"I will never stop
mourn Peter III. Vin
buv
my
friend
і
a warrior. Without anyone I
Mav bi prograti.”
Frederick II under the hour
Seven War
Seven War
Peter IIISeven War
The policy of Peter III caused a storm of
Russian
marriage,
hid
the decline of his popularity is over
results, yogo fall.
On the right was not in Peter's shrine in front of Frederick,
Frederick was spluttered then and then a lot, but in that,
that at the sacrifice of his special feeling he brought interests
edge, like the call of the Keruvati.
Peter III fell from power and never died.
Catherine II, who destroyed her, tore up the alliance treaty with
Prussia and Chernishov's corps called for war again
voiced, confirming the world, respect for the man.
Pouches of the Seventh War
Soldier's widowPouches of the Seventh War
During the Seven World War, the Russian army gained more
great testimony. She herself became the leading force
anti-Prussian coalition, but Russia did not give in
He was able to vikorist the fruits of the Viyskovs.
War
ended
I'll overcome
Anglo-Prussian
coalition. After Russia emerged from the war
allies of the fierce 1863 r. also confused
make peace with Prussia, as it preserved its
conquest
Prussia's ally, England, was left in ruins
order of the French colonies, zokrema. Canada.
Presentation with slides
Slide text: The Seventh War 1756-1763
Text to the slide: In the mid-50s, Europe formed 2 coalitions: 1. Prussia and England. 2. Austria, Russia, Saxony. The Prussian king Frederick the Great started the war. The Russian army began active operations in 1757, occupying a number of places in Western Prussia. Frederick the Great.
Slide text:
Text to the slide: He fought on September 19, 1757 near the village of Gross-Jägersdorf near Skhidnaya Prussia between 28 thousand. Prussians under the command of Field Marshal Lewald and 55 thousand. Russians under the command of Field Marshal Z. F. Apraksin. It was the first great battle involving the Russian army in the Seven World War. Regardless of the victory of the Russian army, no matter what the cost, the army could not, through Apraksin’s decision, emerge after the battle. Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
Text to the slide: When the right flank begins to advance, and is already in the forest itself, the left flank of the Prussian infantry raptly commands the attack, Major General P. A. Rumyantsev with a large number of fresh police. This blow, commanded by Rumyantsev with a powerful initiative, is the result of the battle. There is a mix-up in the ranks of the first echelon of Prussians, which is passed on to the other echelon. Startled, the Prussian battalions begin to withdraw. At this moment, in the stray battle, part of them is lost under the convoy of their other train, and the exit turns into a panicked flow. The left flank of the Prussians, which is covered by Schorlemer's cavalry, is in good order. It takes a long time to collect Rasht. The Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf lasted for five years, the Prussian side lost 4.5 thousand people, the Russians - 5.7 thousand, of which 1,487 were killed.
Slide text: Stepan Apraksin Stepan Fedorovich Apraksin - Russian field marshal general, who commanded the Russian army at Gross-Jägersdorf. The commander was captured from prison as a result of the invasion of Prussia after the victory at Gross-Jägersdorf and put on trial.
Slide text:
Slide text: Chief General Willim Villimovich Fermor has become the new commander-in-chief of the Russians. At the beginning of 1758, they occupied, without gaining a foothold, the whole of Western Prussia, including its capital, the city of Königsberg, and then directly at the bay of Brandenburg. Thorishly the sickle of wines besieged Küstrin - the key fortress route to Berlin. Frederick negaily destroying your nazustrich. He fought on the 14th sickle of the village of Zorndorf and witnessed terrible bloodshed. Willim Fermo r
Text to the slide: The Russians had 42,000 soldiers in the army with 240 harmats, and Frederick had 33,000 soldiers with 116 harmats. The battle revealed a number of great problems for the Russian army - a lack of cooperation among other parts, weak moral preparation of the observation corps, it was said, put the competence of the commander-in-chief in doubt. At the critical moment of the battle, Fermor, having deprived the army, did not follow the course of the battle at all times and showed up before the end. Clausewitz called the later Battle of Zorndorff the founding battle of the Seven World War, bearing in mind its chaotic, unrecorded course. Battle of Zorndorf
Slide No. 10
Slide text: Russian rifle - a copy of the Austrian infantry rifle, 1754 rub. The triggers that were produced in Russia differed from the Austrian prototype with a heavier trigger mechanism and steel fittings. Example from the collection of the State Historical Museum, Moscow. The sergeants were given halberds, and the non-commissioned officers were given halberds when looking around. The order for a living army, issued by Fermor in 1757, established the permanent duty of non-commissioned officers during combat operations. І halberds, and pierced 190-centimeter wooden holders, coated with black porcelain and with a copper inflow. The blades of the polearms were slimy; the blades of the protazans were decorated with copper applied monograms. On the shoulders of the non-commissioned officers of the guard were St. Andrew's ridges, topped with a crown and trimmed with a laurel wreath. On several prints from the collection of the State Historical Museum, monographs of Empress Elizabeth bear the latest completed letters, which confirm the ownership of the polearms to the Guards regiments and Lei b-campaigns: money was deposited for ceremonial services at St. Petersburg.
Slide No. 11
Slide text: Russian Protazan, 1730-1750. During the period after the death of Peter the Great until the accession of Catherine II to the throne, a number of variants of the tips of this polearm were adopted and limited. This was made from polished steel and was manufactured in the cadet corps. It is kept at the Zbroyovo Chamber of the Kremlin. During the period of Menich's campaign against the Turks, the rules of the victorious pikeners returned to the old rules. The leather infantry regiment took away two hundred pikes for additional protection against enemy cavalry; This reserve was kept by the regimental convoys. Koli 1737 r. The Turks tried to recapture Azov, and the pikes stood in a standstill while defending the walls of the fort. It was understood that the peaks are a single structure, designed to withstand Turkish patterns. There is no evidence that the piks stagnated during the European campaigns, but the list of armored forces in the arsenal of the Russian army in Rizi shows 36 ligaments out of 25 piks. It is possible that in response to the Turkish attack in Azov, the pikes were deprived of the fort that had been prepared for protection.
Slide No. 12
Text to the slide: Both sides fought to the point of exhaustion and suffered great losses. Rosіyska Army was embedded 16,000 Cholovik, Prussians 11,000. Opponents spent half a battle, the coming day of Frіdrih, swearing closely by the Divi Rumyantsev, roding his Army and Vidviv ї to Saxon. The Russian armies reached the Vistula. General Palmbach, Fermor sent a message to his brothers in the Kolberg region, having stood for a long time under the walls of the fort without having achieved anything. 14 years ago, the Austrians, who were active in New Saxony, were able to defeat Frederick under Hochkirch, however, without any special inheritance. Having survived the battle, the Austrian commander led his army back to Bohemia.
Slide No. 13
Text to the slide: 8 May 1759 The fate of the head commander of the Russian army, which was at that time located near Poznan, replaced V.V. Fermor, and was not subject to the appointment of General-in-Chief P.S. Saltikov. On June 7, 1759, a 40,000-strong Russian army set out to approach the Oder River, right next to the town of Krosen, with the potential intention of uniting with the Austrian troops there. The debut of the new commander-in-chief was in the distance: 23 years ago at the Battle of Paltsig (Kai) after defeating the twenty-eight-strong corps of the Prussian General Wedel. On September 3, 1759, the allies met near Frankfurt-on-Oder, three days before they were occupied by Russian troops. At this time, the Prussian king with an army of 48,000 people, which is less than 200 harmats, rushed on the alert of the enemy from today. On the 10th of September, we crossed to the right bank of the Oder River and took a position on the descent from the village of Kunersdorf. On September 12, 1759, the battle of the Seven World War - the Battle of Kunersdorf - was celebrated. Frederick was at the mercy of the defeat, with a 48,000-strong army, according to our knowledge, he did not lose 3 thousand soldiers. P. S. Saltikov 1759: Battle at Kunersdorf
Slide No. 14
Slide text: Complete defeat of the Prussian army. As a result of the victory, the road for the Allied attack on Berlin was opened. Prussia stumbled upon the threshold of disaster. “Everything has been spent, close the door and archives!” - Frederick II wrote in panic. No re-examination was organized. This allowed Frederick to withdraw troops and prepare for the defense of Berlin. As a result of the residual defeat, Prussia was deprived of the so-called “miracle of the Brandenburz house.” 1759: The defeat of the Prussians at Kunersdorf and the “miracle of the Brandenburg House” The miracle of the Brandenburg House - the intention of the Russian and Austrian armies to bring the Seven World War to a possible end after victory at Kunersdorf. Brandenburg Gate
Slide No. 15
Slide text: Benjamin West. "The Death of General Wolf." The picture also shows the Battle of Quebec. 1759: Battle of Quebec Time was already at war on the American continent. The French colonies stumbled under the threat. On June 13, 1759, near Quebec, on the so-called Plain of Abraham, a major battle broke out between the French and British armies. The French are 13,000 people versus 9,000 English. The English were better prepared and would have won. The French spent 1200 osib, the English - 650 osib. On the 18th of May the garrison of Quebec capitulated. The French troops advanced to Montreal. The English took the place of the advancing fate. This is how the French invaded Canada.
Slide No. 16
Slide text: 1760: Capture of Berlin 22nd spring before Berlin, the end of the Russian era under the command of General Totleben. There were at least three battalions of soldiers and a number of squadrons of cinematography at the place. After insufficient artillery preparation, Totleben stormed the capital of Prussia on the 23rd spring. The next night, the Russians escaped into the Gallic Gate, only to be defeated. The Prussian corps arrived early to Berlin alongside the Prince of Württemberg (14 thousand people). Ale one hour to Totleben naspiv and Chernishov building. Until the 27th of April, another 13,000-strong corps of Austrians arrived before the Russians. The same Prince of Württemberg left the place with his troops yesterday. On the 3rd anniversary of the 28th spring, before the Russians arrived from the city, parliamentarians were informed about the year for capitulation. Having stayed in the capital of Prussia for many days, Chernishov destroyed the coin door, the arsenal, destroyed the royal treasury and took an indemnity of 1.5 million talers from the municipal authorities. Just recently, the Russians lost their place at the news of the approach of the new Prussian army against King Frederick II.
Slide No. 17
Text to the slide: War notes after Russia On May 22, 1762, the first peace treaty between Prussia and France was signed, and on November 24, a truce between Prussia and Austria was signed. At the beginning of 1763, the Great War ended due to the constant emergence of warring sides. On 10 February, the Paris Peace Treaty was concluded between Great Britain and France. France ceded Canada, Louisiana, several islands of the Caribbean Sea, as well as the bulk of its colonies in India to England. The war ended French power in America, France lost most of its colonial assets, and Great Britain achieved the status of the dominant colonial power. France ceded Western Louisiana to Spain, Spain ceded Florida to England. On the 15th of 1763, Prussia signed the Treaty of Hubertusburg with Austria and Saxony, confirming Prussia's rights to Silesia and the county of Glatz. The war ended with the victory of the Anglo-Prussian coalition. Through the war, Prussia will remain part of the neighboring European powers. The process begins that will end at the end of the 19th century with the consolidation of German lands with Prussia.
Slide 2
Richard Knetel "The Battle of Krefeld".
Slide 3
One of the largest-scale conflicts of the New Hour. The Seven World War raged both in Europe and overseas: in Western America, the Caribbean, India, and the Philippines. All the great European powers of that time, as well as most of the middle and minor powers of Europe, and Indian tribes took part in the war. Winston Churchill called the war “the first World War.”
Slide 4
Unions of war
Slide 5
Participating countries
Blue: Anglo-Prussian coalition. Zeleny: anti-Prussian coalition.
Slide 6
Head fish
- Russian Empress Elizaveta Petrivna
- Austrian Empress Maria Theresa
- French King Louis XV
Slide 7
- Prussian King Frederick II
- English King George II
Slide 8
Causes of the war
In the mid-18th century, the European powers of England and France maintained colonial supremacy in Western America as the conflict ended. In 1756, war began between the two powers and in Europe. Naturally, the presence of such powerful powers would not interfere with the other flooding regions of Europe. After Frederick II came to rule in Prussia in 1740, this country began to lay claim to a leading role in European politics. Such a country would rightly pose a threat to the interests of Russia, as it would fear for its lost part of the territory. For the same reasons, Austria joined the anti-Prussian coalition from Russia. As a result of 1756, a defense alliance was created at Versailles between Austria and France, which, at the end of 1756, Russia joined.
Slide 9
Frederick the Other
Slide 10
Progress of the war
Having quickly found that the opponents of Prussia had not yet reached the height of their great forces, Frederick II, at the end of the sickle of 1756, invaded Saxony. On the 1st spring of 1756, Russia announced the Prussian war. The activities of the anti-Prussian coalition were unorganized. Frederick II decided to defeat the allies one by one. At the beginning of 1757, the Prussian army entered the territory of Austria. On the 6th of May, the Prussian troops attacked the rest and blocked them at Praza. On June 18, 1757, in the outskirts of the town of Kolin, the 34-thousand-strong Prussian army entered into battle with the army of Leopold Down, which outnumbered them. Frederick II lost his battle, having spent perhaps half of his troops, which made him reluctant to lift the blockade of Prague and advance to Saxony.
Count Leopold Down
Slide 11
French entry into the war
Marshal L. d'Estre
In the spring of 1757, France entered into doom. In China, a 70-thousand-strong French army under the command of Marshal L. d'Estre occupied Hesse-Kassel, defeated the thirty-thousand-strong Hanoverian army and occupied Hanover. II hanging their heads against it: 5 leaves fell on the outskirts of the village of Rosbach, the Prussian army, outnumbered twice, defeated the French, a month after the victory of the Prussians over the Austrian I mean.
Slide 12
Russia's entry into the military affairs
In 1757, Russia joined the fighting forces. A 65,000-strong army under the command of S.F. Apraksin arrived in Courland. The Field Marshal's statements were filled with confusion: S.F. Apraksin was guilty of either standing at the cordon, or attacking Frederick, or the brothers of the fortress, or not starting great operations. Therefore, the Field Marshal tried hard not to give in to the daily hard work. Cross the Prussian cordon Apraksin, having ventured out in the middle of the linden tree.
S.F.Apraskin
Slide 13
Actions of the Russian army and navy
Slide 14
Russia in the Seven World War
The military operations developed successfully for Russia, and after the 27th Serp in the military army, the decision to enter from the Converging Prussia was praised. Obviously, Apraksin was afraid that the ill Elizabeth would soon replace Peter III on the throne, considering his loyalty to Prussia and Frederick II. As a result, the military affairs of Russia turned out to be reckless, the Field Marshal was removed from prison by the commander-in-chief, sent to St. Petersburg and arrested.
Slide 15
The new commander of the former appointment is the English Chief General Willim Fermor. At the beginning of 1758, fate saw Konigsberg - the main fortification on the route to Berlin. Frederick II blatantly thrust his troops at the Russians. The battle took place on the 14th of September in the village of Zorndorf. The Russian army had 42,000 soldiers with 240 harmats, and Frederick had 33,000 soldiers and 116 harmats. At the critical moment of the battle, Fermor had deprived the army and the wine until the end. As a result, both parties recognized Zorndorf's great losses. The Prussian king gave the Russians the opportunity to remain invincible in a regular battle formation. In the future, Fermor showed inconsistency and avoided battles with the enemy army.
Slide 16
In 1759, Chief General P.S. Saltikov was appointed head commander of the Russian army. The 40,000-strong Russian army began its approach directly to the town of Krosen. Near Frankfurt-on-Oder, three days before it was occupied by Russian troops, the Russian army met with its allies in Austria. On September 12, 1759, the greatest victory of the Seven World War took place - the Battle of Kunersdorf, in which the Allied army was victorious. Frederick collected the troops that were lost and prepared for the defense of Berlin. Austria, which was afraid of the complete defeat of Prussia and the strengthening of Russia, encouraged the Russian army to attack Berlin.
Slide 17
By 1760, the size of the army of Frederick II was 120,000 people. The Russian and allied forces at that time numbered up to 220,000 soldiers. However, as in great fate, signs of disadvantage were given to the actions of the allied armies. Frederick II, 1 September 1760, transported his thirty-thousand-strong army across the Elbe and arrived in the Lignica region. Having deceived a strong enemy, Frederick II, after active maneuvers, hoped to break through to Brestlau. On the 15th sickle, the Austrians and Prussians began to invade the Lignitz area. As a result, both parties incurred great losses. On June 8, at the military council in Berlin, a decision was made to enter, and on June 9, 1760, the Russian corps under the command of Chernishov took the place.
Pouches of the Seven War
The costs of the Seven World War were enormous: in just one hour of the war, nearly 700 thousand civilians and 600 thousand soldiers died from different sides. Following the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Canada, Louisiana and most of the French territories in India were transferred to Great Britain. After the war, the territory of Prussia increased from 119 thousand to 195 thousand km. Russia voluntarily gave up the conquered territories to Prussia at the decree of Peter III, in addition, the inhabitants were paid a surplus.
Slide 21
I thank you for your respect.
Prepared by: Darina Denisyuk 10 “B”
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