Presentation on the history of Ivan 4. Presentation on the theme "Ivan the Terrible" - presentations on the history will captivate without harm. Lyceum chronicle crypt

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Rule of Ivan IV "GROZNY"

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Lesson meta:
Reveal the peculiarities of the historical behavior of Russia at the time of the reign of Ivan IV. Lesson: Reveal the changes in the main reforms of Ivan IV. The purposes of their implementation. Understand the reason for introducing the Definition Find out about the main direct foreign policies of Ivan IV. Please use the card, pictures, illustrations

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IVAN IV the Terrible (1530-84), Grand Duke of “Ussia Russia” (from 1533), the first Russian Tsar (from 1547), son of Vasily III. From the end of the 40s. ruled for Vibrano's sake. With the New Year, a call began for Zemsky Sobors, the composition of the Code of Laws of 1550. Reforms of administration and courts were carried out (Gubna, Zemsky and other reforms). In 1565 the oprichnina was introduced.
Ivan IV the Terrible

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Ivan IV the Terrible (1530-1584 r.) Tsar and Grand Duke of All Russia, eldest son of Grand Duke Vasily III Ioannovich and another lover with Princess Olena Vasilievna Glinskaya.
Ivan IV the Terrible

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After the death of father 3-year-old Ivan, he lost the care of his mother, who died in 1538, when he was 8 years old. Ivan rises in the context of the palace coups, the struggle for power among the warring boyar families of the Shuiskys and the Belskys. The killings, intrigues and violence that haunted him, hid their development in a new suspicion, vengeance and vexation. The skill of tormenting living things was evident in Ivan even in childhood, and his neighbors praised it. One of the strongest enemies of the Tsar in his youth was the “Great Fire” and the Moscow Uprising of 1547. After the killing of one of the Glinskys, a relative of the Tsar, the rebels appeared in the village of Vorobyovo, where the Grand Duke had gathered, and extorted the appearance of other Glinskys. I had a hard time trying to get away from each other, converting them, which Vorobyov doesn’t have. The trouble passed away, the tsar ordered that the leading convicts be arrested and stratified.
Childhood of Ivan IV
Batko Vasil III

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Zavdannya Sklasti portrait of Ivan IV

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Portrait of Ivan IV

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The Russian state at the time of the reforms of Vibran for the sake of Vibran is glad - glad of the “close boyars” for Ivan the Terrible from 1547 to the end of the 1550s.

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Vibrana is glad
“Vibrana Rada” is a term. introductions by Prince A. M. Kurbsky for the appointment of a stake in the Osib, which informally established the order for Ivan the Terrible in 1549-1560.

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Vibrano reform for the sake of

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EXTERNAL POLICY OF Ivan IV

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In 1550-1551, Ivan the Terrible took particular part in the Kazan campaigns. In 1552, the campaigns of the Crimean Tatars and Swedes were defeated, Kazan was conquered, then the Astrakhan Khanate (1556), in the 50s, the Siberian khan Ediger and Nogai Veliki were lost to the king. In 1553, after the voyage of Richard Chancellor, trade with England was established through the pier of St. Nicholas on the White Sea. Spring 1557 rub. Tsar Ivan set up a port on the birch of Narvi. 1558-1583 rocked the Livonian War.
Foreign policy of Russia for Ivan the Terrible

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Acquisition of Kazan
The building of Sviyazka - an ancient fort, built in 1551 by Tsar Ivan the Terrible for the taxation of Kazan - is a unique occurrence in the history of the Russian city. Previously, cuttings were made thousands of kilometers away, in the forests of central Russia, from collections, delivered on rafts along the Volga to the mouth of the Sviyaga River (25 km from Kazan) and from the beginning of collections here in just 4 years. In 1552, Ivan the Terrible conquered Kazan and added the Kazan Khanate to Russia. The Tatar population hangs between the town's settlement; Your violent Christianization begins.

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Taking Kazan.
Finally, part of the wall was destroyed, the Russian soldiers rushed into the opening and the second place was taken. For breastfeeding RUB 1,552 Before the Khanate, the insurrection burned down, but it was strangled, just as the pottery workers were massacred near Moscow. Ivan IV began to issue letters to the Volga peoples and soon the Bashkirs and Udmurts passed under the rule of Moscow.

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Acquisition of the Astrakhan Khanate
At the beginning of the 1550s, the Astrakhan Khanate was an ally of the Crimean Khan, controlling the lower reaches of the Volga. Before the residual order of the Astrakhan Khanate under Ivan IV, two campaigns took place: The campaign of 1554 troops under the command of the commander Yu. I. Pronsky-Shemyakin. Astrakhan was taken without a fight. As a result, Khan Dervish-Ali was brought to power, who supported Moscow. The march of 1556 was connected with the fact that Khan Dervish-Ali passed to the bay of the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire. After that, Astrakhan was retaken from Lipnya without a fight. As a result of this campaign, the Astrakhan Khanate was subordinated to Muscovite Russia.

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Trip to Astrakhan.
At 1551 r. Astrakhan Khan moved to the service of Moscow, ale in 1554 r. breaking the agreement. Chervnya has 1554 rubles. Russian troops advanced to Astrakhan without a fight. Tribute was imposed on the Khanate, and the right to appoint khans was taken away by I. Grozny. At 1555 rub. Astrakhan, under the grip of Crimea, again came under the rule of Moscow. At 1556 r. The Russian army reached the place and its inhabitants swore allegiance to the Russian state.

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Livonian War
Reasons: To win access to the Baltic Sea in order to build the minds for organizing trade with Europe. 2. Places of the Livonian Order, have all surpassed the development of Russian trade. The reason for the war was the non-payment of tribute by the Order for the place of Yuriev. After you see the Order, extinguish Borg I. Grozny at 1558 r. voicing your war.

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Annexation of the Siberian Khanate
Around 1581-1582, the Stroganov army fought for the Urals with a military expedition of Cossacks and military people from the area. Otaman Ermak Timofiyovich stood in whose paddock. After crossing the Ural Mountains, from the distance to Irtish, and near the capital of Kuchum - Kashlik - a major battle took place. Ermak increased from Kashlik and began to collect yasak (tribute) from Siberian residents. However, the victory of the Cossacks turned out to be German, having already perished in a few years. The campaign of his call to the complete annexation of Siberia, and the beginning of which was laid.
Yermak Timofiyovich

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OPRICHNINA
Mikhailo Gorelik. "The people ask Ivan IV to end the oprichnina"

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Purposes of the oprichnina

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During the period of the Definition of Grozny, there was a sharp increase in its power. However, this was achieved at a great price. The land was devastated by the guardsmen, the Livonian War, and the raids of the Tatars. Unrespectful at the official level, the oprichnina was concerned, mass strife was trivialized.
The devil is the oprichnik. Miniature 16 art.

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HOME CARE – BEHIND THE TERMS AND DATES
Data for memorization 1552 rub. - acquisition of Kazan 1556 rub. - annexation of Astrakhan 1558-1583 rubles. - Livonian War 1581-1584. - Cob of the acquisition of Siberia 1533-1584. - reign of Ivan IV the Terrible 1547 - crowning of Ivan the Terrible to the kingdom 1549-1560. – Vibran Rada, reform 1549 rub. – first Zemsky Sobor 1550 rub. – Code of Law of Ivan the Terrible 1551 r. – church cathedral, Stoglav 1565-1572. - oprichnina 1584-1598 r. - reign of Fyodor Ivanovich 1581 r. - installation of “sacred rocks” 1597 rub. - decree about “lessons” Terms for memorizing Boyarin - a person who took away the great rank of the Duma; be some patrimonial landowner; the ancient concept of Mr. Nobles - serving people who went to the warehouse of the Sovereign's courtyard. Vibran Rada is formally a non-power institution, in fact it is the order of Russia in 1549-1560. Stoglav - church cathedral 1551 r. Collection, which contains a description of the actions and resolutions of the cathedral. Divided into 100 sections, named here. Having established a single Godshane and rituals, church canons. Kanoni - the sacred rules of church life. Mandate is a central government body. “Sacred rocks” - the fence of the rural transition from land to land, from one ruler to another. Oprichnina - a political experiment of Ivan IV, the essence of which was the division of Russia on the territory - zemshchina and oprichnina (which meant the special rule of the tsar); The establishment of the oprichnina led to terrorism against the zemshchina.

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Presentation competition “Great People of Russia” “The power of mutual assistance among readers of Pedsovet.su”

Russian Tsar

Ivan IV Vasilovich

Kalinina Natalia Volodymyrivna,

reader of cob classes

MBOU ZOSH No. 29 Novosibirsk metro station

At the Moscow prince's Vasily III and Olenya Glinskaya the sickle of 1530 roku gave birth to long-lived sons - ich spadkojemets Ivan. When Ivanov had 3 fates, his father died, and his mother was taken away, who died in 1538, when he had 8 uneven fates.

Narodzhennya

Ivan became an orphan. His childhood was joyless. The boy was kidnapped by strangers, who were thinking not about him, but about how they would become rich and want power. From childhood vin bachiv zhorstoke relationship with people. Such a treatment, or rather not a treatment, has made Ivan anxious, twitchy and

Let's be suspicious.

"Divinity with the boyars."

Igor Savchenko.

In 1547 on the 16th day in the Moscow Kremlin in the Assumption Cathedral, Grand Duke Ivan IV ascended to the throne and became first tsar in Russia. From that time on, the land was ruled not by great princes, but by kings. Vlada crossed the slopes - from father to son. The young princess was 16 years old.

Symbols of power of the Russian kings:

orb, scepter, Monomakh's hat.

Crown wedding

Miniature from the Special Crypt.

For the hours of his reign,

first Russian Tsar Ivan IV Vasilyovich

happy life

brown for the state of affairs.

"Tsar Ivan the Terrible". Andriy Shishkin. 2009 r.

The Kazan Khanate was in charge of the great Skoda of Russia. The Kazan people constantly attacked, fired, drove in and took away. There were so many Russian britches that they were sold to similar merchants.

The Tsar praises the decision to want to go to Kazan. After the first two trips, they appeared not far away. Having realized the reasons for the failure, Ivan IV initiated the reorganization of the army.

Following the tsar's order, recruitment from the Streltsy army was announced. Sagittarius This was the name given to the service people who began to work steadily, initially they were recruited from the free rural and small population, then their service became full-time and recessionary. They took the payment of a penny, bread, and sometimes land. The Streltsy were allowed to engage in trade and crafts.

Creation of the regular army

Changes began to happen to the newlywed. Like hand-to-hand combat in the infantry troops, especially the Streltsy units, in the wake of wide expansion Birdish. But the main role was now played by the fire. Yak hand-in-hand with wildfire vikorists squeaked - Notes towels. The artillery burst from the right in front of a giant rock. They used guns of small calibers, weighing 150–300 kg, to fire cannonballs and buckshot. Ale Russian fahivtsi were able to produce a large quantity of several tons. Bula is famous for the record holder Tsar harmata, caliber 890 mm, which means 40 tons, as a leading master Andriy Chokhov.

Ivan IV destroyed the great army on Kazan and finally the sickle 1552 r. having laid over її. The Kazan people built a strong foundation. After the 38-day taxation, Kazan fell. At first, the Muscovite army conducted underground mines and fueled the enemy walls with gunpowder. The Kazan Khanate became part of the Moscow Empire. The order is calm at every border of the state; Russian troops were turned back from Kazan and were forced into Tatar captivity.

Taking Kazan

"Obloga of Kazan". Malyunok from Anglomovnogo Vidannya

The capture of Kazan by the Russian military led to the annexation of great territories to Moscow Middle Volga region, where the helpless peoples procrastinated: the Bashkirs, the Chuvash, the Tatars, the Udmurts, the Mari. The Russian population began to gradually populate the rich Volga lands. Agriculture began to flourish here. The local population adopted the impersonal, brown hospodar's habits from the settlers. There was a direct route beyond the Urals, through Vyatka and Kama.

At 1556 r. was annexed to the Moscow State Astrakhan, and the Volga stopped at the Volodians of Russia.

“Take Kazan.” Hoodie. O. Kivshenko.

In honor of the capture of Kazan, the victory over which was saved from the church holy Protection of the Mother of God, near Moscow, on the square in front of the Kremlin, the tsar ordered to Intercession Church. This everyday life took at least 5 years to replace European temples, which took hundreds of years to create. Current name – St. Basil's Cathedral- having been taken away from the family in 1588 after arriving at the new arrival in honor of this saint, fragments of his power were found at the site of the building of the church.

Having cultivated Kazan, the Russians came out to the cordons Siberian Khanate- the remaining trick is colossal Signoi Ordi.

Ivan the Terrible having granted a declaration on the development of these lands to rich merchants Stroganov, who owned the salt factories and the great territory along the Kama River. Prote from the beginning of the 70s. XVI century Volodinya

Stroganov began to succumb to the raids of the pens of the Siberian Khan

Kuchuma. As a result of animal Stroganov to the king, Ivan the Terrible

allowing them to recruit strong

Cossacks to protect their settlements from the Tatars. At 1582 r. here appears the rounding up of the Cossacks from the Volga, Yaik, Don and Terek under the command of the otaman Ermak. The salt producers settled their hunt and went on a campaign for Ural.

Subrooted to Siberia

"Yermak". Mikola Ovechkin. 1988 r.

“Rooting of Siberia by Ermak.” Painting by V. Surikov, 1895

First victories Ermak led to the collapse of the Siberian Khanate, and the Cossacks began to rule in the occupied territory of the Russian Tsar, swearing in the allegiance of the local population.

In the XVI century The Crimean Tatars regularly launched raids on Muscovy. Places and villages were set on fire, the population was forced into captivity. At the same time, the number of full-fledged villagers and townspeople greatly outweighed military expenses. In Lipny, the Crimean Khan Devlet I Girey was the fourth king of the Russian lands. Once upon a time there were nearly 120,000 soldiers - Turks and Tatars. Having learned about the Khan's campaign, the Russian army sent 40 thousand. army together with Prince M.I. Vorotinsky.

Bіy became Bіlya village Young near Serpukhov (near Moscow), there were a few days: 29 lindens - 2 sickles 1572 rocks. The defenders of Russia used effective defense tactics in the battle at the Peresuvny fort with wooden shields. take a walk, and strikes at the front and until the enemies were attacked in the five-day battles.

Battle for Molodi

Gulyai-misto (Wagenburg) from an engraving of the 15th century.

The result of the battle was to the detriment of the Russians. The victory of the Russian army was the result of a gentle upgrading of defensive disputes and relief of locality, effective stagnation of artillery, the exact choice of time for a flanking maneuver and a major counterattack. After such a brutal blow, the Crimean Khans no longer thought about raiding the Russian capital. The Crimean-Turkish aggression against the Russian state was stopped. For the meaning Battle of Molodino equaled with Kulikovo and other key battles in the history of Russia. Even victory in the battle allowed Russia to preserve freedom and independence.

To answer the riddle about the heroism of Russian soldiers, a reconstruction of the Battle of Molodino is being carried out. International military-historical

The festival “Battle of Molodi” was held in 2008 in the fourth year of Lipnya. The festival is held in a “living history” format, where guests of the Festival can feel like they are not just eyewitnesses, but also participants in our own history, they have the unique opportunity to be in the very center of historical events, to conclude to the image of a long-gone era, to reach the spiritual and cultural . Spadshchina of Russia.

It was for Ivan the Terrible in Russia that the first border statute in history was created - “Virok about the village and guard service” (1571). Following the order of the tsar, the first border outposts were created between the Russian lands, as if to warn the tsar about the raids of nomads. The system pioneered by John lasted for many centuries and was reformed only after Catherine II.

First border outposts

"At the Guard Cordon of the Moscow State." Painting by artist Z. U. Ivanov. 1907 r_k.

For all their victories the people were nicknamed Ivan Vasilyovich Grozny. Griznim - for enemies.

Change of cordons of Muscovite Russia for Ivan the Terrible

In connection with the expanded territory of the Moscow State, economical and trade connections between regions were strengthened. Bread was brought from the center to the pivnich, and salt, khutro, and fish were brought from the center. During the reign of Ivan IV, trade began with Western Europe through Novgorod and Smolensk. Trade with England became regular. The White and Barents Seas opened routes from Britain to Russia. The English trade booth fell asleep near Moscow, and in 1584. port of Arkhangelsk on the birch of the Dvinskaya Bay.

"Ivan the Terrible shows his treasures to the English ambassador Horsey." O. Litovchenko

Trade development

To establish churches in the recently acquired lands of Kazan and Astrakhan, a lot of books are needed. Tom was punished sovereign drukarnu for this purpose.

The creation of drukarni was entrusted Ivan Fedorov. Ivan Fedorov learned about the production of books from the German masters who lived in Moscow and adopted this method, adopting it. For ten years we worked on the construction of the drukarna. Having made the typesetting myself, making the forms for the letters myself, typing and correcting the text myself.

Book director

Ivan Fedorov (“Pershodrukar”) A.V. Moravian

Russia has not forgotten the name of the people who have seen the last written book. In 1909, a monument to Ivan Fedorov, the Russian leader, was erected near Moscow.

Sculptor S.M. Volnukhin

The first Russian Tsar, Ivan Vasilyovich the Terrible, was one of the most luminous people, he had a phenomenal memory, and was a scholar of theology. Vin buv by the author bagatioh send. Having written the text and music for the service to the Holy Virgin of Volodymyr, as well as the canon to the Archangel Michael. Thanks to the initiative of Ivan the Terrible, a kshtalt was created in Oleksandrovya Sloboda conservatory, where the most beautiful musical masters practiced, Vin loved to read, being a volunteer largest libraries And in Europe I would be a good speaker.

Consecration Tsar

Ivan the Terrible (sculptor M.M. Antokolsky)

During the reign of Ivan IV, many priests were illiterate and unliterate at all. It was ordered to close the connection church schools.

1551 fate, by order of the tsar, the Moscow Cathedral of Goiters of Spiritual Persons was organized in all places schools for children for “learning to read and write, and for learning the page of a book and the church psalter.”

Ivan the Terrible - educator

Parsuna 17th century

Following the orders of Tsar John IV Vasilyovich the Terrible, it was created Lyceum chronicle crypt- A review of the world and especially Russian history, especially for the royal library in a single copy. The word “facial” in the name of the Factory means illustration, from images “in guise.” It celebrates the historical period from the creation of the world until 1567. In the history of medieval medieval writing there is no monument similar to the Litsovo chronicle crypt, both in terms of the breadth of burial and the observance. Nevypadkovo is informally called Tsar-Book.

Lyceum chronicle crypt

Above the books Facial crypt The metropolitans and “sovereign” mayors celebrated: about 15 scribes and 10 artists. The crypt takes about 10 thousand. arkushiv and over 17 thousand. illustrations, and the figurative material occupies approximately 2/3 of the entire volume of the monument. Small miniatures (landscape, historical, battle and everyday life genres) not only illustrate the text, but also complement it. These actions are not written, but rather painted. The little ones tell the readers how they looked into the old clothes, military clothes, church tents, armor, clothes,

broken items.

Ljodovo massacre.

Battle of Kulikovo. 1380

Resurrection of St. Basil's Cathedral (Protection on the River) on Chervonia Square

The facial crypt has survived to this day in 10 volumes, which are found in various ancient treasures: the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg and the State Historical Museum in Moscow.

The company “ACTEON”, together with the custodians of a number of rocks, first produced a scientific facsimile of the “Facebook chronicle of the crypt of the 16th century.” For the first time, the largest array of unique historical material has become available.

The main focus of this company was on the development of ultra-modern technologies that emerged at the beginning of the 21st century. These are the first non-contact book scanners that allow you to highlight old books with gentle light and scan them without contact with a high-quality brush. In order to produce high-quality book palettes, a new handmade book palette was created, where the technology of the famous Russian book palette of the 16th century was created.

Pouches of the reign of Ivan IV Vasilyovich

The territory increased from 2.8 million km² to 5.4 million km².
Population growth from 30% to 50% (up to 10-12 million people).
Added to: Kazan kingdom, Astrakhan, Siberia, Nogai Horde, part of the Northern Caucasus. The Russian power has become greater than the borders of Europe.
Trade development. Morsky from England. Land from Persia and Central Asia.
The cob of friendliness.
The Face Crypt was created.
The bezkoshtovnuyu osvіtu (church schools) was reserved.
The beginning of active settlement of the povnichny Black Earth region (Orlivsk, Kursk, Lipetsk, Tambov region).
Creation of the regular army (and the first unified military uniform - among the Streltsy).
Cob of Cossack.
155 new places and forts were created.
Over 60 monasteries and churches were founded.

Replacement

I would like people, especially young people, to write about their country, their own history, to know this history. Only if you know the past, you can remember in the future. A minute away from our land - it’s important. And they may lie behind us. How will Russia become beautiful, rich, happy?

It will be great! We'll try!

Dzherela illustration

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Dzherela text information

http://www.chrono.ru/index.php

http://rushist.com/index.php/russia-children

http://fb.ru

http://akteon-sale.ru

http://www.molodifest.ru

Name of Russia. Historical election 2008. Edited by O.M.

Sakharov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2008.

Kolosov D.V., Vronsky O.G. Great battles, history of Russia. -

M.: TOV "Budinok Slovyanskaya knigi", 2008.

Bushkov A. Ivan the Terrible. Krivaviy sings. - M.: OLMA Media Group, 2007.
Solovyova T.A., Rogalova O.I. Historical background to the course “Superfluous Light”: An active approach that is developing. 4th grade - M.: "VAKO", 2006.

To quickly see your presentation in advance, create your own Google account and go to: https://accounts.google.com

Captions before slides:

Propose a greater report on those Ivan IV the Terrible Most often, in the assessment of the reign of Ivan IV, two main stages can be seen. Domestic and foreign policy of Russia in the 30-50s. XVI century Reform of Ivan IV. Domestic and foreign policy of the Russian state in the 60s – beginning of the 80s. XVI century Oprichnina. How do you think this kind of periodization can be explained?

Until the end of the 40s. Behind the young tsar there is a group of courtiers, whom he trusts to carry out state affairs. Prince Andriy Kurbsky called this new order “Elected Rada” (Rada - Rada under the monarch). The leading role was played by Oleksiy Fedorovich Adashev, one of the rich Kostroma nobles, the Tsar’s bed-keeper (third Duma rank), Ivan Mikhailovich Viskovaty, the Duma clerk (fourth Duma rank), the Tsar’s confessor Sylvester, a number of noble princes and boyars. The end of the fierce 1549 rub. Delighting the Muscovites with a lively and stylized action: through the streets that bordered the Kremlin, up to the Tsar’s palace, boyars and Moscow nobles, hierarchs and clerks huddled, making their way through the crowds of people. Their gatherings, called by members of the party “the Council of Reconciliation,” sensed that the monarch was thrown into violence and fighting in the hour of his youth. Ivan Vasilyovich, from the angry protests, passed to the right: calling everyone to the end of their work, voting about the need and the beginning of reforms. We started with the re-creation of the military. According to the Code of Laws 1550 rub. They liquidated the monastery’s refusal to pay taxes to the treasury, and they forbade converting the children of the boyars, from the nobility, into serfs. Church cathedral 1551 r. Having adopted the Stoglav-collection, the resolution of the cathedral included one hundred chapters-articles from the king’s diet about the church “future”. Important reforms were carried out at the central and local government. Moscow has a system of punishments. Warehouse Reform Reform Vibranaya for the sake of

The monasteries of the Liquation privileges do not pay taxes to the treasury Serfs of Zaborona convert the children of the boyars into serfs, from the noble camp of the Villages Difficulties in the transition of the villagers from one ruler until another in Yura's day by way of increasing size ru of the old place, which competes with them, the court gained control over the court of the nasniks and governors, districts and volosts: the most important decisions began to prevail in Moscow, the Tsar and the Boyar Duma; in the localities, old age and kissers were watched over the Code of Law of Ivan IV Taxes A single tax “great plow” was introduced

In response to the noble army, which was called as a militia for various needs, the riflemen served steadily, received uniforms, a penny and a grain payment. Based on the program outlined by the first Zemstvo Assembly in the history of Russia, military reorganization began: THE FIRST VOIVODA OF THE GREAT REGIMENT OF THE VOYVODA Applicable to local disputes between the voivodes during the hour of marches in 1550 r. What is the fate of the whole army of archers - warriors, who are armored not only with a cold armor, like a noble army, but also with fire (they killed; the successors of the archers were called squeakers).

During the hour of marching, we served people and were paid a sum of money - a penny and a piece of bread. Periodic military surveys were carried out. Duty service (1556 rubles) established a uniform order of military service from marks and estates. FROM 150 TITHES OF LAND, the nobleman puts the war on horseback at the newly formed war contract - an additional penny withdrawal, failure - a fine. The military reforms of Ivan IV are direct: streamlining the system of acquisition and military services in the local military; organization of centralized control of the army; creation of the stationary Streltsy army; vision “alongside” (artillery) in the independent region of Ukraine; centralization of the delivery system; the creation of a stationary guard service at the border cordons of the state, which was the prototype of the border troops. Pouch: In the 16th century. In Russia, a system of military control of their lands has developed, which is subject to centralized control.

TRANSFER One unit of land tax is a large plow. 500 quarters of “good” (good) land in one field of black-bearing villagers; 600 quarters - from church lands; from 800 quarters - from feudal lords (landlords and patrimonial lords) - the sum is however. New taxes: “food pennies” - morning of the Streltsy army; "Polonian pennies" - for the ransom of soldiers. Old taxes: “yamski groshi” - for postal service; “On the right side of the place” - everyday life of the place, fort. All these changes are small in anticipation of an increase in the power of the state. A policy of a kind of compromise was pursued - the unification of the interests of all faiths of feudal lords from other provincial nobles to noble boyars. age

Punishments - central government bodies in the Russian state, were in charge of a special type of state information in the surrounding regions of the state. Punishments were also called chambers, huts, courtyards, palaces, thirds and quarters.

nobility discharge embassy pomіsny

robber Great Parish of Yamsk zemstvo strіletsky

1559 – mid-1550s. provincial reform, governors and volosts, provincial governors of old age with the help of local elected nobles. VLADA Subordination: Robbery order І stage ІІ stage magistrates and volosts of the zemstvo self-government bodies: “beloved heads” and their assistants - kissers of the right to trial for the most important criminal crimes

Command: liquidation of the intricacies of the Golden Horde; strengthening trade and cultural connections with similar and ancient countries; acquisition of the Volga native lands Convergence policy Date Resurrection Spring 1545 Beginning of campaigns against Kazan Rebellion against Khan Safa-Girey, protégé of Turechchini and Krim. Shah-Ali, a henchman of Moscow, becomes Khan. Safa-Girey turns back to Kazan. Transfer of low Tatar feudal lords to the service until Ivan IV. The Mari and the Chuvash ask about Russian citizenship. 1547-1550 rub. Go to Kazan. Go and end in failure. Spring 1551 Preparation before the trip Kazan Budivnitstvo fort of Sviyazhsk for the confluence of the Sviyaga river near the Volga; The fort became the basis of the actions of the Khanate. 1552 rub. Campaign against Kazan Near Chernya, an army of 150,000 marched from Moscow against the Tsar. The cob of Kazan from the end of the sickle. Maintenance of tax facilities (peresuvnoy bashti, tours), inspection of mines. Assault 2nd round 1552 rub. ended with the capture of Kazan. 1556 Acquisition of the Astrakhan Khanate

Notes from the similar policies of Ivan IV: The Volga from its turn to its horn became a Russian river; Bashkiria rose to the number of Moscow Volodyas: the western part of Bashkiria knew the rule of Tsar Ivan in the 50th century; Similar, Trans-Ural, - like the end of the century, after the campaign of the Cossacks of Ermak and the subordination of the Siberian Khanate of Kuchum. The Volga region will have places like Cheboksary, Laishev, Ufa and in. The local peoples saved their lands, paid a smaller tribute to the treasury, and lower taxes from the Russian people who lived nearby. Against the Crimean Khanate in the same 50 years. Moscow organized low shares. Danilo Adashev led the military demonstration directly. To protect against the raids of the Crimeans, who devastated the original Russian tales, they created the Tula fortification between - a line of forts, forts, forest debris (zasik) from the felled trees for the day d Oki.

Oprichnina is part of the power policy of the Russian state from 1565 to 1572, which developed due to the implementation of extreme advances, the confiscation of the feudal main and lands for the benefit of the state, the reduction of the boyar-prince power and the importance of centralization of power. http://www.syl.ru/article/183524/new_oprichnina Also called “oprichnina” were territories with special administrations (“Sovereign oprichnina”), the income from which went to the sovereign treasury. The guardsmen were the people who formed the guard of Ivan IV and who directly shaped his policies. OPRICHNINA

3 breasts 1564 rub. the tsar with the queen and children, the majestic mail and the funeral service, gloomily deprived of his residence. With the king they brought the king's treasury, clothes and treasures of his family, "holiness" - icons and treasures. 3 September 1565 rub. Ivan arrived at Oleksandrova Sloboda, departing from Moscow. The stars rejected the new Metropolitan Opanas and the Moscow black people of literacy. The first tsar wrote about his “anger” at the “sovereign’s prochans,” the boyars, the punishing commanders and others for their untruths and evil. Another told the townspeople that “they should not be afraid of the stench: it is not angry with them and the smell does not affect them.” On the 5th day at Sloboda, a delegation of Muscovites asked the tsar to return to the capital and administer justice to the powers as before. You'll be fine, but put your mind to it. This is how oprichnina appears. In its own way, a kind of recession, it takes away a number of lands in the rich part of the region, Pivdni in the center, part of Moscow; here is its own control: the Boyar Duma, punishment, its own way from the faithful, as it respects people. At the heart of the state, the old order is preserved with a colossal Boyar Duma and orders; Tse-Zemshchina on the side of the boyars. OPRICHNINA: CHRONOLOGY

CHRONICLE OF THE OPRICHNINA 1569-1570 - Hvilya strata 1570 - march on Novgorod strata I. Viscut 1571, 1572 - Attack Divvlet -Girey 1572 - Op'Dnanny Zemshchini I Oprichnini 1575-1576 throne Trontanov Zzhzhdi, who was bombarded the marvelous yak Tim, who was ongoing vid nyogo, so I tim, hto yogo doslіdzhivavav. V.O.Klyuchevsky

Do you shed the innocent blood of faithful people and Christians? Think about what God wants by raising you from the world, even though you are still a mortal person, and will take away from you for the innocent blood shed by your hands. At the Zemsky Sobor of 1566, some of the noble deputies asked to end the oprichnina. The Tsar has up to 200 followers. The same fate befell the new Metropolitan Philip, who spoke out against the Tsar and the “Kromishniks” in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

With these crooked orgies, the tsar, without question, has reached the regime of a special, unbounded power. In Russia in the 70-80s. The current sovereign crisis has swelled - the desolation of villages, villages, places, the death of a great mass of people, the loss of rich people on the outskirts, a terrible famine. People who have lost their lives kill the nobles, especially the guardsmen, burn master's marks, kripaks, do not pay taxes, do not perform duties. After the massacre of the army and the bedroom of Moscow by the Crimeans in 1571. and the victories of the zemstvo military officer M.I. over them. Vorotinsky, through the river, the tsar declared about the regime of the oprichnina hated by the people. For another explanation, Ivan the Terrible has strangled any opposition, liquidated the roots of any kind of separatism, the surplus, and so small, of independence and independence in words and deeds. ARE THE BAGS OPRICHNINI?

Understand the rule of Ivan the Terrible by following the cartographic information http://www.grandars.ru/shkola/istoriya-rossii/oprichnina.html

hiztory.ru›rossiya-17vek/izbr-rada.html http://www.hrono.info/organ/ukazatel/oprichnina.php http://adm.pereslavl.ru/city http://ru.wikipedia.org /wiki http://www.runivers.ru/newenc http://www.russlawa.info/post/… http://pda.copypast.ru/2009/04 http://pskovmir.edapskov.ru/in http://www.regnum.ru/news/this http://rudocs.exdat.com/ http://www.sedmitza.ru/text/39 http://russview.ru/tags/%F1%E2 … http://clubfile.ru/?q=node/253 project68.narod.ru http://www.chronologia.org/cgi… http://samoderzhavnaya.ru/ istorik.ucoz.com Presentation author Natalia Sergievna Kosyakova , teacher of the municipal educational institution "Tumska Zosh No. 3" Klepikovsky district of the Ryazan region

Slide 2

Right cob
Oprichnina
Ivan IV the Terrible
Tsarivannaya pouches
Ivan IV
Blue and warriors of Ivan IV
Spadshchina of Ivan the Terrible
Childhood of Ivan IV
Lessons from the Code of Laws
Death of Ivan IV

Slide 3

Ivan IV the Terrible

IVAN IV the Terrible (1530-84), Grand Duke of “Ussia Russia” (from 1533), the first Russian Tsar (from 1547), son of Vasily III. Z kin. 40's pp. ruled for Vibrano's sake. With the New Year, a call began for Zemsky Sobors, the composition of the Code of Laws of 1550. Reforms of administration and courts were carried out (Gubna, Zemsky and other reforms). In 1565 the oprichnina was introduced.

Slide 4

During the reign of Ivan IV, trade ties with England were established (1553), and the first settlement was established in Moscow. Sub-roots of the Kazan (1552) and Astrakhan (1556) Khanates. In 1558-83, the Livonian War was fought for reaching the Baltic Sea, and the annexation of Siberia began (1581). The domestic policy of Ivan IV was accompanied by mass disgraces and strata, the strengthening of the villagers.

Slide 5

Childhood of Ivan IV

Slide 6

Right cob

The tsar’s favorite idea, learned already in his youth, was the idea of unbounded autocratic rule. 16 Sep 1547 r. In the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, the crowning of Grand Duke Ivan IV took place. On the new boule there are signs of royal honor: the cross of the Life-Giving Tree, the barmy and the cap of Monomakh. After receiving the Holy Mysteries, Ivan Vasilyovich was anointed with myrrh. The royal title allowed him to take a completely different position in diplomatic relations with Western Europe. The Grand Duke's title was translated as "prince" or "grand duke". The title “tsar” was either not translated at all, but rather translated as “emperor”. The Russian autocrat thereby stood on par with Europe's only emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

RUR 1,549 together with the Obrana Rada (A.F. Adashev, Metropolitan Macarius, A.M. Kurbsky, priest Sylvester) Ivan IV introduced a number of reforms aimed at centralizing the state: the Zemstvo reform of Ivan IV, the provincial reform, carried out in the army, in 1550 . The new Code of Law of Ivan IV was adopted. The first Zemsky Sobor was held in 1549, and the Stoglav Cathedral was held in 1551, which adopted a decision on church life “Stoglav”. In 1555-56, Ivan IV celebrated his birthday and adopted the Regulations on Service.

Slide 7

In 1550-51, Ivan the Terrible took a special part in the Kazan campaigns. In 1552 Kazan was conquered, then the Astrakhan Khanate (1556), the Siberian khan Ediger and Nogai Veliki lost their position to the Russian Tsar. At 1553 r. Trade with England is being established. In 1558, Ivan IV started the Livonian War for the Volodymyr on the shores of the Baltic Sea. Initially, military affairs developed successfully. Up to 1560 rub. The army of the Livonian Order was completely defeated, and the Order itself ceased to exist. Nowadays, serious changes have occurred in the internal development of the region.

At 1563 r. The Russian troops captured Polotsk, at that time a great Lithuanian fort. The Tsar was especially proud of the victory he had overcome, achieved even after breaking up with the Vibran family. Prote already in 1564 r. Russia has seen serious defeats. The king began to shukati the “vinnihs”, and the passions began to fall.

Slide 8

Oprichnina

The tsar became increasingly obsessed with the idea of establishing a special dictatorship. At 1565 rub. Vіn having voted about the introduction of oprichnina in the region. The land was divided into two parts: the territories that had not reached the definition began to be called zemshchina, the guardsmen swore an oath of allegiance to the tsar and swore not to separate from the zemstvos. The guardsmen dressed themselves in black clothes, similar to black ones. The horse guards had small special signs, the frowning symbols of the era were attached to the saddle: a broom - to sweep away the evil, and dog heads - to ward off the evil. With the help of the guardsmen, who were released from ship duty, Ivan IV forcibly confiscated the boyar estates, transferring them to the noble guardsmen. The losses that fell were accompanied by terrorism and robbery among the population.

Slide 9

The great idea of oprichnina was the Novgorod pogrom in the bitter 1570, the reason for which was the suspicion among the citizens of Novgorod to cross Lithuania. The king took special care in the campaign. All places along the road from Moscow to Novgorod were plundered. Under the hour of the trip to the chest 1569 r. Malyuta Skuratov strangled the youth of Metropolitan Philip at the Tver monastery, who was trying to stand against the Tsar. It is important that the number of victims of Novgorod, where there were more than 30 thousand inhabitants, reached 10-15 thousand. Most historians believe that in 1572 the tsar conquered oprichnina. The invasion of Moscow in 1571 played a role. the Crimean Khan Devlet-Girey, whom the army could not destroy; the bedrooms were planted, the fire spread to Kitay-Misto and the Kremlin.

Slide 10

Pouches of the reign of Ivan IV

The hemisphere of the region was detrimental to the economy of the state. A great number of lands were devastated and devastated. In 1581, in order to avoid the desolation of the tsar, the king forsook the last summer - the immediate barrier of the villagers to leave their rulers at Yuri's day, which sealed the establishment of the fortress waterways in Russia. The Livonian War ended in complete failure and loss of peace for Russian lands. The objective pouches of Tsar Ivan the Terrible may have already gained in life: despite the failure of all domestic and foreign political initiatives. In 1578 the king stopped striving. At the same time, he ordered the synodics (memorial lists) to be spent and to send contributions to the monasteries for the commemoration of their souls; at the commandment 1579 rub. repenting to the priest.

Slide 11

Blue and warriors of Ivan IV

Periods of repentance and prayer were replaced by terrible attacks of rage. At the hour of one of these attacks 9 leaf fall 1582 r. in Oleksandrivska Sloboda, the castle's residence, the tsar suddenly killed his son Ivan Ivanovich, grazing his cudgel with a slick tip on the crown. The death of the fallen deserted the king from the witches, leaving his other son, Fedir Ivanovich, an unborn ruler of the land. Ivan the Terrible sent a great contribution to the monastery to commemorate his son’s soul, and he himself thought of going to the monastery.

Slide 12

The number of squads of Ivan the Terrible is unknown, but it is certain that they were not friends this time. The cream of children who died in childhood, there are three blue ones. From the first love with Anastasia Zakhar'ina-Yur'eva two blue ones were born, Ivan and Fedir. Another squad was the daughter of the Kabardian prince, Maria Temryukivna. The third is Marfa Sobakin, who died uncontrollably for three years after the party. According to church rules, making friends with people was defended three times. U travni 1572 rub. call the church cathedral to allow the fourth love - with Anna Koltovskaya. Just as fate would have it, she was tonsured as a blueberry. She became the fifth squad in 1575. Ganna Vasilchikova, who died in 1579, is next to Vasilisa Melentyeva. Ostannіy shlyub buv ukladnykh spring 1580 rock with Mary Nagoya. 19 leaf fall 1582 r. The third son of the Tsar was born - Dmitro Ivanovich, who died in 1591. in Uglich.

Slide 13

Spadshchina of Ivan the Terrible

Ivan IV went down in history as a tyrant. He was one of the most enlightened people of his time, having a phenomenal memory and theological erudition. He is the author of the numerical messages (including before Kurbsky), music and text of the service of the Holy Mother of Volodymyr, the canon of the Archangel Michael. The Tsar organized the organization of charity in Moscow and the vigil of St. Basil's Cathedral on Chervonia Square.

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First

Russian Tsar

Ivan IV Vasilovich

Narodzhennya

At the Moscow prince's Vasily III and his squad of Olenya Glinskaya the sickle of 1530 roku gave birth to long-lived sons - ich spadkojemets Ivan . When Ivan was 3 years old, his father died and his mother was taken away.

Ruler Olenya Glinskaya

The penny reform was carried out(1535-1538 pp.), As a result, the power had a single monetary system.

At the same time, commemorations were held, especially at the entry cordons.

Glinskaya's order continued the fight against the growth of the monastery's land mass.

Boyar rule (1538-1547)

The period of struggle between boyar groups began Glinsky and Belsky, Shuysky and Vorontsov.

As a result of the great wars, the relatives of the late Grand Duchess, the Glinskys, gained the upper hand.

Ditinstvo

Let's be suspicious.

"Divinity with the boyars."

Igor Savchenko.

Crown wedding

In 1547 on the 16th day in the Moscow Kremlin in the Assumption Cathedral, Grand Duke Ivan IV ascended to the throne and became first tsar in Russia . From that time on, the land was ruled not by great princes, but by kings. Vlada crossed the slopes - from father to son. The young princess was 16 years old.

Symbols of power of the Russian kings:

orb, scepter, Monomakh's hat.

Miniature from the Special Crypt.

First squad of Ivan the Terrible

Anastasia Romanivna Zakhar'ina-Yur'eva

Whores of Ivan IV

Rocks of life

Anastasia Romanivna (died for the life of a man)

Wedding date

1532-1560

Maria Temryukivna

rozum. 1569

Marfa Sobakina (died (departed) two years after her death)

rozum. 1571

Hanna Koltovska (forcibly tonsured in chernitsa under the name of Dar'ya)

Maria Dolgoruka (died for unknown reasons, killed (drowned) after the first night of love with Ivan)

rozum. 1626

rozum. 1573

Ganna Vasilchikova (forcibly tonsured into chernitsa, died a violent death)

rozum. 1579

Vasilisa Melentiyevna (known among the Dzherelians as a “wife”; forcibly tonsured in the chernitsa in 1577, after the Dzherelians - beaten by Ivan)

rozum. 1580

Maria Nagaya

rozum. 1612

The Evil Tsar Ivan Vasilyovich survived on the throne for 50 years. Over the years, Russia has become a kingdom and expanded its territory. But his reign brought extreme and unhealed hardships. Revolting against the cruel king, people fled to the forests and outskirts of the state. The villages were empty, the hills were overgrown with forest.

Consecration Tsar

The first Russian Tsar - Ivan Vasilyovich the Terrible - was one of the most enlightened people of his time, he had a phenomenal memory, and was a scholar of theology. Vin buv by the author bagatioh send. Having written the text and music for the service to the Holy Virgin of Volodymyr, as well as the canon to the Archangel Michael. Thanks to the initiative of Ivan the Terrible, a kshtalt was created in Oleksandrovya Sloboda conservatory, where the most beautiful musical masters practiced, Vin loved to read, being a volunteer largest libraries And in Europe I would be a good speaker.

Ivan the Terrible (sculptor M.M. Antokolsky)

Ivan the Terrible - educator

During the reign of Ivan IV, many priests were illiterate and unliterate at all. It was ordered to close the connection church schools .

1551 fate, by order of the tsar, the Moscow Cathedral of Goiters of Spiritual Persons was organized in all places schools for children for “learning to read and write, and for learning the page of a book and the church psalter.”

Parsuna 17th century

Lyceum chronicle crypt

Book director

To grow a church you need a lot of books. Tom was punished sovereign drukarnu for this purpose.

The creation of drukarni was entrusted Ivan Fedorov . Ivan Fedorov learned about the production of books from the German masters who lived in Moscow and adopted this method, adopting it. For ten years we worked on the construction of the drukarna. Having made the typesetting myself, making the forms for the letters myself, typing and correcting the text myself.

Ivan Fedorov (“Pershodrukar”) A.V. Moravian

Russia has not forgotten the name of the people who have seen the last written book. In 1909, a monument to Ivan Fedorov, the Russian leader, was erected near Moscow.

Sculptor S.M. Volnukhin

For the hours of his reign,

first Russian Tsar Ivan IV Vasilyovich

happy life

reforms, for which purpose he collected enough loyal people.

"Tsar Ivan the Terrible". Andriy Shishkin. 2009 r.

"Vibrana Rada"

Ivan IV brought a few people closer to himself:

Metropolitan Macarius, his confessor, Archpriest Sylvester, nobleman Oleksiy Fedorovich Adashev, Prince Andriy Kurbsky, ambassador of Ivan Viskovaty
Metropolitan Macarius,
his confessor Archpriest Sylvester
nobleman Oleksiy Fedorovich Adashev,
Prince Andriy Kurbsky
Ambassadorial clerk Ivan Viskovaty

Having become a Russian power, I am glad that the king will be gone, named after Andriy Kurbsky from the list with Ivan the Terrible "Vibrana Rada".

First Zemsky Sobor (1549)

« Council of Reconciliation." His task was to “reconcile” the underlying interests of various countries that had accumulated before the uprising of 1547.

There are people present on the new floor clergy, nobility (noble mayors), boyars, white free people. The Council began the preparation of a new Code of Law.

Zemsky councils met to discuss the most important nutrition of domestic and foreign policies Russian powers: the food supply of war and peace, taxes and levies, important for military needs, were examined.

Code of Law 1550

At Sudebnik Bula chapter about the king , The rights of the king, the title, and the form of government were determined.

The Tsar became the viraz of autocracy. For the first time, the Code of Law was deprived of the clause about sovereign zrada.
Following the Sudebnik, it was difficult for the villagers to move from one ruler until another day on Yuri’s day. increasing the size of the frail eyelid.

Mandate-body of the central victorious government

Ambassador - having given diplomatic expressions;
Rozryadny - Organization of armored forces;
Pomisny - distributing cards among serving people;
Striletsky - having joined the Streltsy army;
Rozbiyny - cheruvav in the fight against evil;
Great parish - Collection of foreign powers' taxes ;

Yamskiy - Postal service;
Zemsky - funeral order in Moscow;
Cholobitny - having accepted the sacks in the name of the king and conducting an investigation into them (Adashev stood on whose orders).

Military reform

Following the tsar's order, recruitment from the Streltsy army was announced. Sagittarius This was the name given to the service people who began to work steadily, initially they were recruited from the free rural and small population, then their service became full-time and recessionary. The stinks stole the toll of pennies, bread, and sometimes soil. The Streltsy were allowed to engage in trade and crafts.

Changes began to happen to the newlywed. Like hand-to-hand combat in the infantry troops, especially the Streltsy units, in the wake of wide expansion Birdish. But the main role was now played by the fire. Yak hand-in-hand with wildfire vikorists squeaked – Notes towels. The artillery burst from the right in front of a giant rock. They used guns of small calibers, weighing 150–300 kg, to fire cannonballs and buckshot. Ale Russian fahivtsi were able to produce a large quantity of several tons. Bula is famous for the record holder Tsar harmata, caliber 890 mm, which means 40 tons, as a leading master Andriy Chokhov .

Taking Kazan

Ivan IV destroyed the great army in Kazan and finally the sickle 1552 rub. having laid over її. The Kazan people built a strong foundation. After the 38-day taxation, Kazan fell. At first, the Muscovite army conducted underground mines and fueled the enemy walls with gunpowder. The Kazan Khanate became part of the Moscow Empire. The order is calm at every border of the state; Russian troops were turned back from Kazan and were forced into Tatar captivity.

« Obloga Kazan". Malyunok from Anglomovnogo Vidannya

At 1556 r. was annexed to the Moscow State Astrakhan, and the Volga River stopped at the Volodynia of Russia.

“Take Kazan.” Hoodie. O. Kivshenko.

In honor of the capture of Kazan, the victory over which was saved from the church holy Protection of the Mother of God, near Moscow, on the square in front of the Kremlin, the tsar ordered to Intercession Church. This everyday life took at least 5 years to replace European temples, which took hundreds of years to create. Current name – Cathedral Saint Basil's- having been taken away from the family in 1588 after arriving at the new arrival in honor of this saint, fragments of his power were found at the site of the building of the church.

Subrooted to Siberia

Having cultivated Kazan, the Russians came out to the cordons Siberian Khanate- the remaining trick is colossal Ordi .

Stroganov began to succumb to the raids of the pens of the Siberian Khan

Kuchuma. As a result of animal Stroganov to the king, Ivan the Terrible

allowing them to recruit strong

"Yermak". Mikola Ovechkin. 1988 r.

First victories Ermak led to the collapse of the Siberian Khanate, and the Cossacks began to rule in the occupied territory of the Russian Tsar, swearing in the allegiance of the local population.

« Rooted to Siberia by Ermak.” Painting by V. Surikov, 1895

For all their victories the people were nicknamed Ivan Vasilyovich Grozny . Griznim - for enemies.

Change of cordons of Muscovite Russia for Ivan the Terrible

First border outposts

"At the Guard Cordon of the Moscow State." Painting by artist Z. U. Ivanov. 1907 r_k.

Trade development

"Ivan the Terrible shows his treasures to the English ambassador Horsey." O. Litovchenko

Livonian War 1558-1583

In 1558, Ivan the Terrible begins a war against the Livonian Order, with the goals of renewal of the cordons of Kievan Rus and access to the Baltic Sea. As a result of successful actions, Narva, Dorpat (Yur'ev) and close to 20 places were taken.

U 1559 A truce was established with the Livonian Order.
U 1563 Soon Russian troops took Polotsk.
U 1564 The fate of the Russian armies to recognize two great defeats, having destroyed the truce, renewed the raids of Divlet-Girey. In fact, from now on Russia had to fight on two fronts.

The end of the Livonian War

On the Polish-Lithuanian throne, immediately after the death of Sigismund II, having entered Stefan Batory Prince of Transylvania.
U 1579 A group of wines conquers Polotsk, Velikie Luki and other places and lands. The cordons of the region fell asleep under the threat.
The heroic defense of Pskov ( 1581 rik ), Stefan Batory, having spent five months at the helm without success, was tired of going to the negotiations.
U 1582 h The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was laid Yam-Zapolsky world. Behind the treaty Russia was claimed as a claim for Livonia and Polotsk.

U 1583 rosi bulo packed Plus truce with Sweden , which Russia gave to Sweden Ivangorod, Narva and all the Baltic shores.

« The establishment always seemed miraculous, both to those who suffered under it and to those who followed it. .»

V.O.Klyuchevsky

Oprichnina

1565 – 1572 rub.

Period of history

Policy of terror

Territory

The entry system directly emphasizes the special power of the king

The country was divided into 2 parts. Oprichnina і Zemshchina .

Term " oprichnina" resemble the Old Slavic “oprich” - okrіm, so the guardsmen were also called okrishniks.

Before the definition, the most beautiful lands and over 20 great places were discovered at sunset, at night, at the center and at the bottom. (Moscow, Vyazma, Suzdal, Kozelsk, Medin, Veliky Ustyug, etc.); until the end of the definition, this territory became 60% of the Moscow state.

Oprichnina

Oprichniki

Organizers

and kerivniki

Oprichnini buli:

nobleman Malyuta Skuratov
boyar Oleksiy (father) that Fedir (Syn) Basmanov
prince Opanas Vyazemsky
nobleman Vasil Gryazniy

The guardsmen were given handouts in the volosts assigned to the morning guardsmen; Many landowners and patrimonial owners were transferred from these volosts to others.

Zemsky Sobor 1566

At the Zemsky Sobor in 1566 roku A group of princes and boyars attacked the Tsar with a petition from whom they asked for oprichnina. Grozny vidpov is at the center of the crooked terror. Nearly two hundred campaigners were killed.

In 1567, opposite the Trinity Gate of the Kremlin (at the site of the former Russian State Library) it was created oprichny door , exorcism with a mighty stone wall, where an unjust judgment was carried out. Here it was lost 300 to 400 people, What is important is the people from honorable boyar families.

Metropolitan Philip

Metropolitan Philip (Quantities) openly condemning the actions of the oprichniki and hoping to bless the tsar and the oprichnina, who acted as their main opponent.

Grizny Pilip was sent to the monastery for orders. A dozen hours later they were strangled at the cell by a troop of guardsmen Malyuta Skuratov.

Novgorod pogrom 1570

In 1570, Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan launched a punitive expedition to Novgorod.

The bulls were robbed Klin, Tver and Torzhok.

In Novgorod, the reprisal against the townspeople is unbearable 6 years . The number of those killed was piled up close 10 thousand chol . All repressions were accompanied by robberies of main churches, monasteries and merchants.

The Pskovites were spared the pogrom, but not the destruction. Tsar Pishov from Pskov, hoarding a church treasury.

Heritage of Oprichnina (1565-1572)

The oprichnina terror has survived.

The number of victims of the oprichnina for 7 rocks Only this “official” foundation has been covered up 20 thousand (Given the total population of the Moscow State until the end of the 16th century, it was close to 6 million).

In 1571, the Crimean Khan Divlet-Girey reached Moscow. Otherwise, it was not possible for me to come to my senses without obeying the king’s order.
Divlet-Girey crossed the fords and burned everything in Zamoskvorichya.

U 1572 rub. Ivan the Terrible officially dismissed the oprichnina.

Death of Ivan the Terrible

The king's health became worse and worse. I was 50 years old from a small age, and when I grew old, I became very old.

Charge 1584 roku Ivan Vasilyovich became seriously ill. The fierce one took over the right, and even the first half took the boyars and dictated his commandment to them.

This last act of the sovereign appeared in due course - on the 18th of February, in his 54th birthday, Ivan IV died.

Pouches of the reign of Ivan IV Vasilyovich

The territory increased from 2.8 million km² to 5.4 million km².
Population growth from 30% to 50% (up to 10-12 million people).
Added to: Kazan kingdom, Astrakhan, Siberia, Nogai Horde, part of the Northern Caucasus. The Russian power has become greater than the borders of Europe.
Trade development. Morsky from England. Land from Persia and Central Asia.
The cob of friendliness.
The Face Crypt was created.
The bezkoshtovnuyu osvіtu (church schools) was reserved.
The beginning of active settlement of the povnichny Black Earth region (Orlivsk, Kursk, Lipetsk, Tambov region).
Creation of the regular army (and the first unified military uniform - among the Streltsy).
Cob of Cossack.
155 new places and forts were created.
Over 60 monasteries and churches were founded.

Replacement

It will be great! We'll try!