The principle of coding genetic information. Genetic code: description, characteristics, history of the message. Matrix synthesis reactions
07.04.2015 13.10.2015
In the era of nano-technology and innovation in all spheres of human life, the nobility needs a lot for self-cultivation and communication with people. The technologies of the twenty first century have pushed the croc far, for example, in the field of medicine and genetics. At the ts_y statty it will be possible to describe in a lecture the most common croc of the humanity in pre-dyed DNA.
Description of the DNA code
So the same code? The virogenic code is the genetic power that is involved in the evolution of genetics. This code is inspired by all the living things of our planet. Scientifically, there is a method of bilkovy end-of-life of amino acids behind an additional lance of nucleotides.
So the titles of the alphabet are formed from the choter basics, which are known as A, G, T, C:
A - adenin,
G - guanin,
T - timin,
C - cytosine.
Lantsyug to the code is a spiral of the last folded in the description of the foundations, to go, and the skin similarity of the spiral to the beginning of the letter.
The virogenic DNA code is in chips, which take the fate of the stored ones and store them from the lancers. Twenty kinds of amino acids take on the fate of those. Amino acids in the code may be called canonical, vibrant as a singing rank at the skin's essence and attesting to the lankas.
History of the event
Vivchennya bіlkіv and acids People have been busy for a long time, even though the first hypotheses and the statement of the theory about the decline of the winery only in the middle of the twentieth century. At the end of the hour, we took a sufficient amount of knowledge of food.
In 1953, the researchers showed that the cell of the body is rich in amino acids. Dal bulo vivedeno, which is a lance of not ma zhodny interchange in polypeptides.
The records of the children of the children, such as the bully children, were checked. This was formulated in a singular way: the skin gene is derived from a polypeptide. At the same time, the name of the DNA, the name of the DNA, is completely finished, but not a block.
The forebears of Scream and Watson spoke for the first time about the matrix cipher scheme, but I will explain it in 1953. The last robots of the great scientists have been informed about the fact that the code is the carrier of information.
Over the course of the year, you lost your money to the nutritional status of the formulation of lantsyuzhkiv amino acids, the basis of that power.
The first students, who have been inspired by the hypothesis of genetic coding, will use physical Gamov, who have also proponated the singing method of inverting the matrix.
Geneticists started to raise the difference between the two bicar crossbeams of the amino acid lancer and diamond-shaped scrapes, so that they could pretend. The rhomboid steps of the lanceuga establish themselves behind the additional number of nucleotides in the genetic code. The quality of the bullet is called a tambourine.
Gamow gave his prelude to the theory of the triplet code. Tseє persochergovim in nutrition about the nature of the genetic code. I want the theory of physics by Gamow, but only one of them is the code of the structure of bricks through the genetic code.
Apparently, Georgiy Gamov became the first to be examined, as if he looked at the food about the geni of how the chotir-valued system was codified, then put it into a twenty-digit basic fact.
The principle of dії
One block is stored from a number of low amino acids. The logic of the resulting lancers is based on the characteristics of the organism, which is based on the information about the biological parameters of the living organism.
Information from living cells is represented by two matrix processes:
Transcription, tobto synthesized by the process of lightness, RNA and DNA matrices.
Translating, to synthesize a lance of polypeptides on an RNA matrix.
In the process of translation, the genetic code of redirections in the logical lance of amino acids. 
To find out and realize the information of genes, it is necessary not less than three lanceol nucleotides, while looking at twenty last amino acids. Such a set of three nucleotides is called a triplet.
Genetic codes of distribution between two categories:
Perekrivayuchі - the code is minorny, trikutny and last.
Non-overlapping - combination code and "no lump".
Until then, the order of amino acids was chaotic and apparently individualized, based on the principle that the codes were used, not to be crooked. The theory of "no lump" was developed by the year.
Who needs to know the DNA code
The knowledge about the genetic code of a living organism allows an organism to gain information about molecules in a declining and evolving sense. It is necessary to record the decay rate, which appears until the formation of systemic knowledge in the light of genetics.
The universality of the genetic code is interfered with by the unique power of a living organism. On the basis of the data, it is possible to classify the food as being of a medical and genetic nature.
Vikoristannya knowledge in medicine and genetics
Achievement in the molecular biology of the twentieth century has made it possible to widely grow crocs in the early days of ailments and viruses, as well as growing up. Information about the genetic code is widely used in medical genetics.
The emergence of the nature of the singular ill-health of the virus will be imposed on the genetic development. Knowledge of that formulation of theories and practices of building up vilikuvati is important and vilikovny or nevilikovnya ill-gotten sickness and mayybutny.
Prospects for development
Oskіlki scientifically brought, but in the genetic code laid down information not only about the decline, but about the triviality of life to the body, the development of genetics, to ask the nourishment about the immortality and dovgolittya. The prospect of a low hypothesis of terrestrial immortality, crayfish zhvoryuvan, stovburovic people of people.
The scientific advisor of the technical institute P. Garyaev in 1985 was able to perform the spectral analysis of the empty space, called the phantom. Phantoms have died of genetic molecules.
This meant a theory about the change of the living organism in an hour, that it’s transferring, that people’s life is good for the chotirist of rock.
Phenomenon є those who don’t have the DNA of a sound type of sound are one hundred hertz. Tobto, DNA can speak.
Given the genetic code adopted a system of signs, such a system of signs is used to recognize the last generation of nucleotides in DNA and RNA, as a result of the appearance of the last of amino acid molecules.
Tse is important!
If we learn into the vividness of the power of the genetic code, one of the head bullets has recognized the universality. So, it’s not marvelous, everything is united by one, universal, zagalny genetic code. It was formed in a great advance for an hour, and the process ended close to 3.5 billion years ago. From the same time, the structure of the code can be quilted along the way of the new evolution, from the moment of inception to the present.
If you are looking for the last thing in the genetic code, you rely on respect, it’s far from chaotic, but rather simple order. And it is also rich in what is the sign of the power of the genetic code. The price is unequivocally rostashuvannyu letter and fold in words. Varto destroy the order of things, and more than that, which is readable on the book and newspaper sides, to reimagine on the gibberish.
Basic power of the genetic code
Call the code for yourself, be it information, encrypted with a special rank. In order to decipher the code, it is necessary to know the nobility of the rice.
Otzhe, the main power of the genetic code is:
- tripletness;
- virginity of chi overworld;
- unambiguity;
- interruption;
- vzhe vische universality is indicated.
Submitting a report to the skin power.
1. Triplet
If there are three half-nucleotides of nucleotides, the last lance of the middle of the molecule is set (tobto DNA or RNA). As a result, there is a triplet, or one of the amino acids, the most common knowledge of the peptides.
Razrіznyayut codoni (stink of code words!) For їх last data for the type of quiet nitrogenous spoluk (nucleotides), which enter to їх warehouse.
In genetics, 64 codons are accepted. The stench can confirm the combination of 3 types of nucleotides in the skin. The price is equivalent to the number 4 at the third step. In such a rank, it is possible to establish 64 nucleotide combinations.
2. The superiority of the genetic code
The power is to be quilted, if for the encryption of one amino acid a few codons are needed, you will chime at the boundaries of 2-6. I only and tryptophan can be coded for one additional triplet.
3. Unambiguity
Vaughn to enter the power of the genetic code as an indicator of healthy genetic decline. For example, about a good blood state, about a normal hemoglobin, you can tell doctors the GAA triplet, so you can stand on a quick trip in a lance. It’s not all the information about hemoglobin, but it’s the same code. And if a person is sick for anemia, one nucleotide is replaced by the letter of the code - U, which is a signal of anemia.
4. Continuity
When writing down the power of the genetic code, the memory of the codoni, like a lance lance, is not spread out in the country, but in direct proximity, one by one in the nucleic acid lance, and the lance is not afraid to be dumb.
5. Universality
Nicholas do not fall into oblivion, but everything that is on the Earth is shared by the genetic code. In addition, in primates and humans, in coma and birds, in a capital baobab and in a blade of grass, where the ground has hatched from the ground, similar triplets are encoded with similar amino acids.
Itself in the genes is laid the basic information about the power of that organism, its own kind of program, which organism will reject from the decline of all quiet, who lived before and as a genetic code.
Signs to organism tied with singing beads. Bilkas are stored with amino acids. Spadkov іnormatsіya about blocks are stored in DNA, how to fold into nucleotides. The nutritional status: 1) by the rank of DNA, the decay information about the library is coded. In 1961, the gene-code-principle was used to record the decay of information about the last amin-t in the library through the last nucleotides of DNA. Sv-va gene code: 1) tripletness-tse load of one amiya-ty is encoded by one 3 nucleotides (one 3 nucleotides-triplet, codon). There are 64 possible triplets and 3 of them are not meaningful Stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA. 2) DEGENERATION-position 1 amin-ty can be encoded by dec triplets and chi codons. 3) GENE CODE DO NOT OVERCOME IN INTER 1 GENE. tobto 1 nucleotide cannot be equal to 2 triplets at once. 4) GENETIC KID WITHOUT COM, so that there are triplets of multiple nucleotides. 5) THE GENETIC CODE OF UNIVERSALS, to be the same for the other organizations. 6) STABIL, so as not to change among a number of generations. When the character of the gene code is understandable, complementarity, so that the latter corresponds to the last amii-t in the library, the last nucleotide of DNA. Realization of the last information at the clinic. In eukoriocy, all DNA is in the nucleus. The synthesis of the protein is transferred to the cytoplasm, and then it is in between, the transfer of the information gene from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The mediator is a ta-RNA molecule. The implementation of the decline in information is stored in 2 processes 1) transcription - synthesis of mol-RNA on DNA, like on a matrix. 2) translation-translation of the last nucleotides into amino acid last.
29) Realization of biological information in the client. Transcript. Splicing phenomenon. Transfer of biological information of blocks (translation). In eukarotic cells, read all the DNA in the nucleus, the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm on the ribosomes. This means that there is an intermediate, which transfer decay information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, it is the i-RNA molecule. Such a rank of the mechanisms of realizing decay information in the cells is stored in the processes of transcription and translation, the stench in the process of active robotic gene. Transcript- the whole synthesis of an RNA molecule on DNA, yak on a matrix, folding enzymatic process, kit vimagaє vitrati energy ATP. Dilyanka 1 lantsyuga DNA is a template for the synthesis of mol-Li RNA. Synthesis of any nucleotide freedoms and bases on the principle of complementarity. The main enzyme synthesis is RNA polymerase. In prokaryotic cells, the type given to the enzyme. In eukaryotic cells, there are 3 types of enzyme given: 1) RNA-polymerase 1 - for the synthesis of r-RNA 2) RNA-polymerase 2 - for the synthesis of i-RNA 3) RNA-polymerase 3 for all other molecules for t-RNA vidi r-RNA from a low molecular weight. Reading transcripts are stored in 3 stages: ініціяція (ear); elongats_ya (podovzhennya); terminatsiya (kinets). At the first stage, the RNA polymerase enzyme detects nucleotides in front of the gene. Qia last nucleotides star pronator ... Having learned the pronator RNA polymerase, it is fixed on them. At the same time, the DNA spiral is distributed. Vilnim stan dilyanka, which is related to this gene. Dilyanka 1 lantsyuga DNA stanіv matrix for the synthesis of mol-li RNA. Before an hour of another stage of RNA polymerase, it collapses into the length of DNA, the synthesis of RNA mol-lu at a straight line of 5 "-3". At 3 stages: Synthesis of RNA by pushing RNA polymerase before reaching the nucleotide in the end of the gene. The sequence of nucleotides is called the term transcriptional signal or the stop signal. Here the transcript ended. Visnovok: the primary transcript of iRNA, r-RNA, t-RNA is synthesized in the transcript.
Primary transcript RNA. In prokaryotic cells, the i-RNA molecule is synthesized immediately, which becomes a matrix for the synthesis of the protein molecule. In the theory of cells, an immature i-RNA molecule is synthesized, which is called pro-i-RNA. Then, at the core, the transcription is finished, and the maturation is returned to the core - processing. Wine includes 3 stages: 1) Kepiruvannya. One chemically modified nucleotide - methylguanosyl - is attached to the 5'-end of the pro-iRNA molecule. Pretend to be a cap-structure. The structure of the nadal syria is linked to the ligation of the iRNA from the ribosome. 2) Polіadenіluvannya. Up to 3 'end of pro-i-RNA, 100-200 adenyl nucleotides are adhered to. The polyadenocyte is established, it stabilizes the i-RNA molecule and goes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
3) Splicing. At the moll i-RNA, take revenge on the exoni and introni. Splicing of intrinsic visibility of pro-i-RNA molecules and data collection for additional ligases. As a result of the processing, the RNA matures, as it is, according to the additional generation of 1 \ 10 of the primary transcript. We will burn RNA into the cytoplasm, less than 3-5% it will overwhelm the nucleus, and it will ruin. Translation . Components necessary for biosynthesis of a protein: amii-ty, t-rnc, i-rnc, ribosome, ATP, enzymes. Translation warehouse from 3 stages: innovation, elongation, term. Ініціяція : the complex of i-RNA and ribosome is established. Tsymu spriy capchastin i-RNA. The first t-RNA-ініціатна is to go to the whole complex. The і-RNA-AUG (mіtіonіn) is the і-RNA-AUG (mіtіonіn) innovation codon as its anticodon t-РІК. In eukarotic cells of persha, the amino acid of polypeptide lanceuga is methionin. For the completion of biosynthesis, the amino acid can be seen from the polypeptide lancer. Yelongatsiya : in ribosomes, the functional center is z 2 uch-kiv: a-dilyanka (amino acid-t-RNA zyazu dilyanka, t-RNA with amino acid comes to the dilyanka, tobto aminoacyl-t-RNA), b) dilyanka (Peptide-t-RNA links uch-k. The dilyants have t-RNA, tied with a peptide - peptidyl-t-RNA). With the functions of cich dalyanoks, the podovzhennya lantsyuga bіlka is tied. It is permissible that the singing peptide lance is in the same synthesis, the peptidyl-t-RNA complex is found in the P-dilent of the ribosome. T-RNA with amino acid arrives in the dilyanka of ribosomes. If the t-RNA anticodon is complementary to the i-RNA codon, then the t-RNA is given with the amino acid to be included in the folder. p align = "justify"> Ribosome enzymes separate the links between the t-RNA and the peptide, which is located in the R-dilent, the t-RNA is found in the R-dilency. The second enzyme of the ribosome - transferase - form a peptide link between the peptide and the amino acid, which is found in the A-dilent of the ribosome. This is how the peptide lancer is raised by a single amino acid. The ribosome is to rob one croc, equal to 3 nucleotides in each i-RNA molecule, the t-RNA-peptide complex is moved from the A-dilenka to the P-dilenka, the A-dilenka is ready to accept a new t-RNA with an amino acid. Termіnatsіya - Raising the polypeptide lancet until the quiet time of the A-dilyanka ribosome and not reaching one of the stop codons, because It is not the amino acid that is needed, but the protein biosynthesis will end, the polypeptide lancer, the i-RNA molecule, and the ribosome fall into a subunit. If a large number of this bottle is needed, then a complex of ribosomes and i-RNA is established. polisoma.
If you go about “DNA activation”, there is a lot of talk about the activation of codes (codons), such as, like, seemingly, our DNA has as many as 64, so I will bring up some of the hexagrams of the Chinese Book of Serpents.
The Hexagrams of the Book of Zmin are a graphic representation of the young and modern versions of the Maybut (hto namagavsya gadati on tsiy knizi, zrozumіє). Otzhe, from a sprinkle, the people were created as vilny individuals, the created program was assimilated to the basis of their maybutny. Ale nini is actively depriving 20 DNA codes (codons), tobto. - less than a third. All іnshe - tse, as it seems vchenі, - "smitva part" of DNA. Protect the same viznennya i wiklikak sumnіv.
Active 20 codons will preserve our vision, multiplying the same time on the basis of biological robots. The first level of our freedom at a time is directly proportional to the number of active DNA codes.
Not penetrating into the nuances of various hypotheses, about those who have blocked a large part of their DNA from people. Obviously, only one thing - they didn’t work as a result of being related to the people of strength - the day-hijackers, which are victorious to our testimony, emotions, I create energy like my own life. For example, yak mi vikoristovuєmo bjil for collecting honey.
It’s all the more old days before the hijackers linger at the parallel reality and the lights can appear in less than a short hour. Ale in our svitі є svіdomі pomіchniki.
The head trick, which is like going into the cutesy hijack, having sprinkled at the crossbar of our "folding point" to take the chakri heart to the chakri chakri of sleepy gossip. Itself so, the people appeared to see a direct call from the Creator, and from the cob Serts' Shlyakhu to imposing Shlyakh Sili on us. To what all the tse has summoned - it is miraculously visible behind the ninish camp of the biosphere.
By what rank can you go to the control of the hijacking things and how can I give you freedom and turn them around if you want more health?
Efforts to prelude to grasp the need to activate the "smitty part" of DNA, tobto. all inactive codons. The first axis here is to reclaim a rogue in terminology. Seemingly, our DNA is composed of 2 spirales and 64 codons. Otzhe, "awakening" and "activating" inactive codons, by the very active and spirals of DNA. Thus, the term "activation of DNA codes" is the same term "activation of DNA spirals", there are only 2 spirals in our country, which are 2/3 more inactive.
And here there is a lot of superfluousness. Smell to be repaired in a moment, if there is a term about "12 DNA spirals", which, as a rule, the people of Mali are in the past. And at the same time - we have lost 2 active spirals.
Already the rest of the solidified wiklikas sumn_v. How many are active spirals, 2/3 of which are inactive? Nastilki, some of them may be a mechanism, 2/3 of which is incomparable. The one who is better for everything, needs to know about the need to activate these codons.
At the same time, vrahoyuchi, scho, like і Vsesvіt, dermal lyudina is bagatomirna and maє pevnі tila, so that the frequency of vibrations of the skin develops, then our DNA is also responsible for the structure. According to one of the occult traditions, the number of cich vimiriv-svitіv on the road is 12. Possibly, the terminology about "12 spirals of DNA", which is multiplying the number of DNA by 2 spiral So, we can talk only about 12 pairs, not about 12 DNA spirals.
And from when the term “12-world DNA” is introduced, then everything immediately stays on the spot. The whole terminology came to us, mainly, from the English representatives of the New Age ruku, and it is as simple as possible, but here it is not called the exact shift plus the singing level of the knowledge of the whole nutrition could transform the 12-mile "activation" DNA ". Bigger Tim, who people, like intelligence, is the essence of activism, mechanism, but not geneticists, did not go into the details of terminology, just taking it for granted.
On the cinnamon of the central version, to speak of the fact that, unaffected by a rogue in terminology, it is important that there are more preliminaries than a single one in the mechanism of the process of "activation". They call the stinks codoni, coding programs (for the sake of computers) and smell the singing "keys" for their activation. The price can, for example, be correlated with the "activation keys", which are entered before the hour of installation of licensed computer programs. This is the very mechanism of activation.
When the head key of activation is є Love. Yak tilki mi startєmo viprominuvati Lyubov, we go to the control of the day-hijackers. And what we better put to ourselves in such a camp, we try to set the position of the “point of folding up” on the energetic level of the heart chakri. I’ll become us all the way and we іveda "Shlyakh Sertsya", about what K. Castaneda wrote about that richly old past.
Activation of DNA codons can be correlated with computer viruses, behind the addition of which stinks are blocked. Names of cich viruses: "fear", "zdrіst", "hatred", "greediness", "wickedness", "hіt", "importance", "nonsense", etc.
Lіkuvannya cich virusіv deyakі prelіdniki call "the snake of dark codes on the lights". The axis, for example, as a set of anti-virus DNA activation programs, is described by V. Lermontov:
“I go from nonsense to the truth,
I walk from the temryavi to the Svitla,
I walk through fear to Love,
I go from myself to the hibny to myself to the true
I do not wish for me to lead the Light of Love,
I don't care if you are on my way,
I don’t want to bless my way to the Living Light! ”
Thus, the essence of the activation of our DNA polarity is in the transformation of negative energies (emotsiy, sentiments) in the positive. The main process is based on the most powerful energy to Vsesvit - Lyubov and Vona є in the most effective "anti-virus program" of Svetl against the "viruses in the drink", as they blocked a large part of our DNA.
1. Coding and implementation of biological information in the clientele. The code system is dna and b_lka.
2. Genna Engineering. Biotechnology. Zavdannya, methods. Dosyagnennya, perspectives.
3. The value of the science of ecology. Seredovische yak ecologic pundit, officials of the middle. Ecosystem, biogeocenosis, anthropocenosis. The specifics of the life of people.
1. A collection of all the development of life is accumulated in the development of protein molecules, as well as the visibility of the children of the development of biological functions. The structure of the amino acids starts with a set and the order of the rosetting of amino acids in peptide lancers. The same sequence of amino acids in peptide lancers is encoded in DNA molecules by an additional biological (genetic) code. For the encryption of 20 different amino acids, a sufficient number of one nucleotide can be provided without a triplet code;
Genetic code- Tse system for recording information about the last of the roasting of amino acids in bottles for the additional post-roasting of nucleotides in the i-RNA.
Holy Island gene. code:
1) The code is triplet. This means that the skin of 20 amino acids is encoded after 3 nucleotides, it is called a triplet or a codon.
2) Virogeno code. It means that the cutaneous amino acid is encrypted with more than one codon (including methiotin and tryptophan)
3) The code is unambiguous - a skin codon cipher for 1 aminoxylate
4) Mіzh genes є "change signs" (UAA, UAG, UGA) of the skin means the synthesis and cost in the end of the skin gene.
5) In the middle of the gene of mismatched signs.
6) The code is universal. The genetic code is one of all living things of the earth.
Transcription - the whole process of reading RNA information, so that i-RNA can be processed by polymerase. DNA is the carrier of all genetic information in cells, without the middle participation in the synthesis of proteins. Before the ribosomes - the mice of picking up the bilks - hanging from the nucleus is a non-carrier information mediator that can pass through the pores of the nuclear membrane. Nim є i-RNA. For the principle of complementarity, I read DNA for the participation of the enzyme called RNA - polymerase. There are 4 stages in the transcription process:
1) Linking RNA polymerase with a promoter,
2) ініціяція - ear to synthesis. Vono polyaga in the approved first phosphodiester link between ATP and GTP and two nucleotide synthesized i-RNA molecule,
3) elongats_ya - growth of RNA lanceuga, tobto. lastly attached nucleotides one to one in the order in which there are complementary nucleotides in the DNA strand that are transcribed,
4) Termіnatsіya - completion of the synthesis of i-RNA. Promoter is a maidan for RNA polymerase. The operon is a part of the DNA gene.
DNA(Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a biological polymer that can be stored in two polynucleotide lances, one for one. Monomers, which can form the skin from DNA lances, є folding organic halves, which include one of the nitrogenous bases: adenine (A) or thymine (T), cytosine (C) or guanin (G), p'atatomium zoxoribous pentose - on іm'ya I have won the name і DNA itself, as well as an excess of phosphoric acid. Nucleotides are heard.
2. GENNA INZHENERIYA, or the technology of recombinant DNA, a change for the supplementary biochemical and genetic methods of chromosomal material - the main decaying speech of kinin. Chromosomal material is stored in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Biologists isolate and transfer DNA from one cell to another. As a result, there are changes to the genome that could hardly be recognized by the natural path. By the method of genetic engineering, the drugs are reduced to a very low level, including insulin people and the anti-veneer drug interferon. I want the technology to grow faster, you won’t see the achievement of great successes in medicine and in the Russian government. In medicine, for example, there is a very promising trend in the development of vaccines. For the additional recombinant DNA in the Silk State, there can be recognized varieties of cultivated grows, stiyki to dry land, cold, ailments, coma-shkidnikiv and herbicides.
Genetic engineering methods:
Method of sequencing - the value of the nucleotide sequence of DNA;
The method of zonal transcription of DNA;
Reproduction of DNA fragments.
Suchasna biotechnology- the price of science and technology directly, as well as wine in the 60-70s of our town. Especially boisterous began to develop since the mid-70s, with the first successes of genetic engineering experiments. Biotechnology, for the most part, not just that, such as vikorstannya cultures klіtin bacterіy, drіzhіv, tvarin or roslin, metabolism and biosynthetic capacities of which will prevent the viroblasting of specific speeches. Biotechnology based on the knowledge of biochemistry methods, genetics and chemistry technology has given the ability to reject for the help easily accessible, innovative resources that are quiet words and are important for life and goodness.
3. Ecology- Science about the relationship between living organisms and the middle and living. Nature, living organism is alive, є midst of yogo living ... The middle factors, which are infused into organism, are called ecological factors:
abiotic factor- factors of inanimate nature (temperature, light, vologism);
biotic factors- Between individuals in the population and among the populations in the natural suspension;
anthropogenic factor- The power of people to bring living organisms to the brink of death.
Photoperiodism - More important is the attachment of organisms. So, spring days are active in the activity of statues.
At 1935 p. English botanist A. Tesli having banned the witness " ecosystem»- historically formed as a result, altogether more complex and stable systems of living and non-living components, which may cause a one-sided stream of energy, internal and external circulation.
U 1942 p. Academician VN Sukachov of Radiansk having formulated the understanding " biogeocenosis»- is a natural system, which is composed of living and non-living components, which borrows the territory from the occasionally one-year agricultural production and is characterized by a singing flow of energy, a circular flow of words, collapse and development.
Fox, field, meadow - the whole ecosystem. If the characteristic of the forest is that type, it is concretized by the singular growing of the cultivation (yalinnik - blackberry, pine forest - cowberry) - ce biogeocenosis.
The center of living of people є the intertwining of intertwined natural and anthropogenic ecological officials, a collection of which can be found in the young natural geographic and economical regions of the planet.