The role of entrepreneurship in the Russian economy. Entrepreneurship of the Russian Federation economy, countries and problems. Adoption is an invisible element of the current market system of government, without any economy and marriage cannot function normally.

Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Construction.

Department of Economic Theory.

Abstract on the topic:

“Enterprise in the current Russian economy”

Robot vikonav:

Student gr. MAS-3

Akopyan R.A.

Having accepted the job:

Zhdanov Zh.Zh.

Saint Petersburg

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..3

1. The essence of enterprise……………………………………………………………...5

2. Types of enterprise……………………………………………………………………...6

3. Forms of enterprise………………………………………………………………..11

4. Problems and prospects for the development of enterprise………………...16

5. Cause problems…………………………………………...18

6. Ways of rising problems of enterprise……………………………20

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………24

List of Wikipedia Literature……………………………………………………………..25

Entry The practice of the world business has shown that entrepreneurship occupies a very important place in the national economy of any power. This also greatly influences the rate of economic growth, the structure and volume of the gross national product, which forms 40-50 thousand. This is not less true in some cases – this factor is, in its essence, an integral element of the market infrastructure. A power that is developing harmoniously simply needs to achieve such a market domination, so that the high level of development of entrepreneurship acts as a necessary supplement for the new one. Previously, in Russia, the advantage was clearly given by the concentration of proliferation - socialist gigantomania, but now, if our economy is heading towards a downward path, it is impossible not to know that the success of this path will be We are looking forward to the development of entrepreneurship. In our country, acceptance not only does not deprive the power of sufficient assistance, but most often appears in the harsh resistance of bureaucratic structures and in the underlying structure of the economy that has formed, especially є respect for great enterprises. The entrepreneurial initiative is being stifled by legislative barriers and the lack of protection from various types of Swaville. Therefore, enterprises need a system of reliable statistical monitoring, so that it will be possible to create a clear support program and the development of enterprises, as well as evidence of light development that shows what is in the minds of economic The crisis policy is focused on providing assistance and harmonizing the development of entrepreneurship, giving favorable results to what has already been achieved. balanced economic growth. Small business as a warehouse of daily production has a lot to do with supporting the competitive tone of the economy, creating a natural social support for the huge structure organized in the outposts of the market, and thus forming a new social Entrepreneurs. Everything meant that the abstract was chosen as the most relevant.

The essence of entrepreneurship

Reception is one of the most important warehouse economies. In the countries of the market economy, entrepreneurship is expected to expand widely and become an important part of all forms of organization. Over the past ten years, Russia has had millions of entrepreneurs and rulers. As a result of privatization, the state lost part of its organization and enterprises, and control was transferred to the private sector. Small and medium-sized businesses are becoming the main part of Russian enterprise.

The main tasks of the enterprise include enterprise management, which includes the rational allocation of resources, the organization of the process on an innovative basis and the government's risk, as well as responsibility for the ends and the results of their activities. The suspenseful nature of the enterprise means the activity of new agents, and the presence of great minds in the vast kingdom allows the implementation of functional signs of power. The totality of such minds becomes the center of enterprise, the most important elements of which are economic freedom and special concentration. Economic freedom is the primary sign of an accepting middle class. To realize economic freedom, it is important to have equal access to resources and markets, as well as moral and ethical sanctioning of business activities. i.

Particular emphasis is the main motive for entrepreneurship, which means the security of minds is associated with the removal of results, the removal and accumulation of income and the initial mentality of the entrepreneurial environment.

Types of enterprise

It is important to replace the directness of entrepreneurial activity, the object of reporting to capital and the identification of specific results, the connection of entrepreneurial activity with the main stages of the creative process, rose There are the following types of enterprise:

Virobnich,

Commerce and trade,

Financial and credit

Posrednitske,

Stry.

Virobnichestvo entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is called vyrobnicheskogo, because it itself directly accepts, victorious as officials, and collects objects of sale, produces products, goods, services, robots, information, spiritual values ​​for further and sales (sales) to associates, buyers, and trade organizations.

The manufacturing industry includes the production of industrial and agricultural products of industrial and technical significance, live goods, household goods, transportation of goods and passengers, communication services, and utilities. daily services, generation of information, knowledge, publication of books, magazines, newspapers. In a broad sense, the word “virtual enterprise” is the creation of any kind of bark product that is necessary for people who live with it and that can be sold or exchanged for other goods.

Russia has the most risky employment in the industrial sector, since the structural reform of the economy has not provided the necessary brains for the development of the industrial sector. The main risk is the failure to sell processed products, chronic non-payments, numerous taxes, fees and problems in the development of the manufacturing industry. Also, the development of the virtual business in Russia is driven by the availability of available resources, the lack of internal pressure and the weak level of qualifications of businessmen-cobs, the fear of workers, there are more accessible and easy income options.

By the way, virtual entrepreneurship itself is necessary for all of us: by the way, we can ensure stable success for the businessman-cob. So it’s difficult to be promising, but it’s time to expand your view of the university.

Commercial (trading) enterprise.

The viral business is closely related to the business of the obligatory sphere. In addition, there is a need to sell and exchange other goods. Commercial and trade enterprise, as the main other type of Russian enterprise, is developing at a high rate.

The principle of organizing a trade enterprise is gradually evolving from the market, since the seller assumes the role of a merchant, selling ready-made goods, supplementing them in other ways, profitably (purchasing Qiu). The special feature of the trade enterprise is the direct economic relations of Ukraine with wholesalers and distributors of goods, goods, and services.

Commercial enterprise embraces all types of activities that directly involve the exchange of goods for pennies, pennies for goods or goods for goods. Although the basis of commercial enterprise is to become commodity-penny transactions of purchase and sale, it involves the very officials and resources themselves, as in a commercial enterprise, but on a smaller scale.

To successfully engage in a commercial enterprise, it is necessary to thoroughly know the dissatisfaction of the people around you, react quickly, sell similar products and their analogues. The trade enterprise is more mobile, more flexible, and directly connected with specific partners. It is important that for the development of trade enterprise there are at least two main reasons: a stable supply of goods (therefore, it is necessary to know the market) and a lower purchasing price for goods from manufacturers , which allows merchants to spend their trade and take away unnecessary profits. p align="justify"> Trading enterprise is associated with a very high level of cost, especially when organizing trade in commercial goods.

Financial and credit entrepreneurship.

Financial enterprise is a special form of commercial enterprise, in which the subject of purchase and sale are currency values, national pennies (Russian ruble) and valuable papers (shares, regional Items that are sold by the buyer to the buyer or are sold on credit. In this case, it is not only the sales and purchase of foreign currency for rubles that are important, but also the non-transferred operation, which embraces all the different sales and exchanges of money and other types and pennies, valuable papers for other pennies, Foreign currency, valuable papers.

The essence of the financial enterprise operation lies in the fact that the enterprise acquires the main factor of enterprise in the form of various sums of money (pennies, foreign currency, valuable papers) for a single penny sum in lasnik koshtiv. The additional kosts are then sold to buyers for a fee that exceeds a penny sum, a coin is spent on the purchase of these kosti, as a result of which a profit is created.

In the case of a credit enterprise, the enterprise receives penny deposits, paying depositors to the city in the form of a deposit sum together with further repayment of the deposit. The money received is then available to the purchasers of loans under the credit balance at once from further deposits. The money received is then seen from the bank to purchase loans under a certain amount that exceeds the deposits. The difference between the deposit and credit deposits and the income of creditor-entrepreneurs.

For the organized fifant-credit pydprimnitva, the system was specially tired: Komerzihiyni Banv, fіnservskoye-credit of the pirmi (fіrommy, birzhi that is the specialized organiza). The entrepreneurial activity of banks and other financial and credit organizations is regulated by both statutory legislative acts and special laws and regulations for the Central Bank of Russia and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Subject to legislative acts, activities on the market of valuable papers may involve professional participants. The power under the name of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation also acts as an authority over the market of valuable papers, the role of which is played by the subjects of the Russian Federation and municipalities, releasing at similar prices them paperv.

Intermediate enterprise

Mediation is a business in which the entrepreneur does not trade and sell the goods, but acts as an intermediary, a safe haven in the process of commodity exchange, in commodity-penny transactions.

The intermediary is a person (legal or physical) who represents the interests of the employer or the employee, but is not the same. Intermediaries can conduct business activities independently or act on the market on behalf of (by proxy) distributors and associates. Wholesale consumer-consumer organizations, brokers, dealers, distributors, stock exchanges, commercial banks and other credit institutions act as intermediary organizations in the market. tsії. p align="justify"> Intermediary business activity carries a significant amount of risk, therefore, the intermediary establishes in the agreement the level of prices, the insurance level of the risk during these intermediary operations y. The main task of the mediator is to meet two points for the mutual benefit of the parties. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm that the middle ground lies in this service for the skin on these sides. For the provision of such services, the employer takes away income and profit.

Insurance business.

Insurance acceptance lies in the fact that it is accepted in accordance with the law and the contract guarantees the insurer the recovery of surpluses from the inheritance of untransferred loss of property, valuables, health, life and other types of expenses for I will pay a fee when placing an insurance contract. Insurance is due to the one who takes out the insurance contribution, paying insurance only for the existing conditions. Since the income from such conditions is small, the part of the deposits that were lost generates subsidiary income.

Insurance business is one of the most risky types of activity. At that very hour, the organization of insurance business activity gives a clear guarantee to insurers (organizations, businesses, individuals) to waive the penalty compensation whenever there is a risk in the activity that This is one of the developments in the minds of the edge of civilized enterprise.

Forms of enterprise

In line with civil legislation, the most extensive organizational and legal forms of enterprise are:

Individual entrepreneur without legal entity approval

Partnership with interconnected sub-distance (TOV)

Close the joint stock partnership (ZAT)

Virobnichy cooperative

Povne camaraderie

Teammate partnership

An individual entrepreneur without the approval of a legal entity as a subject of enterprise has a low priority. In advance, we know that we have all the enormous rights. This includes the development of the banking and currency accounts of the bank, the export and import of goods and services as a subject of foreign economic activity, the establishment of any agreements with any companies and individuals, etc. At the same time, respecting the fact that cats are a special authority, the tax inspection cannot be removed without a court decision and, apparently, without the knowledge of the acceptance of the cat from its rozrukhunka. It is important that the registration of an individual entrepreneur is much simpler and faster than the registration of legal entities, since it is not necessary to create a statute, an establishment agreement, and legal address. Another significant advantage is the simplification of the system of appearance and visibility of an individual enterprise. It is quite simple and practically accessible to any person. In addition, an individual entrepreneur does not pay any taxes, such as taxes on added property. As always, there are a lot of advantages and shortcomings, which can be attributed to the inability of the mother’s staff to sign an employment contract, and contractual work contracts can be arranged with the people. As one can only say that an individual entrepreneur is responsible for his duties with all his responsibility, against which he may be constrained. It should be noted that any prosecution can be carried out only after the decisions of the court.

Apparently, there are much more advantages than shortcomings, so this form of enterprise will be more profitable. A partnership with an interconnected quality is recognized as a state-owned partnership founded by a number of individuals, the statutory capital of which is divided into parts of the size determined by the statutory documents; The participants of the partnership do not bear responsibility for their duties and bear the risk of profits associated with the activities of the partnership, between the limits of the value of the deposits made by them.

A limited partnership has the same organizational and legal form as a limited partnership. Registration of the organizational and legal form of a business under this name is subject to re-registration (registration of statutory documents under the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Law on Partnerships with Interconnected Division) for lines up to 1 line nya 1999r.

A joint stock partnership is a commercial organization, the statutory capital of which is divided into a number of shares in order to ensure the mandatory rights of the participants of the partnership (shareholders) of the partnership. Limited shareholder partnerships (BAPs) are often created in order to get more money from shareholders for organizing business activities by issuing shares from high sales. Having released a large number of shares at nominal value (the same as those indicated on the share itself) and sold them to shareholders, the company invests the proceeds in its entrepreneurial activities , yak, from your Chergu, bring a profit. The proceeds are distributed among the shareholders according to the number of shares of each shareholder and in accordance with the decisions taken on the illegal collection of shareholders. Shares in a private limited company may be sold by the shareholder at a price that is subtracted from par. Shares of certain joint stock companies may be listed at a price (the share price is periodically adjusted) on the stock exchange (a special facility created for the sale of shares, bonds, bills and other other papers).

If you close a joint stock partnership, you cannot release your shares to the public. Shares of a closed joint stock partnership can be sold to communities other than shareholders, if an additional share is carried out, or if one of the shareholders is obliged to sell their shares, for the sake of There are no expected benefits for other shareholders (except for the important right to purchase shares).

You can close a joint stock partnership at the stock of shareholders up to 50 persons. After reaching this figure, close the joint stock partnership and it may be re-registered when it is opened. Before the establishment of Law of the Russian Federation No. 208 “On Joint Stock Partnerships”, joint stock partnerships were defined as an organizational and legal form in the form of ATZT - a closed-type joint-stock partnership and ATVT - a closed-type joint-stock partnership. When the establishment documents of joint stock partnerships are in accordance with the Civil Code and the Law on Joint Stock Partnerships, most of them have changed the name of the organizational and legal form from ATVT and ATZT to VAT and ZAT. The identity of a Closed Joint Stock Partnership and a Partnership with an interchangeable responsibility lies in the fact that the participants (lords) of the Partnership with an interchanged responsibility have the right to a portion of the mine that belongs to the Partnership, Before their investments in the statutory capital, the shareholders of the Closed Joint Stock Partnership purchase a small number of shares. In this way, when leaving a Partnership with an exchanged shareholder, a participant can alienate his share of the Partnership’s mine physically, and when leaving a Joint Stock Partnership, a shareholder can only sell his shares, and If the corporate partnership is closed, then the right to purchase shares will be overridden by other shareholders. From the investment it is necessary to close the joint-stock partnership with a stable organizational and legal form, the lower Partnership with the same type of activity, the fragments upon the exit of the participant (shareholder) of the joint-stock partnership (ownership materials, etc.) does not promote alienation.

A partnership is recognized as a partnership in which the participants (or partners) are required to engage in entrepreneurial activities in the name of the partnership and bear responsibility for its obligations , what should I do? The responsibility of the participants in the duties of a mutual partnership arises after the possibility of the partnership itself is exhausted by its own (collapsible, similar) lane. If this is not enough, responsibility for the duty lies with the participants in the general partnership. If most participants do not have enough time, then those participants who have enough time will answer the question.

The diversity of participants (recurring partners) of a command partnership is similar to the diversity of participants in a permanent partnership, the diversity of investors (limited partners) is reflected only in the risk of loss of the deposit. When dividing the income of a command partnership, the team members have the right to receive hundreds of income, provisions for the limited partners in the establishment agreement, and at the same time, for the new partners, the distribution of the income is necessary for the decisions of secret collections. A partnership with additional validity is recognized on the basis of one and the same number of individuals as a partnership, the statutory capital of which is divided into parts of the size determined by the statutory documents; The participants of such a partnership jointly and severally bear subsidiary responsibility for their activities with their mine, however, in a multiple amount for everyone up to the value of their investments, which is indicated by the establishment documents of the partnership. If one of the participants goes bankrupt, responsibility for the partnership's obligations is divided among the participants in proportion to their contributions, as there is a different procedure for dividing responsibility without transferring the partnership's founding documents. Participants of the partnership with additional responsibility bear responsibility for the obligations of the partnership not only in the amount of deposits made to their statutory capital, but also in their other fields in the same multiple size for all and until the completion of their deposits.

The vegetable cooperative (artilla) recognizes the voluntary association of communities on the basis of membership for large-scale farming and other government activities (virgination, processing, industry, agriculture, etc.) our products, trade, trade, daily services, provision of other services), based on our special labor and other participation and shared by its members (participants) of the main share deposits. By law and the founding documents of the cooperative, the share of its legal entities may be transferred. The vegetable cooperative is a commercial organization. The share of the cooperative is formed from the shares of its members. The share can be made as if it were a penny sum, and through the transfer of mining rights (for example, rights to a lease). Decisions regarding collections from the mine of the cooperative may be seen as overpowering, since the withdrawal of a member from the cooperative does not impede the process of alienation. The provisions regarding undivided power may be included in the statute of the agricultural cooperative.

The division of income from the industrial-state activities of the industrial cooperative is proportional to the labor participation of its members, and not separately from the membership shares.

Problems and prospects for the development of entrepreneurship

In today's Russia, the foundations of democratic reforms and the molding of market wines have been exhausted. You can talk about the fact that millions of Russian citizens are engaged in entrepreneurial activities, which gives a significant economic and social effect. However, if we look at the potential of our partnership, there is still not enough supply for the enterprise sector in the valuable market economy. Thus, per 1000 Russians there are in the average less than MP, while in countries that are members of the European Union there are no less than 30.

The development of entrepreneurship in the regions of the Russian Federation faces numerous problems, which are most importantly typical:

· Availability of active financial and credit mechanisms and material and resource support for the development of small businesses

· gaps in decorous legislation, especially tax law

· Lack of resources, ahead of financial ones

· Difficulty in accessing business information - information about a product, competitor, etc.

· unregulated nutrition related to the protection of the rights of workers employed by small businesses

· The presence of a positive image of the chemical enterprise

· Instability of the economic situation in the region

· The absurdity of great business

· Access to credit resources and high lending rates (22%)

· Legal illiteracy of the entrepreneurs themselves

· The presence of obvious development of vibrancy

· The level of the unified social tax is high (26%)

· Lack of human resources

· Trival of documentation, especially for land

These are the problems of the broad “shadow” sector of entrepreneurial activity, the complexity and confusion of regional legislation, high administrative barriers that delay the entry of new firms, and the lack of taxes access from small businesses to regional and local budgets.

Entrepreneurs also point out the problem of high tax rates, the complexity and confusion of the tax system, the complexity and lack of thoroughness of the legislation that registers enterprises, that regulates their activities, for example, certification As for products, licensing, etc. When the level of entrepreneurial activity changed, the name “administrative bariers” came into play.

Cause problems

The growth of entrepreneurial activity in Russia is associated with low difficulties and costs.

First of all, the legislative basis for enterprise is being formed in an unsystematic manner. Business in Russia originates and develops in the minds of a lot of confusion and inevitably high tax rates, which add a significant part to the final result of the activity.

In other words, freedom of the ruler's activity, agreements and the unification of the monopoly organization of the government, which cannot be subject to arbitrary decisions, the remaining economic structures of Russia have been created as monopolies for decades.

Thirdly, the commodity-penny exchange in Russia is even more difficult due to the lack of financial and credit balances, as well as high rates of inflation.

The crisis in Russia, like an iceberg for a ship in the ocean, turned out to be uninsuranced. The change of orders one by one further confirmed the impossibility of their struggle for the sustainable development of the economy of our region. The main signs of this were the political crisis of the power system in the pre-perestroika period. The travail of strangulated initiative in all aspects of marriage has led to a renewed abandonment of her in all relationships.

An accepting spirit may permeate, permeate, the entire organizational and economic system of regions and its economic entities. For which all the ministers of the regional administrations may learn to receive training.

The businessman's demands on his business lead to problems that are important to the very people who are responsible for his business.

In our country, the role of business is inevitably growing. The adoption of the company poses such important problems in the current economy as:

· Without costly capital investments, it is possible to expand the production of a wide range of related goods and services from local sources;

· Create a mind for cultivating the work force that flows into great enterprises;

· Accelerate scientific and technological progress;

· Create a positive alternative to the criminal business and many others.

In its activity, a small business is faced with a very large number of problems that interfere with its development. Recognizing the importance of the role played by small enterprises in the Russian economy during the period, the ruling structure is impossible not to support entrepreneurs.

In the reformed Russian economy, even from the very beginning, small enterprises (MPs) took on the role of creators of the new system of government. Today's dominant private sector originated in the small business sector. And it is entirely natural that until now, according to official data, the share of private entities of small enterprises accounts for 84% of private, state and municipal, large enterprises. Small enterprises, accounting for 3.4% of the main assets of the Russian economy and 14% of the number of employees, generate 12% of GDP and provide all the profits of the people's rule. Let’s not talk about the broad ones, but I’m still far from revealing the internal potential of the development of small businesses.

In the 1990s, the share of MP in the global economy of GDP grew steadily. This is a significant fact, especially during the recession, which is troubling in almost all areas of the Russian economy. For official statistical data from the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation, as of January 1, 1996. in Russia there were 877 thousand. small businesses, which employed 8.9 million people (behind the average warehouse), and with secondary employment - 13.8 million people. The Galuzian structure is dominated by trade and intermediary activity, and the regional structure is the Central Economic Region with the core near Moscow.

In the development of small businesses, fundamentally new trends have emerged that have emerged in advance of the current accelerated rate of growth in the number of businesses. Since the beginning of the 90s, MPs were characterized by a steady increase in the number of employees and the number of employees with average values ​​of growth at around 80%, then in 1994. The increase in the number of small business enterprises is less than 4%, and in 1995 There was already a decrease in their number by 2.2%.

Ways to solve problems of entrepreneurship

Obviously, there is universal support for the production and production enterprises of the most important tasks of the local government. The powers and local authorities are obliged, to the best of their ability, to pursue a paternalistic (intercession) policy in favor of virus-producing enterprises, in every way accepting their guilt and development on the territory of the place and region i.

The types and forms of support for virus producers include:

A) the organization will help Sweden and effectively ensure that all the food that is being violated by the manufacturing enterprises in the government structures is destroyed, the creation of equal and fair minds in their competition for the acquisition of state (municipal) resources.

B) Economical support for manufacturing enterprises, which includes:

Encouragement of new species. Before them, such forms of support can be used.

· Tax payment (also based on fees and payments), a form of support that can be given in the event that the amount will be allocated directly to the financing of specific socially significant objects (programs), knowledge with such power.

· Submissions. In this case, responsibilities are established for such taxes as PDV, income tax, main tax, tax for the maintenance of the housing fund. The established reduction can be compensated by: a) increased expenses from the income tax (based on a clear financial breakdown) and b) related short-term contributions to the system of social support for the unemployed.

· The subordinated loan may be given to enterprises classified as “promising” and “medium promising”. The purpose of the subordinate loan is the purchase of new equipment, expansion of production, launch of new production. The granting of a subordinated loan may be accompanied by reconsidered arrangements in order to achieve the planned expansion of the subsupply base.

New industrial enterprises will be obliged to pay taxes (on profits, per capita, on main) by two days. Whose may have a demarcation system.

If the enterprise is created on a manufacturing basis and with the participation of the old manufacturing enterprise as a sponsor, then:

· The old business cannot completely move to the warehouse of the new one (for example, simply by re-registering),

· The transfer of the labor force to the new enterprise cannot exceed a third of the labor force of the old enterprise;

· on the basis of one old enterprise, it is impossible to create more than two new ones, as they make use of the given permissions.

A new agricultural enterprise, so that these crops can be harvested, or the power of the plot of land on which the production will be transferred, or the power of the agricultural labor (several lі, sporudi), where the fermentation is transferred to the flames.

c) information support for pharmaceutical companies.

1. Information about the local business enterprises:

· Basic data about the business (full name, legal status, legal and actual addresses, storage warehouse, service telephone numbers),

· Data about the nomenclature and codification of products that are being prepared,

· Data about the fixed assets of the enterprise (area, legal form of land ownership, future property, social sphere, etc.),

· Information about the temporary idleness of fixed assets, which can be leased, sold, transferred as installation contributions to a new business),

· Information about industrial ownership, which business is ready to sell, rent, lease.

2. information about state and municipal resources:

· News about municipal and regional regulations,

· News about events and types of valuable papers released,

· Approvals for the current budget, including funding limits for various departments and services,

· Confirmations on the river obsyag zalikiv.

The mechanism for implementing these propositions is laid down in a step-by-step manner by the Economic Analysis Committee of the Regional Administration (from a small business):

2. Regulatory and legal security:

· Detailed provisions about the types of support for MP are included in their categories;

3. Formation of the virtual infrastructure:

· New support for small enterprises: rental of mining areas in the fields and ownership of mining enterprises to the regional budget;

4. Information and consultation security:

· Development of a unified information security system in the region;

· Providing MPs with highly qualified and accessible services from various aspects of business activity;

· Conducting analytical, forecasting and other investigations into the problems of small businesses.

However, the development of entrepreneurial activity in Russia is a complex and complex process, and there are a number of specific features that need to be taken into account.

It was said to talk about the need to reorient government policy in the sphere of promoting entrepreneurship for the purpose of radical change in the legal economic and institutional-legal environment of its development, stimulation of diversity These forms of government are consistent with their goals and the establishment of various parts of the economy, strengthening the position of entrepreneurship in the ongoing process of formation of the Russian market, entrepreneurship and private capital. However, it is important that goal-oriented policies must reflect not only the new economic and social realities in the region, which arose as a result of the passage of the lower, This is the point of the economic crisis, and this is clearly a new level of maturity of Russian small businesses themselves.

List of references

1. Bukhvald E.M. Formation of a new system of small business entities//. Entrepreneurship, market and economic growth. – M.: Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2006. – P.30 – 50.

2. Vilensky A.V. Strategy for the formation of a friendly, accepting environment // Entrepreneurship, market and economic growth. – M.: Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2006. – P.7 – 29

3. Runov A.V. Development of the system of financial support for small businesses in Russia // Entrepreneurship, market and economic growth. – M.: Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2006. – P.51 – 69.

4. Busigin A.V. Entrepreneurship Basic course: - M. INFRA-M, 2003.

5. Kaganova V.Sh. Organization of business support. – Academy of Management in the Market, Perspective, 2002.

6. Lapusta M.G. Y.L.Starostin, Male entrepreneurship. - M., INFRA - M., 2001

7. Egorushko A. P. Problems in the development of small businesses in Russia // Finance. – 1999. – N° 12. – P. 9-11

8. Kozlova N. Organizational forms of enterprise: advantages and disadvantages // Small business. – 1998. – N° 1. – P. 15-18.

Busigin A.V. Entrepreneurship Basic course: - M., pp. 98.99

Kozlova N. Organizational forms of enterprise: advantages and disadvantages // Male entrepreneurship, pp. 22-25

Egorushkov A.P. Problems of development of small enterprises in Russia // Finance, Z. 51

Kaganova V.Sh. Organization of business support. - Academy of Management in the Market, Perspective, pp. 105-107.

In Russia, the formation and development of entrepreneurship is peculiar, the most important thing is that entrepreneurship is still an insufficiently developed phenomenon. In Russia and other large socialist countries, this activity (enterprise) has been legally accepted for a decade, in fact, on a daily basis. Free enterprise, starting from 1929. Russia's economy was on fire and the economy was out of control. The state not only did not create economical and legal minds for enterprise, but extinguished them using economical, administrative and criminal methods.

The formation and development of the market economy in Russia changed the social structure of marriage, leading to the emergence of new principles and sociostructural creations. We are talking about hiring clerks and those working behind hiring (91.4% and 8.6% are similar to the structure of the employed population). Among the rest are robot sellers, self-employed workers, members of industrial cooperatives in family businesses, those who are called “robot sellers” according to the Federal Statistics Service. In 2005, the turnover of this group was 894 thousand. osib, or 1.3% of the total employed population. Over the past two years, the won has grown by 83 thousand. osib (0.1%). Thus, Russian entrepreneurs become a little more than 1% of the active part of the population. It is necessary to note that in some private enterprises the number of borrowers is close to 12%, which doubles the acceptance constant of marriage. This shift by Dvorazov, in essence, reveals the main reason for the wealth of the United States.

In Russia, production, especially in production, is at the cob stage. As of today, approximately 4% is occupied by industrial enterprises, financial activities – 3%, and commercial activities – 93%. Business in Russia originated primarily in the sphere of trade, where the main source of income is the difference in prices for the purchase and sale of goods. The expansion of the sphere of entrepreneurs conveys the appearance of people who concentrate great sums in their hands, and in the same term. At this stage, our minds are completely out of business. At the initial stage of reforms in Sweden, the growth of new enterprises was observed in the sphere of finance, intermediary and trade, in addition to the fact that these spheres themselves were insufficiently developed in terms of the standards of market economics. The field of production has retained its highly formed organizational structures. In the minds of the Swedish liberalization of the economy, the Vibuchian growth of the financial sector and the crisis of the financial sector were guarded. These changes also caused a deep gap in the profitability of these sectors in terms of capital investment, and also in terms of the prospects for the reported entrepreneurial efforts. Today, there may be no migration of entrepreneurial personnel who have begun to demonstrate their capabilities in the financial and trading field in manufacturing.

In rich countries, entrepreneurial talent is actively victorious from the shadow economy, and not from the legal economy.

In the guilty countries, the main reason for the development of the shadow economy is the very high level of taxation (for example, in the countries of Western Europe, 40-50% of the monthly income of the average citizen is spent on taxes). Here, part of the shadow economy is estimated at 5-10% of GDP. In countries, the informal sector ranges from 5 to 35% of GDP and now accounts for 1/4 to 2/3 of the employed population. In countries with economies in transition, the reason for the establishment of shadow businesses is the inability of the national government to ensure employment for the population. The evidence shows that as the economic downturn approaches, there is a growing surge in shadow activity. The assessment of the parameters of the shadow economy in Russia is carried out first by Roskomstat and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Following the data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, on the beginning of the 90s. the shadow economy lost 10-11% of GDP; in the middle - 30-45%, for example in the 90s. - Close to 50%. Behind the same data, with the shadow economy, 58-60 million people, 41 thousand. enterprises, half of banks and over 80% of industrial enterprises. I would like to give a lesser assessment to the State Statistics Committee of Russia. During the first stages of reforms, the part of the shadow economy in GDP became approximately 9-10%, in the mid-90s. USA. - 20%, for example - 25%. According to Derzhkomstat estimates, the shadow economy borrows approximately 30 million people. As of today, estimates of the parameters of the shadow economy by Rosstat and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as before, differ by 1.33 times (according to Rosstat, the shadow economy becomes close to 30% of GDP, and according to the data of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - over 40%). This difference is due to the fact that Rosstat, as a shadow insurance company, is not involved in the informal warehouse of the shadow economy, while the Ministry of Internal Affairs takes respect to the illegal warehouse. According to these data, malice is organized that otherwise controls 70% of commercial structures, over 40 thousand. government objects.

The most pronounced reason for the threat to Russian business is corruption. To show the number of experience of the employees, six of them are subject to the intense pressure of local power at the stage of organizing their work, the third is in the process of ongoing activity and even more so. i – at the moment of closure of the enterprise. More than a third of the entrepreneurs believe that the remaining fates have led to the strengthening of the official racketeering. According to the generally low serious expert estimates, commercial structures receive 30 to 50% of their profits directly from the provision of “special” contributions from representatives of the power structure. According to the World Bank, 40% of businesses around the world are concerned about giving swag. In western countries this figure is 15%, in Asian countries – 30%, in LIC countries – 60%. In terms of corruption, Russia ranks 128th out of 158 among the least corrupt powers. The high level of malfeasance and corruption in the country coincides with the civilized development of business and the influx of foreign investment.

Without the creation of economic, political, legal and other minds, it is important for the free enterprise of Russia to emerge from the deep economic crisis and enter the world economy as an equal partner. Entrepreneurship can act as the most important official at the beginning of the decline of production, and then, as a result, the main impulse of economic growth. Countries with a damaged market economy pursue an active policy of supporting entrepreneurs. In the formation of a friendly, accepting environment, the role of the current state is great. A necessary mechanism for support and development of adoption. Under such a mechanism, we understand the totality and efficiency of ensuring stable, fair mutual relations between the state and the ruling entities. These norms and duties allow you to independently and profitably work, compete with other structures, pay necessary taxes to the state budget, withdraw your own aid from state organizations without giving them internally Our information about the enterprise.

Identify different approaches to the concept of adoption in modern economic science; the significance of the peculiarities of the enterprise as a factor of generation; describe the legacy of entrepreneurial activity; analyze the historical evidence of the development of enterprise in Russia and formulate the main features of enterprise at the stage;

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Course work

from the discipline "Microeconomics"

on the topic of: " Entrepreneurship in Russia: problems and prospects for development»

Entry…………………………………………………………......

Chapter 1. The essence and role of economics……

1.1. The origin and development of entrepreneurship………….

1.2. The essence of the acceptance of a production official……..

1.3. See the forms of enterprise………………………

1.4. Functions of the enterprise……………………………………

Chapter 2. Problems and prospects for the development of entrepreneurship

In Russia…………………………………………………………….

2.1. The main problems in the development of entrepreneurship in Russia.

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………

List of Wikorista literature……………………………………...

Enter

In the current economic system, entrepreneurship is one of the primary elements, the basic structures within which the market will be regulated. The medical features of the historical past of Russia, we can talk about those that at this time the formation of entrepreneurship is expected, the parties accept the singing rules of the game. And in this regard, we can talk about the fact that Russian entrepreneurship is heading towards the development of foreign lands, where entrepreneurship in its different form has already been shaped over the course of many centuries. At that time, Musha is divided by the Specifical Special Rosії (geographers, social-teokoniychin, half -tic, Kadrovi Tosh.), Yaki, Islit, Sviy Vidbitok Zokrem, at the rosvitka Pіdprimnitsky Galuzі.

In addition, it is important to note that the current world with its high incomes and current technologies is characterized by constant changes in the business environment. Of high relevance is the analysis of the production line in the enterprise sector and the analysis of the main trends in the development of galusia. Such research, based on a specific theoretical basis, makes it possible to select relevant points in conjunction with the method of giving an additional impulse to the development of entrepreneurship, which may lead to an increase in the kindness of the citizens of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of this coursework is an analysis of the methodological foundations and approaches to the concept of enterprise and its heritage, as well as an assessment of the flow of information in the field of enterprise, problems and development trends.

In accordance with the stated goal, the formulated task of work:

1. identify different approaches to the concept of adoption in modern economic science;
2. the significance of the peculiarities of the enterprise as a factor of generation;
3. describe the legacy of entrepreneurial activity;
4. analyze the historical evidence of the development of enterprise in Russia and formulate the main features of enterprise at the stage;
5. examine the main problems of entrepreneurship;
6. follow the current trends in the development of entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation.

The subject of this course work is entrepreneurship as an economic category.

The subject of this course is to study various aspects of business activity: from theoretical and methodological to practical.

This course work consists of an entry, two sections, the first consists of five paragraphs, the other is divided into three paragraphs, and the rest.

Chapter 1. The essence and role of entrepreneurship in the economy

1.1 Origin and development of entrepreneurship

To understand this, it is necessary to take a short detour into history and see how entrepreneurship has always been accepted and how little respect these concepts have had.

The history of adoption dates back to the Middle Ages. In the middle century, the concept of “acceptor” was used in many senses. We were told before them that they were engaged in foreign trade. At the same time, merchants, traders, craftsmen, and missionaries were also cob-owners. The first scientific meaning of the word “entrepreneur” appeared in the works of the English economist Richard Cantillon. Under the entrepreneur, I understand that the people, as it is in the minds of the people, have a connection with the fact that traders, farmers, craftsmen and other nobles buy at a fair price, and sell at an unknown price. With the gradual development of capitalism, the disintegration of wealth led to the constant withdrawal of unexchangeable profits. The jobs of the entrepreneurs assumed a professional and civilized character.

In Russia, the first signs of entrepreneurship arose in Kievan Rus in the form of trade and in the form of industries. The industrial production of Kievan Rus was at the craft stage. A craftsman's workshop is a separate independent enterprise, and a craftsman is a separate entrepreneur. The first entrepreneurs from Russia are other traders and merchants.The organizers of parades, booths and events, as well as the makers of great events and life-changing projects, were respected by the enterprises.Often, entrepreneurs, being masters of production processes, themselves worked in their own factories or factories. These types of jobs require a significant number of people. Thus, the watchmen of the village walls worked in great teams, the bridge workers worked as layers of wooden beams, and the vicious masters who prepared the masonry shells. These robots were crafted by artels, which, of course, showed inquisitive people.

Thus, at the stage of industrial production in Kievan Rus, they began to supply folding economical containers, which captured the vision of entrepreneur-organizers and significant funds and capital.

The reign of Peter has seen the greatest development of entrepreneurship I When manufactories are being created all over Russia, the girsk, textile, cloth, and linen industries are rapidly developing. The purpose of Peter's reforms is not to promote economic growth, not to improve the prosperity of the people, but to build Russia into a strong power. Textile factories were organized “to buy overseas uniforms” in order to provide the fleet with windshields; Gorsky factories - to provide an army for the armed forces. And the manufactories, which grew out of industries, as they themselves were industries, would prepare products for the market, for the people's economy. For government needs, foreign evidence, new technology, etc. will be required. piecewise "promotion" of manufactories.

Further development of entrepreneurship was driven by the principles of serfdom. That same serfdom system ensured the mind-primus, administrative “promotion” of manufactories, moreover, it was possible to uproot the traditions of sovereign ownership. A serious stimulus for the development of enterprise was the reform of 1861. With regard to serfdom law, a growing trend began, the reorganization of important industries, and the promotion of shareholder activity. Foreign capital contributed to the development and renewal of industry.

The formation of the structure of Russia until the 18th century. I would not become acceptors, as would indicate the third camp of Western Europe. The entrepreneurs did not strengthen themselves from other camps into the surrounding group (Morozov was a boyar, the Stroganovs were villagers). Peter I, accommodating the development of industry and trade, without taking into account that for which a special state is required, moreover, without considering the connection between political rights and freedoms, such development will become the development of trade and industry. The rise to the status of entrepreneurs is beginning to change for Catherine II, who was an ardent devotee of the market economy.

At the hour of liquidation of serfdom in Russia, the process of initial accumulation of capital will end. This appeared in the merchant's wife's income. With the development of transport, and therefore trade connections, there is a difference in prices for goods in different places. A crowd of trading villagers appears as they compete with merchants, driving up prices. The production of goods now gives rise to greater profits, lower trade, and merchant capital moving to industry.

The 90's rocks XIX The century of Russia has already clearly formed the industrial basis of entrepreneurship. On the cob XX For centuries, adoption has been a widespread phenomenon in Russia. The acceptor was molded as a ruler, wanting the infusion of foreign capital and powers to be deprived of significance.

At this time, the labor market was being formed, the shareholder-share form of enterprise was developing, and private joint-stock banks were being opened: Commercial, Land and others. Up to the cob XX century in the Russian economy, two thirds of all industrial products were generated by collective forms of power, shareholders, shareholders, and the remaining third fell on one-sided dominions. In the first half of the 19th century. enterprises were established in Russia as handicraft industries, then. Simple commodity production, but until the middle of the century, remarkably large deposits began to be seen, and thus the transition to the stage of capitalist production began. Particularly profitable were the investments made in the Bavovnyans’ production, trade and credit. The process of monopolization of firms has begun.

Unfortunately, after the end of the First World War and after the completion of the two revolutions “Lute and Zhovtnevo”, Russia took a course towards eliminating market economic ties. All great enterprises were nationalized, production processes and all private enterprises were expropriated.

The new economic policy - nep (1921-1926) - brought a boost to entrepreneurial activity. From the end of the 20s, the renaissance flared up again, and in the 90s its revival began in Russia. From that moment, as private power and entrepreneurial activity began to be renewed, the development of joint stock partnerships, partnerships, and other forms of enterprise began.

Speaking about the current, third stage in the development of entrepreneurship (from the 70s of the last century to the present day), we see five characteristic trends:

- the creation of large-scale organizations and support funds, which allows not only not to extinguish small businesses, but also to preserve their active positions in the regional economy;

- development of basic elements of the information security system for small businesses on the regional level, including the necessary technical and software features, organizational solutions, databases;

- a thorough legislative and regulatory framework for government support for small businesses;

- implementation of innovative processes in small businesses;

- current approach to lending to small businesses.

1.2 The essence of entrepreneurship as a factor of generation

Entrepreneurship is an invisible attribute of market domination. Although the history of entrepreneurship has gone into oblivion, it has recently emerged during the period of formation and development of capitalism, in which entrepreneurship is the basis and the source of prosperity.What is meant by the concepts of “entrepreneurship” and “enterprise”?

The English economist realized this for the first time XVII cob XVIII century Richard Cantillon. In my opinion, an entrepreneur is a human being, as is the spirit in the minds. Jerelom of wealth R. Cantillon, having taken into account the land and labor, which indicate the effectiveness of economic benefits.

As a matter of fact, adoption of these concepts is subject to impersonal interpretation. Highly specialized disciplines include: economics, history, psychology and sociology.

The market economy has changed the thinking of officials as well as the industry. Since in the past they used to steal property, land and capital, today real estate before acquisition comes to the fore. Today, enterprise as a type of activity occupies an important place in the life of a marriage. However, it is difficult to accurately determine this change, since the fragments are closely related to economic, financial activities, business administration and other areas of the market system of government.

p align="justify"> The object of the enterprise is to create the most effective combination of production factors with a method of maximizing income. The creation of a variety of new ways of combining economical resources with the main tasks of the enterprise and upgrading its type of emergency government.

The key concepts of entrepreneurship as a factor of generation are entrepreneurship. And the essence lies in the most effective way to combat other factors of generation. But just like that, if you are a leader in your field, you must go through the stages of development: a) an entrepreneur; b) manager; c) investor; d) leader.

The first stage—entrepreneurship—is the moment of choosing an activity. It is most often indicated by past knowledge, acquired skills, knowledge and other capabilities that people have already realized in one or another form. At this stage, the main task is the search of your client, obtaining and closing the first favors. Most often, all work at the first stage is completed independently or from the earnings of a small number of assistants. The most difficult task in the first stage is managing your time and respect. It is important to set priorities correctly to ensure growth and development of activities.

The other stage is the entrepreneur-manager. The stage of growth and scaling of the company. The turnover that increases increases the productivity. Here the business needs to add structure as it develops. At this point, the main task is to organize effective management, set the goals correctly. Not every person can successfully move to this stage. The main reason is that management is a completely different qualification, which requires special knowledge, expertise and talent. For the highest level of responsibility, it is necessary to recruit professional managers.

Successfully mastering another stage allows the enterprise to accumulate free cash that can be used to collect additional income. At this stage, the entrepreneur already stands as an investor. Vin is expanding his sphere of activity and obtaining the necessary specialists. Or he invests pennies in someone else’s idea. Early evidence suggests that the investor is better off investing in who to trust to manage developments and what strategy to choose. At this stage, the entrepreneur may not take part from the central manager. You can also benefit from monitoring the effectiveness of your investments.

The remaining stage in an entrepreneur's career is leadership. Yakshcho wounded problems, vinikali, viriyshuvili by the blessing of orіntatsiy on the still dosvіd і dosvishi participants Rink, then now the staprim “perchoprokhіdnik” at his own sphere of Business. And he himself directly sets the ruin for others. Leadership is manifested through managing people, and everything else becomes a tool for achieving the goal. Why is it necessary to provide nutrition to a bright new level: how to help the team develop? How to maximize your potential? How to make others happy? In a word, let’s look at the profit and the turnover is no longer enough. This is where “greater” motives and deaths begin to emerge.

The result of the enterprise's services is income. In the economical theory, there are a number of approaches to the designated goal of realizing the profit.

Thus, enterprise income (economic profit) consists of two parts:

1) the normal income of the enterprise, which is included in the warehouse of internal (alternative) income, which is the minimum income necessary for the continued functioning of the company in the selected area of ​​activity;

2) the net income of the enterprise, the part of the profit that will be lost in the ordered enterprise after paying the premium for the position.

From the above-mentioned, it is possible to proceed with an unpretentious development that accepts different levels of development and occupies different points in the process of production. As a dedicated Viconavian, he continues with organizational functions and ends with strategic planning and operational activities.

The subjects of the enterprise may be both private individuals and joint partners. Private individuals become subjects of the enterprise, which means organizing a single-person or family enterprise. Such entrepreneurs can alternate between spending power and vikoryism for hiring money. Before the most important considerations, as for me, please note:

1) independence and independence of the ruling subjects. Whether any entrepreneur is free to make decisions regarding this matter, it is clear that within the limits of legal norms;

2) economical sealing. The main goal of the enterprise is to extract the maximum possible profit. At the same time, about those who follow their own particular interests in order to deprive themselves of a high income and accept the achievement of enormous interest;

3) the ruler's risk and reliability. For any of the most extreme flamboyances of insignificance, the rizik will be forfeited.

These signs of mutual acceptance occur simultaneously.

Take into account the above signs: we can say that adoption is the sum of original views and approaches to making decisions that are implemented in the life of the ruler. The main role here is played by the particularity of the entrepreneur.As a factor of production, production is considered to be a special type of human resource, which can most effectively overcome all other factors of production.Entrepreneurship is not only a matter of occupation, but a mind set, a power of nature.

1.3. Types of forms of enterprise

All different types of enterprise can be classified according to different signs: by type or recognition, forms of power, number of leaders, organizational-legal and organizational-economic forms, stage of recruitment noi praci ta in.Russian specificity in the legislative regulation of individual entrepreneurial activity and those that entrepreneurial activity is possible without the knowledge of a legal entity, and with the approval of such. aapppppppppppppa

In the first episode, a giant (physical person) is registered asIndividual entrepreneur. Individual entrepreneurs are individuals who carry out commercial activities on the basis of authority, which is responsible for them, carefully supervises them and bears full responsibility for their results. 133313313

In another case, there is an active receptionist activity after reaching the statuslegal entity(registering a private enterprise), all activities are carried out under the name of that legal entity (and not under your own name). 64 Private educational activities can be carried out both on an individual and on a collective basis. 77383838388383

Collective enterprise activity is represented in Russian legislation in a great diversity of forms. It is engaged in by commercial organizations that pursue profit capture as the main method of their activity. It is clear to them: 4994400

1. Povne camaraderie- this partnership, the participants of any (or other comrades) must, until the agreement established between them, engage in entrepreneurial activities in the name of the partnership and bear responsibility for its obligations under em. 477888849999949999
2. Partnership on the Internet- partnership, in which order with the participants who act in the name of the partnership, entrepreneurial activities and represent the obligations of the partnership with their main (returning partners), one or more participants-contributor ів (commandists), who are aware of the risk of cash flows associated with activities of the partnership, within the amount of contributions made by them and do not take part in the entrepreneurial activity of the partnership.-2948484777756566565
3. Partnership with interconnected division¦ this is founded by one or more persons of the decree, the statutory capital of which is divided into parts determined by the size of the statutory documents; Participants of the partnership with the same responsibility do not bear responsibility for their duties and bear the risk of surpluses associated with the activities of the partnership, between the limits of the investment made by them.
4. Partnership with additional coverage¦ this is founded by one or more persons of the decree, the statutory capital of which is divided into parts determined by the size of the statutory documents; Its participants jointly and severally bear subsidiary responsibility for their contributions in the obligatory amount to all multiples of the value of their contributions. 959599959995995858
5. Joint Stock Partnership- this is a partnership, the statutory capital of which is divided into a number of shares; Participants of a joint stock partnership (shareholders) do not bear responsibility for their duties and bear the risk of surpluses associated with the activities of the partnership, between the shares that are due to them. A joint stock partnership can be closed - its shares are distributed only among the founders or another previously designated number of people, or we will discover that its participants can alienate the shares that belong to them, without years of other shareholders.
6. Virobnichy cooperative- this is a commercial organization with the status of a legal entity, which is a voluntary organization of communities through the implementation of a comprehensive commercial or any kind of government activity. The power of such a cooperative consists of shares. tsshtsshtsshts

The practice of the Russian government shows that the most widespread forms of entrepreneurial activity at this time are: individual entrepreneurial activity without the creation of a legal entity, private enterprise, limited partnership, joint stock partnership. ohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

In the countries of the market economy, individual entrepreneurs are becoming an important part of all forms of enterprise organization, although their part in turnover is not so significant. One-way enterprise is the simplest form of enterprise. Timing is not less, its breadth is due not only to the simplicity of organization and design, but through a number of obvious advantages - strong motivation, efficiency and flexibility. The butt is divided into dimensions and shape of the presentation of the baby 1.

Fig 1. Diagram division of small and medium-sized enterprises by size and forms of enterprise

Being a single-person ruler, an individual entrepreneur receives all the income he takes away, which in itself is a strong incentive for initiative activity. On the other hand, there is great importance to management activities as it brings satisfaction to the individual, and it promotes a positive outcome for the couple. All this creates strong incentives for entrepreneurial endeavors. Ts9939988

Individual suppliers are closest to the market supply. Working indiscriminately with employees and postal workers, the building workers react quickly to minor fluctuations in the situation. If production occurs on a small scale, it can quickly redirect it towards the production of competitive products. Efficiency and flexibility are the most important advantages of an individual form of entrepreneurial activity.

At the same time, it may be low in the valley. First of all, the whole enterprise is not in a position to organize a large collection of the fragments of its financial exchange potential. In other words, the use of one single human function - management, post-management, financial, marketing and personnel - reduces the effectiveness of care in general, as through the overworld, so And for reasons of limited knowledge, and yet the most significant shortcoming of the individual form of education is the constant state uniformity of education . Don’t hesitate to rob him with your “handy” as a guardian. Even in a legal relationship, a legal entity demonstrates not only the assets of the enterprise, but also its entire mine, and in case of an unfavorable result, it can be spent. The risk is even high and it stimulates the innovative capabilities of individual entrepreneurs. Yschchtssch0ts93888387774

The problems of resource sharing and the high risk that an individual entrepreneur faces may be a strong consideration for the further organization of a partnership. 57757579994004

Partnership (partnership) is a closed type association with a shared number of participants who carry out joint activities on the basis of local authority and take a direct part in management.

Among the characteristics characterizing the partnership are the following:

Fixing warehouse of participants;ы8849499490009487

Share of the enterprise; 74894030874746urvi

The participants bear primary responsibility to the special officer. 949857576

In organizational terms, the partnership, although it implies an agreement between its participants, cannot be satisfied with a simple form of organization. By the way, saving the advantages of an individual entrepreneur, this form gives significantly more opportunities for obtaining resources through an expanded number of participants. The broad mining base allows expanding the possibility of obtaining credit cards, now guaranteed by the mine of all participants. Partnership is, in fact, a specific form of the subdivision. To a significant extent, the sustainability of the enterprise itself is advancing, the foundation of which is now not so much related to the peculiarities of the hairdresser, some of the shares can be transferred to other persons from different participants edit

However, the partnership is not shortened. First of all, the function of managing among the participants of the partnership creates difficulties in the appearance of possible conflicts regarding the regulation of competition between participants, and the struggle for leadership. In another way, the partnership still retains the supra-mundaneity of its participants, although to a large extent it is now conditioned by other people’s favors. All this means that this form of organization of enterprise activity has to be expanded, and it is unusually widened.

Corporation - founded on a shareholding in capital, legal rights and the need for any kind of strengthening of the law and the need for it. The corporate form of organization of the enterprise was formed along the lines of X I The 10th century was marked by significant destruction in the productive forces of marriage. This has become this form, because, on the one hand, it expanded the base for earning financial assets, ensuring the mobilization of capital, and on the other hand, it cut off the share of the economy, which increased enormously in connection with large-scale financial with financial deposits. 04095575664iovrpa

The main economical feature of the corporate form lies in the fact that it acts as a complete form of strengthened power in management and is economically and legally strengthened in relation to the directors and participants, which is fundamentally disrupting the type of one-person enterprises and partnerships. The strengthened power and management provided the corporation with the undeniable benefits that were assumed to be its leading role in the economy. First of all, the reduction of the main population made it possible to obtain investment from a wide range of people, ensuring the payment of the wage within an hour and, therefore, the centralization of capital. In another way, the strengthening of the control function of the power function implied the extreme stability of the corporation as a state of mind, which operates independently of its leaders and participants iv. Thirdly, without a doubt, beyond the minds of the market of valuable papers, the movement of shares through the purchase and sale of shares gives another important advantage - liquidity, then. the possibility of investing money in the penny form, which is extremely attractive for a wide range of potential investors. 98ovorarpap

Of course, given any other form, the corporation also has no shortcomings. First of all, there are organizational difficulties that arise during the preparation and registration of the form, which will require significant efforts and costs. The same short -lived corporate form of organizing є Zavy Podtkiyi, the vinica, at the stars of the illegal illegal and the spochate of the hill, and Potim Dividendin, and the acades are wilted. The possible transparency of the publication of short-term news about the financial system will not only reduce the corporation's exposure to competitors, but will also focus on achieving short-term goals, in order to satisfy the majority of shareholders and attract investors. 009875566rurvpppp

However, the greatest benefit for the corporate form lies between shareholders and stakeholders. Although a corporation is legally owned by shareholders, they are rarely involved in managing it. Most often, their managerial influx is surrounded by elections of key bodies of the corporation and participation in the developed strategy of government activity. Real power appears to be concentrated in the hands of the quarry workers, who are constantly working with the kerivnitsa corporation. This problem can be alleviated with the help of additional tools, both legislative and economic in nature. In the first case, as mechanisms of control over the activities of the industry, and in the other - forms of material incentives as a method of promoting industry in the sphere of shareholders. One thing is clear, the more shareholder capital is depleted, the greater the possibility of malice from the side of the managers. 5988prg46keyor

For entrepreneurial activity in the current market economy, it is characteristic not to differ significantly in organizational and legal forms, but also in different types. Types of recruitment activities may be subject to the following criteria.

1. Depending on the nature of the activity, entrepreneurial activity may include:

• virobniche (related to the production of goods); vorork89
• scientific and technical (development of new types of equipment and technologies);
• trade and intermediary (buying, sales, resale); 8a7a6tp
• service (provision of everyday services); 948k77ara7
• banking (banking services); 848k6arr
• insurance (payment of services for insurance of life, lane, etc.); apovp68your
• management (delivery of management services); 9877atuogran
• advisory (providing consultation with organizational, economic, legal and other authorities); 9877t
• marketing (delivery of services from market); shvgan747
• otherwise. 75889900torap

2. Based on the size (depending on the number of employees and the current turnover of the company), the enterprise is divided into:

• male; zsch94nrag
• middle; ovuga664664839w
• great. 9ka877peoi

3. The form of authority may include:

• private; 092546rrp5
• to the state; 8366vpvpk
• mixed. 8376ioiorv

The classification that has been made is absolutely not useful in government practice, but it can be replaced by highly complex types of entrepreneurial activity.Shua4ek67888rpapvpriov

1.4. Functions of reception

The market economy is based on the integration of a set of enterprise organizations (companies, firms), individual entrepreneurs, and various enterprises. Adoptive organizations include the following functions: external economic, creative and creative (innovative), resource, social, organizational. Actors continue to respect the fact that enterprise is a powerful and political function, which is influenced by associations (unions) of entrepreneurs.

1. ZagalnoekonomichnaThe function of receiving the market economy is determined by the role played by individual entrepreneurs and enterprise organizations as market participants. The essence of the economic function of enterprise is manifested through the expenditure of various resources during the production of goods and services and bringing them to the people (individuals, households, other enterprises, what). Moreover, they act under the influence of the system of economic laws (pop-proposition, competition, price and cooperation, etc.), which is the objective basis for the manifestation of the fundamental economic function ї. In economically developed countries, entrepreneurship has become one of the primary reasons for economic growth, increasing GDP and national income, etc.
2. Creative-poshukova, innovative function | This is another function of entrepreneurship, which is associated not only with the constant adoption of new ideas, but also with the development of new features and factors for achieving set goals. The creative function of the enterprise is closely linked to other functions and is equal to the economic freedom of the subjects of the enterprise and the minds of making management decisions.
3. Resource This function is one of the most important functions of reception. The point is that the enterprise transfers a highly efficient use of all available resources. In this case, both created and uncreated resources, various material and intangible minds and factors of generation are taken into account. An entrepreneur can achieve success only if he knows the most effective scientific, technological and organizational ideas and innovations in his field of activity, and can become highly qualified. The labor force is forged and material resources are effectively recovered. As the remnants of an enterprise that has reached its maximum profit often skimpily approach the accumulation of resources, the power is gaining more importance in the regulating resource function of the enterprise. The history of the development of entrepreneurship clearly shows that enterprises are very rational in approaching powerful or paid resources and absolutely merciless in dealing with huge resources.
4. Social function - its essence is manifested in the fact that any young person can demonstrate their talents and abilities, creating effective functioning in power. This function is most manifested in the processes of forming a new category of people, people who are accepting, who strive for independent government-economic activity, who create and develop power on the right, continuing to rely on unnecessary middle ground. On the other hand, the number of hired workers increases, which is economical and socially dependent on how successful the activity of recruitment organizations is.
5. Organizationfunction - manifested in the adoption of independent management decisions by enterprises related to the organization of power, modernization and diversification, consolidation of the sector of enterprises , participation in great enterprise projects. The organizational function is especially clearly manifested in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, in the development of new enterprise forms (boundary organizations, Internet organizations, “national” enterprises, etc.).

The more effective the functioning of enterprise organizations is, the greater the connection between their funds and the budgets of different countries and state-owned social funds. At the same time, the development of enterprise will ensure an increase in the number of working places, a decrease in unemployment, and an increase in the level of social development of hired workers.

Well, the essence of enterprise is most comprehensively manifested in the combination of all the powerful functions of the government, such as the objective power of civilized enterprise, and there is a lot in what lies within the subjects themselves promotion of enterprise activities, under the system of government support and regulation of enterprises.

Chapter 2. Problems and prospects for the development of entrepreneurship in Russia

2.1. The main problems in the development of entrepreneurship in Russia

The main tasks, which is to set before oneself the Order of the Russian Federation at all times, aresupport and active participation in the development of entrepreneurship. Focusing on the world's evidence, Russian officials often argue that small businesses can and are responsible for making large contributions to the development of the country's economy. However, private business in Russia often faces low difficulties, due to which its developments are not as fast as they might have been. Among the main problems in the enterprise sector today are the following:

1) Lack of thoroughness of legislation:

Instability of the legislative base - constant changes in the rules of business activity are expected. Entrepreneurs have to constantly independently monitor all changes, accumulate and analyze all the information about the revision of laws that is current at any given time;

Historical legislative clearings:

Internal super-policy of laws.

Lack of legal guarantees for the equality of all forms of power and the protection of private power;

Lack of implementation of the purchase and sale process;

the need for proper legislation on land;

The new laws have not been violated. Example: the transfer of donations to scientific organizations and benefits to graduate students and doctors was not put into effect in the established order. The system of accreditation of scientific organizations and certifications, as well as those prescribed by law, does not work.

2) Lack of thoroughness of filing, complexity of filing and accounting information.

The inadequacy of the tax system can have a negative impact on the development of entrepreneurship. This worries entrepreneurs about finding ways to swindle their taxes, which will harm the budget. The flow of tax benefits to the edges of the region, and its positive flow into the development of small businesses is minimal. The procedure for submission, established by the Law of the Russian Federation “On a simplified system of submission, form and visibility for small businesses”, is extended to a small part of small businesses. Entrepreneurs suffer from the monopoly of tax inspectorates on information, especially bylaws, internal instructions and explanatory documents, which are practically inaccessible to tax payers. In the current situation, since taxation is regulated by hundreds of legal acts and instructions, tax officials can clear up all the ambiguities and ambiguities of legislators to benefit the budget.

3) Lack of thoroughness of the financial and credit system.

Even more significant for business is the problem of lack of financial resources, both physical and financial, for expanding activities. According to experts, only a small part of the apparent demand for loans for small businesses today is satisfied. It is especially difficult to cancel a loan for a business owner.The problem of credit is one of the most pressing problems in the development of small businesses. In loans, they are most often advised to rely on frequent changes in the amount of refinancing, increased risks, as well as a high demand for positions, and if a position is given, then a high amount.

4) Unstable political situation

The political situation in Russia, even far from stability, also most strongly encourages small businesses, investment activity of entrepreneurs and allows for strategic planning on the micro-level. There is no doubt that political instability itself is the main obstacle to the influx of foreign capital into the Russian economy, including into the sphere of small businesses. It can be argued that there are a lot of problems in the development of small enterprises generated by the very shortcomings of the government’s economic policy, which indicates the main parameters of the macroeconomic environment.

5) The presence of systems of government and huge support for small businesses.

In the minds of market economics, the interests of the state and related businesses often come into play with the consumer.One of the factors that raises the number of complaints from entrepreneurs is the supranational power of regulation of business activity - the so-called administrative barriers. Administrative barriers are associated with the evil representatives of the royal government, with their transfer of their positions in regulating, in the name of the power, the activities of subjects of the government.The system of government support is neutral regarding any concept of small business development. Within the framework of four federal target programs (ranging from 1994 to 2001), target parameters for the development of small businesses were established and repeatedly achieved. Although many of these federal programs have been funded entirely, the level of funding for programs supporting entrepreneurship is very low.Thus, it can be confirmed that in all spheres of government regulation the situation is far from the goals declared by federal laws; Specific warehouses are not subject to control limits established by law.

2.2. Prospects for the development of entrepreneurship in Russia

At this time, the reception in Russia is in danger of serious changes,Why do stinks occur at various levels: organizational, resource, management. As the current mindset about doing business changes, so does the self-awareness of entrepreneurs and their understanding of the current situation and prospects for business development.

On the basis of the investigation conducted by ANO "NISIPP" 1 The following results were obtained: as of June 1, 2014, the number of registered small businesses in Russia as a whole increased by 3.3% compared to June 1, 2013, the average number of employees in small enterprises increased by 2.8%, and the number of workers in small enterprises increased The average number of people occupied is 23.6%. The turnover of enterprises increased by 5.8%, the increase in investments in fixed capital of small enterprises became 5.5%. Dynamics of the main indicators of the activity of small businesses in general in the Russian Federation in 2008-2013. brought to baby 2.

Rice. Dynamics of the main indicators of the activity of small businesses
in general for the Russian Federation in 2008-2013.

Today, the following trends can be named in the development of entrepreneurship in Russia:

1. State support for small and medium-sized businesses.

Today, the support of small and medium enterprises is one of the most important tasks of the state. The implementation of this can be achieved through additional one-time assistance for the development of high-income businesses by way of targeted subsidies to small businesses or through a system of guarantee funds for the skin surrounding region. Since 1 June 2008, the Federal Law of June 24, 2007 No. 209-FZ “On the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Russian Federation” has gained rank. 2 . One of the key innovations established in the Federal Law is a fundamentally new approach to the criteria for identifying small and medium-sized enterprises.

In the opinion of the fahivts, the creation of numerical programs to support small businesses will not only lead to greater control in the domestic market, but also to develop regional structures. Well, such tactics can and may lead to the formation of a new business climate in the region. Competent financial support for small businesses is essential for its development and prosperity.

In most cases, government financial support for small businesses is directed at newcomers who are going through the start-up period.The 2014 Message from the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Elections concludes: “Also, I, Yaku, Yakna Rich, PIDREMMENME: VSI regions of the Country of Country Podavati Podatatkovi Kanіkuli for the new Malikh Pidprimani, yaki prazuyut at the Vobronichi, social spheres. Singingly, not all governors applaud, but I want to tell you that tomorrow we will pay off with additional expenses for the treasury of the regions and municipalities. There are new enterprises, there just aren’t any of them yet, which means there aren’t any and there will be no budget revenues that will fall. And finally: let’s think about such enterprises, such incomes will appear.

In addition, it is necessary to provide small businesses and individual entrepreneurs with the opportunity to pay taxes and insurance contributions on a one-stop basis. Various payments. You just need to bring them together in one place so that you can pay instantly.” 3

1. Advancement of professional qualifications for entrepreneurs.

Many modern entrepreneurs today are faced with the need to promote their intellectual fervor, to develop new skills and skills, as much knowledge is becoming insufficient for them. for the successful development of the company in the minds of fierce competition and a fragile external environment. Conducting a business in today's minds emphasizes not only occult knowledge about the products or services sold, but specific managerial skills in organizing business processes, financial management, etc. The importance of companies, an understanding of the fundamentals of psychology and their appearance in assessing the behavior of co-workers, competitive partners, and competitors.

Obviously, before practicing rich kernels, you should regularly attend educational programs and trainings, as well as obtain consulting companies. Those companies that actively develop such tools, as a rule, end up winning the competition, and thus end up spending on such approaches.

1. Pragneniya implementation of various types of activities between enterprises.

There are great prospects for outsourcing, which allows you to transfer some of the production functions (often auxiliary) to third-party accountants and companies. The classic uses of outsourcing include hiring a third-party accountant to handle accounting or entering into an agreement with a company for the maintenance of computer equipment. The advantageous factor of outsourcing is that the outsourced service provider provides cost savings, a higher rate of service for specialization, cheaper labor or economies of scale. According to data from a comprehensive study by Marketvisio and Orange Business Services, conducted in 2012, 37% of large Russian companies at that time were already pursuing at least one of the direct outsourcing activities - the transfer of functions from the IT sector. 4 It is also agreed that in such a great company as LUKOIL, the outsourcing of many processes began in the 2000s. In due course, business processes such as transport services, logistics, IT services, and accounting services were introduced into an independent structure 5 .

We have great prospects for the development of diversification of business functions. Today it is possible to establish micro-companies with high turnover, which do not have management on permanent staff. This suggests a broad functional business structure.

1. Initiation of entrepreneurship as a new type of entrepreneurship

Nina is currently actively developing the lighting component, oriented toward entrepreneurial partnership. Various advanced training courses, trainings, seminars and master classes are regularly conducted, aimed at developing skills and abilities that are important for successful employment in the career field.The creation of the Trans-Galno-Russian community organization “SUPPORT OF RUSSIA” can be brought to the brightest applications. 6 . The organization “SUPPORT OF RUSSIA” is a platform for effective professional dialogue among government officials and workers of small and medium-sized businesses and representatives of federal bodies of the past government, regional government and municipal authorities authorities, control bodies, infrastructure supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as representatives of expert competence. With the direct participation of “OPORI ROSI”, a number of federal laws were dismantled and adopted: on the protection of competition, on the development of small and medium enterprises, on the administration of cash registers for UTII payers, on the preferential privatization of small enterprises receptions and others. anti-plagiarism

Let us also become a good butt by becoming the Megaplan project, whose founder is Mikhailo Ukolov (MESI graduate) -young entrepreneur, director and senior managerthe project has been created software security for business management www.megaplan.ru 7

1. Actively promoting new Internet technologies.

Under Internet technologies, businesses understand electronic commerce and electronic business. Nina, electronic commerce is successfully developing in the world, including electronic banking. It operates in a fundamentally new medium, information in its nature of the global computer network of the Internet.The rise of personal computers and Internet technologies has inevitably led to the emergence of a digital market space, where local goods are gradually moving from traditional markets to comfortable living in booths and offices. Electronic transactions can now take place between virtual representatives of organizations around the world, electronic penny flows can now pass securely between international banking accounts, and be received by electronic mail.Anti-plagiarism, anti-plagiarism, anti-plagiarism, anti-plagiarism

Visnovok

Behind the evidence of the investigation carried out, one can come to the conclusion that entrepreneurship in Russia today is experiencing an extremely important stage of its development. It appears that business is gradually changing from the complex recession of the 90s, increasingly moving into a civilized framework, new trends are emerging related to current technologies, active use of Internet resources and the revelation of new business formats.

Within the framework of the development of low positive trends and the minimization of possible risks that could cause an increase in the entrepreneurial activity of the community, the emphasis is placed entirely on the current moments: anti-plagiarism

1. Development of the legislative basis. Legislation is constantly changing, but most often other changes are different and are not integrated into the fundamental concept (for example, praise for programs for the development of small businesses and the immediate increase in taxes for individuals ideal entrepreneurs). It is important to identify a hidden strategic direction within the framework of legal regulation of this area. Anti-plagiarism
2. Development of communication measures in the middle of the reception team. It is important to avoid any persistent perception of competitors as “a negative character that needs to be fought against.” However, the most effective tools are those of interaction and cooperation with potential opponents.
3. Next, the lighting component will be expanded. Moreover, it is important to involve in this process, not just now, young people who plan to start a business, who easily accept the new “rules of the game”, and the proven entrepreneurs who do not lose knowledge and skills in the minds of the middle class, change.

Small business provides the necessary mobility in the minds of the market, creates deep specialization and cooperation, without any inconceivable high efficiency. This is a great way to quickly capture the niches that are emerging in the living sphere, and will quickly pay off. And also to create an atmosphere of competition and an environment of enterprise, without some kind of market economy it is impossible.apaprvvupaarisisisisisis

Although enterprises in the country will still be free from a large number of problems, and will still be able to achieve a more economical development, the reform of the economy is still worrying, which will bring about the development of a new model of the economy. economical development, which has a market orientation. The current policy of the state increasingly emphasizes the dominance of the private sector, the liberalization of almost all areas of the economy and the activation of market regulators, the localization of crises, and the focus on payments the opportunistic drinker, then the creation of the friendly minds of the Swede will rise to industry.Pprprshkk8orplnkepchmaasirpnnnnnkn

It is important to understand that modern entrepreneurship is a whole philosophy, a style of living, a set of habits and a set of principles. And most importantly - the destructive power of specialness, which manifests itself in self-development, new ideas, the determination to integrate them into life, as well as the readiness to take on responsibility.

List of Wikilists

Regulatory acts

1. Federal Law On the development of small and medium enterprises in the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2007 N 209-FZ (as amended, dated 12/28/2013)
2. Federal Law On the protection of the rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs under current state control (visually) and municipal control dated December 26, 2008 N 294-FZ (as amended on October 14, 2014)

Monographs, handbooks and basic handbooks

1. Abdikeev N.M. - Internet technologies of economics knowledge. Podruchnik Grif UMO of universities of Russia. M.: Infra-M, Series: Vischa osvita, 2012. 448 pp.: hard cover, ISBN 978-5-16-003767-7, Volume: 1.
2. Aleksiev V.V., Matveeva L.D. , Kabanova E.E.; History of Russian entrepreneurship: Basic handbook / Ufa branch: Ufimsk. holding Academy of Economics and Service, 2009. 134 p.
3. Baronin S.A., Reznik S.D., and in; Fundamentals of administrative activity: place of activity, responsibilities and competence, prof. kar'era: Uch. sat down / For zag.ed. prof. Reznika S.D. - 2nd type. - M: INFRA-M, 2012-222 pp.: 60x90 1/16. (IN).
4. Gorfinkel V.Ya., Polyak G.B., Shvandar V.A.;Entrepreneurship: head. Vidavnitstvo M.: UNITI-DANA, 2011 581 p.
5. Kruglova N. Yu. Fundamentals business (Enterprise): assistant / N.Yu. Kruglova. M.: KNORUS, 2010. 544 p.
6. Lapusta M. G., Porshnev A.G., Starostin Yu.L.; Entrepreneurship: Podruchnik / Ed. Lapusti M.G. - 2nd view, Vipr. ta add. - (Series "Vishcha osvita") [Text]/- Moscow: Vidavnichy Dim "INFRA-M", 2002. - 520 p.
7. Okeanova Z.K. Fundamentals of economic theory [Text]: Basic handbook/: Vidavnichy Dim "FORUM"; Moscow: Vidavnichy Dim "INFRA-M", 4 types, revised. ta add. – K.: 2008. – 652 p.
8. Poletaev V.E. Business in Russia: innovation and modernization project: Monograph. M.: INFRA-M, 2013. 624 p.

Materials of scientific research

1. Gribov V.D. Methodological planting of the formation and development of enterprise structures for the minds of the market” - a dissertation for the development of the scientific level of Doctor of Economic Sciences.

Publications in periodicals

1. Business newspaper "Opora Rossii" Issue No. 73, Lutiy 2013 Roku.

Internet resources

1. http://www.nisse.ru - National Institute for Systematic Research of Entrepreneurship Problems
2. http://www.rg.ru/2007/07/31/biznes-doc.html - Federal law dated 24 June 2007 N 209-FZ "On the development of small and medium enterprises in the Russian Federation"
3. Message from the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Elections
4. http://www.crn.ru/news/detail.php?ID=67718-Press service of Orange Business Services
5. http://www.eae-consult.ru/ru/experts/2274/smi/2285/index.htmlRelevance of logistics outsourcing
6. http://opora.ru - Information portal of the Russian huge organization “Support of Russia”
7. https://www.megaplan.ru - Great lighting project for the Megaplan business

1 http://www.nisse.ru/work/projects/monitorings/small-business/small-business_50.html

2 http://base.garant.ru/12154854/

3 http://www.kremlin.ru/news/19825

4 http://www.crn.ru/news/detail.php?ID=67718

5 http://www.eae-consult.ru/i/upload_img/files/)/1/2285_1346068460_CHebanova__Statya_AKTUALNOST_ LOGISTICHESKOGO_AUTSORSINGA_DLYA_KRUPNIH_KOMPANIY___(1).pdf

6 http://opora.ru

7 https://www.megaplan.ru

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The adoption, both small and middle, of the Russian economy, from the looks of it, has become somewhat more complete in format, has not revealed great potential possibilities. Historically, in suspense-economic systems, the value of small and medium-sized businesses is by no means limited by economical characteristics. The most important significance of marriage may be both political and social motives. As practice shows, the middle class, which “generates” a lot of small and medium-sized businesses, is the support of family stability. Social polarization inevitably gives rise to “class” antagonisms, sharply limiting, in our opinion, the ability to handle husbandry processes using the classical methods of “carrot and bagel”: there is even a difference in the reaction of different faiths of the population at the same time and how the power lives in the economy.

The research materials focus on the economic aspects of business. Basic nutrition - the role of enterprise, placed in a new state.

Already at the stage of transition, the following were adopted: the Law of the SRSR “On Individual Labor Activity” (19 November 1986) and the Law “On Cooperation in the SRSR” (26 May 1988), which put an end to the monopoly of state power on the production sector va. The Law of the Russian Federation “On Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Activities” (25 January 1990) was soon to be adopted, which opens up new possibilities for the mutual exchange of workers and robot sellers. Apparently, before this law, it was allowed to engage in entrepreneurial activity as an individual (the official Civil Code of the Russian Federation calls citizens who engage in entrepreneurial activity without establishing a legal entity, individual by enterprises - IP), and from the established conditions of the hired work.

A lot of time has passed since that time, during which authoritative huge and state structures were created to support small and medium-sized businesses. They include: Russian agency for supporting small and medium-sized businesses, created in the form of ZAT in 1992. for the initiative to the Government of the Russian Federation and for the promotion of the Know-How Foundation to the Government of Great Britain; Transgalno-Russian community organization of small and medium-sized enterprises “Support of Russia” (2002); Rada for the support of small and medium enterprises under the Head of the Federation since 2004; a special commission under the Government of the Russian Federation to support small businesses, which the first deputy prime minister has advocated since 2008. and other institutions. Because of this, small and medium-sized businesses do not feel sufficiently protected, especially in the face of “unfriendly” ones, and at times of unsatisfactory visits from the side of the state.

Let's analyze the situation based on the simplest characteristics of small and medium-sized businesses - their scale, dynamics and Galuzian structure. We will hold this year in 2011. Rosstat provides the federal statistical protection for the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in 2010. in Russia there were 4.6 million government entities, including 2.9 million individual entrepreneurs and perhaps 1.7 million legal entities. The employment of small and medium-sized businesses in the sphere of wholesale and retail trade is ~ 40%, in operations with permanent mines and rentals - 21.1%, in the spheres of everyday life - 11.1% (small legal entities), a type of brown copalin and general virobnitstv – 10 7% (small business).

The number of people employed in small domestic businesses is estimated at 25.2% of all workers. Revenue from goods, operations and services will reach approximately 28.5%. Investments in fixed capital – close to 10%, the share of fixed assets at the end of 2010. contributed 5.9% to the total share of fixed assets in the economy. According to the Committee's data on economical policies, innovative development and enterprise, which will remain until the beginning of 2013, there are six million small and medium-sized businesses operating in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses. enterprises that employ over 17 million people, including individual entrepreneurs. Tsomu has 18 million people. work in the shadow sector.

This means that the scale of small business in Russia cannot yet be compared with similar indicators in wealthy other countries. In some parts, Russian GDP is close to 20%, while in the US, EU, and other Asian countries this figure is in the range of 40-70%. The share of borrowed money from small and medium-sized companies in the countries of the European Union, the USA, and Japan on average becomes close to 50-70% of the total economically active population, in Russia – less than 25%.

The reasons for the weak development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia are rich and varied. One of the most obvious is the cob stage. At the same time, the lack of respect for the state for the past three years, even during the post-Soviet period, up to the needs of small businesses, although it may sound paradoxical, is connected with the very fact that it is “small”. One way, if hundreds of great organizations, which are built especially on the Russian economic foundation, will provide an important part of the budgetary expenses, otherwise, if it is necessary for millions of companies to become a tiny part of the state treasury. At the same time, these millions, starting from the right, as a rule, from pure arcoosh, demand undying respect and encouragement from the powers.

The advantages of small forms of adoption over others are clearly highlighted by their greater flexibility and adaptability to minds that change, including crises. We respect, first of all, the price and assortment policy, as well as logistics. Golovna, on our duma, Pole in that, Maliy Bisha, “Middle to the people”, forgetting the yogo of consuming that, the borrowing of the population, Yogo reaches without a special itching, the form of the huge “Spirit Initivity”.

The potential of a small business, in our opinion, can be revealed at the expense of the estate, the state, the budget for the evidence of the singing minds, which are significantly shaped by the power, financial structures. Among them: socio-economic stability is political, protection of private power, positive mutual relations between business and power, a faulty legal environment, information and communication infrastructure is necessary, the presence of administrative barriers, de-bureaucratization, a merciful and selective tax policy, access to financial resources, the possibility of adding seed capital, special support approaches, crime protection. Its prevalence or inconsistency are driving factors in the development of small businesses.

One of the most important problems in the development of Russian entrepreneurship is the issue of marriage. For young people, when choosing a career, image plays a significant role. It may seem surprising, but in 2013, since almost a quarter of a century has passed since the change of the suspense system in Russia, most Russians still do not believe that they can honestly earn great pennies for the brains of creativity honor, initiative, conscientiousness, self-sacrifice. This is the opinion expressed by 73% of respondents based on the results of the Levada Center survey. The test was carried out on April 19-22, 2013, around the middle of 1.6 thousand. chol. in 45 regions of the Russian Federation, loss of education is reported in 3.4%. The results of the experiment are shown in Fig. 1.

For all the difficult development of entrepreneurship in Russia, which is far from being known, the first years of market exchanges in the country, to give a negative “image” for them, are characterized by the obvious development of entrepreneurship. Some characteristics of this period are shown in Fig. 2.

There is a sharp decline in the number of individual entrepreneurs (without a legal entity) since 2005. Since 2004, then, more than everything, this is due to the re-registration that took place in 2004, a change in the registration system, since it began to keep track of records entered into the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs iv.

We are moving towards new trends in the development of small and medium enterprises. The rating of the friendliness of the business environment “Doing Business-2012”, which is highly ranked by the World Bank and the International Financial Corporation (IFC), was published in 2011. Russia sat 120th place, fate earlier - 123rd place.

The results of the rating confirm that Russia is not a leader in the formation of friendly minds for doing business. Moreover, the assessment of international experts largely avoids the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe vicious administrative strength. VTsVGD prepared the report for 2012. “About the business climate in Russia” for the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. The participants of the study (companies - members of the RSPP) were asked to evaluate the host climate in Russia, the level of protection of private power, mutual business and ownership, and evaluate the tax incentive for 2012. What is the issue with power, 45.6% (58% in 2011) of entrepreneurs respect that power is placed before business as a “gamanian”, 28.4% (36%) – as before a young partner and 24.3 % (22%) – like a living middle ground for corruption. Assessing the demand for business, the majority of respondents (49.7%) indicate that the market has grown.

The place of small business in Russia today is not equal to its potential opportunities, and is connected, in our opinion, with the inconsistent policy of the state, a change in the conceptual view of its role in benefits and savings. It’s important that it’s the beginning of the 90s. Over the past century, the interest in small and medium-sized businesses has renewed and strengthened. There is an attempt to reduce the administrative pressure (changes in the number of verifications, simplification of procedures and schemes for creating small businesses, withdrawal of licenses, easier entry into the market), the formation of special supply regimes, the introduction of special rules g, including when lending, easier access to financial resources, creation special approaches to budgetary support.

All these actions, incredibly, create a new, friendly, atmosphere of enterprise. Although the administrative strength evaluates most often the effectiveness of the approaches that are experienced in a manner that is insufficient, and the approaches themselves are superficial.

The current cycle of far from unambiguous initiatives of the power before the takeover begins, in our opinion, in 2011. To the most significant traces, please include the following. In mid-2012 Vlada announced that government support for small and medium-sized enterprises is planned to be sent in the form of subsidies to the budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation in 2013. 21.8 billion rubles, in 2014 and 2015 rubles. - 23 billion Nar. These are the sums of money that are being spent on subsidizing expenses for leasing property and innovative projects to support residents of private parks (subsidies for the purchase of inviolability or covering expenses for renting a park on which it shows the virtual activity of the enterprise).

Since today 2014 Having adopted the law on the Federal Contract System, which gives small businesses the same preferences as the purchasing authorities. For the rare reason of defense and national security of the region, tax collectors are required to be located in the system of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as socially oriented non-profit organizations of at least 15 % of the total river obligation is agreed upon (the upper limit is not determined), the initial price of the contract does not have to be exceeded 20 million rub. Behind the minds of the dignified 94-FZ, agreements were agreed to be limited by quotas of 10-20%, and the NMCC - 15 million rubles. .

U travni 2013 r. The President of the Russian Federation signed the “Law on the Reinforcement of the Rights of Entrepreneurs in Russia.” This law entrusts the main duties of the Commissioner, which is considered to be fivefold, to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs, control over the extension of their rights by the authorities and local self-government, and the harmonization of the development of public institutions. here, oriented towards protecting the rights of entrepreneurs and interaction with entrepreneurial cooperation, as well as the formation and implementation of government policy in this area. It is necessary to document the registration of the federal ombudsman to suppress the illegal acts of the local government to support the non-gay viconn. The Commissioner is also given the right to send motivated proposals to the President of Russia regarding the adoption of decisions and orders of the Russian Federation. The Ombudsman has the ability to discredit judicial acts of arbitration courts. There is an opportunity to protect the rights and legitimate interests of Russian entrepreneurs behind the border.

Earlier, starting from 2011, changes were introduced to the “Law on Insurance Contributions”, apparently in place of the unified social tax, organizations are required to pay insurance contributions to state budgetary funds iv (Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation), Federal Obligatory Medical Insurance Fund and Territorial Obligatory Medical Insurance Fund). As a result, the legal insurance premium rate increased from 26 to 34% for organizations that set up a legal insurance system. For small businesses that have a simplified supply system or a supply system in the form of UTII, since 2011. the rate of insurance deposits increased from 14 to 34%, or 2.4 times.

The benefits are transferred only to the following business entities:

• small innovative enterprises, organizations in the field of information and communication technologies and residents of technical and manufacturing special economic zones for the period 2011-2019;
• organizations and individual entrepreneurs involved in activities related to mass information;
• small business entities will be able to establish a simplified tax system and work in 36 types of activity designated by law for the current period.

According to experts, a small number of small businesses are likely to receive over-inflated funds. For the most important, the law applies to the original edition, and since 1 June 2011. deposits increased one-time by 2.4 times.

Recently, from the beginning of 2013, the insurance contribution for individual entrepreneurs was increased from 17 to 36 thousand. UAH As a result, the maximum is 412 thousand. Individual entrepreneurs, or 10% of their total population on the 1st month of 2012, were recruited from the beginning of 2012. until the fierce 2013 including the connection with increased social benefits (the dynamics are shown in Fig. 3). The number of small businesses decreased by 350 thousand after the increase in revenues. dollars

Based on the data from social surveys conducted at the beginning of 2013, the majority of employers (60.8%) believe that the rate of social contributions, which has grown, is overshooting or does not allow them to function. The Rada of the Federation of the Russian Federation proposes to introduce a transition period for the increase in payments for pension and health insurance. Senators proponuyut skasuvati was introduced in 2013. a new increase in social benefits, and introduce them step by step: in 2014. – repeat rates, from 2015 rub. – two bets.

Since there is a need for innovation in small businesses, a decision has been made for this orientation: the Ministry of Economic Development has drawn up a bill, depending on the extent to which the participation of foreigners is considered statutory capital in the creation of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia. In the Order of the Russian Federation, it is important that the removal of important exchanges allows for the creation of new minds for doing business by foreign investors in Russia, as well as ensuring the influx of new technologies and modern equipment to small and medium-sized businesses due to the Don.

At the end it is necessary to say in the following:

• approaches that are adopted by state authorities to promote the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the domestic economy are ineffective;
• The tax policy for small and medium-sized businesses should be differentiated (to provide benefits for new businesses in the first 3-4 years of their business, which conduct government activities in the Far East , in the regions of Extreme Pivnocha and regions equated to them, as well as for engage in industrial and social activities);
• establish preferential lending to enterprises and the organization of small and medium-sized businesses;
• promote the image and social status of all your peers;
• Promote control and control over their activities from regional and local authorities with the organization of practical assistance to small and medium-sized businesses in localities.

REFERENCES

1. Small and medium-sized businesses in Russia account for about 40% of their borrowings in the trade sector // Economics. Prime. 17 zhovt. 2012. URL: http://news.mail.ru/economics/ 10627037/

2. Rudensky I. The future of our region will depend on the development of small medium-sized businesses // Parliamentary newspaper. 2013. 24 May. URL: http://www.pnp.ru/news/detail/20816

3. “The citizens of Russia believe that they can earn money honestly...” // Newsland. 2013. 28 May. URL: http:// newsland.com/news/detail/id/1184892

5. VTsVGD and the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs assessed the business climate in Russia / Press center “Small and Middle Enterprises of the Krasnodar Region”. February 22, 2013 URL: http://www.mbkuban.ru/news_fed/item-7350.html

6. “Pennies for Virist” / / Russian newspaper “RG.RU”. 2012. 21 May. URL: http://rg.ru/2013/05/21/ biznes.html

7. About the renewal of the rights of entrepreneurs in the Russian Federation: Feder. Law of the Russian Federation No. 78-FZ dated 05/07/2013 // Russian newspaper “RG.RU”. Fedir. Issue No. 6075. 2013. May 13th.

8. Business in the village of growing expenses / Thumb. region trade-industry Chamber / / Business Tambov. 2011. No. 1. URL: http://old.totpp.ru/business-tambov/archive/jan-2011/846-article13

9. Day of Russian Entrepreneurship // RiaNovini. 2013. 26 May. URL: http://m.ria.ru /spravka/20130526/939199152.html

10. “412 thousand individual entrepreneurs were granted licenses through increased social benefits...” // RiaNovini. 2013. 10th round. URL: http://ria.ru/economy/20130410/939/931972176. html

Entrepreneurship and marketing

UDC (470+571)

N.I. Novikov, D.V. Pid'yapolsky, G.V. Novikova

ENTERPRISE IN THE CURRENT RUSSIAN ECONOMY: ASSESSMENTS, TRENDS, ROLE OF THE POWER

N.I. Novikov, D.V. Podyapolskii, G.V. Novikova

BUSINESS IN MODERN Russian Economy: evaluation and trends, the role of the state

The role and importance of small and medium-sized businesses for the domestic economy is shown. The intelligence, support and economical processes that are necessary for the successful functioning of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia are characterized. The proposals are presented, the implementation of which will positively change the situation in small and medium-sized businesses.

ENTERPRISE; SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS; ROZVITOK; ENTERPRISE IMPROVEMENT; INNOVATIONS; DAILY POLICY.

The material shows the role and importance of small and medium-sized businesses for the state economy. We bring the social and economic sphere into focus, which is necessary for the successful operation of small and medium-sized activities in Russia. Set out proponls that will certainly positively change the situation in the small and medium business.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP; SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT; SUPPORT FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP; INNOVATION; TAX POLICY.

The adoption, both small and middle, of the Russian economy, from the looks of it, has become somewhat more complete in format, has not revealed great potential possibilities. Historically, in suspense-economic systems, the value of small and medium-sized businesses is by no means limited by economical characteristics. The most important significance of marriage may be both political and social motives. As practice shows, the middle class, which “generates” a lot of small and medium-sized businesses, is the support of family stability. Social polarization inevitably gives rise to “class” antagonisms, sharply limiting, in our opinion, the ability to handle husbandry processes using the classic methods of “butter and carrots”: the reaction will be clearer

Their populations are on the same lines, so that the power is living in the economy.

The research materials focus on the economic aspects of business. Basic nutrition - the role of enterprise, placed in a new state.

Already at the stage of transition, the following were adopted: the Law of the SRSR “On Individual Labor Activity” (19 November 1986) and the Law “On Cooperation in the SRSR” (26 May 1988), which put an end to the monopoly of state power on the production sector va. The Law of the Russian Federation “On Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Activities” (25 January 1990) was soon to be adopted, which opens up new possibilities for the mutual exchange of workers and robot sellers. According to what law it was allowed

engage in entrepreneurial activity as an individual (the official Civil Code of the Russian Federation calls citizens who engage in entrepreneurial activities without the approval of a legal entity, individual entrepreneurs - IP), and also zastosuvannyam hired praci.

A lot of time has passed since that time, during which authoritative huge and state structures were created to support small and medium-sized businesses. They include: Russian agency for supporting small and medium-sized businesses, created in the form of ZAT in 1992. for the initiative to the Government of the Russian Federation and for the promotion of the Know-How Foundation to the Government of Great Britain; Transgalno-Russian community organization of small and medium-sized enterprises “Support of Russia” (2002); Rada for the support of small and medium enterprises under the Head of the Federation since 2004; a special commission under the Government of the Russian Federation to support small businesses, which the first deputy prime minister has advocated since 2008. and other institutions. Because of this, small and medium-sized businesses do not feel sufficiently protected, especially in the face of “unfriendly” ones, and at times of unsatisfactory visits from the side of the state.

Let's analyze the situation based on the simplest characteristics of small and medium-sized businesses - their scale, dynamics and Galuzian structure. We will hold this year in 2011. Rosstat provides the federal statistical protection for the activities of small and medium-sized businesses in 2010. in Russia there were 4.6 million government entities, including 2.9 million individual entrepreneurs and perhaps 1.7 million legal entities. The employment of small and medium-sized businesses in the sphere of wholesale and retail trade is ~ 40%, in operations with permanent mines and rentals - 21.1%, in the spheres of everyday life - 11.1% (small legal entities), a type of brown copalin and general virobnitstv – 10 7% (small business).

The number of people employed in small domestic businesses is estimated at 25.2% of all workers. Revenue from goods, operations and services will reach approximately 28.5%. Investments in fixed capital -

close to 10%, the share of fixed assets at the end of 2010. contributed 5.9% to the total share of fixed assets in the economy. According to the Committee's data on economical policies, innovative development and enterprise, which will remain until the beginning of 2013, there are six million small and medium-sized businesses operating in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses. enterprises that employ over 17 million people, including individual entrepreneurs. Tsomu has 18 million people. work in the shadow sector.

This means that the scale of small business in Russia cannot yet be compared with similar indicators in wealthy other countries. In some parts, Russian GDP is close to 20%, while in the US, EU, and other Asian countries this figure is in the range of 40-70%. The share of borrowed money from small and medium-sized companies in the countries of the European Union, the USA, and Japan on average becomes close to 50-70% of the total economically active population, in Russia – less than 25%.

The reasons for the weak development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia are rich and varied. One of the most obvious is the cob stage. At the same time, the lack of respect for the state for the past three years, even during the post-Soviet period, up to the needs of small businesses, although it may sound paradoxical, is connected with the very fact that it is “small”. One way, if hundreds of great organizations, which are built especially on the Russian economic foundation, will provide an important part of the budgetary expenses, otherwise, if it is necessary for millions of companies to become a tiny part of the state treasury. At the same time, these millions, starting from the right, as a rule, from pure arcoosh, demand undying respect and encouragement from the powers.

The advantages of small forms of adoption over others are clearly highlighted by their greater flexibility and adaptability to minds that change, including crises. We respect, first of all, the price and assortment policy, as well as logistics. Golovne, in our opinion, believes that a small business “close to the people” will provide their daily needs and requirements, employment of the population, their income.

without any special forces on the side of the state, it forms among the citizens a “spirit of initiative and hospitality.”

The potential of a small business, in our opinion, can be revealed at the expense of the estate, the state, the budget for the evidence of the singing minds, which are significantly shaped by the power, financial structures. Among them: socio-economic stability is political, protection of private power, positive mutual relations between business and power, a faulty legal environment, information and communication infrastructure is necessary, the presence of administrative barriers, de-bureaucratization, a merciful and selective tax policy, access to financial resources, the possibility of adding seed capital, special support approaches, crime protection. Its prevalence or inconsistency are driving factors in the development of small businesses.

One of the most important problems in the development of Russian entrepreneurship is the issue of marriage. For young people, when choosing a career, image plays a significant role. It may seem surprising, but in 2013, since almost a quarter of a century has passed since the change of the suspense system in Russia, most Russians still do not believe that they can honestly earn “great money”

pennies for creativity, initiative, perseverance, self-sacrifice. This is the opinion expressed by 73% of respondents based on the results of the Levada Center survey. The test was carried out on April 19-22, 2013, around the middle of 1.6 thousand. chol. in 45 regions of the Russian Federation, loss of education is reported in 3.4%. The results of the experiment are shown in Fig. 1.

For all the difficult development of entrepreneurship in Russia, which is far from being known, the first years of market exchanges in the country, to give a negative “image” for them, are characterized by the obvious development of entrepreneurship. Some characteristics of this period are shown in Fig. 2.

There is a sharp decline in the number of individual entrepreneurs (without a legal entity) since 2005. Since 2004, then, more than everything, this is due to the re-registration that took place in 2004, a change in the registration system, since it began to keep track of records entered into the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs iv.

We are moving towards new trends in the development of small and medium enterprises. The rating of the friendliness of the business environment “Doing Business-2012”, which is highly ranked by the World Bank and the International Financial Corporation (IFC), was published in 2011. Russia sat 120th place, fate earlier - 123rd place.

Do you care that you can honestly earn millions of rubles from Russia?

All foods Those who need only food Those who need less food

Those who need food and clothing

Those who can afford their own goods of the worst kind

Those who can afford their own car

So ■ No _ Important information

Small 1. Tribute to the study of the All-Russian Central Military District and the Levada Center of Dzherelo: http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2198867

Small 2. Characteristics of enterprise development

Dzherelo: vseup.ru/static/files/Burov_Maloe_predprinimateГstvo_(monografiya).doc,

deloros-ural.ru/attachments/article/350/1_kvartal_2011.doc

The results of the rating confirm that Russia is not a leader in the formation of friendly minds for doing business. Moreover, the assessment of international experts largely avoids the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe vicious administrative strength. VTsVGD prepared the report for 2012. “About the business climate in Russia” for the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs. The participants of the study (companies - members of the RSPP) were asked to evaluate the host climate in Russia, the level of protection of private power, mutual business and ownership, and evaluate the tax incentive for 2012. What is the issue with power, 45.6% (58% in 2011) of entrepreneurs respect that power is placed before business as a “gamanian”, 28.4% (36%) – as before a young partner and 24.3 % (22%) – like a living middle ground for corruption. Assessing the demand for business, the majority of respondents (49.7%) indicate that the market has grown.

The place of small business in Russia today is unreasonable with its potential opportunities, and is connected, in our opinion, with the inconsistent policy of the state, changing over time

Let me take a conceptual look at its role in marriage and economy. It’s important that it’s the beginning of the 90s. Over the past century, the interest in small and medium-sized businesses has renewed and strengthened. There is an attempt to reduce the administrative pressure (changes in the number of verifications, simplification of procedures and schemes for creating small businesses, withdrawal of licenses, easier entry into the market), the formation of special supply regimes, the introduction of special rules g, including when lending, easier access to financial resources, creation special approaches to budgetary support.

All these actions, incredibly, create a new, friendly, atmosphere of enterprise. Although the administrative strength evaluates most often the effectiveness of the approaches that are experienced in a manner that is insufficient, and the approaches themselves are superficial.

The current cycle of far from unambiguous initiatives of the power before the takeover begins, in our opinion, in 2011. To the most significant traces, please include the following. In mid-2012 Vlada spoke about those who need government support from small and medium-sized countries to implement plans

It is planned to send the enterprises in the form of subsidies to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2013. 21.8 billion rubles, in 2014 and 2015. - 23 billion Nar. These are the sums of money that are being spent on subsidizing expenses for leasing property and innovative projects to support residents of private parks (subsidies for the purchase of inviolability or covering expenses for renting a park on which it shows the virtual activity of the enterprise).

Since today 2014 Having adopted the law on the Federal Contract System, which gives small businesses the same preferences as the purchasing authorities. For the rare reason of defense and national security of the region, tax collectors are required to be located in the system of small and medium-sized businesses, as well as socially oriented non-profit organizations of at least 15 % of the total river obligation is agreed upon (the upper limit is not determined), the initial price of the contract does not have to be exceeded 20 million rub. Behind the minds of the dignified 94-FZ, agreements were agreed to be limited by quotas of 10-20%, and the NMCC - 15 million rubles. .

U travni 2013 r. The President of the Russian Federation signed the “Law on the Reinforcement of the Rights of Entrepreneurs in Russia.” This law entrusts the main duties of the Commissioner, which is considered to be fivefold, to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs, control over the extension of their rights by the authorities and local self-government, and the harmonization of the development of public institutions. here, oriented towards protecting the rights of entrepreneurs and interaction with entrepreneurial cooperation, as well as the formation and implementation of government policy in this area. It is necessary to document the registration of the federal ombudsman to suppress the illegal acts of the local government to support the non-gay viconn. The Commissioner is also given the right to send motivated proposals to the President of Russia regarding the adoption of decisions and orders of the Russian Federation. The Ombudsman has the ability to discredit judicial acts of arbitration courts. There is an opportunity to protect the rights and legitimate interests of Russian entrepreneurs behind the border.

Earlier, starting from 2011, changes were introduced to the “Law on Insurance Contributions”, apparently in place of the unified social tax, organizations are required to pay insurance contributions to state budgetary funds iv (Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation), Federal Obligatory Medical Insurance Fund and Territorial Obligatory Medical Insurance Fund). As a result, the legal insurance premium rate increased from 26 to 34% for organizations that set up a legal insurance system. For small businesses that have a simplified supply system or a supply system in the form of UTII, since 2011. the rate of insurance deposits increased from 14 to 34%, or 2.4 times.

The benefits are transferred only to the following business entities:

Small number of innovative enterprises, organizations in the field of information and communication technologies and residents of technical and industrial special economic zones for the period 2011-2019;

Organizations and individual businesses involved in activities related to mass information;

Small businesses that have a simplified tax system can work in 36 legally defined types of activities for the current period.

According to experts, a small number of small businesses are likely to receive over-inflated funds. For the most important, the law applies to the original edition, and since 1 June 2011. deposits increased one-time by 2.4 times.

Recently, from the beginning of 2013, the insurance contribution for individual entrepreneurs was increased from 17 to 36 thousand. UAH As a result, the maximum is 412 thousand. Individual entrepreneurs, or 10% of their total population on the 1st month of 2012, were recruited from the beginning of 2012. until the fierce 2013 including the connection with increased social benefits (the dynamics are shown in Fig. 3). The number of small businesses decreased by 350 thousand after the increase in revenues. dollars

01.2010 Ü 1.2011 01.2012 12.2012 03.2013 Small. 3. Dynamics of the number of individual entrepreneurs

Based on the data from social surveys conducted at the beginning of 2013, the majority of employers (60.8%) believe that the rate of social contributions, which has grown, is overshooting or does not allow them to function. The Rada of the Federation of the Russian Federation proposes to introduce a transition period for the increase in payments for pension and health insurance. Senators proponuyut skasuvati was introduced in 2013. a new increase in social benefits, and introduce them step by step: in 2014. – repeat rates, from 2015 rub. – two bets.

Since there is a need for innovation in small businesses, a decision has been made for this orientation: the Ministry of Economic Development has drawn up a bill, depending on the extent to which the participation of foreigners is considered statutory capital in the creation of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia. In the Order of the Russian Federation, it is important that the removal of important exchanges allows for the creation of new minds for doing business by foreign investors in Russia, as well as ensuring the influx of new technologies and modern equipment to small and medium-sized businesses due to the Don.

At the end it is necessary to say in the following:

Come on, what is being adopted by the state authorities to promote the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the domestic economy is ineffective;

The tax policy for small and medium-sized businesses should be pursued in a differentiated manner (to provide benefits for new businesses in the first 3-4 years of their business, which conduct government activities in the Far East , in the regions of Extreme Pivnocha and regions equated to them, as well as for engage in industrial and social activities);

Introduce preferential lending to enterprises and organizations of small and medium-sized businesses;

Promote the image and social status of all your peers;

Encourage regional and local authorities to exercise control over their activities and organize practical assistance to small and medium-sized businesses locally.

REFERENCES

1. Small and medium-sized businesses in Russia account for about 40% of their borrowings in the trade sector // Economics. Prime. 17 zhovt. 2012. URL: http://news.mail.ru/economics/ 10627037/

2. Rudensky I. The future of our region will depend on the development of small medium-sized businesses // Parliamentary newspaper. 2013. 24 May. URL: http://www.pnp.

ru/news/detail/20816

3. “The citizens of Russia believe that they can earn money honestly...” // Newsland. 2013. 28 May. URL: http:// newsland.com/news/detail/id/1184892

5. VTsVGD and the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs assessed the business climate in Russia / Press center “Small and Middle Enterprises of the Krasnodar Region”. February 22, 2013 URL: http://www.mbkuban.ru/news_fed/item-7350.html

6. “Pennies for Virist” / / Russian newspaper “RG.RU”. 2012. 21 May. URL: http://rg.ru/2013/05/21/ biznes.html

7. About the renewal of the rights of entrepreneurs in the Russian Federation: Feder. Law of the Russian Federation No. 78-FZ dated 05/07/2013 // Russian newspaper “RG.RU”. Fedir. Issue No. 6075. 2013. May 13th.

8. Business in the village of growing expenses / Thumb. region trade-industry Chamber / / Business Tambov. 2011. No. 1. URL: http://old.totpp.ru/business-tambov/archive/jan-2011/846-article13

9. Day of Russian Entrepreneurship // RiaNovini. 2013. 26 May. URL: http://m.ria.ru /spravka/20130526/939199152.html

10. “412 thousand individual entrepreneurs were granted licenses through increased social benefits...” // RiaNovini. 2013. 10th round. URL: http://ria.ru/economy/20130410/939/931972176. html

1. Malyi i srednii biznes in Rossii pochti 40% zaniat y sfere torgovli. Economics. Prime. 17 zhovtnya. 2012. URL: http://news.mail.ru/economics/10627037/ (ukr)

2. Rudensky I. The development of small medium-sized business will bring into focus the future of our side. Parliament gazeta. 2013. 24 May. URL: http://www.pnp.ru/news/detail/ 20816 (ukr)

3. “Grazhdane Rossii is not verіat, what can you earn money for” honestly...” Newsland. 2013. 28 maia. URL: http://

4. "Rossiia podnialas" v delovom reitinge Vsemirnogo banka. Newsland. 2011. 20 noiabria. URL: http://newsland.com/news/detail/id/806366/ (ukr)

5. VTslOM i RSPP otsenili delovoi climate in Rossii. Press-tsentr “Maloe i srednee predprinimatel"stvo Krasnodarskogo kraia.” March 22, 2013. URL: http://www.mbkuban.ru/news_fed/item-7350.html (ukr)

6. “Den'gi na vyrost.” Rossiiskaia gazeta "RG.RU".

2012. 21 May. URL: http://rg.ru/2013/05/21/biznes.html (ukr)

7. About the representatives for the protection of enterprises in the Russian Federation: Feder. zakon RF No. 78-FZ from 05/07/2013 g. Rossiiskaia gazeta "RG.RU". Feder. vypusk No. 6075. 2013. May 13th. (rus)

8. Business v kol'tse rastushchikh raskhodov. Tamb. obl. torg.-prom. palata Delovoi Tambov. 2011. No. 1. URL: http://old.totpp.ru/business-tambov/archive/jan-2011 /846-article13 (ukr)

9. Day of "Russian Entrepreneurship". RiaNovosti.

2013. 26 May. URL: http://rn.ria.ra/spravka/20130526 /939199152.html (ukr)

10. “412 thousand IP otkazalis" in litsenzii y sviazi s uvelicheniem social taxes..." RiaNovosti. 2013. 10 April.

NOVIKOV Mikola Inokentiyovich – Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Economics of the Novokuznetsk Institute (branch) of the Kemerovo State University. 654079, vul. Metalurgiv, 19, metro station Novokuznetsk, Russia. Email: [email protected]

NOVIKOV Nikolai I. - Novokuznetsk Institute (summer) from Kemerovo State University. 654079. Metallurgists str. 19. Novokuznetsk. Russia. Email: [email protected]

PIDYAPOLSKY Dmitro Vasilovich - candidate for the degree of candidate of economic sciences at the Novokuznetsk Institute (branch) of the Kemerovo State University. 654079, vul. Metalurgiv, 19, metro station Novokuznetsk, Russia. Email: [email protected]

PODYAPOLSKII Dmitro V. - Novokuznetsk Institute (summer) from Kemerovo State University. 654079. Metallurgists str. 19. Novokuznetsk. Russia. Email: [email protected]

NOVIKOVA Galina Vasilievna – Associate Professor of the Department of Economics of the Novokuznetsk Institute (branch) of the Kemerovo State University.

654079, vul. Metalurgiv, 19, metro station Novokuznetsk, Russia. Email: [email protected]

NOVIKOVA Galina V. - Novokuznetsk Institute (summer) from Kemerovo State University. 654079. Metallurgists str. 19. Novokuznetsk. Russia. Email: [email protected]

© St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, 2014