Dovzhin line of the earthly courage to become close. As the ancient astronomers imitated the Earth

A. Sokolovskiy

Geometriya (old Greek: Geo - "earth", -Metron "vimir") is the same meaning of the word bulo-vimir Zemli. Seasonal, geometriya is a great big difference: the part of mathematics, how to take care of the nutrition of forms, size, is always put in space and power in space. Geometry of the Vinicla Square in a number of early cultures, as a discipline practical knowledge, Scoo to dozhini, ploshchі, obsyagu, with elements of formal mathematical science.

Happy singles vimiryuvannya dozhini

Succulent oddities of the world, tied with the dimensions of our planet.

meter

A collection of meter of splits, one ten-million (1/10, 000 000) quadrant, stand between the ekvator and the Pivnichny pole. In other words, a meter of magnitude of values yak 1/10, 000 000 from across the Earth to the Pivnichniy Pole is seen on the surface of the stake (ellipsoid) of the Earth through the port of Paris.

Vikoristovuchi is given value, the circumference is ideal round earth the fault is exactly 40,000,000 meters (or 40,000 km). If the shape of the Earth is not an ideal circumference but is more similar to that of the Earth, then on the current official the size of the Earth's circumference along the line is 40,007.86 km.

morska mile

Sea mile in the base of the circumference of the planet Earth. If you distribute the circumference of the Earth by 360 degrees, and then distribute the skin by 60 degrees, you will remove 21,600 minutes of the arc.

1 nautical mile starts yak 1 arc of the arc (circumference of the Earth). Qia odinitsa vimiru vicoristovuyutsya in all lands for the contemporaries and sea transport. Vikoristannya 40,007.86 km beyond the official data of the circumference of our planet, the minimum value of sea miles in kilometers is 1,852 km (40,007.86 / 21600)

Old-time oddities to show how our ancestors bully in the snake of changing the size of our planet with ideal precision ...

Vimіryuvannya the circumference of the Earth

The axis is a simple way of measuring the circumference (and diameter) of the Earth, which is better for all ancient astronomers.

The whole method of shooting on the mind, like the Earth, like the Sonce and Misyats, so the most rounded shape, so that the eyes are far from our planet (behind the vignette of the Sontsya), and the stench, wrap around the pole point above the winter.

Zyomki on the last showcase show a visible chute near the pivnice pole.

The process of vimіryuvannya sіd to spend in places with a good visibility of the sky, for example, empty places, at all distances from settlements.

In one night, 2 astronomers in two small missions (A and B), separated from each other, we will see the place (so if it is easy to see the circumference of the Earth, we know that it will be between the points of the rosette in hundreds of kilometers, one in one horizon), so there is a vertical line) of the singing glimpse at the її mice of rosetting in the night sky above the horizon.

Ideal vibor Bula b star The yaka is close to the celestial axis of the Pivnichniy Pole (from the center of the axis of the Earth's wrapping). In our days, the Polar Star will be reduced by a vibration, protesting a thousand rockets in that, through the precession (the wrapping of the Earth's axis), the Polar Star did not pass in the area of the Pivnichniy Pole (Div. Image is lower).

Precession - wrapping the axis of the Earth and stretching 26,000 rock

Unimportant to those who are Polar Zirka, to be located in the boundaries of the wine pole in half of the stake of the heavenly sphere, do not expect it like that. The Earth's wraparound is known for a total of 26,000 years, seemingly as a precession, near the perpendicular to the її orbit near the Sontsya, as a result of which the wraparound pole of the sky is placed near the end of the horizon. Approximately an hour before the Greek poet Homer, the star of Kochab was the star of the winter pole. Before her, the zirkoy of the pivnichnaya pole, the bullet of the zirka Thuban, which mayzhe was exactly on the pole in 2700 BC. won more beautiful camp, Close to the ideal, below the star of Kochab, approximately until 1900 BC, and the Polar star in an hour ancient єgiptyan... The Іnshi yaskravі zirki, including Alderamin, will be at their very hour with polar stars, and will be known in the future. The star of the yak in Danish hour is located closer to the Pivdenny Pole є Sigma Octantis, as the ice is visible with an indelible eye and is located 1 º 3 'from the Pole (I wish it was closer, 45' of the whole century). [Encyclopedia of Science]

Looking back at the night sky, allow vibrati yaskravu zirka with the most suitable parameters for adjusting the rosetting of the star with the changing parameters of the same star from the first mission.

Natisnіt, schob zbіlshiti

For example, in 2600 BC. (Wonderful image) in Egypt bilya of the Gizi plateau, if in the winter the Mizar and Kochab (which are wrapped around the Pole of the Pole) will be built from the vertical line (as a result of hanging) at different points (A and B).

So yak zirki in space It is possible to be located far away from the Earth, the effect of parallax is possible, you know, you can see it between the points of the guard D (base) and the cut of the zsuvu α in radians;

for malikh kutiv:

Parallax effect: (a change in the apparent position of the object to look out for two different points of caution), the only reason for the change of the vimir kut is the spine of the earth є the curvature of the Earth's stake.

Cutting diameter Misyatsya and Sontsya mayzhe are the same: 0.5 degrees.

Our ancient astronomers/ The clergy, the sacrificers / could conduct a visualization of the position of the ceremonies with an accuracy of up to 1 degree. Vikoristovuchi such a vimіryuvalny attachment for vimіryuvannya kuta (astrolabe), calibrated in degrees, can be adjusted to achieve accurate results (perhaps with 0.25% accuracy step).

Even though one of our astronomers robbed the world from the moment of growth at point (A) Bilya Gizi (30 0 C), the star Mizar was guilty of flying close to 41 degrees above the planet's horizon. Like another astronomer, there are a number of ropes in 120 nautical miles per day from * point (A) (* to be seen in the ancient units of a dovzhini, vividly). lower, lower visota to be shown in the process of roasting).

Tsi 2 simple vimiryuvans allowed ancient astronomers to build the Earth's stake with high precision:

(360/2) * 120 nautical miles = 21,600 nautical miles, stars diameter of the Earth can be estimated as: 21,600 nautical miles / (22/7) (ancient Egyptian Pi estimates) = = 6873 nautical miles = 12,728 km

Note: recent and accurate data: Earth's surroundings and the Winter and the Great poles:

21,602.6 nautical miles = 24,859.82 miles (40008 km) Earth diameter per equator: 6,887.7 nautical miles = 7,926.28 km (12,756.1 km)

Equator is a chain of circular lines, which operates the entire earthly crop and passes through the center of the Earth.

The line of the equator is perpendicular to the axis of the wrap of our planet and is located at the same distance from both poles.

Equator: what is it and is it really needed?

Otzhe, ekvator - tse clear line. Looking forward to serious disciples, it was to be known that they would like to resurrect the Earth? Then, too, the equator, like the meridians, parallels and the broths of the planet, like the ones that appear on the porch, give the opportunity to work on the porch, give the opportunity to work in the middle of the sea, on the land, and at times ...

Equator to share the Earth on Pivnichna and Pivdenna Pivkuli and і on the cob geographic latitude: The latitude of the road is 0 degrees. Win dopomagaє orієntuvatisya in the climatic belts of the planet. The equatorial part of the Earth will eliminate the greatest number of sleepy exchanges. Apparently, as far as the distance from the equatorial line is, the closer the stench to the poles, the less time it gets.

The pre-equatorial area is always a hot one, sometimes it is hot and arduous through the post-vipariv. On the ekvatorі day, preset additional nights. Sonce buva in zenity - turn vertically downwards - only on equators and only two on rik (in those days, on which days are geographic zones Earth).

Equator pass through 14 lands. Mista, roztashovani without a priori on the line: Macapa (Brazil), Kito (Ecuador), Nakuru i Kisumu (Kenia), Pontinak (Kalimanta Island, Indonesia), Mbandaka (Republic of the Congo), Kampala Ugly

dozhina ekvatora

Equator є the found parallel of the Earth. Yogo dojin to become 40.075 km. First, hto zmig roughly calculate the length of the ekvor, but Eratosthenes is a long-standing Greek astronomer and mathematician. For a whole bunch of wines, in an hour, stretching out a sleepy bar, they reached the bottom of a large well. Tse helped him calculate the amount of the Earth's radius and, apparently, the correct amount of the formula for the cola.

Slide to mean that the Earth is not an ideal environment, that the radius of it in the small parts of it appears. For example, the radius on the road is 6378.25 km, and the radius on the poles is 6356.86 km. To that, for the release of the building according to the calculation of the total number of the ekvatora radius, we will take 6371 km.

Dovzhin ekvatora є one of the key metric characteristics of our planet. It’s not just in geography and geodesy, but in astronomy and astrology.

All in all, the planet Earth has a round shape. Ale yaki rozmiri is a planet, little can be said. Yaka dovzhina kola earth on the equatorial line or on the meridian? For what purpose is the Earth's diameter? Trying to adapt to food prices as detailed as possible.

Persh for everything is visible to the main understanding, We will make a mistake when you ask for food about the meal of the Earth stake.

Do you call it an eqvator? There is a circular line that operates the planet and passes through the center. The equator is perpendicular to the axis of the earth's wrapping. It is located in the country, however, at one and the same pole. Equator distributed the planet on two pivcles, called Pivnichny and Pivdenny. Vіn vіdіgraє has a great role in climatic belts on the planet. Chim nearer to ekvatore, tim klimat specotnishhe, even cim teritoriyam get more than sleepy light.

Who is the meridiani? Tse such lines, which distribute all the earthly food... In total їх 360, so that the skin part between them is up to one degree. Meridiani runs through the poles of the planet. Vvazayut by meridians geographic director... Vidlik to be repaired from the zero meridian, which is also called the grinvichsky, oskilki vin prolyagan through the grinvich observatory in England. Dovhotyuyut is called skidnoy chi zhidnoy - in the fallowness of that, in which directly from the view.

Long ago

Forward, the circumference of the Earth was imitated in the Ancient Greece. Tsebuv mathematician Eratosthenes from the place of Sieni. At that hour already bulo vidomo The planet has a shape. Eratosthenes spostering after the Son and respecting him, shone at one and the same hour, when he was guarded by Sienia Roztashovan, exactly in zenit, and in Oleksandriya vono maє kut vidhilennya.

Tsi vimiri were carried out by Eratosthenes on the day of the concert in lіtnіy period... Vymeryav kut and viyaviv, which its value becomes 1/50 part of the whole circle, up to 360 degrees. Knowing the chord of the kut in one degree, it is necessary to multiply it by 360. Then Eratosthenes taking in the position of the chord the chordi is the interval between two places (Sinoyu and Oleksandriya), having called that the stench is known to be in one meridian The whole number і meant about the Earth.

For that hour, please vvazhalsya exact, even some ways to change the size of the circumference of the Earth more precisely, did not disappear. Nowadays, they know that the value is calculated, by Yeratosthenes;

there are two places - Siona and Oleksandriya are not strong on one meridian;
old-time vchinavshi having cut off the figure, went from the days of the camel's way, but the stench did not go along the ideally straight line;
unprecedentedly, a kind of adaptations of the teachings for vimіryuvannya kutіv;
nezumіlo, why dorіvnyuv stage, vikorisovvaniyom Eratosthenes.

For the sake of thinking about the accuracy and the uniqueness of the method of Eratosthenes, we first tried to visualize the diameter of the Earth.

In the middle of the century

In the 17th century of knowledge from Holland, according to Sibelius Vinayshov, the method of organizing people behind other theodolites. Tse of special attachments for vimiryuvannya kutiv, Vikoristovuvani in geodesy. The Sibelius method was called triangulation, in which it was prompted for triangular and vimiry bases.

Triangulation is practiced in our days. We cleverly poured the entire surface earthly coo on trikutnі dilyanka.

Russian Doslidzhennya

In Russia in the 19th century, they also made their contribution to the nutrition of the family member. The preliminaries were conducted at the Pulkovo Observatory. Keruvav process V. I Struve.

Even earlier, the Earth was respected by the cooler of the ideal form, then more and more facts were accumulated, but the power of the earthly hardness changed from the adequate to the poles. Vchenі magalisya date explained to the tsyom manifestation... Bulo k_lka theor_y. Most popular among them was the theory of the compaction of the Earth from the side of that pole.

To reconsider the validity of the hypothesis, the French academy of organizing expeditions in 1735 and 1736 rock. As a result, we were able to change the equatorial and polar degrees at two points of the earth - in Peru and Lapland. Z'yasuvalosya, scho on the ekvatorі degree I will give a little more. In such a rank they considered that the circumference of the Earth is polar less than the circumference of the equator by 21.4 kilometers.

In our days, when there is no pomp and exact length of time, it has been established that the Earth's stake is 40,075.7 km along the road, and 40008.55 km along the meridian.

Also vidomo, scho:

great pivvis of the Earth (radius of the planet according to the equator) road 6378245 meters;
polar radius, tobto small pivvis, - 6356863 meters.

We have spared the surface of the Earth and we set the figure 510 million sq. km. Loan landє 29% of the total area. Obsyag blakitnoy planet to become 1083 billion cubic meters. km. Masa of the planet appears to be 6x10 ^ 21 tons. A fraction of the water in the ts value becomes 7%.

Video

Marvel at the Tsikavi experiment, which demonstrates, in some way, Yeratosthenes was far away from the Earth.