Types of information in information. Understand the types of information. Wonder what “Information” is in other dictionaries All the important words information

Concepts of information

I understand "Information"(Lat. informatio– summary, clarification, summary) a significant contribution is made, apparently to this point, where the concept is seen: in science, technology, and basic life. Please be respectful of any information or information you provide (information about any kind of activity, etc.).

In literature one can find a great number of meanings of the term "Information" which represent different approaches to this end:

Viznachennya 1

• Information– reports (reports, data) regardless of the form of their submission (“Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated July 27, 2006, No. $149$-FZ On Information, Information Technologies and Information Security” );
• Information- information about the excessive light and processes that take place in someone, captured by humans or by a special device (Tlumachny Dictionary of Russian Language by Ozhegov).

When talking about computer data processing under information, we understand the sequence of symbols or signs (letters, numbers, encoded graphic images and sounds, etc.), which carry meaning and are presented in a computer-readable viewer di.

In information science, the following significant term is most often used:

Vicennia 2

Information– for information (knowledge, expression in signals, notifications, notifications, notifications, etc.) about the excess world, which is the object of saving, processing, transmission and recovery.

The same information (magazine article, publication, confession, leaflet, evidence, photograph, television program, etc.) can carry a lot of weight and change information for different people, depending on the knowledge they have accumulated, depending on the level of availability of this information and the level of interest before it. For example, the novelty is composed of Chinese language, not irrelevant information for people who do not know this language, and may be useful for people with Chinese knowledge. This new information is irresistible and new, published by my friend, as it is either foolish or already known.

Information is viewed as a characteristic of the information, and the relationship between the information and its content.

Types of information

Information may be found in various types:

• text, babies, armchairs, photographs;
• Light and sound signals;
• radiokhvili;
• electrical and nerve impulses;
• magnetic recordings;
• gestures and facial expressions;
• the smells and savoriness are noticeable;
• chromosomes, which transmit signs and power of organisms, etc.

Separate main types of information, how to classify the form of filing, the ways of coding and saving:

• graphic- one of the most recent types, in addition to which they saved information about the excessive light in the appearance of rock babies, and then in the appearance of paintings, photographs, diagrams, chairs on different materials (papier, canvas but, marmur and in.), which depict pictures of the real world;
• sound(acoustic) – to save sound information in $1877$ r. a sound recording device was found, and for musical information, a method was developed for encoding special characters from wikis, which makes it possible to save them as graphic information;
• textual– codes the language of people using special symbols – letter (for each of its people); To save your vikory, you need to use a papier (records from the sewer, etc.);
• numerical– codes the entire world of objects and their authorities in the wider world using special symbols – numbers (for the skin system its own coding); became especially important with the development of trade, economics and penny exchange;
• video information- A method of preserving “live” pictures in the extra light that appeared with the release of cinema.

There are also types of information for which methods of encoding and saving have not yet been found - tactile information, organoleptic ta in.

Initially, information was transmitted to large distances using encoded light signals, after the output of the electrical system - transmission of the encoded signal through wires, and later - via radio signals.

Respect 1

The founder of this theory of information is considered to be Claude Shannon, who also laid the foundation for digital communication by writing the book “The Mathematical Theory of Communication” in $1948, which first demonstrated the possibility of using double-digit code for transmissions. and information.

The first computers were specialized in processing numerical information. With the development of computer technology, PCs began to be used for storing, processing, transmitting various types of information (text, numeric, graphic, sound and video information).

You can save information on an additional PC on magnetic disks or strips, laser disks (CD and DVD), special non-volatile memory devices (flash memory, etc.). These methods are constantly being refined, obtaining and carrying information. All information related activities are controlled by the central processor of the PC.

Objects, processes, manifestations of material and immaterial light, as seen from the perspective of their information authorities, are called information objects.

A large number of different information processes can be added to the information, including:

• gateway;
• reception;
• combination;
• saving;
• broadcast;
• copying;
• obrobka;
• joke;
• spriynyattya;
• formalization;
• divided into parts;
• vimir;
• vikoristannya;
• wider;
• goodbye;
• ruin;
• memory;
• re-creation;

Power of information

Information, as any object, may authorities, the most important among them, from the perspective of computer science, are:

• Objectivity. Objective information is independent of people’s knowledge, methods of recording, thoughts and days.
• Credibility. The information displayed in the Help Desk is reliable. Inaccurate information often leads to incorrect understanding and wrong decisions. Old information with reliable information will be produced as unreliable, because there will no longer be any image of the right one.
• Povnota. The information is complete, as long as it is sufficient for understanding and making a decision. Inaccurate or supernatural information can lead to the suppression of praise for a decision or reconciliation.
• Accuracy of information – the stage of proximity to the real state of an object, process, phenomenon, etc.
• The value of information lie in the importance of praising the decision, the highest task and further importance in any type of human activity.
• Relevance. Only timely extraction can lead to a clear result.
• Sanity. As soon as the value of your information has become obvious, it has become increasingly commonplace. The information will be reasonable if, at a minimum, it is presented in a reasonable way for the reader to recognize it.
• Availability. The information may indicate the jealousy of the possessor. For example, the food itself is available in different ways for school and university students.
• Shortness. Information is received much more clearly when it is presented not in a rich and informative manner, but in an acceptable level of condensation without intricate details. The brevity of information is essential in guides, encyclopedias, and instructions. Logicality, compactness, and a manual form of presentation make it easier to understand and assimilate information.

Peculiarities of information They believe that it does not have speech or energy, but reflects the activity in the appearance of the division of matter and energy in the frequency of the space and processes of their transformation. However Information about this power is deprived of living organisms that produce information. Jerel Information For living organisms there are sensory organs.

Information is not material I want for her basic needs (the kidney - proteins in the body). As a rule, the more complex the material object or process, the more information you carry, however, the more complex the organism that collects information, the more options for its behavior These may represent one or the other of the same types of information.

Understanding the types of information

Known, how it was taken away and saved Information about unnecessary objects and things that are vitally important for all living organisms. People, in addition to other living organisms, can use special devices that allow them to expand their knowledge, which cannot be overlooked for the functions of their organs. In addition, people can be vikors of different kinds material information, for further help you can transmit information the decisions of people who were not particularly present during the collection of information, and in a hidden manner, collected from Volodya by it.

Important information

Sleeping important concept information from K. Shannon, therefore:

significant information- the insignificance is known, then. facts that can be revealed in a different way from a colleague to the point of removing insignificance, expanding his understanding of the object with interesting facts.

The desire for information is ambiguous. Regardless of those that have been around for a long time, at this time we cannot give a precise definition of this term and talk about those that need to be seen from the perspective of an undefined primary concept.

In contact with

Classmates

Current informatics students may recognize a variety of misunderstood terms: information and knowledge about the subject; Information and knowledge that can be transmitted, collected, saved, accessed, stored; Information in information science is the basic concepts of science, since information science is the science of information. In information technology, this concept is learned with the help of the main instrument - the computer.

Let's take a closer look at what this concept is in information technology.

I understand

If we translate the term “information” itself from Latin, it means “report” or “education”. At this time, science is still searching for the hidden powers and patterns that govern information, however, data in the information is valid intuitive concepts that have different meanings in different areas of human activity.

Regardless of those who at this time realize the great magnitude of the meaning of this term, it is necessary to see the most hidden things and understand them. This is based on the appearance of some signs and signals in the extra light. The value of information, which carries information, lies in the new knowledge that is located in one's knowledge.

Types of information

The stench can be eliminated indefinitely depending on the method of administration. The Danes can seek help from our senses. Ways to retrieve information:

• Organs of hearing;
• Zir;
• Dotik;
• Gusto;
• Sniff.

In addition, the information is divided into its original form. Behind the form of the stench can be:

• Textovimi;
• Numbers;
• graphic;
• Sonic.

You can also download video information here.

The concept of this term in information science is of low power. Before such authorities lie the following:

Information is a special type of resource, which carries power, characteristic of it. Before such authorities lie the following:

• Washing;
• Memory;
• Re-creation;
• Broadcast;
• Creativity.

Let's take a look at the skin of these authorities in the report.

Noses and signals

The information will at times be associated with material media. Such noses can be:

• Whether material objects look like stone, paper or something;
• Riznі hvilya: sound, radiokhvilya, light then;
• Speech in different conditions: temperature, concentration of molecules in rare cases, etc.

The signal is the method of transmission. A signal is a physical process that has information value. Signals can be either discrete or non-interruptible. A discrete signal can generate a value other than the end number at the end number of the hour.

An analog signal is a signal that continuously changes in amplitude over time. Analogue signals, as a rule, vikorystvayutsya during the hour of telephone calls, radio reception and television.

Signals that contain textual or symbolic information are discrete.

Informatics is a field of human activity that is associated with the processes of data transformation using computers or other computing devices. Computer science is often called a set of new methods for transforming information. It is also called an applied discipline or a field of creativity.

Informatics, as a rule, includes technical features, mathematical methods, software products, typical algorithms and models. Speaking about technical features, here we can include computers and various peripheral devices such as monitors, keyboards, printers, modems. The warehouse of technical equipment includes communication lines and office equipment. In this way, we can say that these are the material resources that will ensure the transformation of data, in which the main role in the list is played by the computer.

Nina computer science is growing rapidly. Today, data science focuses on new areas: programming, artificial intelligence, cybernetics, information systems, theoretical information and computing technology.

The very concept of information in information technology is new to the human vocabulary. Understand this can be called fuzzy and unmistakable. Computer science deals with data and their processing on computers. On the surface level, everything may be clear, but if you are more surprised, then the food becomes even more complex, but it really seems like it.

Since computers are even more widespread these days, and humanity is experiencing what is called an information boom, computer science must be understood by all modern individuals who want to keep up with the times. These factors themselves became the basis for the fact that computer science was introduced before the school program. Therefore, at this hour, the student loses the opportunity to master this new and necessary science.

Every day people are faced with a great deal of different information. This one is different, it could be cinnamon or not. But in the end it’s impossible to live without her. Before information, the directly related science is computer science, which is the subject of its development. Below we will look at the concepts of types of information.

Information is the primary, basic concept of computer science. It is impossible to count on the help of others, given that there are none yet. The problem is complicated by the fact that the concept of vicorism exists in many sciences (cybernetics, computer science, biology, physics, etc.), and in their connection with different systems of scientific knowledge.

Information and physics

Physics has the concept of “entropy of a system”, which is a measure of chaos, trouble for a thermodynamic system, information (antientropy) - a measure of complexity and order. As its complexity increases, the value of entropy becomes smaller, and the amount of information increases. A similar process, when information increases, develops in those who are exposed, self-develops, and exchanges energy and speech with the bulk of the systems of living nature (protein organisms and molecules, populations ї creature). We can safely say that in physics information is viewed as antientropy.

Information and biology

In biology, which studies living nature, information is associated with the complete behavior of living organisms. This behavior will be consistent with the body’s removal of information about the dowkill.

In biology, the concept of “information” also stagnates when investigating the mechanisms of epilepsy, since it is clear that genetic information is transmitted in the epithelium and stored in the skin living organism. All information about everyday organisms contains such molecular structures as genes. They know that they can create an exact copy of organisms from just one cell (cloning).

Information and cybernetics

Cybernetics is a science about control, the concept of “information” is associated with control processes in complex systems (technical devices, living organisms). The normal functioning of the technical device and the vitality of the skin organism are subject to control, which can be maintained between their parameters. Capturing, saving, transforming and transferring information is a management process.

The important concept of “information”

Information - a whole range of information about the phenomena and objects of the superfluous middle class, as well as about their power, and the parameters that will change the obvious insignificance of not knowing about them. This is one of the most important scientific categories, which reflects the structure of matter and the methods of its knowledge, and cannot be reduced to other, simpler ones to understand.

Information is a phenomenon (understanding, interpretation, replacement) that appears in the mental apparatus of a person, immediately after the fact that data is removed, interconnected with previous concepts and knowledge. This is instead of a signal or notification, information about the process of receiving or transmitting.

Specificity of information

Information is characterized by a peculiarity that differentiates it from other objects of wealth and nature - this is dualism, so that on its power the power of data can be infused, which becomes This is an integral part, as well as methods for interacting with data during the information process.

Blame of information

Information appears only when objects are in contact with each other. It is exchanged between any objects, including an organized structure (system). The elements of such a system may not necessarily be people: the exchange of various information may occur between creatures and plants, living and inanimate nature, structures and people.

Types of information in information

People throughout their history have been trying to transform nature and marriage, and from time to time new and new information emerged. We will look at all types of information. The table is presented below.

Types of information behind the submission form

Information may be submitted in various forms. We receive textual information (represented in the form of symbols in the alphabet of any language) by reading books, magazines, newspapers, or reading it in text form on the Internet. At the same time, it is possible to extract symbolic data that is formed from numbers in different numerical systems. By looking at all kinds of illustrations, paintings, diagrams, chairs, graphs, we can perceive the graphic appearance of information. Sound messages come to us from other people, so to speak, we feel them behind the help of radio sound devices. But most often we give preference to the combined type of document removal, if, for example, we are not only taught, but shown; They tell you and let you read it on your own. The greatest influx of wine is upon us. The types of information considered in information science gradually increase in the everyday life of any person, and we are aware of the fact that we accept it in passing, and it is stored in our memory.

Types of information and methods of receiving

A computer science lesson that looks at the types of information created by the information that can be perceived differently by different sensory organs. Visual - perceived by the sense of sight, auditory - hearing, tactile - perceptible, olfactory - smell, and information about taste gives us language. Different types of information in information may be perceived differently by different people. One remembers more, as it felt, another – as it was touched, and the third – as it touched.

Types of information about signal type

In information science, it is customary to separate the main types of information: analog (continuous) and signed (discrete). Symbols can be transmitted, processed and saved as independent symbols. They can be placed in handwritten and other documents, which can be used to represent the format of digital machines. The essence of this type is continuous information, which is embedded in sound, visual and other images, which can also be observed in continuous trajectories of processes (cardiogram, oscillogram).

We can safely say that this information can be presented in analogue form (light, sound) and the sequence of adjacent signals (computer code, electrical impulses).

The concepts and types of information examined above make it clear how varied and rich it is. The skin from us constantly absorbs, processes, transmits. Our life is impossible without her. Types of information have changed over the course of human history. From the notches on the walls of the stove, the primitive language has evolved to the present day.

in Latvian ?nf?rm?tio - Roz'yasnennya, wikilad). One of the meanings of the term is information, which is communicated in different ways: verbal, written, technical, creative, etc., and to guide the process of transferring these information. In the middle of the twentieth century. “Information” becomes one of the central understandings of cybernetics and acquires a fundamental scientific significance; There appears to be a special field of knowledge – computer science.

Vіdmіnnе designated

Nepovne vyznachennya ↓

Information

lat. informatio – awareness, submission. 1) any information, data, information that is transmitted through additional signals; 2) change in insignificance as a result of the transfer of information, data, information - this is the case I. is represented by entropy. Until sep. 20 tbsp. understand I. It was brought only to the information and information that is transmitted by people with the help of significant features, dated before the transfer I. looked like a tease. characteristics of a person - reasonable in appearance, prote with the development of science and technology, understanding I. It has become difficult to characterize the processes of signal exchange in living nature (signal behavior in animals and plants, genetic transmission of data in animals, etc.), as well as the middle ground of automated processes. Interest in receiving information. processes, up to a few that quality otsіnki I., scho vinik na 20th century, beginning with the development of logical-mathematical, logical-semantic. and semiotic research that brought attention to the problems of representation of signs and meaning, and so on. increased obligations transferred to I., and the development of technology. methods of transmission (telegraph, telephone, radio communications, television), which were obtained as part of modernization processes. At the prov. tretini 20 tbsp. research I. Let us first clarify the processes of formalization (designation - div. Designation) and optimize the minds of transfer. Prote is already gray. 20 tbsp. vinikli first theory. research that formed a number of theories I. - universal, combinatorial, algorithmic. Both theories, which were developed using the methods of mathematics, allowed the development of mathematical science. modeling the transfer process I., reveal the main. elements of this process (in the classical scheme, proposed by K. Shannon, exchange I. includes six warehouses: receiver - transmission - transmission channel - receiver - addressee - receiver transfer), reveal the principles of the process. ratings I. (throughput) that stage is the same (transferability). The development of these theories led to the emergence of computer science as a science, the subject of which is I. and methods of transmission. However, the greatest influx of development can be observed in area I. the automated system appeared. Processing instructions I. (EOM) and cybernetics - sciences about connections, management and information. sample. Development of machine processing I. stimulated research in Galusa formalization and algorithmization (videos before surgery with elementary calculations) I. and the emergence of theories fueled by algorithmic syntax, as well as the impersonality of algorithms and programming. Try semantic algorithms. processes - meaning and understanding - although they were far from being as successful, they turned out to be significant. pour out the english rozvitok. linguistic philosophy and linguistics semantics, as well as transformational grammar in the mainstream in search of a universal language record of semantics. Pokaznikiv. In cybernetics I. can be seen at a reasonable level – not as a matter of fact, but rather as a matter of fact, which leads to a change in insignificance (a reduction in the number of possible alternatives) in a sputtering situation, , directly to the management and usgodzheniya. This approach is consistent with I. within the framework of hidden theories of management, the development of pragmatic research was rejected. aspects I. – rating I. z t.zr. її relevance (sufficient, supraworld, application I.), value, usefulness, adequacy, etc. Within the framework of cybernetics, the synthesis of mathematical sciences has become possible. models and theories I. with theories of social interaction and communication, which greatly enriched scientific discoveries about communication and translation processes in society. The development of neuroinforms was also reflected in the science of computer science, cybernetics and anthropology. and neurolinguistic. research that examined the transfer processes I. at the level of high nervous activity. One hundred sociocultural material mathematical. models I. got to know the truth. transformation. It has been installed, so inform. process into people message about six basics. elements flow through the same barriers and filters: internal (individual mental characteristics of participants in the information exchange, their evidence and competence), and external (social and cultural neither norms, values, collective manifestations), which are significant to transform, promote I., and when No one should ever wear a stench. character. Kilk. Assessments of these counterinfluxes (transition) are completely insufficient, since the individual nature and complexity of the nature of these inflows make it fundamentally necessary to dilute them. quality analysis and significance of their mechanisms are included in I. Inform. process into people messages that can always be interpreted as causing a decrease in the insignificance of the situation, and irrelevant information (noise) is no less important here, less relevant. It is clear to what extent, in addition to its relevance for social and cultural significance. What is important is adequacy, reliability, completeness, novelty, flexibility, virility, simplicity, etc. The understanding of what informs. The process is an important warehouse of any cultural strength (historical and contemporary), and the stagnation of mathematical methods before their development. Modeling (often developed by structuralism and European social anthropology) has greatly enriched theoretical and methodological principles. baggage of sociocultural sciences. Functional approach to I. taking away further development from the theory of communication. Within the framework of semiotics, Vivchennia I. It occurs mainly in its semantics. aspects (I. as the extent of meaning and meaning). At the present time, Vivchennia I. Sociocultural sciences work in two directions: 1) development of information. processes (information culture) various. cultural communities (powers, ethnicities, civilizations, etc.); 2) tracking of local information. processes in various types of activity (management, marketing, advertising, social participation, political activity, etc.). Research of this kind, as a rule, has applied directivity and most widely reaches the reach of computer science and cybernetics. Such investigations are dedicated to modern trends. problems inform. exchange. Progressive activation and globalization of information. processes (peculiarities of mass information, mass culture, global information measures, etc.) in culture with a length of 20 tbsp. vyznachali vyznannya vyklyuch. importance of information processes in modern developments. about-va i have created I. a subject of both scientific and philosophical consideration. I. interpreted in cultural philosophy, as a rule, within the framework of hidden manifestations of one another directly (neotomism is characterized by the manifestation of I. as a transcendental phenomenon; for existentialism and phenomenology - an orientation towards the subject this interpretation; for philosophical hermeneutics). develop information process with cultural awareness, for postpositivism – emphasis on non-cognitive aspects I.). Modern the situation is often characterized by cultural philosophy as “inform. vibukh”, “Inform. boom”, production I. accepted as the main The type of activity is being shaped by the “post-industrial society”, and the philosophy is being tested. dislocation and transfer of possible ways to the development of “inform. civilization.” Lit.: Shannon K.E. Works from information theory and cybernetics. M., 1963; Pierce J. Symbols, signals, noise. Regularities and processes of information transfer. M., 1967; Wiener N. Cybernetics or control and connections in creatures and machines. M., 1968; Grishkin I.I. Information concept. M., 1973; Afanasyev V.G. Social information and management of the society. M., 1975; Stratonovich R.L. Information theory. M., 1975; Dubrovsky D.I. Information, knowledge, brain. M., 1980; Strasman P.A. Information in the age of electronics: Problem. management M., 1987; Keen J. Features of mass information and democracy. M., 1994; Broy M. Informatics. Mostly provodzhennya. Parts 1-3. M., 1996; Fedotova L.M. Mass information: Strategy of proliferation and tactics of growth. M., 1996; Ivanov A.M., Kozlov V.I. Information. Computer science. Computer. Samara, 1996. A. G. Sheikin. Culturology of the 20th century. Encyclopedia M.1996

The date has a special meaning I. Over the past 50 years, there has been an evolution from formal (most importantly theoretical and mathematical) definitions of what they are and how many I. can change, to new attempts at universal concepts Information partnership, universal metam, halal metam, etc. The paradox of the rich From these concepts, those who understand it themselves I. in some it is indicated and accepted on an intuitive level. From reasonable professional interest to understanding the phenomenon I. among philosophers.

Developments in the theory of I. They were aware of the destruction of the methodology of scientific knowledge, which revealed expressions in displaced accents in speech before marriage, in search of a universal fundamental basis, but before the recognition of diversity as the basic principle of scientific knowledge. Jenny. These very categories of philosophy—statement and diversity—occupy a central place today in attempts to determine the nature of information objects.

Current numerical investigation of phenomenon I. identified its connections with organization, systematicity, ordering, structure, as well as with functional systems and processes in folding control systems. I todi I. stands as a functional power of management processes, not distinctly from the others, and theory I. - as a division of cybernetics.

From scientific and technical developments from theory I. Specialized scientific disciplines were born. This informatics (a combination of the words “information” and “automation”) is a field of scientific and technical science that focuses on the automated processing of data, massive amounts of knowledge of technological and social significance knowledge of computational technology, especially the linkage and mathematics software security. Another scientific discipline – information science (science about I.) – area of ​​science I. as a fundamental factor of production, patterns of generation, transmission, removal, saving and vicorization I.

Theory I. in the student's sense (mathematical theory of connection) - the area of ​​​​learning information processes on the side of a lot of I., which passes through the channels of connection, what is remembered, etc.; It considers the supply of optimal encoding to the signal shape, the maximum throughput of the communication channels, etc. (the supply of the exchange of the signal (signal) is beyond the scope of this theory).

The main historical stages of the information evolution with the development of the emergence of various media of information: letters, materials, current information-cybernetic (short term i) technology. In our hour I understand. Associated with computers, advertising, retail activities, television stations, radio and telegraph communications, and other forms of mass information (PMI). This concept was introduced in science in 1928. R. Hartley (USA) to assign the world to the world of the world of information, which is distributed throughout the technical communication channels (respectfully, without any knowledge of these information). The rest, which depends on the possibility of fixation and transmission of verbal thoughts, are recreated by Dzherel I. firstly in the form of a movable (sign) message, and then transmitting a secondary, manually for broadcasting through technical channels, signal form, which transmits the encoding operation with further decoding on the receiving side. Tim himself is in possession of a message at the output receiving the message, which, when minimizing the transcode ("noise"), is, with the next level of visibility, a copy of the message on the side of the device. Dear, what was brought to I. to the addressee (otrimuvach), yakscho tsia I. It is not harmful (disinformation), but it should lead to a change in the insignificance of knowledge and actions of the rest. Hartley expressed the logarithm on base two to calculate the quantity I. as a world of insignificance, which shrinks as a result of the removal of I. at the one who qiu I. I'll take it away. This is how one person I wrote. - bit, or “one of two”: either “so”, or “neither” in relation to nutrition, which captures the insignificance of knowing or knowing what to say about someone. At 40 rocks. Another American opinion by K. Shannon, who specialized in the power supply capacity of communication channels and coding, gave the world the strength of I. more universal form: kіlkіst I. began to be understood as the value of entropy, which changes the underlying entropy of the system as a result of the elimination of the system by I. This formula expresses entropy through the sum of a whole series of possibilities, multiplied by their logarithms, and lacks entropy (insignificance) information.

In other words, the information content is proportional to its obviousness, transferability, credibility: the less transferable, the less obvious and the least known, the more I. There's nothing for the possessor. It is quite obvious (with certainty that it is more than 1) the information on the table is empty, as is the constant availability of such (with the same information, the certainty of which is obviously more than 0). The insult of the stench, based on Shannon’s assumptions, is uninformative, and does not carry the obsession of the woman I. For a number of reasons related to the complexity of formalization, entropy is described by Shannon as a function of the division of variable quantities.

Problem I. has many aspects not only in the scientific, but also in the philosophical sense. In the ontological and light-viewing aspects, there is hesitation in trying to reveal the relationship of I. with speech and energy, its nature and status in the structure of the butt; In the epistemological aspect – spivvidnesti I. instead of the form of knowledge, with images, signs, models, etc.; In the logical and methodological aspect - to reveal the complex-mathematical, worldly sides of information processes in the mathematical theory of connection, models of mass communications, cybernetics.

60 - 80 rocks. A lot of results, taken from the research of the last twenty years, were used in connection with the development of cybernetic models of machine translation from one language to another, the theory of gorge and decision making, bath of images In order to further develop the statistical (syntactic) concept I. Semantic and pragmatic concepts appeared. It became clear that the works of Fisher, Nyquist, Hartley and Shannon, being a test of a simple exploitation of the clear concept of I. As a matter of fact, please be informed that we do not provide any nutritional information about the quantity of any kind of food. Interpretation I. These robots have a formal, abstract and mathematical character. The main principle of creative information is the principle of sequential selection of characters by characters, letter by letter from an endless reservoir of ready-made information (ensemble), and creative individual information and statistical selection from the ensemble. The conclusions are statistically homogeneous (the power of ergodicity), so the mathematical theory of the linkage is based on individual capacities, as well as the quantity of I., which fits into Individual information. What is important is the average quantity I., which falls on the same information for each choice. Ale I. choice of information is not є I. most notably (E.K. Voishvillo). The individuality of the group may be found in the homogeneity of the statistical ensemble. Moreover, A. N. Kolmogorov and his studies showed that it is more statistically understood. determines not the absolute quantity, but the additional one, added to the information space that the possessor has.

It was given by mail, first, rosrobtsi t.zv. thesaurus model, as a successor, to the semantic and pragmatic concepts of I., in other words, clarification of the relationship between I. and diversity.

In the 80s and especially in the 90s. a tendency of distinct division of fakhivts in the Galusian theory I appeared. on pessimists and optimists, critics and apologists. From the perspective of semantics and mathematical problems of theory, the discussion moved to the socio-ethical and political sphere of problems of information sharing. The objective basis of these changes was the great achievements that the development of information infrastructure gives to powers and regions, organizations and individuals to use it: the ability squeezed into an hour and processing of great massifs of I., practical Mitthe communication link between the earth's core, design folding systems and their management, a number of people use the term “information sovereignty” to symbolize essentially a new social paradigm (O. Toffler), a historically new and special type of civilization that is on the way Well, rural and industrial. Real advantages that are growing in a growing world dominated by powers and regions (USA, Europe, Japan) with apologies I. technologies and computer measures, lead to a change in the nature of economic, political and social transactions, families, ways of living, and invert traditional statements about the values ​​of rural and industrial production. And at the same time, informatization of all spheres of everyday life of a daily person, i.e. This pessimistic criticism, which is accompanied by dehumanization, gives rise to a new virtual reality unknown to previous eras, living in an illusory light. From a social-psychological point of view, informatization influences the basic natural rhythms and life cycles of people; from the moral and ethical – the value and the added value of living spirit, experience, understanding; from the political - the manipulation of mass and individual information, the influx of the “fourth power” - ZMI, sharply increases the potential of the powerful elites, including with the help of additional displacement it is possible the rest from the internal power sphere to the sphere of the hierarchy of interpower bearings.

From the socio-historical perspective. Negative manifestations of informatization can be regarded as the apotheosis of rationality, bringing the European classical type of rationality to a logically completed form of information warfare on a planetary scale. The current typology has a follow-up I. Among the “optimists” there is a noticeable tendency to develop on the basis of theory I. zagal metatheories and zagal information metamov for scientific and post-scientific knowledge. Vidomy Russian investigator I. I. Yuzvishin, exploring a new established science - information science (1993), introduces the concepts of I. code of people and the Universe, information approaches to preserve health and increase longevity, encourage the creation of a new world society, etc. The future metastasis of the new information civilization, and in the epistemological aspect - of the revolutionary breakthrough for Yu I. at the transcendental light.