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Volodymyr Illich Lenin as a historical feature. Unseen facts and phenomena that shaped the peculiarity of Lenin What was Lenin's character

Volodymyr Illich Lenin (real nickname Ulyanov) was born in 1870 near Simbirsk. The information was received at the gymnasium and university (there were expulsions for student “misconduct” only after three months, and then again a year later). After whom the inspector of public schools of the Simbirsk province was working at the planting. On the paths of the revolution, the young woman supported the stratum of her older brother Oleksandr, making a move on the tsar’s life.

In 1895, Lenin was sent to the cordon, where he became acquainted with the group “Zvilnennya Pratsi”, which fought for the rights of the common people. For their part in this activity, the spilka will be arrested and sent to the village of Shushenske. It is necessary to carry out many fates in captivity. Ulyanov’s acquaintance and fun with M. Krupskaya will take place right there. Before speaking, those who appreciate Lenin’s peculiarity should know well about those who write the bulk of their work in the message sent to them. After its completion in 1900, the political movement reached Pskov. Here he is engaged in publishing the magazine “Zorya” and the newspaper “Iskra”. As it has already been stated above, Lenin is not Ulyanov’s pseudonym, and first appeared himself in one of the issues of these other ZMIs. Until now, there have been many works by Volodymyr Illich, including his great party, and plans for the future of all countries.

Lenin created a new marriage by renewing his insurance and leading a socialist revolution. He became an active organizer of another rally of the RSDLP, developing the plan and statute of the party. After most of their members were arrested, the new center moved to Volodymyr Illich. In the period that follows, the revolutionary movement and emigration are counted on. In this case, most of their politicians do not blame anything for the truth - they are engaged in publishing “Pravda”, and preparing demonstrations and rallies.

In 1917, after the Lute Revolution, Ulyanov turned to Fatherlandism, became the leader of the anti-regime uprising, and then returned to the underground. Whose fate is organized and carried out by the Zhovtnevoy revolution. Having come to power, he adopted a new economic policy, replacing it with military communism, which was dying at that time. All his efforts are aimed directly at the fall of the socialist power, the USSR, and the rise of people's dominion. Poor health did not allow Lenin to implement the stated goal. 1924 fate dies, the protest against the cult of specialness of the politician will no longer be strengthened. Places and villages will be renamed in his honor, monuments to Ulyanov will be literally everywhere. Today the body of the great political figure lies at the capital's Mausoleum.

“Lenin was the first representative of a new type of professional organizers of totalitarian politics. It is certain that neither in my early youth nor later did it occur to me to think that there were other types of human activity that I could possibly engage in. Like an anchorite he turns his back to the great world.

Lenin, out of ignorance, abandoned his mother’s proposal to take up farming.

For decades, he worked as a lawyer and hated his job. After all, there was no other kind of work or occupation, because journalism was simply a function of his political life.

But his policy was a priestly policy, not a popular one. Lenin honed his skills in official publications, historical and economic matters. Without even trying, you can't help but cackle with the looks and minds of life. The idea of ​​converting the election voters’ thoughts was anathema to me - “unscientific”. They never opened factories and never came close to the rural dominion. It is not of any interest to know by what paths wealth is created. He was never seen in the working-class neighborhoods of the city, but he is still alive. All of his life took place among the members of this powerful subclass - the bourgeois intelligentsia, in which there was a uniquely privileged clergy, endowed with special knowledge and the formation of history itself for the global role i. Socialism, writing in, quoting Karl Kautsky, is a product of “deep scientific knowledge... The bearer of science is not the proletariat, but the bourgeois intelligentsia: current socialism is popularized in the minds of other members of this class.”

Around one member - how many around one member? The truth turned out to be the rest. Twenty years before his revolution, Lenin created a powerful faction among the social democrats - the faction of the Bolsheviks, reincorporating them from the mensheviks (or minorities) and subsequently becoming an absolute lord. This process, the will to power in the world, is good for documenting it critically with comrades.

Plekhanov, the leading creator of Russian Marxism, through whose organization “Iskra” Lenin first became known, sensing him as “supporting the sectarian spirit of blame.” He “mixed the dictatorship of the proletariat with the dictatorship over the proletariat” and tried to create “Bonapartism, like an absolute monarchy, in the old pre-revolutionary style.” Vira Zasulich She said that shortly after Lenin came to Iskri, the newspaper changed from a friendly family to a special dictatorship. Lenin's statement about the party, she wrote, is Louis XIV's statement about the state - moi.

That one has 1904 rubles. Trotsky calling Lenin Robesp'er and a terrorist dictator who is trying to transform the party government into a committee of public safety. Lenin’s methods, writing in his article “Our Political Works,” “a gloomy picture of the tragic intransigence of the Jacobins... the party is being replaced by the party organization, the organization by the Central Committee Therefore, they will call the Central Committee a dictator."

Six years later, in 1910, Madame Krzhizhanovska wrote: “This is the people who have become against the entire party. “He’s ruining the party.” In 1914 Charles Rappaport, praising Lenin as an “incomparable organizer,” added: “Alone respects the socialist only for himself... The war votes for everyone who views him. Instead of fighting against your opponents in the Social Democratic Party using socialist methods, then. Arguments, Lenin strongly favors surgical methods, such as “letting of blood.” “The same party cannot support the regime of this social-democratic tsar, who regards himself as a supra-Marxist, but in reality is simply an adventurer of high rank.”

The line was like this: “Lenin’s victory was the greatest danger for the Russian revolution... We must strangle it.” Two years later, on the eve of the revolution, Vyacheslav Menzhinsky described him as “a political Jesuite,... an illegitimate child of Russian absolutism,... a natural descendant of the Russian throne.”

The great consistency of this critical analysis of Lenin for the twenty-decade period, given by people who closely shared his goal, bears witness to one greedy consistency in the character of Lenin. Having launched attacks from him, which, perhaps, did not bother him to hesitate or even hesitate for a second. His armor had no water cracks. Authoritarian? I understood. “The party is ruled by classes, and the party is controlled by individuals who are called leaders... This is Abetkov’s truth. The will of the class is finally determined by the dictator.

It is of little importance that the anointing of an individual, a person, is equipped with the history of his mother and the necessary knowledge, the meanings of the hour can be understood and, in this way, will be in danger of discrediting the sacred texts. Lenin once again insisted that Marxism is identical to objective truth. “In the philosophy of Marxism,” he wrote, “forged from one piece of steel, it is impossible to identify every basic idea, every essential part that does not correspond to the objective truth.” Vin told Valentinov: “Orthodox Marxism will not require any revision of philosophy, nor the theory of polytheconomy, nor the theory of historical development.”

Those who believed in this, as well as those who believed that he himself was designated above the Tlumach, just like Calvin devouring the Holy Scriptures at their Institutes ( Treatise Calvin, where the persecution of dissenters was initiated - approx. I.L. Vikentieva). Lenin is guilty of reacting to the heresy with great cruelty, less at the infidels. There is a remarkable anger among the people, who constantly attacked their opponents in the party, attributing to them the lowest motives and trying to protect them morally, as it turned out about the insignificant aspects of their doctrines and. The kind of movie that was inspired by Lenin, with his metaphors that came out of the jungle and the rural courtyard, and his rough idea would like to be developed as little as possible to human understanding, guessing odium theologicum (theological hatred), which there were Christian debates about the Trinity, about the Eucharist sixteenth century.

And, understandably, after verbal hatred was fueled to the limiting point, blood would inevitably be shed. Yak summarily Erasmus about Lutherans and papists: “The long war of words and writings will end with blows,” and it lasted for a whole century. Lenin was not at all afraid of such a prospect. As military theologians, who are busy with seemingly trivial nutrition, they realized that, in fact, there will be millions of souls burning in the heat for all eternity, and Lenin knew that a fatal turning point in a civilization whose future fate is dominated by history, and he himself will be a prophet. We're about to shed a little blood, and maybe more.

And yet it is important that for all his apparent orthodoxy, Lenin was far from being an orthodox Marxist. In these elements, he was born a Marxist. He often defied Marx's methodology and stagnated dialectics in order to vindicate his ideas, until they came intuitively . But he completely missed the very core of Marxist ideology – the historical determinism of the revolution. In the depths of his soul, Lenin was a determinist and a voluntarist: the supreme role is played by the human will, and, specifically, by the will.”

Paul Johnson, Suchness: The World from the Twenties to the Nineties, Part I, M., “Anubis”, p. 66-68.

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5. Characteristics of Volodymyr Illich.

Lenin is often portrayed as a kind of tyrant and an unreconciled politician, who is, to the utmost, like a human being, in the eyes of which all people, no matter how stinking they may be, are just indispensable material for laboratory investigations; They will make an evil guess about how they rose up with their friend Martov, how they spoke sharply against him.

Indeed, Lenin, by his nature, far from any kind of sentimentality, and with his comrades in the revolutionary and class struggle, with his same-mindedness, he encourages close friendships and if you don’t see your friends. Vin is an extremely sensitive, kind, helpful comrade. If Volodymyr Illich himself lives this word, he conveys to him not less than the bounded place of “party one-mindedness,” and he puts an immeasurably deep place into this concept.

Kamenev completely points out the strong humility that Lenin always lived up to the workers and working people, among them alive, respectfully drinking from them, encouraging them to drink closely and in every way This time it's unraveling.

Characterizing Lenin, one of his closest friends - engineer Krzhizhanovsky - points to his remarkable intelligence and superhuman energy, and at the same time (adds Vin) Lenin is an extremely cheerful and affectionate comrade. “Lenin, first for everything, is a political person, and, having grown up politically, he is at the same time a very special hundred-year-old.” “At the fight,” says Krzhizhanovsky. - “Lenin is straightforward and merciless.” Having loved Martov, I know and know the dialectical value of him; Perhaps you should love him at once; But, like Lunacharsky, “he has respected Martov politically for those who are weak-willed and for those who lose their hidden contours behind a subtle political thought.” Now, menchovism speaks about the lack of wealth in mass Russia, about the dry materialism and cowardice of those who support it; At the most important moments of political crises and the simplest social complications, right-handed people inevitably know their way.

Lenin's friends and comrades are ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of him. Why wouldn’t those stinks cause trouble for Volodymyr Illich! Do not love or adore anyone so much, - yo, who was so worried about, who was so slandered, who was so disrespected and hated! The next day, after Fanny Kaplan swung at Lenin, Trotsky uttered a truly wicked thought, saying: “When you think about the fact that Lenin might die, our whole life seems dirty and we don’t want to live anymore.”

Over the course of many years that followed, fortunately, with a short stroke, from the dry ends of the inexorable Russia, thousands of simple leaves began to emerge, which were spotted by a wide range of workers and villagers . The village organ “Bidnota” published the most characteristic of these sheets. One of the authors writes broadly: “Comrade editor! You cannot place a few rows in your newspaper at the address of our dear reader Lenin; I was even more embarrassed, as if you had even thought of satisfying my son of a bitch.” Another, who claims to be in a storm, goes to Lenin with such destructive words: “Let me tell you the feeling of deep sorrow, hatred and storm against the divine enemy, who has dared to make a move against the leader of the involuntary.”

And the most important thing from the leaves that Volodymyr Illich took away is this: “At the beginning of leaf fall, we issued a decree about the land, which states that from now on there will be no more power on the land and that the land will be taken from the landowners and handed over to the workers. We, the villagers, did not know how to express our joy. Find out how to move over capital and who works over non-robot. We, the workers, we, the villagers, were in the grip; We were burning with sadness, eager to find out who the good person was who managed to rule everything so kindly and signed the decree for Lenin? Who is Lenin? Uncle Mitya runs to the priest, Father Vasily, and asks, who is this Lenin: who is the king, who is the wisest of the governors? And he tells you: “Don’t rejoice, Mitya: the land will go to the landowners for their work, and if you dare to plant them, God will not give you happiness and will not send you to the end, and your Lenin is the Antichrist.” These words made us, the villagers, afraid of being distrustful. We were ordered, judged, and finally decided that he still thinks of spending his cassock in the kingdom of heaven, but his mother doesn’t care about five horses, four cows and fifty acres of land and, in addition , withdraw church income: if you come into the light of God, pay; khrestini—pay; If you die, pay 10 rubles for the funeral. Our prayers were subject to excise tax, like Chinese tea from the Visotsky ta K0 trading house. And having called everything, we decided not to be afraid of the Antichrist and to cultivate the land of the great landowners in the spring.”

It was necessary to be present at party meetings and at council meetings, at factory rallies, in order to grasp the full depth of friendly sympathy and love of the Russian people before Lenin. Varto you will only appear, as you will be overwhelmed by a loud storm of splashes. Everyone gets up, joyfully greeted, and says goodbye to this innocent people. And he will always be a simple, modest, quarrelsome, fair, warm-hearted comrade.

Listening to the language, looking at the article, which develops verni, on his thoughts, thoughts, or reading the criticism, which he respects on the ground, Lenin hastens to express his ardent joy and praise. Whether the proposition that he believes is correct, he is willing to support the press or the Central Committee of the party. Although, however, it does reveal traces of opportunism and anti-Marxism, it, with obvious irony, mercilessly criticizes the pardons and deceit, the resolutely distorting insecurity in them.

One of the oldest Bolsheviks, Orlovsky-Vorovsky, was appointed head of the Russian mission of Italy 2, giving the following personal description of Volodymyr Illich:

“As always happens with people of great willpower, with significant characteristics, Lenin was deeply hated by some, and loved by others just as deeply. His opponents regard him as something of a miracle, for whom there is nothing sacred, who is born of blood and ambitiously possesses power. However, in the eyes of his friends and, especially, the robotics, he is a deity. Lenin, truly, must wait until those who have built up their masses. He is not a great orator in the aesthetic-technical sense, but he can speak with such inconsistency, with such presentations that you can infect a thousand people with your anger. Spilling with masa inhales yogo; I am willing to tell people about my beliefs and my faith. This language, devoid of any embellishments, is firm, clear, and explained not by images, but by facts.

“He is a bloodthirsty miracle, as if with a slimy hand he transfers all the troubles on his way, copes with all sorts of enemies when, sitting at his desk, he develops his thoughts, reads manuscripts and discusses practical matters. No one is more willing to hear good times than wine; No one, with such readiness, allows their manuscripts to be looked at, like Vladimir; You will find that no one is so subservient to the Duma of the Majority, as is he, - it is clear that in these episodes, if there are changes, it will not harm the working class. You must not compromise your views on the matter, even if it leads to a rift with your closest friends.

“Frangesnonflectes” (you can spoil me, but don’t bend me) - they said about him.

“A person with such a character is needed by the working class of Russia, as they want to conquer their historical legacy. Soon it will be necessary to wage a bitter struggle against the closest friends of the proletariat, fighting with this method, in order to turn the truths of the comrades who have gone astray onto the roads. And for this, it’s true, you need a strong hand, a strong will and strong nerves.”

Lenin does not need power, as such, but the rest of it gives him the opportunity to apply the theory that he dedicated and willingly sacrificed his entire life.

It’s rare to be able to tell a man as good as Lenin; as a result of living in different periods of your life and in very different situations; And at the same time, he emerges with no less gentle and deeply analytical wisdom and simply a charming gift for understanding masses and facts. “Lenin is a great man,” one of his greatest opponents said about him. We have truly studied psychology to incredible subtleties. Having known all the needs of workers, they have all their desires, dissatisfaction and joy. In whom is the root of dzherelo yogo strength and will. To the best of his knowledge, he knows the psychology of his particular personality and often has compassion in his assessment of that same person.

“It’s true,” writes Gorky, “that Lenin overestimates the goodness of people for their own selfishness and for their misfortune. In case of any negative assessments, it would seem, ungrounded, they would inevitably be confirmed by people who had negatively assessed them earlier, not least the results of their work. You can also testify about those who see the filthy people in power as Lenin rather than the good ones, and also about those who have driven away the filthy people, and everywhere there are much more of them than the other 3.”

Being a monstrous slanderer of historical materialism, it is not wrong to punish with judgments, but rather to directly and gently introduce them into one current, and at the same time super-speak one to another; in a word, it is possible to group and harmoniously combine different forces. The Yellow Revolution without Lenin and Trotsky is as inconceivable as the development of any revolutionary movement.

“The Lifelong Revolution,” says Zinovyev, “in parts of the revolution, not only is it possible, but we can talk about the role of specialness, “The Lifelong Revolution and the role of our party in it are on the nine-tenths of the right hand. Lenin. If you want to calm down those who stand in rows and rows, here we go. Lenin 4.

The Glovaki to the Globo penetration into the senses of real phenomena of the ven for the psychologist, Lenin is a navigable, vyulyaki, at the same time, the prophecy of the far, in the Nomom, was uneasy, the whole-time Rishhennya. It was purely on the right that the lifelong revolution, the Brest world, and the new economic policy - three historical moments of the Russian revolution - were brought to such correctness by the idealists seems to be a gift of providence.

Considering the complex problems of international and domestic politics, Lenin devotes a significant part of his time to everyday, everyday, everyday food. He speaks with representatives of government establishments, party organizations and local councils, with workers, villagers, and foreigners, and, in addition, finds time to read books, newspapers and magazines, and to write articles on the outside world. and those. His brilliance is legendary. It comes with a salacious, invincible, unbreakable, brilliant willpower.

Lenin, due to the fair respect of Orlovsky-Vorovsky, cannot be respected by a prominent speaker in aesthetic terms. His promotions are not disturbed by the clarity of the situation, which is the characteristic feature of Trotsky’s redism, nor by the diversity of figurative, stylized turns of speech, which are the evidence of Lunacharsky. Lenin will promote himself on many basic principles; He develops them through the use of small, short phrases, which never fail to satisfy the need to finish. Inevitably, at different moments, he repeats the same thought until he defeats his opponents. Vyn enjoys his promo with outbursts, secretly intelligent murmurs, and booming laughter; He's all Russian, walking back and forth, lowering his shoulders, sticking his hand into the waist of his pants or jacket. Sometimes he goes into extreme and vulgar expressions, because he wants to make the thought he has expressed clearer.

“I realized,” wrote Lunacharsky with his first instinct, and Lenin’s promotion, “that a person is obliged to cope, like a tribune, with a strong and unforgettable enmity. And I already knew how strong Lenin was as a publicist - with my rude, extremely clear style, with my mind, I can present any thought, in the most sophisticated way, hostilely simply and vary it so that it would get out we will decide to tell lies from the orphans and are not very close to the political . mislennya rozumu" 5 .

Not giving up one iota on the flow of your thoughts, you will, at the same time, gradually, with great mystique, reach the level of your ears and readers; It is the rage of cultural development, the creation of conscience, the origins, - the filth - those to which the word has been brutalized. At the 4th Congress of the 3rd International, he said to the thesis adopted at the previous congress that they must be imbued with the “Russian spirit” and there must be more for foreigners. He is respected, obviously, because of the inertia of the foreigners.

The peculiarity of Lenin’s life is indicated by the same simplicity as is evident in his articles, promotions and deeds. As there are revolutionaries in Russia, who have become proud under the influx of popularity, then Volodymyr Illich is not ahead of them. “Your life is so special,” Gorky said, “that in the era of reverence for religious sentiments, it would be respected by saints 6.”

Lenin is a very important person: he appreciates his health and remarkable fitness. This explains his spiritual mind, his will and his humility. He has always loved walks, swimming, and watering. The year, without being confused about anything, generally indulges in the most non-turbulent fun and turns around with great energy, ready for a new fight.

Behind his outward appearance, Lenin displays the image of a decent, normally built person. “In appearance,” Krzhizhanovsky said, “he looks like a Yaroslavl kulak, a cunning little man, especially if he wears a beard.”

He is short in stature, plump, predicts a faun; yogo exposing us to the gussets; the forehead is wide, bulging; He can be seen ahead, his chin is overgrown with a sparse beard; eyes squinting and constantly on guard; a look, always straight and clear, inspired by reason, irony and fighting fire. Its appearance is defined by mathematically precise contours; His majestic skull contains all the strength, energy and vitality of his specialness.

Such is Volodymyr Illich, who has a giant laboratory that is called Russia, having gained evidence of scientific socialism and trying to establish a social order that excludes the possibility of exploitation, strangulation and goiter. This is the greatest opponent of capitalism, imperialism and colonial policy.

Lenin shows us a picture of a grandiose life dedicated to the Velentian zeusillas to put their minds, through which the people of the 20th century still have not ceased to be slaves. With a pressing hand, he wrote in the intangible section of the book of current history. I am always alive to the idea of ​​the International, the idea of ​​the brotherhood of workers in this world.

Notes:

1 A. V. Lunacharsky. "The Great Revolution" Petrograd. 1919 story 67.

2 May 1923, near Lausanne (Switzerland), Vorovsky fell victim to the swing of a White Guard (Conradi). Characteristics of this notable post to Bolshovism. G. Zinov'ev. "St. V. Vorovsky" (P. P. Orlovsky). Zibr. quilting Derzhvidav, 1924, vol. XVI. side 248. (Editor's note)

3 M. Gorky; "Volodymyr Illich Lenin". Communist International, No. 12, page 1934

4 G. Zinov'ev: "N: Lenin"; Petrograd. 1918, page 61 and next.

5 L. V. Lunacharsky. "The Great Revolution" Petrograd. 1918, page 62.

6 M. Gorky. "Volodymyr Illich Lenin". "Communist International", No. 12, page 1934.

7 A. V. Lunacharsky. "The Great Revolution" Petrograd, 1919, page 61.

І main її ideologist.

American historian Nina Tumarkin at the work “Lenin is alive! The cult of Lenin in Radyanskaya Russia means that the Bolsheviks began to drown Lenin as early as 1903 under the “hypnotic influx”; Richard Pipes insists that Lenin was an undeniably charismatic leader.

However, for a long time, Lenin’s rise in the party did not mean anything similar to the glories of the late Radyan period; Lenin’s own power in the RSDLP(b) was also not absolute. A whole series of low key decisions of 1917 were accepted by the majority of the Central Committee, sometimes under threat from the clearly expressed will of Lenin. Thus, the Central Committee decided to exclude from the party Zinovyev and Kamenev, who opposed the preparation of the Yellow Revolution, and the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty was praised by the Central Committee even after Lenin threatened his bet.

Nina Tumarkin, in connection with this, has a deep respect for Zinovyev’s promo dated June 6, 1918, published in about 200 thousand copies. In this promo, Zinovyev includes a carefully adjusted biography of Lenin, which clearly has religious notes. You will guess that Lenin “resembled the poor”, “forgetting” to remember about his nobility. Lenin’s person best guesses the description of a Christian saint, like a robot “What should I do?” called "the gospel of the Iskrists."

The editor of the Bolshevik newspaper “Bidnota” L. Sosnovsky Pishov even further, having given Lenin the martyrdom, actually drawing a parallel between him and Jesus Christ [ clarify]: “Lenin cannot be killed. He was so in tune with the proletariat that he stood up and fought, so that it was necessary to blame every single worker of the entire world in order to kill Lenin. As long as the proletariat is alive, Lenin is still alive.” It was also ostentatious that one of the publications of this period stated that Lenin “miraculously escaped alive”, without having handed over “the will of the proletariat.”

In 1918-1919, streets began to be named after Lenin, and the first busts of Lenin began to appear.

As Richard Pipes emphasizes, the turbulent flow of spontaneous praises was interrupted by Lenin himself after he finished his swing. Based on the memoirs of Bonch-Bruevich, having become aware of what the newspapers wrote about him, Lenin “gasped”, after which he called Olminsky and Lepeshinsky to himself, sending them to the editors of “Pravda” and “Izvestia” with the order to “release everything is on the galms" .

One of the forms of praise at that time was the regular vilification of the Bolshevik leaders, first of all Lenin and Trotsky, honoring their heads and honoring the presidencies of various congresses (before checkers), appropriating other scratch the surface to call. Thus, at the time of his death, Lenin was elected as an “honored Red Army soldier” by killing twenty military units.

Only for the linden worm of 1923 the fate of all current policies, and the dying Lenin's elections, we honor the head of the Comintern, an honorary member of the Presidium of the VI All-Russian Congress of the Union of Metal Workers and an honorary cooperator of Russia ii, in the sickle of honors we will honor with the head of the All-Russian - an honorary member of Petroradi and an honorary member Presidium of local Komsomol meetings dedicated to the 5th anniversary of this organization. At the fall of Lenin, we will honor the gathering of the Central Union, we will honor the VI All-Russian Congress of Paper Workers, the I All-Russian Congress of Scientists and the IV All-Russian Congress from the provincial departments of national education.

50th anniversary of Lenin (1920)

A new sharp outburst of praises began in 1920 in honor of Lenin’s 50th anniversary. From this drive new ideas appeared from Demyan Bidny and Mayakovsky, Nevsky V.I. having written published in a circulation of 200 thousand. ex. a romanticized biography of Lenin, densely packed with praises at his address.

Zinovyev, Stalin, Bukharin, Sosnovsky published their powerful panegyrics; Trotsky wrote from this source an uncontested article “National in Lenin”, in which he portrays the Bolshovite leader as a competent national leader of the Russian people and not only a wordsmith.

Even more controversial was “Volodymyr Illich Lenin,” written in honor of the anniversary by Maxim Gorky. Under the guise of praise, Gorky actually switched to images, in connection with which Lenin noted the dissatisfaction of the publication of this article in the magazine “Communist International”, in his note the Politburo respected shi, that in it “there is nothing communistic, but a lot of what anti-communist." In truth, Gorky called Lenin “a guillotine, like thinking,” and also declared: “I again sing the glory of the sacred God of the good. Among them, Volodymyr Lenin is the first and most divine.”

...in an era of over-importance of religious sentiments, Lenin would have been considered a saint. I know: the townsfolk are angry, there are plenty of comrades to laugh at, and Lenin himself wants to have fun... A brave realist, a cunning politician, Lenin is gradually becoming legendary. It's good.

In the 1930s, villages, streets and squares, buildings, assembly halls of factories began to be filled with tens of thousands of busts and monuments to Lenin, among them, a number of works of the Radyan mysticism, due to the mystical value of typical “cult objects”. Lenin's works were seen in large circulations: between 1940 and 1950, 4 editions of the 35-volume collection of Lenin's works were published with a circulation of 800 thousand copies.

There have been massive campaigns of renaming various objects and giving them, especially in honor of M. Krupskaya, the name of Lenin. The Order of Lenin became a great sovereign city. Sometimes there is an idea that such actions were coordinated by the Stalinist church in the minds of the formation of the cult of the individual Stalin with the method of usurping power and stunning Stalin by the attacker and disciple of Lenin.

In the 1920s, it became increasingly popular to give children names that were an abbreviation of the letter named after Lenin. For example, Vladlen, Vladilen, Vilen or Vil - Volodymyr Illich Lenin; Marlene - Marx and Lenin; Vilor, Vilenor, Vileor, Vilory - Volodymyr Illich Lenin Organizer of the Revolution, Network and others.

Reinforcement of the USSR and decolonization

Lenin's name is often associated with decolonization. After the liberation from colonial rule in a number of countries (Mauritius, Zimbabwe, India), the memory of Lenin was honored in them, and monuments were erected to him and especially commemorating his role among the liberated peoples. In 2010, in Montpellier, a monument was erected to Lenin as a man who lived his first life before decolonization.

Lenin's 100th anniversary (1970)

American historian Nina Tumarkin notes that the formation of a pseudo-religious cult of Lenin in Radyanskaya Russia in the 1920s had very little success. The reasons for this are due to the fact that the majority of the population of the region at that time were villagers, with their traditional religion rooted in the Russian people with a rich belief in the “good king”.

At the beginning of the 1970s, as a result of mass urbanization and industrialization, the picture of Russia changed dramatically. Most of the edges became misty. In Nina Tumarkin’s opinion, most of the world has already begun to massively acknowledge the sharp decline in the cult of Lenin from reality.

Tim no less, Vlada traditionally continued to rely on the authority of Lenin as one of the main pillars of her legitimacy. In connection with the 1970s, juvenile cleanliness was organized on an unprecedented scale. Kvitnevy (1970) number everyone Christian magazines (including humorous, musical, engineering, life, etc., even before the rule of epidemiology) will publish either frequent dedications to the “great leader”, and in everyone This topic was placed on the kvitneva (and richly - like kvitneva) cover. A jewelry medal was issued, and at the same time a coin with a face value of one karbovanets was dedicated to the “leader of the proletariat.” However, following the words of the investigator, the people showed that he is “not a circus horse, so he needs to cut through a hoop for a signal.” “Let’s ruin the signal” was a massive expansion of anecdotes, which clearly showed the people’s anger at the exorbitant propaganda of Lenin’s themes.

Cult of Lenin's relatives

Cream of Lenin, many objects were also given the names of his relatives. One of the most beautiful butts was the squad of Nadiya Krupskaya, whose names were assigned to streets, major buildings, schools, and monuments were also erected to them. In 1957-1991, Krupskaya owned the Moscow State Regional University, and also owned a confectionery factory. Nadiya Kostyantinivna herself was buried within the Kremlin wall.

The revolutionary activity of Oleksandr Ulyanov, Lenin's elder brother, was highly respected. One of the streets of St. Petersburg bears its name.

Near a number of places in the entire Soviet Socialist Republic there are streets of Dmitry Ulyanov. The 1987 film “Never Forever Summer in Crimea” was dedicated to Dmitry Ulyanov.

"War of Quotes"

One of the features of Lenin’s fall is its extreme eclecticism; Thus, the successor Voslensky M.S. pays tribute to one of Lenin’s fundamental works, “Power and Revolution.” Being written an hour before Finland in 1917, a few months before the Bolsheviks came to power, this work, in the mind of the researcher, at a number of points sharply pointed out these changes that Lenin began work in practice. Zokrem, whose robot was assigned to replace the stationary army with the “underworld armed people.”

Widely known Wislav Lenin: “NEP – this is serious and forever”; However, at the 10th meeting of the RCP(b) in 1921, he also stated that freedom of trade for the Bolsheviks was “no less dangerous, and Kolchak and Denikin took it away at once.”

This is the so-called “war of quotes” that began almost immediately after the death of Lenin. 17 chervenya 1924 rock I. V. Stalin spoke at the courses of secretaries of committees (according to the statements of that time - the third most important forum after party meetings and plenums of the Central Committee) attacking L. B. Kamenev, who quoted Lenin’s words Russia is non-Socialist Russia , as "from Russia" nepmanivska"Russia will be socialist."

The great example of the “war of quotations” was Zinovyev’s speech to the Political Council of the Central Committee at the XIV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1925; The evidence was prompted by the great envoys at the massacre of Lenin. However, at the same time, Zinovyev was worried about the “war of quotes” that a significant part of the party was crying out for:

The rest of the time, comrades, there is a lot to talk about so much that there is no need, saying, it is necessary to quote Volodymyr Illich a lot, so that only a few people can tremble so much that this is the “old commandment” among us, etc. That's what they say sometimes. And it seems like this: once again, to quote Lenin, you can find anything from him, just like Uncle Yakov has all sorts of goods. It seems to me that this is absolutely wrong and wrong. (To a voice: “Who says so?”) Who the hell thinks so?

Bukharin, who spoke after Zinov’ev and at that moment stood up against him, inspiring the ongoing criticism of Lenin and also the ongoing discreditation of these quotes, which are the inspiration of Zinov’ev:

It seems to me that they would treat Lenin like this - three rubles unceremoniously. You can quote smikati as a matter of course, but that does not mean treating them as intended...comrade. Some of the secretaries cut out quotes to Zinovyev and did not wonder what followed. And this quote - boom! (Laughter.)

Cult in practice

Anthem of the USSR

At the same time, it is clear that Lenin himself did not actually have a living city during his life, and at the hour of his funeral, only the badge of a delegate of the All-Russian Central Exhibition Committee was pinned to his jacket.

Monuments to Lenin

I chose Volodymyr Illich Ulyanov (Lenin) as a topic for work, because I respect him as one of the most prominent people of the 20th century, although he has an ambiguous feature in history. Its successes in politics, the rise of power in 1917, the creation of a completely new type of power - all this became possible thanks to great intelligence, strength of determination, will and self-discipline. All this, in my opinion, characterizes the charismatic personality of Lenin.


Volodya Ulyanov was born in 1870 in the town of Simbirsk (now called Ulyanovsk, in honor of Volodymyr Ulyanov) from a rich national homeland. His ancestors were Kalmiki, Germans, Jews, and Swedes. His father was a teacher at the Simbirsk school, and his family was already sanctified. Volodya had five brothers and sisters, and they all got along well and could speak different languages ​​at home. Volodya began to wonder early - why is the marriage properly governed, why is it that the power of the people is not taken over by the people, but power is transferred in recessions until the next dynasty causes a revolution and everything starts anew? Why is it that so many people live so poorly, and merchants with rich pennies have nowhere to go? Volodymyr is immersed in the works of Karl Marx, who argues that Marxism has its core: the need to create a proletarian revolution, so that workers and villagers rule the country and establish orders and laws for the people u. Ulyanov expanded these ideas among the students, for which he was punished and threatened to be taken away. For the creation of a political group, he was taken out of school, wanting to do better. This was confirmed by the fact that Volodya’s brother, Alexander, took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1882 and suffered. Volodymyr is not fit to be the elder brother of someone who needs to kill kings, and said: “We will take a different path.”
In 1898, the Ulyanov family, having already taken the pseudonym “Lenin,” created the RSDLP party (Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party) with their associates. Later, the RSDLP began to have differences in food as a way to come to power. Those who lost touch with Lenin began to call themselves Bolsheviks, reshta Mensheviks. The party published newspapers and organized rallies. Lenin's henchmen became more numerous. In 1905, the first revolution broke out, as a result of which the tsarist government was forced to give in to the revolutionaries and allow elections to the Duma. The situation in the region calmed down, but in 1914 the First World War broke out, and Russia was drawn in. Millions of Russians perished in the depths of the war, and the lives of cross-border people were sharply devastated. That is why the people are increasingly appreciative of this, in order to throw off the hated tsarist autocracy and vote for a Republic (a people's power). Until this hour, there were a lot of anti-monarchist parties in Russia, they united and muted in the fierce 1917 of Mikoli II from the throne. The Timchasov order was created, in which the most important were the Cadets (constitutional democrats) and the Socialist Revolutionaries (social revolutionaries).
At the hour of the Lute Revolution, Lenin was in Europe. And now we realize that our time has come, and that our party can take power in Russia. Lenin returned to Russia and began to attract different people and different parties to his side, the more people became dissatisfied with the timely order, which did not sacrifice anything to restore harmony. a coup that overthrew the Timchasy regime. No one believed that Lenin would remain in power forever, but Lenin had shown the will and talent, and the cruelty and cruelty of those who wanted to live under the rule of the Bolsheviks. A huge war began, in which millions of Russian people died, a lot of valuables were looted, churches were ruined, but the Bolsheviks survived and lost their power. After a huge war, a terrible famine broke out throughout Russia, and Lenin had the opportunity to introduce Marxism and allow people to grow and sell food themselves. It’s worth talking about the toughness of Lenin’s thought, but the toughness of a leader is also important. However, the results of the activities of the Bolsheviks were rather negative for the people, leading to the death of rich people, and in the 30s to famine that suffering.
Therefore, I respect that the goals outlined by Volodymyr Illich Lenin were largely correct, but in order to achieve these goals, they turned Bolshevik ideas into evil and crooked ways. When Stalin came to power after Lenin, he organized the guilt of millions of people, and a system of Gulag camps was created, in which millions of innocent people perished.
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