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The importance of oceans and seas in human life. The ocean of light is of such importance to a prosperous life on earth. Problems of the ocean of light and their significance

It is a fair assertion that people incorrectly named our planet, giving it the name Earth, whereas it would have been called the Ocean, since over 70 hundred square meters of its area is occupied by water. The entire sleepy system of the Earth has a sufficient supply of water and thermal sinks, which, when combined, ensure the well-being of the great Ocean of Light.

The middle part of water - the hydrosphere - occupies a significant part biosphere- spheres of life that consist of land, wind and water. The ocean becomes the main part of the hydrosphere. Water in this region is found in seas, rivers, lakes and ice fields, as well as in various depths under the ground.

A diver traces the continental rift at Silfra, Iceland, 2010.
The photographer won the top prize in the “Diving” category at the fourth international underwater photography competition in Indonesia.

It is important to re-evaluate the role of the Light Ocean on the living Earth. The ocean is the coli and the source of life on our planet. More than half of the acidity needed for food production is produced in the process of photosynthesis in the upper part of ocean waters. It was as if the sun broke into a rapture between the ocean and the sun, if it were to live on Earth.

The ocean is a heat accumulator, a creator and climate regulator. Its role in preserving the climate is great. The very interaction between the Light Ocean and the atmosphere determines the weather on our planet.

The ocean is a convenient and cheap road that connects continents and islands, industrial centers, rural areas, and villages. Tens of thousands of vessels operate by sea to transport passengers and other goods, transporting hundreds of millions of tons of goods.

The ocean is an inexhaustible treasury of chemical streams. Only sea water contains almost all the elements of Mendelev’s periodic system. She has literally everything - from kitchen salt to uranium and gold. Unhealed riches lie at the bottom of the Light Ocean. The root genus of the seabed includes vugilla, sedum, tin, and sirka. Near the beach and coastal areas, various genera of tin, platinum, and rare earth elements are already being isolated. Serious attention is paid to the development of deep-water ore deposits. On the shelf and continental shelf of the Light Ocean there are great deposits of phosphorites. The great bottom plains of the ocean are covered with salivary manganese nodules, the first crusts of which are already shedding. We are in the process of using waste materials—sand, gravel, and turtle.

The most valuable minerals that can be found at the bottom of the seas are, without a doubt, naphtha and gas. As of today, the world's oil production in the sea is 30 thousand.

And let’s face it, the ocean is an inexhaustible source of energy that can be stored. These are the reserves of important water that are located near the water - deuterium - the thermonuclear fire of the future, and the energy of sea waters, currents, tides, temperature differences between deep and surface waters.

The ocean has long served as a source of urchins for people, who hunted fish, crustaceans, molluscs, sea creatures and plants. Throughout the vast history of mankind, the methods and methods of coastal fishing have not changed. The ocean fishery, where the current fishing industry is far off the coast, has undergone great changes. Especially the last ten years. The revolution in the development of fishing in the oceans was driven by the use of a steam engine and internal combustion engine, the production of synthetic materials for fishing equipment, and the equipping of fishing vessels with fishing equipment. The current trawls, Hamantian nets, and longlines should be topped with collapsible engineered spores to ensure the capacity of a large quantity of fish – up to several tens of tons in one trawl!

For a long time there was a thought about the lack of fish resources in the ocean. The growth of light vilovu fish, especially in recent years, brought great joy to the Swede. During the century, from 1850 to 1950, there was a 10-fold increase in marine fish and other products from the ocean, increasing the average by 25 hundred per decade, then from 1950 to 1960, Everything! Subsequently, the sub-war of the light force took place from 1960 to 1970. The light output of fish at that time was approaching 100 million tons.

Since 1970, the pace of world-class fish and seafood began to accelerate, regardless of the intensity of the industry, which is steadily growing. In some traditional fishing areas, fish species have begun to decline, the species stock of catches has changed, the average size of fish has changed, and some commercial species have declined under the threat of depletion.

In this way, mankind has, right before our eyes, become involved in the sharing of fishery resources in the seas and oceans.

Most of those involved in the export of river fish products to the ocean agree that it will be 100 - 200 million tons. The amount of river fish that has been reached today (about 100 million tons) is close to the amount that can be obtained from the ocean without disturbing the natural process of creation.

One of the most pressing problems on Earth is the problem of providing for the population of our planet with a sufficient number of algae urchins, some of which live in the oceans, and fish-eating sea creatures. This problem assumes even greater significance as the natural population growth of our planet takes hold. Thus, according to recent forecasts, the population of the Earth will approach 6 billion people by the beginning of the third millennium. It appears that the physiological need of humans for fish averages 20 kilograms per river.

How can we ensure the natural creation of biological resources in the seas and oceans?

There are prospects for increasing the volume of fish stocked in fresh waters, but they still provide less than a tenth of the world's catch. The possibilities for expanding fishing in the seas and oceans are much richer.

Of great importance is the development of scientific methods of conducting the fishery, which will cover the peculiarities of the biology of commercial species of fish, the nature of their division, age-related composition, number and other indicators. The word will not stop to focus on the thorough preparation of fishing and fish processing technology.

The development of new areas and industrial facilities is of particular importance. We are particularly concerned about the fishery industry of the upper ocean - epipelagic fish, such as mackerel fish, summer fish, fried tuna, and squid. A promising fishery for small-sized fish - anchovies, which shine, gonostomidae, which linger in the middle sphere of ocean waters - mesopelagials. Significant successes have been achieved in the development of deep-sea elevations of the Light Ocean with remarkably large fishing depths - 800-1000 meters, where an increasing accumulation of grenadiers, luces, smoothheads and other species of fish has been revealed.

Of primary importance to the vast majority of the light ocean's biological resources lie in the lower trophic level, lower fish, such as Antarctic krill, a fishery that is abundant in the region.

Dosi, talking about the possibility of increasing the strength of fish and seafood, we are paying attention to the rational extraction of natural food resources of the Light Ocean, showing the steps in the thorough development of that traditional “harvesting and watering”, which until recently in essence, a fishing business. For many centuries, rich countries have been working on this, as if from “collection and watering” to go to maritime rule.

According to some evidence, the transition of the fish industry from fish species to the breeding of seaweeds and creatures may cause changes in human civilization, which, due to the importance of not compromising the guilt of agriculture dominion, since people have moved from “gathering and watering” to cultivating soil. Such a reorganization of the fishery dominion will appear, in essence, as a “black revolution.” The dawn of such a revolution is not far off. Successful experiments have already been carried out on individual fish breeding. Work is underway to improve the biological productivity of sea waters through the routes of the abyssal waters, which are rich in life-giving substances, to the surface. The creation of artificial reefs, the breeding of new, more productive species of plants and creatures, the advances in genetics and etology, the science that influences the behavior of creatures, such ways of continuous and human-controlled growth give to the ocean.

The future of humanity is closely connected with the vicarious resources of the Light Ocean. The growing demand for minerals, energy and food resources is driving people more often and losing their respect to the ocean. The problems of mastering the Light Ocean are complex, closely related to each other and must be resolved in a complex manner, united by the efforts of various fachists of all countries. The ocean must be taken care of, and we are all responsible for our share!

Replacing the front office.

In this section of the site, we aim to provide our readers with more detailed information about the Ocean of Light, as the main part of the Earth’s biosphere. The “Light Ocean” section contains information about the origin and evolution of the Light Ocean, about its size and storage, about the storage and power of sea water, about the peculiarities of the ocean bottom, about ocean currents, about life in the ocean, about and the origin of wealth to the ocean. The reader can cross over to the great ocean that is significant for humanity, and also to the fact that the ocean, like a living thing, will require protection.

1. Zagalni provisions. Like the ocean.

The Earth is a single planet of the Sonya system, which contains the hydrosphere. The head and main part of the hydrosphere is the Light Ocean. The ocean itself gives the Earth unique beauty and originality. Naturally, being on the surface of the Earth, people cannot look at the earth from the side and appreciate its beauty. It’s clear how the burials engulf the astronauts, if they admire our planet from near space. It seems that the first cosmonaut of the Earth, Yuri Oleksiyovich Gagarin, who had been in the sun for quite some time, was inspired to get out of orbit and appreciate the dazzling beauty of our planet.

And the beauty of this primordial world is created by the boundless Ocean of Light, transforming the Earth into a bright planet.

Make the ocean more majestic. The area of the entire Earth is estimated at 510 million km 2, of which approximately 361 million km 2 (70.8%) is covered with water. If you look at the ice fields, which cover 11% of the land, then it turns out that the Earth is covered with water not 361, but 380 million km 2, that is, 75% of its surface.

It is estimated that the volume of water in the ocean is approximately 1370 million km 3 . Tsikavo, which has touched the dry land, which rises above the level of the sea, is getting close 111 million cubic kilometers, then ten and a half times less, less water.

Approximately 4% of the planet’s total water falls on lakes, rivers, underground (more precisely, internal ground) waters and the atmosphere, and the basin of water fills a giant bowl called the Ocean of Light.

Did the stars appear on Earth with such a great volume of water? For centuries, thinkers have been searching for evidence on this topic. Nina is officially recognized by science hypothesis of degassing of the Earth , therefore, there are 4 billions of reasons for this, after the earth’s crust had left, through cracks in the crust and vents of volcanoes, a stream of baked magma emerged with the instant release of gases, water vapor and hot water to the surface. The beginning of the degassing process is influenced by the beginning of the geological history of the Earth and the beginning of the formation of the hydrosphere.

The beginning of the process of degassing, once the Earth's water appears, is confirmed, for example, by the fact that in the most recent rocks of the earth's crust, which are estimated to be 3.8 billion years old, it was found that there are fragments of single-celled organisms, such as and could have been punished due to the presence of rare water.

For approximately the first billion years of the planet's existence, the upper mantle succumbed to the active process of degassing, as water and acidic products of degassing of the mantle fluid were carried to the surface of the Earth. The volume of water that came from above the Earth increased from 0 to 1.3 km 3 on the river. Nearly 2.5 billion years ago, the average depth of water in the ocean probably did not exceed 2000 meters. Approximately 1.7 billion years ago, the chemical storage of ocean waters and the earth's atmosphere became close to daily. The volume of water that comes from above the Earth has changed significantly and the water level has become approximately 0.25 km 3 on the river. This means that the degassing process will continue, which is confirmed by volcanic activity on Earth, which is still not accepted.

The hypothesis looks logical and entirely scientific. In truth, it was not from outer space that water came from the ancient depression of the earth’s crust. And if later, with the appearance of the atmosphere, the water poured out of the gloom, then all the same after the walks there was earthly, fragments of gloom took over the condensate of water vapor that came out from above the Earth.

These hypotheses give rise to doubts. For example, these authors (V.S. Safronov, O.G. Sorokhtin and others) believe that the rise of the young Earth was followed by the fall of cosmic bodies on the surface, and they often report radio waves active disintegration of nuclei of important elements. It is important to contend with the drive of radioactive decay, but what kind of small mass would these hypothetical cosmic bodies be, so that their impacts on the surface of the Earth could ignite their core? On the other hand, should we warm up the water, because the stench was hot? But let's not go out of sight.

Oceanologists respect that The water circuit on Earth is not closed The fragments through the rift cracks from the surface of the planet usually reach approximately 0.25 km 3 of water. Part of the water that rises in the form of steam to the upper spheres of the atmosphere, under the influence of sleep and cosmic vibration, is decomposed into water and sour and goes into space.

It is well known that rift cracks are fractures of the earth’s crust that occur at the boundaries of the lithospheric plates in zones where the plates are subducted one at a time. The process by which the lithospheric plates move towards each other is called in geology spreading. The giant rift crack, which formed in the spreading zone, for example, moves the entire Atlantic Ocean along the meridian straight in the middle.

Otje, The ocean has been throughout the entire geological history of the Earth. . Є facts to bring to the conclusion. For example, at the end of Greenland in the 70s of the twentieth century, a siege weed was discovered, which is estimated at 3.76 billion rocks. This means that even then, in the era of catharchea, siege formations began to take hold as a result of the circulation of water between the ocean, the atmosphere and the land.

Note: Katarchean is a geological era that occurs immediately after the pre-geological era. The severity of catarchaea is estimated at 800 million rubles (vs. 3500 to 2700 million roki).

Russian volcanologists said that from the erupted volcano, some water vapor becomes about 3% of the mass of erupted rivers. It became clear that this magnitude accurately reflects the relationship between the masses of the current hydrosphere (1.46 * 106) and the earth's crust (4.7 * 107). Who has other confirmation of the permanent presence of the hydrosphere on the earth’s core.

The third proof of the continuous and uninterrupted flow of the ocean is the discovery of surplus and waste bodies of ancient living organisms. In this way, living on Earth without interruption, it is a matter of three billions of rocks, and its prosperity is ensured by the ocean. Life itself arose in the ocean as a result of the trivial interaction of various speeches that developed in the sea water. Now this hypothesis is largely unknown. Why may? Because it is necessary to avoid any doubts again. And if there is doubt, then it is a stimulus for further thought. But one thing is certain: the evolution of the organic world is directly connected with the appearance and development of the water layer of the Earth. Just as life in the ocean gave birth to three billion years of life, then more than 600 million years of life came to land.

The top hundred-meter layer of ocean water is filled with endless photosynthetic single-cell algae. These microorganisms, together with other plants that live near the water, produce sourness and remove carbon dioxide from the sea water. There is a constant exchange of gases between the water and the atmosphere. Tse means that The ocean plays a very important role in the balance of life and prosperity on the entire planet..

It’s unlikely that you need to bring it up The ocean is of greatest importance as a source of food resources for people. At this time, due to the constant growth of the Earth's population and the often unreasonable, predatory exploitation of human biological resources in the ocean, the marine industry is essentially reaching its boundaries. The hour has come when it is necessary not only to obtain creatures and plants in the seas, but also to breed and cultivate many of their species in the same way as people have been tired of working on land for thousands of years.

The ocean stores a large amount of salts and other minerals needed by humans. Under the bottom of the shelf and ocean bed there are deposits of vugill, oil and gas, the development of which has long been taking place in rich countries.

The ocean can be seen in its entirety colossal energy accumulator, because there is still little vikorism. It won't be long before the scale of human life, and natural reserves of oil, gas, rock coal and radioactive ores will be exhausted. Then the ocean will become the main source of energy for industrial and everyday needs. True, it is much more important to obtain energy from the ocean, rather than simply burning gas, coal and naphtha refining products in the furnaces.

How can we talk about the meaning of the ocean? head of transport links between continents, then it should be noted that the construction of sea routes does not require the same “road surfaces” or slats. Reliable transport facilities are required to transport people, residents and related coastal infrastructure. And this is due to the economical superiority of sea routes over land routes. Another point is that sea prices and cargo transportation are significantly less secure than those on land. This urges all designers to steadily complete the design and promote the reliability of the ships not without military, but also national recognition.

About 2/3 of the Earth's surface is occupied by the Light Ocean, which is divided into oceans, seas, inlets, channels, bays, etc.

Inland water bodies include rivers and lakes located on continents and islands. In life, stench plays a great, often primary role, being:

- By means of communication (communication), head transport arteries;

- Sources of food resources, energy, cheese and materials;

- In the meantime, the end, the rise of conflicts (wars).

Rivers, seas and oceans account for approximately 60% of all world cargo and passenger transport between countries and continents. And also in the middle of the continents by internal water routes. Sea transport is the most efficient.

One pick-up car holds 40-70 tons of cargo; train of 50 wagons » 2500 tons. Vessel with average weight of 40-50 thousand. It accommodates about 20 such trains, not to mention supertankers (up to 700 thousand tons) and vessels of greater capacity.

The Light Ocean has large reserves of commercial cheese:

the water itself, the salts, the divisions in it, the isotopes of water, deuterium, tritium, important water, which is used in atomic energy;

Ø salizomanganese nodules, ores of other metals, polymetals;

Ø offshore naphtha and gas.

In addition, the energy of the ocean is inexhaustible: tides, winds, changes in salinity, temperature (all of which can be a source of energy).

All the people want to learn and master the water element, creating get it:

Ø transfer by water;

Ø penetration of the ocean;

Ø transportation of goods by water;

Ø a bottle of seafood, commercial raw materials and energy from the ocean;

Ø maintenance of ships and port vessels.

With the development of marriage comes the specialization of production and the internationalization of the secular dominion. The role of commercial transport is growing, and maritime transport is becoming more common. There is a need to increasingly refine the vessels and methods of mastering the Light Ocean.

Fishing vessels are becoming more sophisticated and more highly specialized in the production of new types of seafood (trawlers, seiners, crab fishermen, tuna fishermen, etc.). In addition, for combat operations at sea, the most sophisticated and sophisticated combat vessels (ships) are created.

Floating sea vessels are also being created: piers, ports and spaceports. Human activity is increasingly moving to the sea: experimental organizations testing life under water (Cousteau, US laboratories). In Japan, artificial islands are pouring out of the outlets, which are used to live on them.

Illustrations of technical developments to harness ocean energy:

Ø tidal station;

cow structures on the surface of the water;

Ø temperature settings;

Ø installation of changes in salinity and so on.

Topic 6

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WONDER MORE:

Dopovid: The importance of the ocean of light

IMPORTANCE OF THE LIGHT OCEAN

The significance of the Light Ocean for humans and every living thing is great, so it is important to evaluate it. For a long time, the Ocean of Light was one of the main cores of life on Earth. It has not only a rich and diverse flora and fauna, but also a great reserve of bark copalina. Today, the Ocean of Light is the richest source of resources on the planet. The ocean is being developed as a source of biological and mineral resources, as well as space for the development of navigation, and, ultimately, a health and wellness environment.

In the meantime, the possibilities of developing the territory of the Light Ocean for tourism are growing. Thus, the ocean gives all its riches to mankind, and thus there is a problem of its rational development.

The low temperature of the Light Ocean and its great thermal inertia play the most important paleogeographical role. Glibin balls are not only a long-term heat regulator of the Earth system.

Change the heat exchange between the deep ocean and the surface ones, and the direction of the surface currents can change over a period of tens of years, then. It is extremely quick, taking into account the size of the Light Ocean, which can lead to such a sudden change in the natural situation.

The water has a high thermal capacity, which allows it to accumulate heat in the summer, which lies on the territory that is harmful to all living things.

During the winter, the ocean releases accumulated heat, keeping everything alive from freezing. In addition, the ocean is a source of atmospheric fallout.

Oceans, seas, and fresh waters are the most important source of food for the population of the Earth.

The fish catch is steadily increasing (at the beginning of the century - 3 million tons per river, at a time - over 80 million tons). The seas and oceans are not only filled with fish, but also with valuable orchards and firewood. From under the seabed you can find naphtha and vugilla. Manganese ore, cobalt, nickel and other types of metals are found near the water as nodules, which can be collected and drawn to the surface. There are also a lot of brown rivers that disintegrate in sea water.

Sea water, which is also a storehouse of the Light Ocean, has a lot of mineral resources and elements that are included in the periodic table. Seawater contains sodium, chlorine, bromine and magnesium.

In connection with the growing light populations, a greater amount of energy is required, which served as a supply for the flow of the Light Ocean as a source of electricity.

In addition to being derived from the waters of various resources, the Light Ocean has another transport function, being one of its main channels.

In the future, there will be an obvious development of the world economy and maritime transport. It is important to note here that global sea transport has dropped to a record high of 6.76 billion tons.
The deadweight of the light fleet reached 895.8 million tons. The ocean of light is driven not only by passenger traffic, but also by passenger traffic.

RESOURCES OF THE LIGHT OCEAN

In the opinion of many oceanographers, the ocean of light is a magnificent body of various natural resources that can be completely equaled with the resources of the earth’s land.

First of all, the sea water itself will provide such riches.

The target is to reach 1370 million km3, or 96.5% of the entire hydrosphere. Each inhabitant of the Earth receives approximately 270 million m3 of sea water. This is similar to such drainage basins as Mozhaisk on Moskva Ritsa. Moreover, sea water contains 75 chemical elements: kitchen salt, magnesium, potassium, bromine, uranium, gold.

Sea water can also be used to remove iodine.

In other words, the Ocean of Light is rich in mineral resources that are found from its bottom. The most important is naphtha and gas produced from the continental shelf.

We will take control of 90% of all resources that are currently recovered from the seabed. The marine vidobottle of naphtha at the gas station becomes approximately 1/3. It turns out that until the year 2000, half of all the oil that is found on Earth comes from the sea.

Significant naphtha production is currently taking place near the Persian Butt, near the Pivnichny Sea, and near the Venezuelan Butt. Great evidence has been accumulated in the developed underwater oil and gas fields in Azerbaijan (Caspian Sea), USA (Mexican inlet and the coast of California).

The main wealth of the deep-sea bed of the ocean is manganese nodules, which contain up to 30 different metals.

The stench was discovered at the bottom of the Light Ocean back in the 70s of the 19th century by the English research vessel Challenger. The largest share of salizomanganese nodules comes from the Pacific Ocean (16 million).

km). The first evidence of a nodule species was collected by the United States near the Hawaiian Islands.

Thirdly, the great potential of energy resources in the waters of the Light Ocean. The greatest progress has been achieved in the sphere of vicoristic energy of tides and currents. It has been established that the greatest potential for the creation of great tidal stations is in 25 places on Earth. Great resources of tidal energy lie in the following countries: France, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, Argentina, USA, Russia.

The greatest potential of these regions is explained by the fact that the height of the tide here reaches 10-15 m. Russia occupies one of the first places among the world in terms of potential reserves of tidal energy. The stench is especially great on the shores of the White, Barents and Okhotsk seas. Their total energy exceeds the energy that hydroelectric power stations in the region generate today.

In some parts of the world, projects involving the generation of energy and flow are being developed.

Fourthly, we cannot forget about the biological resources of the Light Ocean: plants (algae) and creatures (fish, salmon, mollusks, crustaceans). The total amount of biomass in the ocean is expected to reach 35 billion.

tons, of which 0.5 billion tons fall on fish. As on land, the Light Ocean has more productive territories. The stench permeates the flat shelf and peripheral parts of the ocean. The most productive in the world are the Norwegian, Bering, Okhotsk, and Japanese Seas. Ocean spaces, which are characterized by low productivity, occupy approximately 2/3 of the ocean's area.

Above 85% of the biomass, like human beings, become fish. A tiny part is covered with algae.

By feeding on fish, molluscs, crustaceans, caught in the Light Ocean, humanity can provide itself with 20% of the proteins from animal sources. Biomass in the ocean is also harvested to extract high-calorie feed hogs for livestock production.

The remaining fate in the world is increasingly becoming aware of the breeding of various types of organisms on artificially created marine plantations.

These industries are called mariculture. The development of mariculture in Japan (oysters-perlin), China (oysters-perlin), USA (oysters and mussels), France (oysters), Australia (oysters), the Netherlands (oysters, mussels), Mediterranean countries of Europe (Middles). In Russia, near the seas of the Far East, you grow sea cabbage (kelp), sea combs.

The rapid development of technology and technology has led to the acquisition of the ocean's resources for the sovereign, and its problems have become global in nature.

There are plenty of problems to solve. The stench is associated with a polluted ocean, a decrease in its biological productivity, and the development of mineral and energy resources.

The violence of the ocean was especially aggravated by the remaining rocks, which sharply increased the obsession of the new one. Intense government activity led to an increase in water pollution. Accidents of naphtha loading vessels, drilling platforms, and the release of naphtha-contaminated water from vessels have a particularly detrimental effect on the ecological situation in the World Ocean. Particularly cloudy marginal seas: Pivnichne, Baltic, Seredzemne, Perska Zatoka.

The waters of the Light Ocean become clouded with industrial outputs, household outputs and waste.

Severe pollution of the Light Ocean has reduced the biological productivity of the ocean.

For example, the Sea of Azov is even more clogged with mineral deposits from the fields. As a result, the fish productivity of fish and water dropped significantly. In the Baltic Sea, severe pollution has reduced biological life in 1/4 of its water area.

The problem of the Light Ocean is the problem of the future of all civilization, depending on how reasonable humanity is to believe them to lie in its future.

The challenges facing these challenges will require stronger international efforts to coordinate the oceans. In recent years, it has been accepted low internationally to delimit the obstructed waters of the ocean.

Entertain the abstract

The role of oceans and seas in human life

A planet that is alive can more rightly be called “planet-ocean”, or “planet-earth”. Even the area of the Light Ocean is more than 2 times greater than the area of all land. If all the continents were covered with the water of the Light Ocean, then a ball of water would be created 9 km! There are 1370 million in the oceans. km 3 drive! There is a lot of water on Earth, and it is present in its nature.

The ocean of light is a regulator of the Earth's climate. It accumulates heat as it flows in and releases heat. The water of the surface sphere of the Light Ocean, heating up near the tropical latitude, moves at the southern latitude and in the afternoon, to Antarctica, and at the depths, the cold water collapses from high latitudes to the equator. If there were no such exchange of water masses between the tropics and high latitudes, then the tropical heat and polar cold would be so strong that the life of most living things that live at these latitudes would become impossible.

The peculiarities of the climate of the coastal states are associated with sea currents.

Flows cool and warm the climate. So, in Norway at 60° Mon. w. The average temperature here is the same as in New York, which lies at 20°, so at 2160 km for the afternoon. It is explained that the influx of warm Sub-Atlantic Current flows along the coast of Norway. This river warms both the Barents Sea and our port of Murmansk, which never freezes.

As a result, keep track of the wind temperature throughout the entire day in Europe. Due to the Northern-Atlantic Current, the average temperature in England increases by 15 °, and in Norway by 20-25 ° higher than the temperature for similar latitudes on the other ocean.

At these latitudes, on the similar coast of Canada, where the cold Greenland Current flows through, a lot of ice flows into the Arctic Ocean.

At night in the Pacific Ocean, along the shores of the Radyansky Union, a cold current passes, which brings a cold influx to the climate of the coastal areas. At these latitudes near the Pacific part of Canada it is much warmer.

The sea is an arena of work for millions of people.

In order to manage the sailing and fishing of one sailor, 20 people work on land in ports: in shipbuilding factories, netting and rope factories and other enterprises.

More than 100 million people, residents of the coast, are otherwise connected with the sea. Since recent times, the oceans and seas have been a road that connects different regions. And nowadays, maritime transport plays an important role in the royal and cultural life of peoples. Over 65% of world transport traffic is carried by the maritime fleet. Sea transport is 40% cheaper for transport. Large tankers with a water capacity of 55-210 thousand. i.e. replace 50-200 sliding pulls with 50 leather cars.

With the development of technology, the efficiency of the maritime fleet increases.

So, for example, ships on underwater wings develop a speed of 100 km in a year.

During the SRSR, about 65% of all passengers and over 14 million passengers on the river were transported by the navy. Leningrad, Murmansk, Odessa, Vladivostok and many other places quickly developed as ports to unite our region with the rest of the world.

The development of port areas in other countries is also related to the international transport of goods and passengers. In New York, for example, the berthing line for ships exceeds 900 km.

Ocean water is an inexhaustible mixture of various chemical minerals. It destroys all the chemical elements of Mendelev’s periodic system, including gold and radioactive elements.

Water is a miracle worker. In the middle at 1 T sea water broken 35 kg There are still very few different salts available. This is on the right side of the future.

A lot of kitchen salt is obtained from sea water in India, Italy, France, Spain, and the United States. They are evaporated in special custom evaporation pools, at which time access to sea water is allowed. Already, a quarter of a world's worth of salt is prepared from sea water. The reserves of rock salt on land are large, otherwise they will be depleted.

The Ocean of Light will forever be deprived of an inexhaustible amount of kitchen salt. We can boldly say that humanity will not be in danger of being left without salt.

At the lower edges, sea water is the main source of magnesium. In the USA, more than 250 thousand magnesium is extracted from sea water. T On the river, it should become more than 50% of the consumption of this metal.

In England, 4/5 of the magnesium requirement is met through the processing of sea water. Excuses of magnesium species from the sea are also in Italy, France, Tunisia and other countries.

Bromine practically cannot be extracted from minerals, so its only source is sea water. Want at 1 T sea water bromine only 65 G the total is 40 times larger than the average in the earth's crust. Bromine reserves in the Light Ocean amount to 90 thousand. billion T.

The light level of bromine from sea water is still 100 thousand. T And the drink will increase in the world. The first plant for removing bromine from sea water was built in our country back in 1916; in Krima.

From that hour, the amount of bromine increased significantly. Marine bromine is found in the USA, Canada, Brazil, France, Japan, India and other countries.

Bromine is used for medicinal purposes, it is included in the warehouse of rich barberries, photographic preparations, and added to the fire for internal combustion engines. The sea water also contains potassium, which is important because it is good.

There have been a number of accusations in England, Japan and other countries.

The technology for removing brown streams from ocean waters is still in use. filthy disorganized. It is very important to extract brown sandstones from sea water, and you often end up with more fruits than you can find on land. Ale is more than “yet” and “yet”. Ways to quickly improve the video boot. If the exploration of ocean waters is carried out in a comprehensive manner, then a small amount of brown streams can be immediately removed from them, thereby reducing the cost of production.

People can then recover great reserves of rivers that are destroyed in the waters of the Light Ocean. Water, which comes from the breakdown of its chemical elements, is suitable for irrigating fields and cleaning areas. For the approval of the All-Union Institute of Galurgy (Salt Institute) for the complex processing of sea water on the skin 10 thousand. T grub salt comes out 1700 T raw plaster, 370 T potash dobriv, about 2000 T magnesia, 26 T Brom other words.

Some elements that are found in sea water were initially discovered in the body of living organisms and then in sea water.

Thus, in England, the element of noobia was discovered in the body of ascidians, and then in useless quantities near the water of the Plymouth inlet, from the bottom of which the ascidians were taken. Sea creatures can be processed and concentrated in various rare substances.

Mollusks, for example, consume a lot of mussels, ascidians - vanadium, radiolarians - strontium, jellyfish - zinc, tin, lead, algae and sponges - iodine. Laminaria algae concentrate a lot of aluminum, bacteria – sulfur, water and other substances.

Someday, it may be possible to discover “biological methods” for extracting rare substances from sea water.

Drywater lagoons are individually populated by organisms that bury nickel, cobalt, cerium, cesium, uranium, thorium, vanadium, molybdenum, radium, and then from their bodies a “concentrate” of one of these Removals are produced using chemical methods on an industrial scale. Iodine has long been removed from seaweeds so that it can grow in shallow waters near the shore.

Expeditions of Radian scientists on the Vityaz discovered thousands of square miles of seabed in various areas of the ocean, covered with salivary-manganese nodules.

This hard stone is the size of a pea to a stone, the size of two fists. They contain manganese and minerals, which make up the bulk of nodules, containing copper, nickel, cobalt and a lot of rare elements. The process of accumulation of various substances in nodules is completely unknown, but the scale of this phenomenon is striking.

So, for example, cobalt reserves on the continents are estimated at millions of tons, and in nodules on the ocean floor there are thousands of times more.

The Crimea of the oceans is especially rich in nodules near the Kara Sea. And the stench is also in the Baltic and Barents seas.

The underground reserves of salvage-manganese nodules are colossal: 200 billion. T. The Pacific Ocean has 100 billion. T, and reshta in the Atlantic and Indian.

The USA has a plan for the production of salizo-manganese nodules in a size of 5 thousand. T na dobu. Specially equipped ships trawling them from the bottom at depths of 4-5 km. Then the ore is delivered to the nearest port, where factories will be created for processing this valuable ore.

The sea waters contain a lot of the most valuable speeches, for example, naphtha.

In our region, an ever-increasing expanse of coastal waters of the Caspian Sea is covered with overpasses and maidans, from which they drill and extract naphtha from above the seabed.

The deposits are spread over many kilometers from the coast. Widespread offshore naphtha industries are located in coastal waters off the Caribbean Sea and in Mexico. Marine naphtha industries have become especially popular off the coast of Venezuela.

The sea itself helps with the richness of the earth's treasures, and in small amounts. The hvili, running onto the shore, destroy it, grind the thin material.

Humping around, the stinks will bury pebbles, sand, and mules. In this case, important material settles near the shore. The flexible material contains such valuable and rare elements as vanadium, titanium, radioactive ones, etc.

For thousands of years, the sea needles have been doing such a job of sorting out various parts, so that people can’t call for help with thorough washing sieves.

Masses of these valuable rivers are concentrated on beaches and coastal sediments.

In some places, for example in modern India, the concentration of radioactive substances near the coastal sands is so high that the stench serves as a brine for the nuclear industry.

The ocean contains great reserves of fish, natural shellfish, crustaceans and algae.

The international catch is 45 million per river. T(Based on data from the UN). Less than 10% of them are found in fresh waters, while in the seas and oceans. The first place in the industry

take up fish - 85%, then whales - 6%, mollusks and crustaceans - 8% and algae - 1%. The largest number of fish are found in the spring fish. The largest fishing areas in the Great Britain are located near the coasts of Africa, Great America, Indonesia, and Australia.

The Atlantic and Pacific oceans provide 88% of the world's production, the frozen part of the Arctic Ocean (Barents, Norwegian, Greenland Seas) – 7%, the Indian Ocean – 5%.

In the marine fishing industry, the most important species are oseledets (oseledets, sardines, anchovies). There are over 14 million of them. T on the river In another place, cods are planted – over 5 million. T, including mackerel and tuna - over 2 million. T, then flounder – over 1 million. T. Salmon species reach 500 thousand. T.

The species that are especially abundant are distant-migrating salmon, chum salmon, pink salmon, chavich salmon, and red salmon.

This hedgehog is popular in China, Japan, India and other countries. Regardless of the thoroughness of modern fishing technology - heavy vessels, different lines, acoustic devices that help detect fish, fishing can still be called a field - people search the seas and oceans for fish For whales, he hunts down species and catches them.

Among the sea creatures there were many “pulling” ones that were easily trained, for example, dolphins, who could “graze” schools of fish no more than sheepdogs in sheep pastures. Todi fishing keruvatimut rukh rybnikh zgrai. It is possible that electrical structures will be built to separate the breeding ground of fish. With the help of acoustic devices, people will call fish and whales. The same population will change in different areas. Already, Radyansky scholars have accumulated evidence about the acclimatization of fish.

This is just the beginning of great work from the expansion and increase in the wealth of commercial creatures of the oceans and seas. It is necessary to harvest “non-greasy” creatures (sea stars, sea urchins and other unpretentious things) as food for birds and to fertilize fields.

The ocean contains great reserves of energy. Apparently, under the influence of the forces of gravity that go from Sun to Month, sea tides and tides rise on the Earth.

Water takes two days or once to get to the shore, often flooding large expanses.

The rush of water in some places rises several meters.

Such a regular flow of water contains enormous reserves of energy. Nina's energy to the ocean begins to vikorist. France already has a tidal hydroelectric power station. Stinks are projected in the USSR and other countries. The big drawback of such power plants is the unevenness of the robot: the stench does not work consistently for renewed vigor. They can also be turned on before the energy system. In the USSR, a number of tidal power plant projects are being developed: at Lumbi Bay, at Murman, at the rivers of pp.

Mezen and Kuloya are at the bottom of the Mezen inlet, and then in the Penzhinsk inlet of the Sea of Okhotsk, where the tides reach 13 m height The ocean is closely connected with numerous continents and with the space that stretches above it, especially with the Sun and the Moon.

About 448 thousand are vaporized from the surface of the Light Ocean. km 3 drive Of them 107 thousand. km 3 falls over land.

So the ocean brings land that is far from its shores. The earth is saturated with it, the earth is green, grains ripen in the fields, vegetables in the cities, fruits in the gardens. And as if there were no place far from the seashore, where we live, we receive gifts from the ocean everywhere.

The stench lies on the shelves of stores in front of packets of salt, barrels of fish, neat cans of canned food and a variety of other products. You walk along the street and admire the lining of the budinki: white, stale slabs. “Batkivshchyna” vapnyaku is the abyss of the sea. Flying high in the sky. Metal metal, for whatever reason, contains magnesium obtained from sea water. Here are parts of the great Ocean of Light.

Even the wealth of his riches is already being profited by the people, but there is no sign of a thousandth part of what can be extracted from his depths.

The hour will come when people, equipped with the latest technology, will lose all the riches of the underwater world.

Underwater seafood

The pharmacy sells seaweed and seaweed, which are stocked with seaweed. You can buy canned vegetables and seaweed at the grocery store. Seaweed is one of 70 types of seaweed that are suitable for growing.

In this case, a large amount of seaweed contains the same living substances, vitamins and mineral salts that are found in vegetables. Residents along the Irish Sea rely on vikoryst as a seasoning for their porphyry. Seaweeds become an essential part of the grub diet of the Chinese and Japanese, who live on the seashore.

Japan is not content with “wild” algae and creates underwater plantations.

Algae grow and harvest on them. From one hectare you can collect 3-4 times more algae than from a fire meadow. Most natural algae grow in cold waters. In some countries, acclimatization of cold-loving algae in warm waters is successfully carried out. Sea algae mixes with the food of thinness and lives like goodness. The products of the processing of algae are widely used in the food industry, for example, in the preparation of frost, creams and zucchini; in the textile industry - for fastening the preparation of fabrics.

More than a dozen speeches can be named that are found in algae and are widely used in various industries. Recently, to collect “underwater crops,” special self-propelled mowers have been designed and successfully installed, which dry on the bottom, unfortunately, through their scope, the stench causes great harm to the ecology of the seas and oceans.

The role of the Light Ocean in life on Earth. The flow of the ocean onto the climate, soil, vegetation and creaturely light of the land. Characteristics of the power of water are salinity and temperature. Ice making process. The particularity of the energy of water, tidal currents, and currents.

Cryosphere of the Light Ocean

Characteristics and change of the krizhany cover of the Light Ocean.

The crunchy cover of the Pivnichnaya and Pivdennya pivkuliya. Power of sea ice: salinity, porosity, thickness, specific heat, heat of phase transitions, thermal conductivity. See the drift of the ice.

course work, add 07/26/2015

Resources of the Light Ocean and prospects for their exploration

A short description of the mineral resources of the oceans of the planet.

Causes of environmental problems. The strength of the light is strong enough to overcome the slow flow of light into the ocean of light. The energy of tides and tides. Ice traps of Antarctica and the Arctic.

course work, add 03/31/2014

Light Ocean Resources

Rare, gas-like, fractured and solid mineral resources.

The largest oil and gas basins on the Atlantic shelf. Energy potential of ocean currents. Phytoplankton and zooplankton. Developing the resources of the Light Ocean.

abstract, addition 04/16/2013

Mineral resources of the Light Ocean

The main differences are in the relief of the bottom of the Light Ocean.

Resources of the Light Ocean Continental shelf, continental shelf, continental foothills. Rare ore. Komori of the ocean floor. Deep-water ore sediments of hydrothermal exploration. Above the seabed.

course work, add 12/16/2015

Secrets of the oceans

Oceans, seas, continental reservoirs and ice.

Water coating of the earth. The carnage of the ocean floor. The shelf zone is the zone of the continental schema. Riches for the ocean, sea fish. Fresh water supplies are growing. The flow of water in different parts of the ocean.

presentation, addition 02/26/2012

Naftogaz resources of the Light Ocean

Significant characteristics, resources and trends in the development of the Light Ocean.

Analysis of reserves, price and economic value of the world's largest naphtha and gas reserves, prospects for their development. See the cloudiness of the waters of the Light Ocean and ways to fight them.

course work, add 07/22/2010

Indian Ocean. Peculiarities of nature

History of exploration and exploration of the Indian Ocean. The main factors are the topography of the ocean floor. Continental edges of the Indian Ocean.

Sunda island arc. Roslyn's and creature's world.

Circulation of surface waters in the shallow part of the Indian Ocean.

course work, add 07/10/2015

Water cycle: water in the atmosphere

Vaporization is a process in which water from the ocean or from the surface of the Earth enters the atmosphere. Saturation of the surface with water vapor, condensation process. The main types of frost, their classification by form, instead of drops of water and crystals of ice.

abstract, addition 05/13/2010

Comprehensive physical and geographical characteristics of the Pacific Ocean

The relief of the bottom of the Pacific Ocean is geological.

Underwater edges of continents. Mid-ocean ridges are the bed of the ocean. Divided the salinity of the waters, the climate and the currents. The phytoplankton of the Pacific Ocean, this creature's world, is rich in minerals.

abstract, addition 03/19/2016

Biological resources of the Light Ocean

The main elements of the bottom topography, salinity and temperature of the waters of the Light Ocean.

Biological resources, exploration and geographical expansion across the oceans. Part of aquaculture in the production of fish and shellfish. Features of the fishing industry.

During the process of its evolution, people learned how to exploit the resources of the light ocean, and how to extract them. The significance of the light ocean for people is so great that it is important to understand and appreciate it. Every one of us is obliged to think about the purity of the “wheel of light”, and in the future, relying on caution, we will not notice it.

Thermoregulation

The ocean of light is a great battery. The building can accumulate heat and supply it when the cold season comes, in order to warm up the earthlings. The influx, taking away most of the sedative viprominuvans, is the equatorial edges of the vigor. This distinction is explained by the great presence of salts in the great mass of water.

Small 1. Coral Reef

Sirovinne dzherelo

The rest of the time, the fish catch reaches the unsafe boundary. Beginning in the 17th century, the number of seafood products sold increased steadily. Today's figures are about 22 kg per person on earth. fish on the river Just a few more days and the ocean will not be able to reach and renew their created light.

The economic importance of the ocean lies in the fact that there is a rich, unexplored reservoir of valuable fossil fuel resources - gas and oil. There are a lot of expensive ores, of which only a small amount is found on land, but there is a surplus at sea. This is manganese, cobalt, nickel.

The tension of water masses is a potential source of unextracted energy. So far, this area has not been sufficiently developed, but it is a good analogue of nuclear power plants.

Small 2. Beauty of the ocean

Briefly, what is the role of the ocean in life:

TOP 4 statisticswhat to read at the same time

Let’s accumulate some sleepy light;
What matters is the weather and climate of the planet;
Supply of fresh water to the hydrosphere;
Select the function that filters;
It cleanses the air and releases kisen into the atmosphere of saturation;
Dzherelo seafood;
Dzherelo mineral resources;
Dzherelo energy;
Transport ally;
Center for recreational resources and tourism.

However, in addition to the positive infusion of nature and people, the ocean is losing out on the negative and even unsafe work. Wine is the cause of tsunamis, storms and hurricanes.

The largest tsunami in human history occurred in 2014 on the shores of the Indian Ocean. This ruinous force took the lives of 240,000 people. 14 countries were affected, and several islands were erased from the Earth.

Small 3. Tsunami

Problems of the Light Ocean and their vertex

Of course, considering the problems of the oceans, it is important to note that a disastrous influx is coming to us directly through over-industry. The more people you have, the more you consume. There is a greater need to produce cheese and fish, and the Earth's resources will be used more. People have hampered their activity because of the water on the floor, so that the ocean does not come to process all the products of life. Unsafe oil spills or tanker accidents highlight the unsafe nature of the extinct underwater life.

In 1957, the International Oceanographic Commission under UNESCO was created. Main tasks:

More than ever, the sea depths are safely absorbed;
follow the rational use of resources;
Protect the riches of the Light Ocean and preserve the purity of its waters.

What did we find out?

The ocean of light plays a great role for nature and people. In front of us, Vin is a strong regulator of the climate and weather of our planet. It retains heat and flows onto the boards. The rational use of the resources of the Light Ocean and the most important problem of its obstruction is the locking up of the life of all humanity in the future.

Test on the topic

Povid assessment

Average rating: 4.2. Usyogo otrimano ratings: 194.

The seas and oceans play a vital role in preserving the environment, blending into the climate of the earth’s climate and ensuring the balance of the world’s hydrological system. The oceans and seas are the main source of acid, which vibrates with phytoplankton. If water had a special ability to absorb heat, most of the Earth would be deserted. Oceans cool the tropics, bring heat to cold areas, and regulate temperatures throughout the planet. The ocean of light is rightly called “the lungs of the earth.” Vibrating more than half of the sourness, the ocean dissolves the sour-carbon dioxide balance in the atmosphere, which is necessary for life on our planet.

The seas and oceans are of great recreational importance. There are thriving resorts on the seashores, and people rejoice and rejoice. The USSR has Black Sea sanatoriums, holiday homes and tourist bases that support the river for millions of people. The care and service of people in the minds of the maritime climate have become a special focus of the resort and tourism industry. Lots of people take up sea sports.

Today, people increasingly associate the word “ocean” with the development of mineral-chemical, energy and grub resources. The riches of the ocean are truly incalculable. Enormous reserves of certain elements of the periodic system are concentrated in salizomanganese nodules that cover large areas of the bottom of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans.

In many areas of the Light Ocean, the bottom is literally lined with great salivary-manganese nodules. Sometimes the stench is so strong that the bottom smells like a brook. Fahivtsi rejoiced that the reserves of these nodules are astronomical figures - 300-350 billion tons. The dramatic increase in reserves outweighs the entire river demand of the world economy for manganese, cobalt and rich others elements. And if nodules begin to lie at depths of 4-6 km, farmers are increasingly coming to the site, so that in the future their type of production will be completely profitable.

Born in 1975 Japan has first developed practical methods for extracting uranium from sea water on an industrial scale. The Ministry of Finance has allocated 1975 rubles for the national budget. 130 million yen. The installation was completed and was put into operation in 1981. Fahivtsi admit that already in 1990. The seawater will produce 2,250 tons of uranium, or approximately 15% of all nuclear fuel needed for Japan's nuclear power plants. And although the uranium extracted in sea water is twice as expensive as the type of uranium extracted from the earth, Japan is ready to spend on it due to the energy crisis.

At the bottom of the seas and oceans, about 20% of all oil is produced. Continental shelves are especially rich in naphtha.

Thousands of natural species of algae, molluscs, crustaceans, fish, and valuable vegetables linger in the waters of the Light Ocean. The seaweed contains even valuable biological substances, such as milk for the medical industry.

As a result of the research of Radian oceanographers, as well as based on data obtained from other countries, it was established that the coastal production in the ocean of traditional fishing facilities is up to 90-100 million tons, and such a quantity can be caught without destroying natural creation and renewing reserves. Yakshcho born 1975 The world volume has increased to 70 million tons, so it is possible to further increase the volume by 20-30 million tons[...]

In view of the growth of light-weight fish and other industrial objects, we are aware that many countries are aware of a shortage in protein products, which can be replenished by the development of ocean and sea fisheries.

I wondered what happened in 1977. The population of the Earth was over 4 billion people, and in 2000, according to UN regulations, it reached 6.5-7.0 billion people. The increase in the production of food products and especially protein products is associated with an increase in the population of the planet. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), more than 1-1.5 billion people have enough protein in their diet, and 2.5-3.0 billion people have protein hunger, and a significant part - even a strong step. People's minds are naturally more inclined to exploit biological resources in the ocean.