Battlefield 1812. Borodin battle between Russia and France. Beat for Utytsky Lis

Bully, be ignorant without describing the greatest battle Vіtchiznyanoї vіyni 1812 rock.

Napoleon on the Borodinsky Visota

V.V. Vereshchagin, "Napoleon on the Borodinsky Visot"

The whole day of the Battle of Borodin is 26 serpnya, 1812, to fate. Napoleon passionately wanted a general battle; he was afraid, he was not fooled, he was not deceived. I got up about the third year of the wound, for a short recovery, and do not marvel at the cold, as I saw this evening, taking up the seething activity. First word buli: "How to be afraid of the Russians?"- Having lost sight of the message, our visitors got lost in the mice, we got even more suggestions, and we didn’t think about it, saying that we chose to do it in the absence of the officers: "Christmas cakes are cold, a little more clear: tse sun of Austerlitz".

Mayzhe stretching out in a battle Napoleon having crossed the 24 sickle of the Shevardinsky redoubt taken from us. Win buv is not a call for health. The artist portrays him so that he can sit on a stile. Behind him is the headquarters and retinue; behind them - the guards in a new parade form.

For the Borodin battle of Napoleon, they go: in the lack of energy, the critical battle and in the lack of practicality. It’s not easy to explain the small part with ailments, but the small part is that, in 1812, he was trimming himself more like an emperor, below a general: he didn’t get into trouble; in the newsletter * about the Borodin battle it is said that the Emperor of the Zhodniy once did not take good care of himself in the whole battle; For this reason, they didn’t get into the war with their remaining reserve - the guards, like the guards, who didn’t care about their generals, didn’t get into battles. Yak, by the way, I have been brought in in the last period of time to take this method.

* In 1812, Napoleon revised 29 bulletins to France, which formed the basis for his request and in some cases, referring to his land and the whole of Europe about the journey of war. Bulletins tsі bouly, before the speech, even farther from the truth.

You can honor the most famous people in the campaign of 1812 to the rock. General ERROR of both sides; In the new, they took part in the rise of the head of the army - bewitching under the leadership of Napoleon himself, the Russian army under the leadership of Kutuzov himself. Here more than 225,000 battles were beaten to death; more than 80,000 fell out of them. Such a mass and such a mass was not lost in one of the battles of 1812; the same thrill for the bloodshed of one of the most famous battles in history.

At the picture of Hess there is a group of the most important moments of the Borodin battle.

The central interest is represented by the vibutty of Prince Bagration, the head commander of our 2nd Army. Tsei epizod and loan in the central place in the picture. Bagration, wounded in the leg, sit on the ground with a bandaged leg, as well as with General Konovnitsin, who stood with him on horseback. Konovnitsin appeared at the position of the senior generals, and Bagration handed over the command to him. Until the injured Bagration, life-doctor Vilya will go to provide medical assistance.

Immediately on the cart to bring the wounded General Vorontsov. Win the command in the built grenadier division; in hand-to-hand fighting, they are wounded by a bugnet, and the division of the yogi bullet is degraded; In his notes, he should speak about his fate in the Battle of Borodino as follows: "My opir couldn’t be trivial, ale didn’t stick, as for the wisdom of my divinity".

At the left corner of the picture - the square of the regiments of the Life Guard of Izmailovsky and the Life of the Guard of Lithuania, under the command of Colonel Khrapovitsky, imaging the attack of the fortune-teller's cynoti (Nansuti and Montbrun).

The look of the square of our guards regiments is far in the picture - Shevardinsky redoubt, at which Napoleon stands with his retinue. Go rush into the attack of Murat's cavalry and win with her.

On the right side of the picture is a great change to our center (Raevsky's battery). Take the bulo vorogom, go back Hrmolovim. Right now, the battery of our right flank is great; here - Barclay de Tolli (pishki) and shte dal Kutuzov. In front of them is the village of Borodino. Behind him, the 1st Cavalry Corps of Uvarov and Platov's Cossacks to bypass the left flank of the enemy roztashuvannya and unsuccessfully appear on the flanks and partly in the corps of the Viceroy of the Italian Eugenia Beauharnais.

For the sake of justice, all the reinsured epizodi of the Borodin battle were not seen at the same hour, but the artist wanted to see the same picture of the first moment * ... Іnshy artist, artist of words (M. Yu. Lermontov) testing Borodinsky biy at virshah; axis of the divine stanzas to go:

Midovgo flywheels stepped in,

Cover the bulo, they checked the battle,

Burchali old:

“Well? for winter apartments?

Don't smithe chi commanders

Someone else's uniforms

About Russian bagneti? "

The first axis knew the great field:

Є roam de free!

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

І only the sky shone,

Everything was noisy with a rapt,

Blisnuv the fret.

Colonel of our populace buv grip:

Servant to the king, father to the soldiers ...

So, Skoda Yogo: killed by bulat,

To sleep in the land of sirs.

І moviv vin, blinking ochima:

“Hello! Isn't Moscow behind us?

Let's die for Moscow,

Our brothers were dying! "

- I have died,

The first oath of virginity was streamed

Mi in borodino bey.

* It is necessary to say that in the picture you can see not all the reinsured epizodi of the Borodin battle; The rest of them are not entirely clear, they are called alley, written on the frame of the picture, hanging in the office fence of the Life Guard Izmailovsky regiment.

Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment in the Battle of Borodino 26 serpnya 1812

On the heel of the Borodin battle, all the guards were in the reserve, and if the warriors started to attack the Bagratyon and flash, then the regiments of the Life Guards Izmailovsky, the Life Guards of the Lithuanian and the Leib of the Guard of the Finnish bully Collapsing from reserves in dense columns (colonies before the attack), the regiments of the Tsi consumed a strong fire of the enemy artillery, and, do not marvel at the new, bravely rushed into the attack.

A participant in the Borodin battle, the French general Pele, vividly describes the attacks of our troops at Bagration's flash drives, and even: “In the world, as before Bagration came to see the stench, the stench over the corpses fell, they went forward with the greatest courage, for replenishing points. Russian colonies collapsed before our eyes like crumbling trenches, blisky steel and half mums. The corpses of our buckshot, which were attacked either with a knot, or with a whim, were well tolerated by the majestic shkodi, ala, taking advantage of the remaining forces, the stench attacked us, as earlier. "

The brigade of the regiments of the Life Guard izmailovsky and the Life Guard of Lithuania was commanded by the commander of the first of them Khrapovitsky. In the history of the first z cikh regiments (folded in 1882), the fate of the first in the Battle of Borodino is as follows:

“Colonel Khrapovitsky, having stayed the brigade in the colony before the attack, demolished the front in the main order in the eighth year. Along the way of the Izmailovites, a process was set up with the icon of the Smolensk Mother of God, to turn from our left flank. Bachachi was happy to move around for himself, the soldiers baptized and with a firm spirit fell forward, unaffected by those who were already ripped apart by the shells ”.

“The first victims of the Battle of Borodin fell down the regimental drummer, who was commissioned by Colonel Khrapovitsky. Youmu broke the core of the hurt legs (as shown in the picture). Shells more often and more often fell among the Izmailovites. The coolers were repaired already strongly whistling and, once at times, people vibrated from the lavas, but the regiment was spoky. The axis to go to Colonel Khrapovitskiy went high on the dibi and, having thrown backwards, lost it on the mischievous victim in some kind of fortune. Khrapovitskiy was born, and the Izmailovites once again kicked him calmly in front of the regiment on a new horse. "

With the help of the Leib Guards Izmailovsky Regiment, together with the Leib Guards Lithuanians, they brought in a number of mountainous and fierce attacks of numerical French cavalry. The stinks of the flyworms allowed them to win the cavalry of 50 crocs, and once they fired at them with a deadly, biting fire, they brought them into the mix. For the testimony of the commander of one of the battalions of the Life Guard of the Lithuanian regiment, the battalion in one of attacks on the new warrior cuirassiers should not fly into the fire, but the flywheels check into the galloping cavalry, pull the rushnits on the hand and turn them around; Otrimuvati from the tsyyvo bagnetiy licked the horses and stifled them, and quietly, like the boards, the soldiers stabbed them in the muzzles, then they themselves went over to the attack on the tortured cavalrymen, they turned on their way out on their way.

The attacks of the fortune-teller on our pike would have been repaired for her, so that at the end of the hour of the fortune-teller the artillery ceased to bombard.

Pislya imaging cavalry attacks of the Life Guard. Izmailovsky regiment, conceived of the vorozhoi artillery by the teeth; It was close to noon, if the thief had burst into our positions with shells. The regiment was standing unpretentious, angered and not safe and in numbers.

With the cards, the kulia hit Colonel Khrapovitsky in the leg, and ale vin was in the ranks. To bandage the wound, bad'oro їde winn in the ranks of the brigade and the heroes of the heroes for their husbands and style. Ale, having embraced his battalion, was forced into consuming and ordered to carry him to the dressing station.

Colonel Kozlyaninov, as well as the headquarters and chief officers and lower ranks, went out of the way without a beat of wounds and harassment. They fired at our positions with artillery, the enemies posed new attacks on them with a whim and cavalry. Ale izmailovtsev, who wanted to bear terrible losses, until the end of the battle fought against the same husband and neophyte, without sacrificing the enemy. The stench was lost in the whole battle: 28 officers from 51 and 1,135 lower ranks from 1920, to more than half.

Timchasov replacing the wounded Bagration in the head command at the same position, deyav Leib Guards Izmailovsky regiment, General Konovnitsin, in his report about the battle, say this:

“I cannot, with gratified praise, be told about the fearlessness given to the regiments of the Life Guard of Lithuania and the Life Guard of Izmailovsky all day. Arriving on the left flank, they unpretentiously showcased the stench of the strongest fire of the warrior's artillery, littered the rows of grapeshot. Unimportant on the second, we smelled the stench of the most beautiful devices, and all the ranks, from the first to the last, one before the one, showed their willingness to die, the first to sacrifice to the adversary. Three great cavalry attacks of the astonishing cuirassiers and the Chinese grenadiers on the offense of the regiment by them in the image of the boules with their success; more unimportant, so Kare, prompted by them by the regiments, the bully is otocheni, the thief from the extreme second bullet in the fire and bagnet ... ".

The Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment for Borodinsky Bey Bouly was presented to Georgievsky Prapori.

Battle of Borodino 26 serpnya 1812

A painting of an unsupported attack by our artillery corps under the command of Lieutenant General O. P. Uvarov on the left flank of Napoleon's army. Tsia diya is of little importance in the Battle of Borodin, if it is not fully staged by Kutuzov meti.

If it was midday, Napoleon got a quick blow on our center, Uvarov's corps, which had been standing behind our ruling flank before, buv hanging forward and straightening out to bypass the left flank of the enemy roztashuvannya; Shte rightly rushiv Platov with the Cossacks. It was not uncommon for Uvarov's corps to appear on the flanks of Napoleon's army (here is the corps of the Viceroy of Italy), and Platov's Cossacks, in the name of that, was in a commotion in Napoleon's warriors and in the respect of Napoleon in our center, who took the attack on our center of the bullet is pinned і pinched the trick for two years; Through interruptions, we rushed to put in order those who were tortured in our center and to make it possible for those who were weakened in our positions.

On the right side of the painting is the left flank of Napoleon's army, and the corps of the viceroy itself; Borodino can be seen, occupy the whole building; across the village of Mist through the river B'yu.

Tops on the nest horses - general-adjutant, lieutenant general O. P. Uvarov, young cavalry general (39 years) with the Order of St. George of the 2nd degree. Behind him, in life-cossack form, is the young cavalier lieutenant general, ad'utant general count Orlov-Denisov (37 years). Our cavalry attack on the fortune and artillery. The gateway is brought in, stepped in and carried in a row.

Kinets Borodinskoy battle

V.V. Vereshchagin, "Kinets of the Borodinskoy Battle"

The battlefield is littered with a bunch of bodies. There are more dead than alive. Napoleon's war, having taken over the introductions by us, viguyuyut: "Vive l" empereur! ".

A French author, a participant in the battle (Labaume), this is how I describe the field of the Borodin battle for battle: “The middle of the great redoubt presented a frantic picture: the corpses of the boules were piled one on top of the row in a row. Russian ginuli, but did not give up. In the vastness of one square lion, there was not a bullet, uncovered by dead bodies ... We could see corpses burning, and there, dey, there were no bullets, piks, helmets, armor, kernels, which covered the ground like a hail of great menace ... "

The story of the battle of Napoleon's veteran went to his number of battles. Napoleon stripped Borodinsky Bey with his might. Ale axis, yak bulo stan "peremizs" according to the description of French historians:

“The battle of the Borodin battle was carried out by Napoleon's bivaks on the bivaks of a zhakhlivu nich, without fires, in the midst of the dead, wounded and wounded. Tilki on the stench of the stench knew about the entrance of the Russian. When they drank, they were able to see it again, but they were also very sensitive: the stench was overpowering in the first place. Written style dashing, relieved and right, transferred for the purpose of primusity of the Russians before the battle, writing style feats, masculinity, like inheritance! - A terrible child ... and even more, less earlier, insignificance - what is the most trivial result.

The evenings of the battle didn’t skewer, neither rose nor rose, panuvalo summed up and didn’t see. Chi did not sleep and Napoleon himself: it was not easy for his soul. Sleep yogo buv anxious abo, more beautifully say, win zovsim not sleeping. Vin is richly developed vigukuvav, quickly turn in a lazyku: "quelle journee!" (in a day!). Yogo rate at Shevardin had a whole lot of nich is chipped off by the old guard: unaffected by the sign of the distance from the battlefield, vvazhaє for the need for protection.

If the beginning of the coming day was added to you about the entry of the Russian visitor, they said: “Don't go enter; and we are kidding for years, so you can take care of our not-happy wounds. "

One French colonel (Fezenzak), the commander of the regiment of the Borodin battle, says in his memoirs, “Well, I don’t know the great gaiety in the soldiers, I don’t feel the pine and the roses - the stench is bloody in the gloom of moving. The officers went to see the Germans lowered into the water. The whole time of troubles was wonderfully peremogy, and the gates of the captivity to the beholder were the capital ".

One of the French historians of 1812 to fate (Marshal Saint-Cyr) spoke about the Battle of Borodin as follows: “The Russians, who are unimpressed on the very baked opir, can only try to change it, but the stench came in, ale the stench didn’t pop, the stench didn’t come out in the same position at the same position. Bulo was smitten, but not the soul of the army. Oh, the bully is great, the majesty, ale the stench of ours, the voni mayzhe were temporarily deprived of Napoleon's losses, and at the same hour I lost a great deal on this battle: all of them could have been innocently guilty, the city was inevitably lost,.

Napoleon himself, talking about the Battle of Borodinsky, is like this: “The last of my battles are the ones I gave to Moscow. The Frenchmen showed themselves that they were good at rejecting the victory, and the Russians had lost the right to be unbearable ... In my fifty battles, in the battle before Moscow, the greatest valor and the best success was won. ".

When the material was prepared by Viktorov, the book "Victory in 1812 to the Rock in the Pictures of Russian Artists" Vidannya I. S. Lapina, Paris. Adaptation for the site: S. Mikolaiv.

The Victory Day of 1812 became the greatest experience for the Russian people and, at the same time, a turning point in the spiritual life of the whole country. The invasion of the enemy in the border of Russia, the Borodinsky battle, burning Moscow, the struggle with Napoleon's armies was strained, and the might of the people's mind was waged.

Napoleon got ready to go to Russia for a long time. Bullets prepared two operational plans for young people. The first transferring the vimanyuvannya of the Russian armies to the cordon of the Russian Empire, to the territory of the fallen form of Napoleon of the Duchy of Warsaw, otochening and fighting the Russian military. Another plan is to transfer a ludicrous blow to the Russian ones. The Emperor Mav Namir went through the forces of the 610 thousandth army through Niman and beat the enemy in one general battle.

The Russians formed the defense plan of war, and the disposition of the deployment of the three ancient armies was put in place for the Vyysk team. The 1st Zakhidna Army, Naybilsha (head commander - Vіyskovy Minister M.B. Barclay-de-Tolli, more than 120 thousand with 550 harmatas stood at the intersection of roads to St. Petersburg and Moscow, mіzh mі Vіlno (Vilnius) іnuyu river flow line of defense 180-200 km.

Bagration's 2nd Zakhidna Army (close to 45 thousand with 180-200 Garmat) defended the line 100 km away on the first day of the 1st Army. You’re going to be able to close the road to Moscow and Kiev, moving along the flank of Napoleon’s army. The 3rd Zakhidna Army of A.P. Tormasov (45 thousand with 170 men) was a great pivdennishe, 200 km from Bagration in the Luts'k region on Volin. To the head of the staff of the zahist Kiev as a young invasion of the Austrian forces.

11-18 am French "Great Army" crossed the cordon of Russia. 13 worms of the convoys of the Kovno district, and on the 16th the French went to Vilno; 19 worms, having z'yasuvavshi the situation, Napoleon virishiv not to admit the z'udnannya of the Russian armies. Against the army of Barclay de Tolli, he won the cavalry of Murat, and against the army of Bagration, Napoleon - 3 colonies, which were ordered by Marshal Davout. The French emperor rozrahovuvav the cim maneuver to launch a blow at the flank to collapse on the first day of the 2nd army.

In the minds of the offense of the Russian army, there was a bullet of snarls to pick up an opening for the day. TILL 29 the worms of the 1st army were sowed in the Dressky tabor, the de von rejected the populace (10 thousand people) and wines.

The events of the 2nd Army were held in a folding atmosphere. Up to 21, they traveled 80 km, the army went to Mykolaiv and on the first day, a ferry across the Niman. Ale became nezabarom vіdomo, thаt thе enemy pragmatically rerіzat іy all the ways to go. Todi Bagratyon took the decision to make his way through the boom. 14 linden b_lya der. Saltanovka, torn from otochennya Bagration gave a serious blow to the Vijska Davu, and 13-14, if Bagration were ferried across Dnipro, the 1st Army fought a sprinkle of special ar'arguard battles. General Osterman-Tolstoy ordered to "stand and die" on the 13th for Ostrovshchyna, streaming Murat's attacks. On the coming day, I saw the fight Kakuvyachine. The Russians entered Vitebsk, kudi 15 years old Napoleon.

However, there was no way to impose a general battle on the French. 22 lindens, having seen from the French, 1 and 2 of the Russian army went to Smolensk. The cocking period is over. Vorozhi vіyska went beyond the cordon Zakhidna Dvina-Dnipro. Napoleon reached the great political success. In his hands bully Lithuania, Bilorus and the majority of Courland.

When I came to St. Petersburg, Napoleon was able to see. Ovolodіvshi Riga, it is not possible to build up the uzdovzh uzberezhzhja; Kiev was directly affected by the sense of the fact that Davu was seen in the act against Russia. Zalishavsya One mighty option - an attack on Moscow. Napoleon killed the regrouping of his viysk, and also spent time with him. The new line went from Warsaw to Minsk, Orsha and dal to Smolensk.

For the Russians, Moskovske became the main direct operation. Viyavilosya, scho for the line of the Dvini and Dnipra the Russian army is not a small reserve base. I know about the food about the base, about the new operating lines. Ale virіshuvati їkh did not happen to Barclay de Tolli, but not Bagration, but to Kutuzov.

The main reason for the Victory Day of 1812, madly, became famous for the battle of 26 serpnya (7 spring) not far from Mozhaisk, near the village of Borodino.

Forwarding to the Russian army, Napoleon pushed all the hour to the general battle, encouraging the Russian army to win and finish the battle with one blow. On the ear of the campaign, there is a great chance to get overwhelmed, for that I mean an overwhelming power. Having lost 1000 km in the vastness of Russia, Napoleon faced the fact of a step-by-step transfer of forces. However, before the Borodinsky battle, the French army numerically overturned the Russian army, and, besides, Napoleon was able to win over his way to the command warehouse. To that, I have been firmly convinced of my change and putting my own in the meta - in a quick fight to turn the Russians up and down the road to Moscow, in order to flood the world as quickly as possible. Borodinsky fight showed by chance the failure of Napoleon's strategy.

Kutuzov, having entered the 17th serpent against the command of the army, was standing in Tsarov-Zaymishche, also having given the French a general battle on the roads to Moscow for the need to give the French. Youmu bulo vidomo, so Napoleon is more numerous than the Russian army. Win highly appreciated the gift of Napoleon and the first marshals, as well as the great number of French victories. Ale Kutuzov rozrakhovuvav to compensate for the French coup in a maistern organized battle for a different position in advance. Kutuzov met with a battle by setting the attacking army of Napoleon and the Zachist of Moscow.

After arriving in Tsarov-Zayimishche Kutuzov the tops on horseback ob'yhav namichen position and changing over, but it is not possible to take on the next fight. The head commander has gone up to a more friendly atmosphere and prodvzhuvati go upstairs.

22 serpents of Kutuzov with the head forces of the pilgrims to the village of Borodino. The commander of the Russian ar'arguard, General P.P. Konovnitsin, staged two hot battles with the French vanguard: at Gridn'ev, near 25 km from Borodin, and at the Kolotsky Monastery, close to 10 km from Borodin, the forces arrived.

Otzhe, vrantsi 22 serpnya 1812 the fate of the head of the Russian army began to live in the area of ​​the village of Borodina. M. I. Kutuzov respectfully glancing over the work and ordering to start before the future fortification equipment.

The masses in the Borodino area (roztashovany 12 km to the west of Mozhaysk) are very hilly and re-counted with a significant number of rychok and strum, so they made big yari. The skid part of the Berdyansk field was larger than it was, but it was not. Through the village of protikє r. Kolocha. Vona is a strong and strong coast, having kindly screwed up the right flank of the position of the Russian army. On the other hand, the flank of the lion went up to a dry forest, heavily overgrown with dense chagarnik and to navigate the swampy with small pieces. Tsei lis, presenting serious difficulties for the great mass of people, in the case of trying to fix the flanking route. A large tributary of the Kolocha - the Viyna river, the Semenivskyi, Kam'yanka, Ognik and іnshі streams, the banks of which are densely overgrown with chagarnom, recalled the Borodinsky field from the beginning to the winter and could serve as a hand for the construction. From entering the highway through the village. Valuevo passed Velika, or Nova, Smolenska road, which is small and important strategic value. Mayzhe parallel to їy, about 4 km on a weekday from the village of Borodina, the Stara Smolenska road passed. Having taken the position at Borodino, the Russian army has little ability to cover the offense of the road leading to Moscow. In the glybin position, the muscle of the bull is also lisy. Vona allowed roztashuvati in the distance and kindly mask the reserve.

On the right flank, kindly captured by the high banks of the Kolochi and, along the way, inaccessible to the enemy, and also in the center of the Kutuzov roztashuvati significant strengths: three men, three cavalry corps and the great goat squabble of General M.I. Platova. With such a rank, his victory, the commander, having pushed the snake of the French emperor to lead a frontal offensive with the head forces at the university defile between the battle and the Utitsky fool, the power of hunting the flanks of the Russian position is included. Visiting the right flank, occupying a position close to the New Smolensk road, represented a stronger threat and cavalry, as it posed a serious threat to the livin 'krill of the Napoleonic army. Tsі vіyska at the same time could be a victorian and yak reserve. Having punished Kutuzov after being forced to move, cross over the jars and chimneys in order that, if necessary, you can transfer the right flank to the left at that moment, if the enemy is there to attack with the main forces. The most appealing to the dilyan Borodinsky position of the buv livy flank. Kutuzov is kindly rosumіv tse and having lived in, having made the positions of engineering spores. On the left flank, near the village. Semenivske, three flashes (earthlings of strengthening) were prompted, but they won the name "Bagrationovs", as the hour of the Borodin battle was captured by Bagration. At the end of the flash drive, the front line of the consolidation - Shevardinskyyredut - has fallen. On the right flank, near the village. Maslovo, Russian people called a group of earthlings ukrіplen-redoubts and lunettes. Near the center, at the top of the mound, the stench was erected by an 18-hardened battery, which went into history as the battery of Raevsky.

The army of Napoleon, until the moment he went to Borodino, knew two great things (killed, sick, deserters). Significant corollaries of the bullets of visions for protection were extended by the communion of protection of the flanks of the main forces, and they were advancing on Moscow. Before Borodino, it was only close to 130 thousand soldiers of the Great Army. (Kutuzov M. I. Materials of the Juvenile Session of the Military Academies of the Chervono Army, awarded 200 years of the People's Day M. I. Kutuzov, - Military Publishing, 1947, p. 88.) in battles, singing at the power of inability, in the glorious qualities of his generals and officers, the glorious talent of his leader. The stench smelled to Napoleon, as if saying, "I should be able to create the last beggars;" According to the Russian people, who sent their check to Moscow, there was a chorus of apartments, generous cities and happily turned to home. Granted by such a rank, the French army was kindly organized and organized under Borodino bully by a terrible force. Vona was torn to fight, to throw the rest of the crossroads - the Russian army, blocking the road to Moscow until the light of day. Napoleon Bonaparte grafted into Borodinsky field, I will reduce part of my army: 1st, 3rd, 4th and 6th corps, reserve cavalry, and also eat French military men - Imper Guards, ocholyvan marshals Besal Mortar. Ale not mensh, the force stood against the French on the Borodinsky field. The Russian army, reorganized in the period 1807-1813 years, did little to the French. And as a husband, with a boundless readiness to stand up to Batkivshchyna, the conquerors of the Russian army overwhelmed Napoleon's army.

In the Victory Day of 1812, the immortal glory of the name of Bagration, Dokhturov, Barclay de Tolli, N.N. As soon as there are soldiers, I want in the army of Kutuzov and a lot of new recruits, and the veteran heroes of the Suvorov and Kutuzov campaigns, especially non-commissioned officers. They already fought with the French in 1799, 1805 and 1807 rockets. Tsi veterans, who are no less than the Old Guards of Napoleon, have the right to respect themselves the inoperable, and the young soldiers of the Russian army were fighting for them.

All the supporters should inform about the high patriotic pidyom in the ranks of the Russians on the Borodinsky field. For a long time the army has been checking for a funny battle against the enemy and narrating, skarzhachis on the last step. If it became clear to us that it was going to be given, that the entry was over, the Russian forces were ready to go to the battle. The stench was viral to die, but do not let the French go to Moscow. The officers asked Kutuzov's permission to dress up for the battle in the parade uniform. The soldiers cleaned and sharpened them, put in order the uniforms and order. The heroic Russian army was getting ready for the rest of the menacing parade. Before the Russian position roztashovuvsya Shevardinskyyreduut, showing the character of the advanced strengthening. Behind him, having spilled the entire flank of the Russians, de at the village. Semenivske were built fortification. 24 serpnya vіdbuvsya bіy vіysk General M.D. Gorchakov 2nd with the main forces of Napoleon behind Shevardino. Until the very night, the Russians were streaming the attacks of the French, giving Bagration himself an hour to change his position.

With a hard fight, 24 sickles of Russia took over the lines of Maslovo, Borodino, Semenivske, Utitsa. The French decided to launch an attack on the front at the end of Borodino, Aleksinki, Shevardino and pivdennish. 25 sickles offending sides were prepared before the battle, the reconnaissance ended and the residual order was seen. The French conducted a number of boyovyh events (development) on the first day of Borodino and the newest of Utitsa, which also approved the assessment of the performance, which Napoleon had broken down on the same lines: it was not suitable for the great masses of all. Judging by the obvious tributes, 25 sickle of offense to the commander - Napoleon and Kutuzov - as a result of the battle for Shevardin and reconnaissance took such a battle plan.

PLAN OF NAPOLEON. With a massive blow of whimsy and kinnoti, when the artillery is forced into the fire, break through the rooting of the Russian ones on the Semenov flash drives, Kurgan battery. Slid for cim to enter the reserve into the hole, direct the blow to the pivnich at the flank of the ugrupovannya of the Russian, closing the road to the New Smolensk, squeezing it to the river of Moscow and the knowledge. Immediately, on the flanks against Borodino and Utitsa, inflict additional blows, from which a particularly important blow to Utitsa was especially important, having drilled out from Semenov's flashes for the first time.

PLAN KUTUZOV. Until the evening, Kutuzov's 24 sickles must be finished exactly by directing the French head blow. At the zv'yazyka z tsim vіn threw 25 serpnya chastkovu regrouping, having mastered svіy lіvy flank. In the residual viglyadі, Kutuzov’s plan fell into the fact that, with an easy support of the intermingling forces, inflict a great deal on the enemy in a straightforward head-blow and confuse him. At the same hour, I will save the freedom to maneuver my reserves, having rocked the position of the enemy's reach during the hour of battle. As a result, Kutuzov roztashuvav a great contingent of vіysk, hopefully closing the road to New Smolensk.

26 serpnya about 5 years 30 khvilin sighted the sun. Vіyskam buv read out the order of Napoleon. Wu said: “War! Axis bey, like you were so beaten. Peremoga lie in you. It’s necessary for you, it’s to deliver to us everything we need: hand-made apartments and shvidka turn to Batkivshchyna. Go like this, as you see it from Austerlitz, Fridlyand, Vitebsk, Smolensk. Let the young offspring be proud of the idea of ​​your exploits on the whole day. Don't talk about the skin for you: win boom at the great battle before Moscow! "(Rastunov I. I.

The dawn was busy, the fog rose, blinking the first sound. "Tse sonse Austerlitz!" - viguknuv Napoleon. On the side of the Russian positions, the vigilant grimaced, as if I was getting up, the French were getting close. Ale rukh has not yet boomed.

Nearly two years ago, an attack against the right flank of the Russians on the village of Borodino was reported. The soldiers of the Egersky Life Guards regiment entered into a perestroika against the enemy, and then into hand-to-hand combat. In his report to Oleksandr I about the battle at Borodino, Kutuzov wrote, the Life Guards of the Eger regiment was zupinit the enemy, and for more than a year, the onslaught of the French was streaming in front of all the army.

Protest, Russian brought to step over the river. Kolocha. The French, on the shoulders of those who join, dodged in their rooting. Ale at the moment, to the aid of the Life Guards of the Eger Regiment, the 1st Eger Regiment. Having met the entrants, he rushed to the gate. Shouting "Hurray!" Kolocha, uvirvali on the French position. However, there was a lot of buzz there, and the Russian soldiers were crushing back, and the rest of them came in and fired the place through the rychka. Stretching out the entire Borodino battle at the tsiy dilyantsi, the French and Russians were surrounded by perestroika. The attack on the village of Borodino ended. However, the enemy offensive was of a demonstrative character. The head pods flared up at the Bagrationov flash drives of the 1st battery of Raevsky.

About 6 years ago, Marshal Davout received a flash attack. The flashes were defended by the built grenadier division of M.S. Vorontsov and the 27th division of D.N. Neverovsky. Unimportant for the victory of the enemy, the Russians fought their husbands and bully fearless. The stench made the attacking colonies of the French with the forced artillery fire, and when they approached, they rushed to the gate in the bagneti. If you don't see the gate, you can buy the killed and the wounded by stepping in without care. The first attack of the French on the flush was overwhelmed.

At one o'clock, on the extreme left flank, near the village of Utitsa, the French attacked the Russians. Virnishe, attacked by the Poles, so yak corps I. A. Ponyatovskogo, which was given to the front, in the main formed from the Poles. To Poniatovskiy in the distance, go to the village of Utitsa. The commander of the Russian missions at tsiy dilyantsi Tuchkov moved to the Utitskiy kurgan and settled there.

For about 7 years, the enemy renewed the attack on the flush. Met with great vrata youmu into the distance grab a lіva flash semenіvskih ukrіplen. At the order of Bagration, the battalions counterattacked the enemy at the flank. The enemies of the French bully showed their backs, having conceived new importance in people. Another attack also ended in a crooked failure of the French. Napoleon, having built up the hostilities, will be the support of the Russians. Having empowered the Vіyska Davout with the corps of Ney and the cavalier of Murat, I gave the order to renew the onslaught. At his own hand, Bagration has lived the necessary entry and defended it. Vin hanging on the front line with the reserve of the 1st grenadier and 3rd cirassier divisions. Suddenly, they sent 8 battalions to the 7th corps of Raevsky, who defended themselves at the battle from flash and, moreover, by placing the village of Semenivske on the 3rd division of Konovnitsin. Kutuzov, who respectfully followed the course of the battle, redirecting the great reserves to the strength of Bagration. However, the transfer of cich forces could have been saved not earlier, not in 1.5-2 years. Looks viplivay, but during the imagined attack of the French, Bagration brought the rozrahovuvati only to his own strength.

About 8 years of artillery training in 160 years, the enemy started the third attack. Vyyshovshi from the lisu, the French vychikuvali in a spike of thick columns and demolished on Bagrationov flash. The Ukrainian artillerymen, having checked the enemy for the best grape-shot, fired a deadly fire over the new one. Immediately, and the fire gave a few volleys. The French piled up in dozens. Alle, it is necessary to mean the courage of the gate. With grapeshot in the fire, the French cheerfully prodovzhuvali collapsed to the flushes, where the price of nerdy zusils went into the distance. Ale at the time, Count Vorontsov with his grenadier battalions stabbed into the bagneti. A strong onslaught was defeated in the ranks of Napoleon's soldiers and in their attempt to go back in silence. Todi the French tried with a dashing swoop to grab only flashes from them. Quickly rushed at the Russian French book of the bully set up by the Izmailovsky Life Guards, Lithuanian and Finnish policemen, like, having vishikuvshis in a square, overwhelmed with bagnets, they checked the gate. Letting the gate go to the rushnichny building, the stench blazed up the fire, which caused the gate to retreat. The book of the French and Pedagogical Kirasiri was introduced, turning around and once again rushed to Russia. First of all, our soldiers, admitting a nearer enemy, fired a rash fire over the new one. Quiet, hto zmig broke through to the line, stabbed with bagnet.

At the end of the hour, Ponyatovskiy mugged the Utitskiy burial mound. Having sharpened the mound from the sides, the thief of the attack on the 1st Grenadier Division. In his report, Kutuzov wrote a note: “The good grenadiers, having stolen the enemy, fired on the new most severe fire, and, not at all, rushed to the bagneti. The vorog could not vitrimati such a violent attack, having deprived in the second place of battle and in the do-it-yourself line. Lieutenant General Tuchkov was wounded by a bullet in the chest, and Lieutenant General Alsufiev took a new command. " (Ibid, p. 141.)

In such a rank, the first stage of the battle ended with insignificant successes of the French in the midst of additional strikes and in a lucrative non-direct response to a head strike. Suddenly, the insult of the commander is repaired for the sake of strength.

Following Napoleon's order, the 9th anniversary of the attack on Bagrationov's flash bullets is close.

From hour 4, 5, 6 and 7 attacks, the mass around Bagratyon's flashbulb is littered with the corpses of Russian and French. The French attacked Bagrationov and the flush without interruption. Pіkhot, as the Russian was shown with stylized blows, the note was snarled, as it was, they were firing a few of the Russian harmonies. At that hour, if the fortunes of the book and the desire were over-awakened and stocked up with ammunition, French artillery was constantly beating in the Russian positions.

Nearly 10 years ago, the French launched a great flash attack. For once, against 18 thousand soldiers of Bagration and 300 soldiers on the front line of 1.5 km Napoleon destroyed 45 thousand of his soldiers and 400 lines. The Russian plan of the enemy was a crushing blow with a shitty blow. Engaged in a smart hand-to-hand fight. Participant of the Borodin battle Russian officer F.I. Glinka wrote: “... Zhakhliva Bula is a picture of this part of the field of Borodinskoy Bilya of the village of Semenivske, de biy kipilo, like near Kazan. Dense dim and a couple of curves to fix it. Like blasphemy, nervous days lay over the field of zhakhiv, over the field of death. In the midst of the day it was not visible, there was nothing to be seen of the terrible columns, advancing and beating, escaping in the distance ... .. Having filled the battle of marshals and bachachi with the terrible collapse of the French forces, Prince Bagration conceived a great deal of justice. Punish the release, and everything was crushing ours, at all the time it broke down in the morning and went like a quick crocus in the bagneti. Z_yushlisya! .. At "dumb move, how to describe the name, tsei zbyv, tsei long thrashing, tse staying borinnya tysyacheyuyu! Anyone grabbing for the cup of fatal vags, tug them to their side ... I didn’t go to the top of my mind" ... (Rastunov I. I. Vitchiznyana viyna 1812 r - Znannya, 1987. S. 23.)

At the end of the battle, Bagration was wounded, and a splinter of French grenades had hit you in the leg. Flash bullets are flooded. Secretly, the building of Ney and the book of M. -V. N. Latour-Mobura and E. A. -M. Nansuti rushed into the hole, making a pretense. Russian under the onslaught of a guilty enemy bully come. Commanding Semyonovskih flushes team-chasically taking Konovnitsin. For the first time, the team was not easy: the rest of the wounded Bagration didn’t recognize a new general, while seeing the commanders from the reserve they collapsed on the help of the 2nd army, they needed a thief for any price.

Having arrived on the left flank of the Dokhturov without a bar, signs on the site of Bagration, know the 2nd army, spilling blood, a little ready to go to the end.

At the same hour in the center of the Russian position, the French stormed Raevsky's battery with ease, approximately in the middle of the 7th attack of the French on the Bagratyonov flash Barclay de Tolly, respecting the gate to the center of the Russian position. Schob pіdkrіpiti the center of the Russian, the commander of the 1 st army punished the 4 th corps to get to the right krill of the Preobrazhensky regiment, both Semenivsky and Finland police were left in the reserves. Behind the many roztashuvs in the 2nd and 3rd cavalry corps, behind them were the boulevards of the regiments of the Cavalry and Kinnoi Guards. As soon as the Russian roztashuvalis on new positions, the stench recognized the terrible artillery fire, sending the enemy in thick columns of pishov to the battery of the Raevsky and having thrown the 26th division, as it could withstand the last force. The situation was very important.

Kutuzov ordered General Urmolov to go to the artillery on the left flank and put it in order. The chief of the headquarters of the 2nd army, Count E.F. Yrmolov took with him three rotis of kinnoy artillery.

Prodzhayuchi on the battery of Raevsky, Yermolov beat, scho the position is taken over by the French, and the Russian is running out. Razum_yuchi not safe encampment, scho lay down, smіlivіy general innocently dіyati dіati. He rushed to the 6th corps, the most closest to the top, punishing the 9th battalion of the Ufa infantry regiment to go fast forward and go ahead and enter the 18th, 19th and 40th Uger regiments. The vorog didn’t hurry up by the zealots of the buried battery, but, having pulled its light artillery, found itself from the flanks of the obscene Russian vіyska. Three knin roti, who supervised Urmolov, zupinilsya on the left flange of this little position and, as they flickered on themselves, gave the opportunity to consume the battery. Yrmolov zgaduvav piznishe: “The battery of gentle slopes up to the top was covered with the thunder of the gate. All the participants paid for the support of their lives, one of them was full of Brigadier General Bonamy, who had cut off twelve wounds with Bagnets. Our friends are all turned, ale shkodi on my side, some of the people buv zhakhlivy "(Borodino. Documents, sheets, help. S. 358.)

At one o'clock on the Utitskiy mound, there is a burnt bee for a hollow height. Ponyatovs'kiy I am taking off after occupying the mound, ale nezabarom buv vibitiy zvidti.

With this rank, the 3rd stage of the battle ended with the great success of the French at the head straight. The front of the Russian blast breakthroughs, moreover, having cut through the blast only weakly zakryty on the road to Semenivsky. It takes an hour for the new pidkriplen, which are right there by Kutuzov. The position of the Russians was very important. For the French, too, they needed reserves and strengths. Napoleon is reluctant to wait for the Victory of the Young Guard to make a cut at Semyonovskiye flushes.

Ale here Kutuzov to rob a shining go. Win made the book of Platov and F.P. Uvarov to the French. Kinnota Uvarova drowned out Bezzubovo, and here the bully was trampled by the French (more precisely, the Italian parts of the French Army). The Cossacks, having escaped to the French style, celebrated a panika there. Napoleon zupiniv the 3rd attack of the French troops on the battery of the Raevsky and the Young Guards, and he himself went to the left flank to get the situation. At the price of vitrativa is close to 2 years, stretching out like Kutuzov, having finished the regrouping of the vіysk and mіtsno securing sіvіy flank. By such a rank, the hour for success has been lost.

Nearly 14 years old, the French attacked Raevsky's battery for the third time. As a result of the attack until the 17th year in the afternoon, the owners of the battery of the boule got worse, and the French got sick of it. Russian without panic, at the command of the command, went. Far away, the French got mad at the Russians at their new position, albeit unsuccessfully. At the end of the day, Ponyatovsky was in the distance to get the Utitskiy kurgan.

Until the 18th year of the Russian motsno change at the position of the Gorka - Stara Smolenska road. Bachachi the safety of the attacks, Napoleon ordered to pinch them and bring them to the river. Kolocha on nich. Borodinsky fight is over.

Opponents rose, leaving corpses and wounded on the battlefield. At the same battle, there are fewer Russian boules, less than French ones. Rіzni dzherela call zvsіm rіznі digits vtrat both sides. However, it was officially seen that 58,520 human corpses and 35,478 Chinese corpses were found on the Borodino field in the course of the Napoleonic army from Russia. No wonder Borodino bulo is called by the accomplices "the grave of the French cavalry". (Levitsky N. Viyna 1812 to the rock.M., 1938. S. 26.)

So the most important thing is to win and overcome the bloodshed of the battle. You can do it again and again if I can get it on a dreadful day. Ale, unaffected by the hacking of the bagaty with the "bezpechny" harassment of the Russians, in the Battle of Borodino Napoleon became proud of his poor moral shock. Pislya 26 sickle began to fall badly from the boy's energy of the French army. The blow, inflicted by the їy Russian pid Borodino, in the kintsev bag appeared deadly.

Borodinskiy battle has gone into the history of vis-à-vis the struggle of the people of our country as one of the most yaskravikh parties. The legendary feat of the heroes of Borodin appeared for the coming generations of Russian people with a patriotic butt of a patriotic vikonannya obovyazyu before Batkivshchyna.

I.M. Zherin. Wounded P.I. Bagration in the Borodinsky battle. 1816 RUR

Napoleon, bazhayuchi pіdtrimatiyuchі attacking zusilla at Semyonovskih flashes, ordering his lіvy krill to strike at the enemy at Kurgannaya visoti and capture її. The battery at the height was seized by the 26th division of the general. Vіyska corps of the vice-king of Beauharnais crossed the river. Koloch and started an attack on the Great Redoubt, as if they were occupied.

K. Vernier, I. Lecomte. Napoleon in otochennі generals keru Borodіnsky bіy. rosefarmed engraving

At the end of the hour the generals of the Kurgan visoti occupied by the enemy were passing by the generals. Having taken the command of the 3rd battalion of the Ufa infantry regiment, rmolov with a strong counterattack close to 10 years, turning his head. "Beat lutii i zhakhliviy" trivav pivgodini. The French 30th Linear Regiment, conceived of terrible losses, the surplus of yogi fled from the mound. General Bonnam was taken from the full bulo. In the course of the battle, General Kutaisov had lost his mind. The French artillery started shooting at the Kurgan Visoti. Yrmolov, having eliminated the wounds, handing over the command to the general.

At the most recent part of the Russian position of the Polish general Poniatowski, an attack by the adversary near the village of Utitsa was started, and they were not able to send a message to the corps of the Napoleonic Seminary Army. The zhisniki of the Utitskiy kurgan became the stone of the spotikannya for the advancing Poles.

Near the 12th day of the day, the parties carried out a regrouping of their forces on the battlefield. Kutuzov having given help to the landowners of the Kurgan Visoti. Strengthening the Army M.B. Barclay de Tolly rejected the 2nd Zakhidna Army, as it had overshadowed the new Semen's flash. Defending them with great losses is already a lot of sense. The Russian regiments went behind the Semenivsky Yar, occupying positions on the heights of the village. The French started attacking here with pleasure and cavalry.

Borodinsky biy from 9:00 to 12:30

Borodinsky biy (12: 30-14: 00)

Near the 13th anniversary of the day, the Beauharnais corps renewed the attack on Kurgan Visota. At the end of the hour, after the order of Kutuzov, there was a raid by the Cossack Corps of the Otaman and the Cavalry Corps of the General against the beloved livy krill, de there were Italian vіyska. The raid of the Russian book, about the effectiveness of some history, is confused by the donin, the impression of the Emperor Napoleon is to pin all the attacks for two years, and destroy the part of his guard to help Beauharnais.

Borodinskiy biy from 12:30 to 14:00

For a whole hour, Kutuzov knew about the regrouping of his forces, having mastered the center and the left flank.

F. Roubaud. "Zhiviy Mist". Canvas, ol_ya. 1892 r Museum-panorama "Borodinska battle". Moscow

Borodinskiy biy (14: 00-18: 00)

In front of the mound, a cavalry battle was seen. The Russian hussars and dragoons of the general two attacked the enemy cuirassiers and drove them "to the batteries themselves." If there were more attacks here, the sides dramatically increased the force of the artillery fire, they were forced to strangle the enemy's batteries and inflict the maximum amount of fire on them.

Near the village of Semenivskoy Vorog, they attacked the colonel's guards brigade (Life Guards Izmailovsky and Lithuanian regiments). The regiments, vysikuvavshis in the square, with volleys of rags and bagnets saw a few attacks of the warrior's cavalry. For the help of the guards, the general came from the Katerinoslav and Order cuirassier regiments, as they transferred the French cavalry. Artillery cannonade did not feel across the whole field, carrying thousands of human lives.

A.P. Shvabe. Battle of Borodino. Copy from the painting by artist P. Hess. The other half of the 19th century Canvas, ol_ya. TsVIMAIVS

By depicting the raid of the Russian cinema, Napoleon's artillery increased the strength of his fire against the Kurgan Visot. Vona became, behind the vislov participants of the battle, the "volcano" of Borodin's day. Near the 15th year of the day, Marshal Murat issued the order of cavalry with all his masoi attacking Russians at the Great Redoubt. In the attack on the height came the p_hot, the yaka had enough of a run out of the battery position there. The cavalry of the 1st Western Army, and the cavalry of the 1st Western Army, was very important, and the cavalry of the 1st Western Army was awarded.

V.V. Vereshchagin. Napoleon I on the Borodinsky Visota. 1897 RUR

For the third time, I attacked the brigade of the Russian Guards' squadron near the village of Semenivskoy, a little later, with great losses. Semenivs'kyy Yar passed over to Marshal Ney's corps, but the attack by great forces was not small. At the beginning of the Kutuzov army's position, the Poles seized the Utitsky mound, and they couldn’t slip through.

Desario. Battle of Borodino

Pislya 16 years old, the mound was left with a lot of heads, defeating the attacks on the positions of the Russian schools of thought. Here the general's brigade from the Cavalry and Kinnogvardiysky regiments entered the battle. With a lashing blow, the Russian Guards' film threw the attacking Saxons over to the attacking positions.

At the beginning of the Great Redoubt, the enemies tried to attack with great forces, before the cavalry, but success was not mav. For 17 years there was only artillery.

For 16 years the French cavalry tried to get a strong blow from the village of Semenivske, ale nashed the Preobrazhensky, Semenivsky and Finlyandsky regiments of the Life Guards on the colony. The guards from the drumbeats broke forward and threw the bewitching cavalry with bagnets. A lot of Finnish people were cleared of all the wicked shooters first, and then the lis itself. About 19 years in the evening, the perestroika was overwhelmed here.

The last splashes of battle before the evening were seen at the Kurgan Tower and the Utitsky mound, the Russian ones took their positions, and more than once they turned into small counterattacks. The Emperor Napoleon did not send his remaining reserve to battle - the divisions of the Old and Young Guards, so that they could turn the march towards the middle of the French zeal.

Until the 18th year of the evening, the attacks continued along the entire line. Chi didn’t feel only the artillery shooter that rushnichna perestroika in the leading stakes, de all, the igerska pikhota did. Artillery charges in the side were not fooled that day. The rest of the garmat were built close to the 22nd year of the evening, since it became already dark.

Borodinskiy biy from 14:00 to 18:00

Pid bags of the Borodin battle

In the course of the battle, as it went right out of the way and before the first approach, attacking the “Great Army” could attack the enemy in the center and on the left flank all the way to 1-1.5 km. At the same time, they saved the integrity of the line to the front and their commune, having received the least attacks from the fortune and cavalry, while at the same time they were able to counterattack. The counterbattery struggle, with all its bakedness and triviality, did not give any overwhelming gains from the side.

In the hands of the enemy, the heads of the support points of the Russians on the battlefield were lost - the Semenivska flash and the Kurgan visota. Alle the change on them, I will increase the amount of money, and Napoleon instructed all the people to stop the change and go to the current position. On the occasion of the temryavi on the sporhn_le Borodinsky field, the patrols of the goat patrols flew out, as they took command over the battlefield in the air. They guarded the enemy's heroes and the patrolling patrols: the French were afraid of attacks in the night of the Cossack kinnoti.

Russian head commander mav namir prodovzhiti bey for the first day. Ale, having obliterated the report about terrible losses, Kutuzov punished the head army at night go to the river Mozhayska. The exit from the Borodinsky field, passing organically, in old columns, before the front of a strong ar'arguard. Napoleon knew only about the enemy, but he didn’t bother to go straight ahead.

At the "battle of the giants" the parties knew the great things, about which precursors lead discussions and ponies. Vvazhaєtsya, scho for 24-26 serpnya the Russian army spent 45 to 50 thousand. Cholovik (persh for all kinds of artillery fire), and "Great Army" - about 35 yew. I more. There are also some numbers, which are also disputed, which require some kind of correction. In any case, if you beat them in, die out of their wounds, wounded and become unhappy, they took about a third of the warehouse of the opposing armies. Borodinsky field until then became a "treasure trove" for the French cavalry.

The Borodinsky battle in history is called a "battle of generals" through a great return to the general command warehouse. In the Russian army, 4 were killed and mortally wounded, 23 generals were wounded and contused. In the "Great Army", 12 generals died from their wounds, one marshal (Davout) and 38 generals were wounded.

About the gritty and lack of compromise of the battle on the Borodino field, bring together a number of captures in full: approximately 1 yew. Cholovik and one general from the skin side. Russian - about 700 individuals.

Pidsumkom general battle of the Great Victory Day 1812 fate (aka the Russian campaign of Napoleon) was those who Bonaparte did not defeat the enemy army, and Kutuzov did not seize Moscow.

I Napoleon, I Kutuzov on the day of Borodin demonstrated the mystery of the great commanders. The "Great Army" resigned the battle from massive attacks, tying up without interruptions for Semyonov flashes and Kurgan visota. As a result, the fight was rebuilt at the frontal side, in which there was a chance for success at the attacking side of the boule. The majestic Zusillas of the French and their allies in the bag turned out to be hopeless.

Yak bi was not there, і Napoleon, і Kutuzov, in their official reports about which battles were fought, bare their panty bag protistoyannya on day 26 sickle. M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov was awarded the rank of Field Marshal for Borodino. Dyysno, offended armies showed the best heroism on the fields of Borodin.

The battle of Borodinska did not become a turning point in the campaign 1812 r Then the thought of the famous military theorist K. Klausewitz, who wrote that "the overcoming of the field was not just in the drowned battlefield, but at the physical and moral" thunder of the enemy's forces.

Pislya Borodina, the Russian army, the fighting spirit of those heroes, quickly renewed its strength and the bully is ready to win the enemy for the borders of Russia. The "great" and "army" of Napoleon, navpaki, lost heart, lost its maneuverability and the ability to re-magick. Moscow became for her a spirited pasture, and the step from her was soon transformed into a spirited one in the course of the financial tragedy on the Berezina.

Materials of preparations by the Scientific-Preceding Institute
Viskovo Academy of the General Staff
Forces of the Russian Federation

Borodinska battle - the head beat of the Vіtchiznyanoi vіyni 1812 to the rock, yake was seen on September 7 (26 sickle in the old style) 1812 to the rock.

Russian Imperatorska Army

Head commander - General of Infantry, Prince Mikhailo Ilarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov... The main forces of the Russian army bully regular troops, brought into the 1st army under the command of the general from the information agency M. B. Barclay de Tolli and the 2nd Zakhidnu Army under the command of General of Infantry P.I. Bagration.

Great Army

The head commander is the Emperor of France Napoleon Bonaparte. Crimean French, to the warehouse of the Great Army included contingents from the powers of the Rhine Union, Westphalia, Bavaria, Württemberg, Cleve, Berg, Prussia, Saxony, Netherlands, Nassau, Great Duchy of Warsaw European powers, as they were in the fallow state of the French Empire.

The number of opposing sides

There are two main versions of the number of French troops, who took part in the battle. It is well known to the so-called "Gzhatsky rakhunka" Great Army before the boom: 135,000 people with 900 harmatas. However, according to another version, the number of French vіysk approached to 185,000 chol. at 1200 garmats, the tribute was given to the Central Monument on the Borodinsky Pole. Such a difference in numbers will be explained by the fact that at the transitions from Gzhatsk to the Kolotsk Monastery, the Great Army was assigned reserve children, step by step to pour into the army's warehouse and neurakhovani when they were recalled to Gzhatska.

The number of Russian forces, who took part in the battle, became 118,000 people. with 600 men, including 10,000 warriors of the Moscow and Smolensk militia. It is not a matter of respect for the militias for the reigning fighters, so as the stench of the bullets practically didn’t pick up and didn’t start, and the auxiliary personnel were involved in the maintenance of the fortified fields.

cause battle

During the campaign 1812 rub Napoleon Bonaparte having planned to draw the Russian army into the general battle, in the course of which, creeping with a significant advance in numbers, crush the enemy and the primusity of Emperor Oleksandr I to capitalization. Ale Russian army steadily entered into its territory, a unique and fierce battle. However, the prevalence of serious battles perniciously fought the fighting spirit of both soldiers, and the officers, the general of the Infantry Kutuzov, not long ago for the head commander, took the decision to date Bonaparte General. Win vrahovuvav, so the French vijska zmusheni boiled up their strength, and therefore the Great Army was seriously speeding up in numbers. With a lot of guilt not seeing any illusions of the enemy's forces and his abilities and intelligence, Bonaparte, as a commander, is not secure, and his soldier may be able to see a great battle to see and break into battle. However, the general battle didn’t seem to be wrong, so it’s farther to go to Moscow without a serious battle. I’ll look around at all the factories, Kutuzov didn’t have the right to be pardoned and didn’t miss the offensive battles, and with the minds of the minds of the minds of the minds of the vibration of the battle.

Battlefield

The miscellaneous of the Maybut battle was vibrated by the Russian quartermasters, not vipadkovo. For those of you who will be able to vibrate such a position, you will not be able to use the Great Army in numbers, especially in the number of artillery, while allowing you to maneuver your reserves in such a way. The flanks of the position of the blame will enable the possibility of quick detours, it is also important to close all the roads that lead to Moscow through Mozhaisk, i.e. Old and New Smolensk roads, as well as the Gzhatsko tract. By the field of battle, you can vvazyat mіtsevіst, sho drag from pivnichі for the first day from Novy Selo to the village of Artemka and from the call to the route from Fomkino to Novoi Selo. There is a great number of emergencies, children and young people, who cross the field in battle from day to day. The Russian position was rocked by such a rank, so that an attacking enemy, the first to reach the distance of the rushnichny building, by the threat of the forward force of the river Kam'yanka and the Semenivski stumble on the left flank and the valley of the right, as well as artillery. It allowed the Russian leaders to make the enemy carry out coordinated attacks and ensured them to reach the key points of the position.

Possession engineering. fortification

The very nature of the mission, allowing for the victorious nature of the winter fortifications, to improve the defense potential. Stretching 23-25 ​​sickles (4-6 spring) in 1812 by the Russian engineers of the majestic obsyag robit. On the edge of the village of Shevardino, the building is equipped with a redoubt for the 5th standard, which is designated for the main Russian position and for the purpose of enforcing the respect of the enemy in preparation for the Russian army before the military battle. 24 sickles french vіyska tried to get a price change, the trip went into history yak bіy beyond the Shevardinsky redut. The extreme right flank of the Russian position was bordered by flashes of the village of Maslove, the ferry across the Kolochka river, the village of Borodino, was pinned down by earth batteries near the village of Gorki. Near the center of the position, on the zavvishki mound, a bulo was erected, in a house yak Battery of Raevsky. Dalі for the day, in the village of Semenіvske, also prompted the earthlings of ukrіplennya. In the vastness of the Semenivsky Yar, the Utitsky Fox and the Yar of the River Kamianka boules were made of lunettes, which became famous as Bagrationov and Flash. The Utitsky lisi bullet has an organized system of locks, which will speed up the enemy's movement through the lis. The Russian change was based on the principle of cross-fire, as well as a wider range of holes on the steps to them. Another special feature of the Russian strengthening was the ill-will of the enemy in his own purposes.

plan side

Borodinsky fight at the last of the last battles of this era saw the extreme blight of fighting, which is often overwhelmed by the endeavors of the opposing sides. Striking the bullet is unacceptable for Kutuzov, as well as for Bonaparte. The demolition of the Russian army meant the demolition of the war, so as no reserves, the old ones, were not in the order of Kutuzov, and in the nearest hour it was not transferred. Bonaparte, having also respected, that in times of chance there is no chance for a new one, there is no need for him to win, if he wants to win his plan and grab Moscow, because of the win mav namir dictate to mind, it’s absolutely necessary to be armored. The offense of the commander was also reasoned, that he was a protist of a strong, easy-going and not unbearable adversary, and it would not be easy to seek victory in a battle that might be. The Russian head-commander rozrahovuvav vimotati enemy, vimushenny attackuvati strongly strengthened the position, leaning on the force of the system of fortification sporud. Dragged into the assault on the Russian reinforcements, the enemy's forces were spilled for counterattacks, both as a matter of fact and cavalry. an important mind the success of the Russian army's defense of the battle.

Bonaparte, navpaki, mav namir break through the Russian positions, acquire the key points, and by ourselves, disorganize the Russian boyish orders, seek to overcome. The preservation of the greatness of the Great Army has also been done for a newer mind, so as to raise the budget for the second time and the ability to see the greatness of one's own in the future is not practical. There is also a reason why it is impossible to carry on a campaign without replenishment of provisions, fodder and supplies. I didn’t know that Kutuzov was a reserve, and that soon I could remember my loss, so I won’t be able to win the battle, and not just an overrun, but the defeat of the Russian army, I’m ready for a new way out of the situation.

Risk of opposing sides

Russian troops for more than ten rocky periods periodically stuck on the battlefields with the French, so Russian command was familiar with the tactics of the enemy, as well as with the fighting skills of French soldiers. Russian pichota, hardened in vines with the Turks and the French, represented a threat of strength. Unimportant to those who did the Russian battalions were French in numbers, the stench became more mobile and maneuverable. The tradition of the Russian soldier - the strength, the inclination and the courage - was meant to be targeted by the opponents. The Russian cavalry was a good Chinese warehouse, a good preparedness, as well as great number smart and innovative commanders. Artillery, equipped with the last word of modern technology, volodya non-falsification tactful numbness for the development of manual organizational structure and good training of commanders. The great courage of the Russian vіysk buv a high fighting spirit and moral unity of a special warehouse. The visibility of the modern barriers and national ruins, one organizational structure was favored with a critical force, and we were also very successful against the enemy.

Great Army, on the vidminu from Russia Imperial Army I imagined finishing a picture with a line. In addition to French children, the warehouse included Bonaparte's satellites, often called the nobles to fight for the call of other people's interests, and they were unkind to the allies who disliked the French and French parts in their greatness were stored up with veterans, who passed through the battleless campaigns and volodymy great battle admiration. The French soldiers, on behalf of their allies, idolized Bonaparte and were ready to boule viconati, be their mandate. The French woman traditionally fought in the military formations of great masses, who, ukupi with an offensive porridge and a high fighting spirit, robbed her of a superbly secure adversary. However, the French cavalry lacked the support of the short, both from the point of view of the training of the cavalry themselves, as well as the poor technical camp of the Chinese warehouse, so Bonaparte was more involved in the Polish cavalry. The national line of the Great Army could not fail to be seen on the artillery, represented by the powerless development of systems and calibers. The great short-term of the Great Army also boomed and those, as the allied contingents, were organized according to their traditions, and the announcement about the new structure, also accelerated the development of the divisions of the corps, as well as the strength of the

go battle

Borodinsky Bey appeared early in the 26th sickle (7th spring) in 1812, the rock is close to 6 years old. The French artillery fired the fire practically along the entire front, bombarding Russian positions. Mayzhe, at once, the French colonies came into the fire from the start of the fire, hanging on the outer frontiers for the attack.

The first was the attack of the Life Guards igersky regiment, which occupied the village of Borodino. The division of General Delzon in the warehouses 84, 92 and 106 of the regiments of the line of fire, speeding up in a rank fog, shattered in order to vibrate the Guards' heroes from their positions, the protest was nailed on the baked opir. Protest, as a result of the flanking attack of the 106th line regiment, the enemy bully snatched Borodino and marched behind the river Koloch. The French tried to cross over next to them, ale they indulged in the counterstrike of the 1st, 19th and 40th German regiments and the Guard of the Guard and, having known significant losses, there was a bullet of prompting to enter. A place across Koloch was burnt by the sailors of the Guards expedition, and right up to the end of the battle, the French did not hesitate to advance on the tsiy dilyantsi.

Bagration's flashes on the left flange of the Russian position were occupied by the 2nd built-grenadier division of Major General Vorontsov, as well as artillery from the 32nd and 11th battery companies. Before the flashes, the bridle of the Kam'yanka rychka roztashuvali lantsyuga Russian єgerіv. At the Utitskiy lis, three igersk regiments were attached to the command of Prince I.A. Shakhovsky. Behind the flush of the bull, the 27th division of Major General Neverovsky was displaced. The Semyonovskie divisions were occupied by the 2nd Grenadier Division of Major General Duke Karl of Mecklenburg, as well as the 2nd Kirasir Division of Major General Duka. They defended the corps of Marshals Davout and Ney, General Junot, as well as the cavalry of Marshal Murat, pіdtrimanі significant forces artillery. With such a rank, the number of the enemy's forces, which began for those against Bagratyon's flashes, reached 115,000 chols.

Close to 6 years old, the division of Generals Desse and the Company from the corps of Marshal Davout began to visit the final position for the attack. However, the French fly got stuck with the empty fire of the Russian artillery and counterattack of the Germans, and the signal of the bully was seen in the development of the attack.

Having overgrouped, close to 7 years old, the French attacked a friend. In the course of the attack, the enemy will be knocked again and will bake with the support of the flashes. Unimportant on the chimals, the guys from the company’s division went far into one flash, but as a result of a kindly coordinated attack of the Russian fortune and cavalry of the Okhtyr’s hussar and the New Russian half-hearted city. About the stressful battle to witness the fact that until the very moment Generals Rapp, Desse, Company and іnshi were wounded, and Marshal Davout himself was wounded.

Bagratyon, bachachi, the enemy zoseredzhu fought for the third, even more forceful attack, pushing to the flashes of the 3rd division of Major General Konovnitsin, and Kutuzov from the army's reservoir saw the litter of battalions - 1 - Izmailovsky regiments, as well as the 3rd cavalry corps and the 1st military division. Tim for an hour against the flash Bonaparte zoosered already more than 160 people, as well as three infantry divisions from the corps of Marshal Ney and the knight of the cavalry orders of Marshal Murat.

Nearly 8 years ago, the third attack of the flash hit the wound. Russian artillery, shooting from short distances with buckshot, did not marvel at the enemy's fire, inflicted majestic losses on the French columns. Unimportant on the price, the French fancy from the divisions of the Company and Ledru burst into the distance in the flash and in the intervals with the help of the fasteners. However, the counterattack of the 27th infantry and the 2nd built-grenadier division, admitted to the cavalier of the 4th cavalry corps, forced the French to quickly enter the final positions.

Close to 9 years old Bonaparte's wound after the fourth attack of the flush. Until the moment, the space in front of the flashes, overwhelmed by cores and littered with dead and dying people and children, was already a terrible species. Dense colonies of French fancy rushed to the attack on the Russian market. Beat for a flash, having reworked into hand-to-hand combat on the parapet, Neverovsky's priests and Vorontsov's grenadiers fought against the dull-witted inquisitors, we set out to target the enemy. In hіd yshli, be-yakі іnіdruchnі zasobi, bagneti, cleavers, artillery accessories, rushnichnі rampoles. Protest, do not marvel at all the zusillia of the zhisniks, until the 10th year the wound of the gatekeepers has gone into the distance. However, Bagration was to introduce into the battle of the 2nd grenadier division of the major general, Duke Karl of Mecklenburg and the 2nd kirassir division of the major general Duka. Before the counterattack, the surplus of Vorontsov's grenadiers and Neverovsky's ponds came. The French, terribly suffering in the fire of the Russian artillery, did not suffer the possibility of victorious capture of the amusement, did not showcase the organized blow of the Russian parts, and did not flush. The attack of the Russian cuirassiers of the bullet was smacked, but Marshal Murat himself led the way, having risen to grapple in a square of light eagerness.

Nearly 11 years old, Chergov's wound will be repaired, the flash attack is behind the rakhunk. With the strenuous artillery pidtrims of the French fancy, I knew far to take the flash, but here the third division of Major General Konovnitsin entered the battle. In the course of the counterattack, he heroically defeated Major General Tuchkov 4th, with the ensign in his hands chasing the attack of the Revel and Murom infantry regiments. The French know how to make a flash.

Bonaparte, bachachi, scho Chergov's attack once again ended in failure, invading General Junot's corps, before the warehouse, which included Westphalian units. Corps of Ponyatovsky, which is guilty of the boom, for Napoleon's idea, to bypass the flash, load in the battles of the village of Utitsa on the Old Smolensk road, and not a visitor, I didn’t want to give it up, I didn’t bear the importance of it Murat's cavalry, protest meta - Bagrationov and flashes - still fell into the hands of the Russians. Shosta behind the rakhunkov attack of the flash came from the passage of Junot's Westphalians through the Utitsky Lis at the flank and the Russian reinforcement. Undeterred to the baked opi of Russian igers, nimetsy pikhotinets, wade through the backsides, nevertheless, into the viconati's mind. However, only after appearing on the line, the Westphalian bullets were set up in the fire of Captain Zakharov's film-artillery battery. Not having risen to perebuduvatisya before the attack, the Westphalian fly aware of the important losses of grapeshot and immediately gave up the counterattack of the Russian cavalry. Pidishov 2nd corps of Lieutenant General Baggovut stabilized the camp. The attack of the flash from the front was developing at the same hour, with the help of Ney and Davout, which was once again seen.

The Soma attack of the Flash Bull was carried out by Bonaparte with the same plan. The attack of Ney and Davout from the front and Junot from the flank once again fired at the burned opir. On the junction of the Utitsky lisu, the Brest and Ryazan regiments went over to the shtick, having stopped the Chergov attack of the Westphalians. In the losses of the Great Army, they became more and more important, attacks went after attacks, ale flashes and not bullets were taken.

About 12 years ago, the eighth attack of the flash will be repaired. On the French side, take care of the fate close to 45,000 people of fortune and cavalry, we will fire up to 400 artillery men, Russian vіyska, zooseredzhenі on the whole day, reached half of the fortune. The French girl rushed headlong into the attack of the Russian reinforcements, the numerical reversal allowed them not to take the beasts to the artillery fire. Todi Bagratyon, bachachi, the camp is becoming critical, having especially cleared the counterattack of the Russian agony, in the course of which he took away the wounded in the battle and in battle. General Konovnitsin got rid of the 2nd Zakhid army. Razumіyuchi, scho farther down the napіvrіynovanі and littered with tilami knocked-in flash is not enough, Konovnіtsin lead wіllіlі vіyska for Semenivskiy Yar. With the help of the French on their shoulders to go to the Russian vіyskіvіtis in Semenіvska Bula is represented by the dagger in the fire of the Russian artillery, spread out on the verge of the village.

Close to 9 years old, at that hour, since they were already firing battles for Bagratyonov's flashes, Bonaparte starting the attack to the center of the Russian position - a mound of heaving, on what was known as the strengthening, as it went into the history. On the battery there were 18 garmat, as well as the ferry from the 26th military division of Major General Paskevich. The Іnshі z'єdnannya of the 7th infantry corps of Lieutenant General Raevsky was attached to the battery from the flanks. Against the battery, for the idea of ​​Bonaparte, the Buv of the 4th (Italian) corps of his step-son - Prince Eugenia de Beauharnais is guilty.

The divisions of the generals Moran and Gerard were destroyed in the attack by the trivial artillery shelling of the batteries, the protest onslaught was brought down by the hurricane in the fire of the Russian signs. Close to the 10th rank of Beauharnais to enter into the fight division Brusier. In the course of the attack, the 30th Linear Regiment and the 2nd Badensky Regiment went into the distance to the battery. The Russian pirates began to feel in silence, ale leaning close to the head of the artillery of the 1st Western Army, Major General Kutaisov, who was overwhelmed by the soldiers, especially cleared out the counterattack of the Russian army. In the course of an unstable, ale baked little battle, the battle was cleared, and at the moment, Brigadier General Bonamy, who was on the battery, was full. Protest, Kutaisov himself was killed in the whole battle.

On the strength of the defense of the battery, Barclay de Tolly, having sent the 24th infantry division of Major General Likhachov, right of the battery occupied the defense of the 7th infantry division of Major General Kaptsevich. Beauharnais also provoked a regrouping of his forces, a third attack on Raevsky's battery began for two years through a rapt winery in the Great Army of Uvarov and Platov's cavalry. Having quickened the moment, Kutuzov moved to the area of ​​the battery the 4th infantry corps of Lieutenant General Osterman-Tolstoy and the 2nd cavalry corps of Major General Korf, as well as the Life Guards Kinny and Cavalry regiments.

Having crossed over, the threat of yogo tilah passed, Eugene Beauharnais felt the third attack of the battery of Raevsky. They have the fate of the Italian Guard, commander of the cavalry of General Grusha. One hour in the interval between the village of Semenivske and the mound, the cavalry of the generals Kolenkur and Latour-Mobur rushed with a head. Їх zavdannya - break through the Russian line, go to the flank of the battery and attack it. However, in the course of the attack of the guine, General Colencourt, the attack of the French cuirassiers is represented in the fire of the Russian artillery. At the same moment, Beauharnais began an assault on the reinforcement from the front. Pikhotintsi from the 24th infantry division of General Likhachov fought against the nebulous children, protest, until 4 in the evening the battery of the bullet was taken, and Likhachov himself, having developed wounds, had spent some time. Through the village of Semenivske and a mound with a height, a cavalier little thing was baked, Saxon kirassiri Lorzh and Polish ulan of Rozhnetsky magalized to break through a square of Russian pishoti. Cavalry from the 2nd and 3rd cavalry corps of the Russian army came to the rescue. However, unaffected by a strong opir, kirassiram Lorzh, in the distance, broke through into the depths of the roztashuvannya Russian vіysk. At the same time, the Life Guards Kinny and the Cavalry Regiments entered the battle. Undeterred to the enemy's numerical pass, the Russian Kinna Guards rushed to the counter-attack. For the bloody essence of the Russian guards, the Saxons were forced to join.

The 7th division of General Kaptsevich at the same hour showcased the attacks of the French, Italian and German cavalry from the Pear corps. Refined from the side, the Russian pilots were on the move, while the cavalry guards and the Kinna guards did not come to help, as well as the cavalry from the 2nd and 3rd cavalry corps. Not showing off the baked counterattack, having conceived of the majestic blunders, the French light cavalry of the Bula was mesmerized by retreating.

One hour, his fight for the Semenivsky Yar. Having bought the flash, Bonaparte was astonishing, but nothing couldn’t be desired - the Russian perspective took up a new line of defense against the fast and fiery Semenivsky Yar and the bully ready to continue the fight. The right-handed ruins of the village of Semenivske roztashuvali the surplus of the 27th infantry and the 2nd built-grenadier divisions, stuck with their own right flank from the Tobolsk and Volinsky infantry regiments. At the center of the village, they took up the defense of the second division of the 2nd Grenadier division, and for the first time of the day of the development of the 3rd division. The left flank was covered by the Lithuanian and Izmailovsky regiments of the Life Guards. Tsimi forces were commanded by Lieutenant General Dokhturov, who had replaced Konovnitsin, who took command of the 2nd Western Army to replace the seriously wounded Bagration

marshals Nii, Davu and Murat were very clever, well, they didn’t have to be in the midst of their rucks, and they turned up before Napoleon had the chances to introduce the Old Guards into the battle reserve. However, Bonaparte, rightly vazhayuchi, scho this kind of rizik is even great, vіdmovіvі, ala passing in the order of the guard artillery.

Close to the first year of the day, Frian's division attacked the village of Semenivske to no avail. The French woman saw great losses. At the same hour, the important cavalry of General Nansuti entered the battle - in the vastness of the Utitsky forest and the village of Semenivske. However, the road was blocked by a square of the Life Guards of the Lithuanian and Izmailovsky Regiment. Overburdened by the heavy fire of the enemy's artillery, the guards' pihota witnessed three attacks of the French cuirassiers. On the aid of the guards, the kirassiri of General Duka went, with a ludicrous blow showing a French note. Cutting out the cavalry of Latour-Mobura in the center of the same door, and the ear of the ear.

On the most extreme flank of the Russian position, on the Old Smolensk road, he was sent to the command of Lieutenant General Tuchkov 1st in the warehouses of the 3rd infantry corps, six Cossack regiments of the Moscow army Major General Karpov of the 2nd At the headquarters of the corral, there was a prikrittya of the Old Smolensk road and the possibility of a quick bypass of the left flank of the Russian army. Having taken the position on the top of the hill of the village of Utitsa, she later renounced the name of the Utitsky mound.

Close to 8 years old, on the Old Smolensk Road, the front line of the corps of Marshal Poniatowski was built up from the Polish parts and podrozdiliv. Metoyu Ponyatovskogo buv gliboky around the Russian left flank, and unsubstantiated on the road to the Russian vіyska overshkodzhali yomu viskonaty tsey maneuver. At tsei moment Tuchkov 1st led the 3rd division of Major General Konovnitsin to help the owners of the flash, weakening their strength. Ponyatovskiy for artillery training tried to beat Tuchkov's 1st position in the course of beating, but he was not successful. Nearly 11 years ago, the Poles renewed attacks, and coveted a team's success, having buried the Utitsky mound. However, Tuchkov 1st, having cleared the attack of the Pavlovsky Grenadier and Bilozersky and Vilmanstrandsky infantry regiments, having sent the Poles into the final position, Tuchkov himself was the 1st in the fight against death. The command over the Vyski yogo corral passed to Lieutenant General Baggovut.

Having overgrouped, close to the first year of the day, Poniatovsky knew again, having tried to break the Russian zagin, ob_yshovshi from the flank. Protest, Taurian Grenadier and Minnian infantry regiments with an air counterattack blocked the maneuver. The Poles did not want to try to strike the enemy before the day, however, General Baggovut, Karl Fedorovich / Baggovut, with their witty and quick actions, took all the attacks, having tried to advance beyond the village of Utitsa and go to the defenses.

The mensh developed dramatically on the extreme right flank of the Russian army. Nearly 10 years old, if the onslaught of French military forces became successful along all lines, Kutuzov punished Lieutenant General Uvarov and Otaman Platov to make a cavalry raid in the Great Army, to defeat the enemy's defense against the defense. Close to the first year of the day of cavalry from the 1st cavalry corps of Uvarov, on the great podiv of the French, the raptus came to the village of Bezzubovo. The cavalry division of the General Ornament quickly went behind the little boy Viyna, and on the way of the Russian cavalry the square of the 84th Line Regiment appeared, which was transferred to the central district for a rank battle for the village of Borodia. Having witnessed a few attacks not far away, before the fire of the Russian cinema artillery, the French pikhotintsi boules of snatches enter. In an hour, Platov's Cossacks traveled along the lane roads to a great extent in the Great Army, having found the village of Valuyva, where the main services of the French were known. Їх singing wikklikala great time at Bonaparte's time, as if there was a wave of excitement for the last hour to pin the activity in the center. Sob lіkvіduvati the threat on his left flanzі, Napoleon dared to take a direct main blow close to 20,000 cholovіk, who himself gave such a need for Russian vіysk repairs.

The end of the battle. pidbags

Near the 6th anniversary of the evening, the deed ended. Until the 9th year, the French were trying to go around the Russian positions through the Utitsky Lis, ale the bullets were set up in the fire of the firemen of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, and the snares of the plans were brought about in their own way. Napoleon zrozumіv, now, navіvshi flashes and Kurgan visota, win didn’t change the backbone of the Russian Imperial Army. The accumulation of these points did not change the position for this creepy, but the main line of the Russian military was broken, and during the assault the main forces of the Great Army were damaged. Already in the daytime, the Emperor of the French issued a mandate to stop the Russian changes and go to the current positions. They were making such magnificent expenses, Bagrationov's flash and Raevsky's battery appeared for the French. At the expense of the Great Army, 58,000 soldiers, 1,600 officers and 47 generals were killed, wounded and innocent. Russian military battles suffered 38,000 soldiers, 1,500 officers went through and 29 generals were killed, wounded and innocent.

For Napoleon, the general battle ended in vain. The zhodnoy with the set goals of the win is not enough, the Russian army has preserved its feud, the name of the battle might not be Bonaparte. At the battle of the field, a large portion of the well-fed, hardened soldiers, and none of the reserves could not memorize the loss. Maybut campaign also lost its value to food. The fighting spirit of the army fell.

Navpaki, Kutuzov mav all, show me your success. Unimportant on the great vtrati, the army did not give itself the power and saved a high fighting spirit until the end of the battle. The line of the Russian bullets is broken through, and the enemy of the bullets hangs and bleeds. Protest, do not marvel at the backyard bazhanya to continue the battle on the coming day, Kutuzov issued an order about the backbone entrance. We won’t mind, that without the coming of reserves and for the rest of the day, the army is not going to continue the campaign and bring the war to a great success, in that hour as Bonaparte was dying, there was no equal for the day and the leathery result of all

MI Kutuzov wrote about the pid bags in battle as follows: “Batalie, on the 26th, the colishnya, the bully is most bloody from the quiet, as in new hours vіdomі. The mice of battle we are welcomed, and the gate has retreated to the same position, in which we have come to attack ”.

And the axis of Napoleon's assessment: “The battle on Moskva-Richtsi was one of quiet battles, the best results were achieved and the best results achieved. The French in them have shown themselves to be indispensable, and the Russians have earned the right to be indispensable. "

The main battle of the Victory Day of 1812 fell 26 sickles (7 spring) at the village of Borodino billya Mozhayska, 124 km from Moscow. The French history of the fight is called the Battle of Moscow-Richtsi. Yasnovelnozhny prince M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, having taken the decision to enter into the general battle, went from a number of officials. Winning the attitude of the army, she was eager to fight against the enemy in battle and understanding the fact that it is impossible to escape the old Russian capital without a fight.

For the battle, it was necessary to vibrate the position, the yaka was pleased with the main vimogs of Kutuzov. The field was guilty of taking over the main forces of the army, and the power of being able to keep them in good order, allowing them to maneuver, and the mother of nature for a short defense. Moreover, the army was to blame for the ability to cross the New and Old Smolensk roads, which lead to Moscow. This is the position of Quartermaster General Tol viyaviv in front of the town of Mozhaisk. At the center of the field stood the village of Borodino, from which the battle took its name.

Napoleon on the Borodinsky Visota. Vereshchagin (1897).

The number of armies and the development of the Russian military

The Russian army (from the 1st and 2nd Western armies of Barclay de Tolly and Bagration) is small in its warehouse, close to 120 thousand. Cholovik: 103 yew. Regular vіysk, close to 7-8 yew. Kozatskoy and іншої irregular book, 10 yew. warriors of the overwhelming Moscow and Smolensk militia (for these tributes, close to 20 thousand militias) and 624 garmat of the Polish artillery. It is also necessary to vrahuvati, before the warehouse of regular vysk consisted of about 15 yew. New recruits who have completed only the Pochatka Vyskov training.

The "Great Army" of the French Emperor on the day of the battle nailed close to 135-136 yew. Soldiers with 587 garmat of Polish artillery. Moreover, the French army had about 15 yew. Additional forces (noncombatants), according to the feat and functions of the stench, were given to the Russian militias. The number of opposing armies is one to one of the Donin Wiklikas of the discussion of the middle of the ages. The French army is not only small in numbers, ale and yakisny - the French army in the main storehouse consisted of the pre-war soldiers, Napoleon mav the pass in the important cavalry. However, the tsi perevagi vrivnovazhuvav the Russian fighting spirit and the high moral camp of the army.

The position of the Russian army on the Borodinskoye field is small to nearly 8 kilometers. At the beginning of the day, the village of Utitsa was repaired, and at the weekend - at the village of Maslovo. The right flank is about 5 km long, passing along the birch rychka Koloch and kindly attaching the New Smolensk road. Once the unpleasant result of the battle, Mikhailo Kutuzov, only on the road to the point of entry. Here the Russian position from the flank, having seized a thick fox, turned into a routine enemy maneuver. In addition, the masses here are humpbacked, peppered with little chunks and stubs. Natural pereshkodi boules were able to handle the fortification sporuds: Maslovska flashes, harmony positions, zips.

The position on the left flange of the bullet is more open, so here the Polish reinforcement is bigger. Semenovski (Bagrationovskaya) flashes were made on the left flange. In front of them, Shevardinskyyredut was swept away. However, until the ear of the battle, the strengthening was not completed. The center of the position of the Russian army was grounded on the Battery of the Raevsky (battery of the Kurgan visoti), the French called it the Great Redoubt.

The combat order of the Russian army was stored in three lines: in the first, they went to the corps, in the other - the cavalry, in the third - the reserves. The artillery of the army was uniformly distributed in all positions.

24 serpnya vіdbuvsya bіy for Shevardinsky redut. In the course of it, it became clear that the enemy was trying to inflict a head blow on the left flank of the Russian forces, which was captured by the 2nd army under the command of Bagration. The 25th sickle bullet was quiet, offended sides were getting ready for a devastating battle, trivial was the creation of defensive sporuds. For a long-standing tradition in the Russian army, they were getting ready for a great battle, like a saint. The warriors militia, golilis, sucked in a clean bilizna, got along, etc. Napoleon Bonaparte especially provided a reconnaissance of the positions of the Russian army.

The position of the vіysk in front of the Borodіnsky bіy 26 serpnya 1812 rock (dzherelo cards: http://www.mil.ru/).

Ear of battle (5: 30-9: 00)

About 5:30 a.m., close to 100 French men fired in the fire along the positions of the Russian left flank. Immediately, with the shelling of Russian positions in the village of Borodino (the center of the Russian position), Delzon's division was destroyed from the warehouse of the 4th building of Beauharnais. The first assault onslaught of the enemy is the Life Guards Yogy Yogo regiment under the command of one of the bravest regimental commanders Karl Bystrom. Closely, the guards faced the onslaught of the overwhelming forces of the enemy (the regiment had lost more than a third of its warehouse). Then, before the threat of a threat, bypassing the flanks of the bullets, the snarls go beyond the river B'yu. Richku forsuvav and one of the French regiments. Barclay de Tolli threw three Eger regiments into battle. The Germans threw the French (the French 106th Regiment, which was more likely to increase in the number of riches) and burned the place across the river. The day ended on the 8th anniversary of the wound, behind the French the village of Borodino was overshadowed, and the stench could not pass beyond the river.

The heads of the game flared up on Bagrationov flushes. Flushes were called polovі ukrіplennya, as they were stored in two faces up to 20-30 m skin pіd host kut, Kut is the top of the beast of beasts to the gate. Їх was defended by the 2nd Grenadier Division of General Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov. Skin flush by capturing one battalion. The French, firing artillery fire, attacked the flash. The divisions of generals Desse and Company went to the offensive from the warehouse of the 1st corps of Davout. Beat from the very cob, taking on the character and character. Until now, it’s definitely unbelievable, there were some vicious attacks on Semenivska flash drives. Changes in development passed from hand to hand. Napoleon, having unleashed a head blow on the left flank, rewound from the very cob of battle to break the ground on his own. Bіy supervodzhuval artillery duel, in which they took the fate of dozens of people (the French steadily increased a number of people in a straight line). In addition, on the left flank there was a spike of the great cavalry troops. The Russian cavalry did not go to the enemy, and the "Great Army" lost up to half of its knot on the Borodinsky field. By the same token, Napoleon did not succeed in recognizing the number of his cavalry.

Mikhailo Semenovich Vorontsov.

At the first atats, the French fluff piled up the operatives and made its way through the Utitsky Lis. However, since the divisions of generals Desse and the Company began to be on the nodes of the newest flashes, the stench consumed the strong fire of Russian artillery and bullets threw the flank counterattack against the enemy heroes. In the 8th year, the French went to a friend's attack and bought a second flush. The commander of the 2nd army Bagration sent the 27th infantry division of General Dmytro Petrovich Neverovsky, as well as the Okhtyrsky hussarsky and Novorossiysky dragunsky regiments to help Vorontsov's division, to strike at the enemy's flank. The French boules vibrate from the strengthening and suffered great losses. So, marshal Davout got shell-shocked, wounded the offense of the divisional commander - Desse and Company and even all the brigade commanders. Russian news also suffered a lot of losses: Vorontsov’s grenadier division practically ceased to exist, in which there were almost 300 choloviks. Vorontsov himself was shot in the leg, if he turned the out-of-control battalion of the division into a stick attack.

Borodinskiy biy from 5:00 to 9:00.

Borodinskiy biy (9: 00-12: 30)

Napoleon managed the onslaught on the left flank: in the third attack, three divisions of the 3rd corps of Ney went and three cavalry corps of Murat. The number of artillery stovburіv on the whole straight of the bulwark was brought to 160 units.

Bagration ochіkuvav a wicked blow and punished the commander of the 7th infantry corps Raevskiy (defending the central position), inaccurately hangs up all the other lines to flashes. He also gave instructions to the commander of the 3rd infantry corps Tuchkov to safely send the 3rd infantry division of General Pyotr Petrovich Konovnitsin to the Semenivskiy flush. Besides, to pass Bagration, Kutuzov sent to the left flank of the reserve Life Guards Lithuanian and Izmailovsky regiments, the 1st Grenadier Division, the regiments of the 3rd Cavalry Corps and the 1st Cavalier. Immediately, there was a move from the right flank to the 2nd infantry corps of Baggovut from the warehouse of the 1st army.

The French, after a strong artillery bombardment, dodged a flash. In the course of the battle, General Nyvurovsky was wounded. The 2nd Kirasir divisions from the warehouse of the 8th corps of Borozdin changed the orders. Moreover, the Russian cavalry didn’t have enough of the king of the Kingdom of Naples and the commander of the French cavalry, Joachim Murat, who hid the bird. However, in a crazy battle, the French were able to walk away from the flooded change.

The position was corrected by the attack of Konovnitsin's division, having arrived before the flushes before the 10th year and with a stick strike vibrating the opponent. Oleksandr Oleksiyovich Tuchkov 4th brigade commander zovsim during the course of the day. Winning the attack of the Revel and Murom regiments and taking away a mortally wound in the chest (he could not be blamed from the field of battle and pohavat). After wounded Bagration Konovnitsin cleared the defense of the left flank, the general, when he saw vicious attacks, had two shell-shocks, but he didn’t kill his soldiers.

Approximately at the same hour at the time of the Semyonovskie flashes, the 8th corps of Junot went through the Utitskiy Lis. The position hid the 1st battery of Captain Zakharov, which in an hour collapsed to flashes. Having revealed the enemy, Zakharov, having ignited the banner and led the fire towards the Westphalians. The pedagogical regiments of the 2nd corps of Baggovut were thrown into bagneti and thrown over the gate.

Napoleon in 11 years threw in a new attack up to 45 yew. Bagnet and Shabel, concentrating up to 400 Garmat against the Russian left flank. Bagration has raised his strength - close to 20 thousand. Voiniv - in a counterattack. Engaged in a fierce hand-to-hand fight, as if trivav is close to the year. In the course of a new pass, she began to snatch at the corny of the Russian Vijsk, ale the wounded Bagration - a splinter of the nucleus shattering the hero's hand of his left leg (the hero died from the blood poisoning 12 (25) Veresnya 1812) - called for the splintering of the veins to come. The command was taken on by taking Konovnitsin. Winning soldiers for Semenivs'kyi Yar, the flash went to the French. During the fervor, the reserve batteries and the guards regiments were growing, the French did not bother with the attack on the new Russian positions. There was a short lull on the left flange.

Petro Petrovich Konovnitsin.

Beat for the Kurgan battery. Napoleon, do not let the Russian command be thrown from the center to the left flank, giving the order to his left krill to send along the Russian mountains and the Kurgan city. Tsiu position was defended by the 26th division of General Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich from the warehouse of the 7th corps of Raevsky. On the battery itself, a battle of 18 was built up to the ear. At the offensive, parts of the 4th corps went to the Viceroy of Italy, Eugene de Beauharnais. The fortune-tellers crossed the Koloch river and hit the Great Redoubt.

Until the end of the day, Raevskiy sent all his friend's line to the defense of the Semenivskiy flash. The first fortune-teller attack of the bullet is wiped out in the fire artillery. Beauharne may immediately send an attack to a friend. Kutuzov invites the entire film-artillery reserve in a number of 60 garmats and a part of the light artillery of the 1st army into battle. However, the enemy, unaffected by the military artillery fire, took the lead in the Russian position.

Oleksiy Petrovich Urmolov, Chief of Staff of the 1st Western Army, and Oleksandr Ivanovich Kutaisov, Chief of Artillery of the All Army, spent an hour at a time. The stench organized and chased the counterattack of the 3rd battalion of the Ufa infantry regiment and the 18th Uger regiment. Immediately, the regiments of Paskevich and Vasilchikov were hit on the flanks of the enemy. The Radianske War, with a bugnet attack, drove the redoubt, the thief having conceived the great vratta. Brigadier General Bonamy has had a meal. In the course of the whistle blowing Kutaisov. Yermolov took the lead in the defense of the battery, as soon as he had no shell-shocks, he was given the command of generals Pyotr Gavrilovich Likhachov. The division of Paskevich was even more blamed, the corps of Raevsky was brought into the field and replaced on the 24th division of Likhachov.

Beat for the Utitskiy Kurgan. At the very beginning of the Russian position, the 5th corps (Polish) of General Poniatowski destroyed the 1st corps of General Poniatowski in bypassing the left flank of the Russian position and close to the 8th year of the battle of the village of Utitsa. At the end of the moment, Tuchkov has already sent the 3rd division of Konovnitsin into the order of Bagratin and only one division - the 1st Grenadier. The enemy saw the soldier Tuchkov from Utitsa. Russian soldiers went to the Utitsky mound. All the Poles will try to slip forward and grab the mound of the Buli of Imagination. However, close to 11 years old, Ponyatovskiy, having rimmed the head of Junot's 8th corps, won the Utitskiy kurgan. Tuchkov especially chastised the counterattack of the Pavlovsky Grenadier Regiment and took the position. Ale in tsіy atatsі vіdvazhny commander having cut off a mortal wound. Yogo replacing Baggovut. Having overshadowed the position only close to the year of the day, since it became apparent about the fall of Semyonov's flash.

Mykola Oleksiyovich Tuchkov.

Near the 12th anniversary of the day, Kutuzov and Napoleon carried out a regrouping of their flights on the battlefield. Kutuzov sent a message to the owners of the Kurgan Viso and made a strong side of the flank, de parts of the 2nd Army went beyond the Semenivsky Yar.

Borodinsky biy from 9:00 to 12:30.

Borodinsky biy (12: 30-14: 00)

Raid of the Cossacks of Platov and Uvarov. Near the 13th day of the day, the 4th corps (іtalіysky) of Eugene Beauharnais renewed an attack on the battery of Raevsky. Napoleon, after the seizure of the Semenivskiy flash, saw the plan for the development of the advance against the krill of the Russian army. Pochatkov's idea of ​​defeating the left Russian flank and entering the main Russian forces against the senses, which was perfected by the shock ugrupovannyh was aware of the majestic losses, and the Russian defense on the left flank, unbroken Semyonovsky on the counter The French Emperor is virulent to transfer the main respect to the center of the Russian position, to acquire the Kurgan Visota. However, a new attack by the French forces on the Kurgan Bula battery was caught two years later, since the Russian cavalry and Cossacks arrived at an hour before the French attack.

Kutuzov, at a critical moment in the loss of the Semenivskiy flash and important situation in the center of Russian positions, taking decisions about routine raids of the 1st cavalry corps of General Fedor Petrovich Uvarov (close to 12 regiment). The Russian book of the bull is guilty of attacking the position of the bewitching lion krill, there were the Italian soldiers.

Borodinsky biy from 12:30 to 14:00.

The Russian cavalry crossed the river B'ya in the area of ​​the village of Maloi, and attacked French pirates and Italian cavalry in the area, cross the river Viyu near the village of Bezzubovo. The forces of Uvarov and Platov winked at the opposing camp, and Napoleon tried to send a part of the corps of Beauharnais (Italian Guard) and the cavalry corps of Pears for the purpose of mirroring. Besides, Napoleon hesitated to enter the battle guard.

About the effectiveness of the raid of the Russian cavalry, the old ones are confused by the donin. Deyakі historians vvazhayut, uvarov і Platov could kill more, ale dіyali nerіshuche. However, it is impossible to overlook the fact that the attack overshadowed the powerful blow of the enemy for two years and allowed the overloading of the Russian way - Kutuzov overcame the center and left flank.

Raid of Platov's Kozaks in the Napoleonic army. Artist Zelikhman.

Borodinskiy biy (14: 00-18: 00)

Padinnya battery Raevsky. After imaging the Russian cavalry raid, the French artillery fired a crossfire from the front and a flash of 150 warriors across the battery mound, and then went on the attack. The battery of Raevskiy became, behind the vislov participants of the battle, the reference "volcano" of the Borodin battle. Needless to say, the artillery cannonade across the entire field of battle did not feel up to the very night and took the life of thousands of people.

To strike at the 24th division, P.G. Near the 15th year of the day, the king of the Kingdom of Naples issued a mandate to the kinnoti with all his masoi attacking Russians at the Great Redoubt. Immediately, Beauharnais went on the offensive. First, joining the battle of the 2nd cavalry corps under the command of the head of the head quarters of Napoleon Auguste de Caulaincourt (the corps commander of Louis-P'єr de Montbrun, having lost an hour before the battle for the Semenivsky flash). Kirassiri Kolenkura broke through the baking fire, bypassed the Kurgan visota of evil and rushed to the battery of Raevsky. The French cavalry bully zustrіnuty baked in fire defended. For the warrior's cavalry she was given a book of the 1st Army by Barclay de Tolly, under the height of the baked knot of the cavalry mas. Vorozhi kirassiri buli vidkinuty with significant losses (the French called the Kurgan battery of Raevsky "the grave of the French cavalry"). General Auguste Caulaincourt, a vanguard of the French vanguard, General Auguste Colencourt, as and richly his comrades-in-arms before the battle of Borodin, know death on the grappling barrow. It is necessary to remember that the essence of the Borodin battle was a great blast, they didn’t want to enter the Russian, neither the French, the offended sides fought like a hero. So, the 7th rural building of the Raevsky mav on the cob is close to 10 yew. Soldiers, and during the battle, General Mig take "ice 700 ossib".

French attack on Raevsky's battery and death of General Colencourt. 7 heather. Hood. A. Adam. Mid-19th century Litography.

At that hour, if the French cavalry missed the 24th division and the Russian book, General Beauharnais's ploy turned to Raevsky's battery. With a bloody essence, the position of the bully was captured by the enemy (the moment was taken in the 4th year). General Likhachov, do not bazhayuchi eat in full, rushing at the French soldiers, the general's signs of insight hid yogo. Yogo was stunned and buried in full (One Russian general in a whole day).

Borodino. Attack on Raevsky's battery. F.A.Roubaud, 1913 b

The fall of the battery mound did not harm the defense of the center of the Russian army. Russian views were posted on new positions. About 17 years old Napoleon Bonaparte lived before the buried battery and arrived to Visnovka, the center of the Russian army, unaffected by the visits of the Russian military, and all over the backs of the party, but not stolen by the fears. There was no major turning point in the battle, so Napoleon decided to introduce his remaining reserve - the guard - into the battle. The French attack on the center of the Russian army zupinilos, on the right, was surrounded by artillery shooters.

Livy flank. Directly to the head strike of the “Great Army”, it was moving from the left flank to the center of the Russian line, to the Kurgan battery. However, the enemy did not attack the attack on the left flank of the Russian army. With a small interruption, tied up with regrouping forces, the thief tried to break through the Semenivsky Yar. On the first day of the village of Semenivskoe advancing the 1st Cavalry Corps of Nansuti, on the first day of the 4th Cavalry Corps Latur-Mobur, at that hour from the front on Semenivske, she destroyed the 2nd Army Division of the 1st Cavalry of General Philip ).

The Russian flank was flanked by the commander of the 6th infantry corps, General Dmitro Sergiyovich Dokhturov. Win ordering the distribution of the order and locking on the new position. Guards units, like the bullets of the vision of Kutuzov for the assistance of the left flank, the bullets in the square and with success fought the onslaught of the vicarious cavalry. To help the 2nd brigade of Colonel M. Khrapovitsky (Life Guards Izmailovsky and Lithuanian Regiments), the 1st Kirasir brigade of General N.V. Kretov arrived (from the warehouse of the 2nd Kirasir divisions). The Vіyskogo Order of the Kirasir and Katerinoslavskiy Kirasirskiy regiments threw the French cavalry. While fighting the French cavalry, they went on the attack more than once, and more than once they fought the onslaught.

2-nd division of Louis Friant with a bagnet attack on the coast of the village of Semenivske. However, the Russian will go to the counterattack and fight the village. An obstinate French general, not making peace with the failure, I will lead my regiment into the attack and take away the wound in my chest. Yogo soldier pislya baked essences will znuholyuyut Semenivske. Fria will take away one injury - in the leg and the team.

For 16 years, the French cavalry has already tried to attack the left flank from the village of Semenivske. However, the French ran into the colonies of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards, Semenivsky and Finlyandsky Regiments. The Russian Guards with drumbeats went into the attack and threw the witchcraft. About 19 years in the evening on the left flank of the vshuhla and rushnichna restructuring. The French vіyska couldn’t make the task of defeating the Russian vіyski on the left flank.

Borodinsky biy from 14:00 to 18:00.

The end of the battle and the bag

The rest of the little bits of the Borodin battle before the evening were seen at the battery of the Raevsky and Utitsky mound. Ale Russian times have successfully adjusted their positions, they themselves have more than once turned into rude counterattacks. The French Emperor Napoleon did not dare to send in his last reserves - parts of the Old and Young Guards, so that in the end of the day he will try to break the battle for the French army. Until the 18th year of the evening, the attacks zupinilized along the entire front. Until the very night, it was trivialized by the artillery perestroilka and the rushnichny fire in the leading Eger lantsyugs.

The Russian army went to the battle and started to get ready for the next battle. However, Kutuzov, if he had removed more data about the loss of the army, he was viral to introduce the message for Mozhaisk. About 12 years old, Vyska took away the order of the head commander, which skasuvav prepared for the next battle. The view of the building is organized, in old columns, to the front of the ar'argard.

Napoleon boomed in an impulsive and anxious mood, win ochikuvav, scho on the coming day there will be further progress. In the course of the battle, the “Great Army” was able to advance all the way for 1-1.5 km on the left flank and center. The Russian army preserved the integrity of the position and its communica- tions, took off the powerless French attacks, and counterattacked. The artillery duel, with all its triviality and zapeklikh (no ammunition was shkoduvali) did not give a pass neither to the French, nor to the Russian. The French military seized the main support points of the Russian army - the battery of the Raevsky and the Semenivsky flash drives. Alle the change on them, the bullets practically increased, and before the battle was finished, Napoleon ordered them to fail and to bring the message to the current position. Few of them were dumped (yak and znaryad), the Russian soldiers took with them a large part of the wounded comrades. At the time of the temryavi, the Cossacks took over the battlefield. Napoleon knows about the views of the Russian army only.

At the Borodin battle, the offense of the army was known to be great. The exact figure is inadvertently і in the ninth hour, the historians lead super-spikes and ponies about them. Russian army 24-26 serpnya has spent 38-50 yew. Cholovik (especially great vrati bullets from the enemy artillery fire). Napoleon's army spent close to 35 thousand. Cholovik, especially the French cavalry suffered - Borodinsky field became "the treasure of the French cavalry". Talk about a fierce battle and talk about losing two armies to the main command warehouse. At the “battle of generals” 4 Russian generals were killed, and 23 bullets were wounded and contused. The French lost 12 generals killed and died from their wounds, 38 generals and 1 Marshal (Davout) were wounded.

The chief strategic officer of the Borodin battle became the fact that Napoleon, having long ago removed the Bazhans' general battle, who had all the zusilya until he could not have lost control of the Russian army and asked the Russian military policy The "Great Army" reported the majestic Zusils, sobut I won’t be able to, the stench of the Marnimis appeared. Kutuzov is a vicon in the bazhannya of the army to date bei vorogov, ale not to seize Moscow. The offended armies have shown great manhood and heroism in the whole battle.

Borodinsky battle in a tactful plan became Napoleon's ward - win the Russian army to enter and return to Moscow. However, the strategic plan has a goal of overcoming Kutuzov and the Russian army. In the campaign of 1812, the fate was marked by a radical turning point. The Russian army showcased the battle against the strongest enemy and the fighting spirit of only zmitsniv. The innovations and the number of material resources will be unimaginable. Napoleon's army lost heart, lost the power of re-magatization, the halo of inopportunity. For now, it’s deprived of confirming the correctness of the vіyskiy theorist Karl Klausewitz, who respected that "the overcoming of the field is not just in the drowned battlefield, but in the physical and moral defeat of the enemy's forces."

Dzherela - http://topwar.ru/