Abusing Michael. Mikhailo Fedorovich is the founder of the Romanov dynasty. Completion of the Russian-Polish War. The reign of Patriarch Filaret

In the end of 1612, the Zemsky Cathedral was picked up in Moscow. The food about the vibration of the new tsar was discussed in two months. The cathedral announced all the candidates for the throne. At the pidsumku zupinilis for candidacies Mikhail Romanova.

A dynasty of Romanovs arose in Russia near the pidsumku, which ruled in the country for 300 years (until 1917).

• In a word, Mikhailo Romanov will be unacceptable to the pod_y of Troubles.
• In a different way, the family is connected with the colish dynasty of Rurikovich, the former family member of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich (by the mother's line). The first squad of Ivan the Terrible - Anastasia-sya - was the mother of Tsar Fyodor. Vona was like the Romanov family.
• Thirdly, Mikhailo was in the middle of Filaret Romanov, who had suffered from Godunov (having forcibly tonsured tonsure in Chentsi) and, moreover, having moved to the polony of "Tushinsky villain", and, so clearly, having suffered from everything.
• Quarterly, Mikhailo is a young man, who has accepted 16 rockets, and I won a "quiet delivery". I’m sure if one of the boyars said: "Viberemo Bear Romanov, young wines are not wise yet, we will have a habit of everything (as we hear)."

The Russian historian V. O. Klyuchevskiy visuvav this cause through the likes of Mikhail: “Mikhail has become ... familial popularity. Ale helped Mikhail more and more at the cathedral choices of the Romanovs' birthplaces from the dynasty of Kolishny. At Tsar Michael's house, they bachelled over the cathedral, and the nephew of Tsar Fyodor, a natural, decaying tsar. This is how the founder of the new dynasty appeared, who bowed down to the end of the Troubles. "

Having deceived the tsar, the people's representatives did not deprive him of one of the boyars' possessions and the great problems of renewing the processes of the land. The Zemsky Cathedral has permanently raised the tsar. Yogo navchayuchi-stnіki turned into a three-ric term. The stench mayzhe, without interruption, performed nine rocks (three clicks).

Ivan Susanin

Ledva knew the new tsar, Russia didn’t waste much of it. Zgіdno a number of dzherel, Polish zagіn buv messages in Kostro-ma, to grab a new Moscow tsar and beat him in. However, the mussel peasant Ivan Susanin Having voted to escort the Poles to the Romanovs' patrimony, having gone to the deaf foxes. Tim spent an hour with the good-natured people Mikhaylo got to move to Kostro-ma, after he had gone to the high walls of the Ipatiev Monastery. For the order of the tsar Susanin by paying the lives.

Historians have long been arguing about the authenticity of the story. Ale in the memory of the people, the image of the Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin became a symbol of heroic self-sacrifice in the Im'ya of Vichizni.

Minin and Pozharsky under Romanov

Minin Kuzma Zakhar'ev (in a word, Sukhorukov), the townspeople ludin, the zemstvo headman of Nizhny Novgorod under Mikhail Romanov, becoming a dummy nobleman. Dead 1616 r

During the reign of Tsar Boris Godunov, Dmitro Mikhailovich Pozharskiy mav pri-dvorniy rank of steward, while Vasil Shuyskiy was a military commander in the town of Zaraisk. Fighting well against False Dmitry I I, taking part in the first Opole-chenii in battles against the Poles in Moscow. For Tsar Mikhail Romanov, having renounced the boyar rank, ocholyuvav important, instruct him, having become the voivode in Novgorod. He died in 1642 and was buried at Suzdal, on the territory of the Savior-Ephimiev Monastery.

Kinets XVI and ear of XVII century became in the Russian history the period of social-political, economic and dynastic crisis, which I call the Time of Troubles. The ear for the hour of troubles was laid by the catastrophic famine of 1601-1603 years. Rise of the destruction of the encampment of all the faiths of the population summoned the fall of Tsar Boris Godunov and the transfer of the throne to the "legitimate" sovereign, and also until the impostors of False Dmitry I and II appeared as a result of a dynastic crisis.

"Sambirshchyna" - the order that took place in Moscow after the fall of Tsar Vasil Shuisky in 1610, sent the agreement about defrauding the Polish prince Vladislav to the Russian throne, and in 1610 the fate was allowed to the capital of Poland.

From 1611 in Russia there was a build-up of patriotic attitudes. Formed against the Poles of the First, the militia did not go far to drive the Inzems out of Moscow. And in Pskov a new impostor False Dmitry III appeared. In 1611, the fate of the initiative of Kuzma Minin in Nizhny Novgorod on a chola with Prince Dmitry Pozharsky began to form the Other militia. At the crescent of 1612, it went to Moscow and the spring began to sound. Kerіvnistvo Zemsky militia began to prepare the vibrating Zemsky Cathedral.

On the cob in 1613, the viborni "all the earth" began to go to Moscow. The Zemsky Sobor, which became the first of all estates, with the participation of the townspeople and the representatives of the Silska. The number of quiet people in Moscow, "radna of people", was overwhelmed by 800 people, who represented no less than 58 places.

The Zemsky Cathedral gave its birth to 16 sichnya (6 sichnya to the old style) 1613 rock. Representatives of "all earth" annulled the decision before the cathedral about the denigration of the prince Vladislav to the Russian throne and decided: "Do not ask for foreign princes and Tatar princes for the Russian throne."

The congregation was seen in the atmosphere of a baked supernatural of small political groups, formed into a Russian suspension for the fate of the Troubles, and they pushed their camp to defend their pretender to the royal throne. The participants in the cathedral hung more than ten pretenders to the throne. Among the young dzherels, Fedir Mstislavsky, Ivan Vorotinsky, Fedir Sheremetev, Dmytro Trubetskoy, Dmytro Mamstryukovich and Ivan Borisovich Cherkaski Pet, Ivan Golitsin, Ivan Mikhailovich Fyodorovych

The tribute "Dopovidniy vipis about estates and maetkahs 1613 rock", in which land was registered, was given away, and immediately after the tsar was defrauded, the most active members of the "Romanovskiy" circle were allowed to stand up. The candidacy of Mikhail Fedorovich in 1613 was created not by the clan of the Romanov boyars, but spontaneously formed in the course of the robot to the Zemsky Cathedral of the gurtok, which evolved from other rows of the earlier boyars' groups.

The Cossacks played a great role, on the thought of a number of historians, in the recruitment of Mikhail Romanov for the kingdom, as in the whole period they melt with a flowing suspension force. Among the service people and the Cossacks of the Vinikak Rukh, the center of which was the Moscow podvir'ya of the Troitse-Sergiyev Monastery, and the monastic cellar of the Monastery, Avraamy Palitsin, a person of the Velmi Vlivova middle of the Muscovites. At the rejoicing for the fate of the cellarer Abraham, and finally, the sixteenth-century Mikhail Fedorovich, the son of the Rostov Metropolitan Filaret, full of Poles, was voted as tsar.

The main argument of Mikhail Romanov’s adherents was made up to the point that on the mind of the kings of the vibrancy they were ordained by people, albeit by God, so as to resemble a noble royal root. If there was no dispute with Rurik, but the closeness and dispute with the dynasty of Ivan IV gave the right to occupy the throne.

Before the Roman Party came a lot of boyars, the Orthodox clergy came to the fore, the Cathedral of the Consecration.

Dealing with 17 fierce (7 fierce for the old style) 1613 rock, with ale of office destructive bulo brought up to 3 birch trees (21 fierce for the old style), after an hour it became clear that the people of the new tsar would be welcomed.

At the place and life of the land, the bullets were issued with a letter about the recruiting of the tsar and the oath of allegiance to the new dynasty.

23 birch trees (13, behind іnshi dzherels 14 birch trees in the old style) 1613 after the Cathedral arrived in Kostroma. In the Ipatievsky Monastery, de Mihaylo, the mother, they were told about the redemption to the throne.

Unbeknownst to him, Moscow didn’t bother the Poles; Go to the localities sent letters from the requests of the supervisors of the vibrant people to Moscow for a great help.

If people are viborn, they have rested their hearts. Persh for all the bulo virіsheno vibrate "natural Russian sovereign, and not an earthly and not a differently faithful prince". In addition, they respected for the opportunity from the boyar families to vibrate only that one, which would not be hesitant in the rest of the troubles. As a result, the tsar could be converted only from the family of the Romanov boyars, who, in spite of the dispute, stood the most up to the king's family.

On 21 fierce 1613 fate, in the era of Orthodoxy, the viborns were selected for the prize for submission of letter thoughts - and all of them unanimously pointed out the young Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov as a “natural sovereign”. Todi the clergy and the boyars went to Cherepovishche and fed the people to the Chervoniy area: "Who do you want in the tsar?" In general, the whole area echoed with thick cries: "Mikhailo Fedorovich Romanov will be the Tsar-Sovereign of the Moscow State and all the Russian State!"

Secretly, a prayer service was read in the Assumption Cathedral in the Assumption Cathedral and a lot of years were heard to the newly elected tsar, and then all the viborns, boyars and people took the oath of allegiance. All the places sent letters of letters about the denunciation of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the kingdom. The young tsar, who was in the whole hour in Kostroma, and before the new, sent an embassy from the whole Russian land - "to ask him for the kingdom."

Pislya arriving in Kostroma 13 Bereznya 1613 fate The Embassy violated the Ipatian Monastery, the sixteenth Mikhailo Fyodorovich is still alive with his mother Martha. During the prayer service in the cathedral church, the embassy handed over to the captured tsar a letter from the entire Russian land and asked him to come to Moscow for accession to the throne. However, the young Mikhailo and his mother have seen him. Chernitsya Martha, from the name of Sina, said, “I’m not a sovereign in my thoughts, but the people of the Muscovite state were not old enough, but the people of the Muscovite state became young - swearing at the military services to the great sovereigns and all of them”. At the end of her life, she guessed about Godunov's joy and Shuisky's elevation to the throne. “Until then,” added the maid Martha, “all the Muscovite state, from the Polish and Lithuanian people, rozorene, the royal belongings and the belongings of the stolen goods, so the tsar should not serve the people and fight against the enemies.”

At the end of the day, it was said that many rulers - Boris Godunov and Vasyl Shuisky - “ascended the throne for their nobles,” and the ninth king sent the earth to the kingdom “not for their own nobles,” but by the will of God. At the same time, they added that "all the people of the Moscow state have now been punished and have come to the day", and with their words they prayed to Mikhail Fyodorovich and the maiden Martha, that the young tsar "did not know the will of God for himself, as if God did not want to new kintsev ruin and ruin of all powers ”.

Todi Mikhailo Fyodorovich and his mother said, "The stench in us is to rely on the righteous, unburned valley of God." Mother blessed Sina, and Mikhailo Fedorovich took the royal staff from the archbishop. Unsatisfactorily sent the young tsar went to Moscow, de і ended up in the kingdom of 11 worms in 1613 fate.

Until now, 1613, representatives of fifty places were sent to Moscow, together with the people of Moscow they built the Zemsky (viborchiy) cathedral. Immediately, they began to discuss the food about the earthly applicants in the tsar. In such a rank, he was found to be Filip and Vladislav. Nareshti bulo wine decision "do not rob the king from the list of foreigners", or turn the ruler of the Russian state from the great Moscow canopies. As soon as the discussion came to a head, who could be brought to the throne by himself, then the thoughts were distributed. Kozhen voted for an acceptable candidate and could not get his thoughts.

However, at the same time, it was not only at cathedrals, but in Moscow itself, among the Cossacks and Zemsky people, the young Mikhailo Fedorovich Romanov, the young Metropolitan Filaret, is a special authority. I already lost my mind when Vladislav was recruited, and now it seemed that they were falling asleep, so the letters came from the Kozaks and the townspeople. Somogo fierce in 1613 the cathedral resides in a zupiniti vibir on Mikhail Romanov, however, for the sake of safety, I will be right for a couple of days, so it’s possible to know for a whole hour on the nearest places like to be placed there before Mikhail. So the twentieth first fierce boyar was taken from the estates with good novelties, for which Mikhailo Fedorovich Romanov, having been voted out by the tsar, all the members of the cathedral, as well as all of Moscow, swore allegiance.

However, there was no new tsar in Moscow. In 1612 rotsi win sidiv with mater (maid Martha Ivanovnoyu) in the oloz (Kremlin), and later, having made a call, went to Kostroma through Yaroslavl in his own village. There, he was not safe from a wandering goat, or a Polish corral, which walked around the Russian land when Tushin fell. Mikhail Romanova Ryatu in the village of Domnina yogo villager Ivan Susanin. Having spoken to Mikhail about the problem, guilty by deceit to lead enemies into the forest, to accept death, to replace that boyar's hut.

Pislya tsyo Mikhailo Fyodorovich was transferred to the Patriarch Monastery near Kostroma; At the same time, Mikhailo Romanov was able to endure his vision of the throne, and his mother also did not bless him on the throne;

It was only after all those who had come to mind that they had taken away this year, and Mikhailo himself, on the eighteenth birch tree of 1613, would take care of the kingdom and go to Moscow.

History of Russia from Rurik to Putin. People. Podії. Dati Anisimov Evgen Viktorovich

Abduction of Mikhail Romanov by the Tsar of the First and the First Kroki

Zemsky Cathedral, clicks in 1613 (on the new boule representatives from 50 places and the clergy), immediately grasping: do not choose the new throne. A lot of people were claiming the throne. However, they chose the 16-year-old Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, who at that moment was not going to be in Moscow at that time. Then for the new one, it was especially inveterated and aggressively advocated by the number of tushinci and Cossacks. The rest of the participants of the Zemsky Cathedral were afraid - everyone knew the nevgamovna power of the Cossack freemen. The first candidate for the tsar, one of the militia officers, Prince D.T. Vіn vlashtovuvav ryasnі benketi, ale nothing, krym laughs, from all of them not having cut them off. The Cossacks, zukhvalo walked around Moscow with enchanting NATO, marveled at Mikhail and marveled at the close friend of the "Tushin patriarch" Filaret, vazhayuchi, as soon as they hear the rumors. Vtim, Mikhailo vlashtovuvav i bagatokh іnshikh - Russian suspension longed for peace, value and mercy. All memorials, that Mikhailo looked like Shanovan for the kindness of the first squad Ivan the Terrible, Anastasia - "Golubitsi".

Decision about defrauding Mikhail Zemtsi took 7 fierce, and 21 fierce ones in 1613, when they walked through the Kremlin and prayers in the Assumption Cathedral, bringing the official to defraud Mikhail to the kingdom. For Trubetskoy, the overcoming of Mikhail's party came as a terrible blow. Yak write a fellow, he was honored with a special grief and ailment for 3 months. Even a pack - a crown for Trubetskoy appeared as a part of it. The cathedral ordered the deputation to Kostroma, to Mikhail. The messengers from all the land called the Yunak to the kingdom.

Until the moment the deputies arrive in Kostroma, Mikhailo with the mother, the maiden Martha, lives in the Ipatievsky Monastery. Tsei old monastic monastery built in 1330 rotsi, if the noble Tatar Chet zupinivsya in a camp near Kostroma. In the night, Bogomatir dreamed of a dream. Chet secretly accepted Orthodoxy, and at the scene of the miraculous manifestation of the Mother of God, he closed the monastery, the names of the Ipatyevsky Troitsky. Tsey Tatar Chet, who became Zakhar in Orthodoxy, having become the ancestor of Boris Godunov. It was then on April 14, 1613, the fate and the meeting of the Moscow delegation with Martha and the blue Mikhail.

Embassy member Avraamy Palitsin said that the mother of the tsar didn’t wait until he was allowed to come to the kingdom, and it’s possible to see it: I want the land to go to a stubborn camp, Martha, I know the share of Mikhailo’s middleman about Maybut’s 16th Ale deputation blessed Marta Ivanivna so fervently that she gave her year. I 2nd May 1613 r Mikhailo Fedorovich went to Moscow, A11 went to the kingdom.

The young tsar ruled with a lot of non-self. For all of him, the Boyarska Duma was violated, behind his back were his relatives, who had rejected a vivid image at the courtyard; great was the role of the mother, the "Great Old Lady" Martha, the women of the Volovyi and the Suvoroy. Vona became the abbot of the Kremlin Ascension Monastery. Everyone checked the turn of the king's father - Patriarch Filaret, who languished in the Polish polony. Ale tse did not start soon.

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