One and the same meanings. Words with subordinate meanings: vznachennya, put implantation. Attach some meaningful disliv
It is already clear from the very sign of the sign that the main characteristic є the lied to it is a representative function: being a representative, or an intercessor, in the name of a new (singing) object. І tse - value sign. Significant verbal signs can be incorporated into a wide sense of the word - everything that can be seen and named is forgiven or forgotten. Slid brutal respect for those who, in the sense of meaning, stand out, persh for everything, about everything, about the nature of the action - natural and social. Іnshoyu іstotnoyu characteristic of the verbal sign є yogo sense. sensefree turn the verbal information is framed with it, as it allows the visualization to be presented as an object (or without the same type of objects) in the middle of the objects. For example, the sense of the word "Misyats" - in an extravagant yogo implantation - can become such a characteristic yak "a natural companion of the Earth"; the sense of the proposition of the nimetsky movi "DerSchneeistwei" in the Russian movement is being created by the proposition "Snig is white"; sense of the word "kradіzhka" - "tamne vikradennya someone else's mine" and so on.
Obviously, for one and the same object (or without objects), you can see the characteristics. Tse means that two virazi can be missed, but one and the same meanings, for example, "one-sided tricycle" and "one-sided tricycle". Words (or words) with one and the same meanings are called equally significant In addition, one and the same word can mean a mother and a half, the same, you can understand the understanding (smisli). This is what I call richness... The significance of the words is not consistent in the scientific and professional spilkuvanni.
Sens є with a good lanka between the word and signified by this object. Giving the senses a deyakogo viraz є in an important logical way of introducing new terms into the language and clarifying the meaning of the more explicit ones in a new word.
Talk about sense, we will be mother on uvazi straight sense word and word indirect, Portable radio stations ("bile gold", "black gold", "fly on krilah love" and in. Metaphorical virazi, which will indicate the singular similarity of some objects, processes, manifestations with others). Direct sense of the need to be considered is also "literal", or etymological senseu ("geography" literally means to describe the Earth, "brehati" literally means "talk", "move", etc.).
It is accepted in respect of the meaning of the sign the function of the sense of the word. Tsim adore the special role of the senses: it is unambiguously imposed on the object, which is recognized as a sign, the thoughts are seen from the bereaved.
It is clear that both the suspension, and the skin of the human being is guilty of the mother's reserve of words, which are not in the middle sense. Here we can use words like signs, sounds with meanings that arise in the process of playing a word and one-hour sensitive reception of this meaning, for example, color ("wormwood"), smell, spacious configuration of the position of an object, etc.
The skin appears to have rosinated viraziv of natural movi on a part of the movi. Logical "grammatical" has a similar pidrozdil, albeit from the first place, and itself, in the absence of a type, is presented in words (or words derived) of thoughts.
Until the first type of objects, single objects will be placed. We will use single objects to respect such objects of knowledge, leather and individual objects of the same type: number 7, friends of A.S. Pushkina, Misyats, etc. Viewed by single objects in the logical category of new types - alone name. The Іkhsmyslom є is tied with them information, which allows a single object with an unambiguous rank to see a single object with no objects of the same type with it. Add such names: "Petro 1", "Ninish President of the Russian Federation", "The author of the novel" Evgeniy Ongin "," Svyatkuvannya 66th fascist Nimechchinoy"and etc. One name can be added to description (folding) i on non-descriptive (simple) name. With the attachments of simple (non-descriptive) names є the words “Everest”, “Yu.A. Gagarin ", with butts of folding (descriptive) names -" The first little cosmonaut "," Nybilsha Richka in Europe ".
Another type of objects is the power of objects and the presence of objects among them. Virazi, how to represent in mov this kind of ob'єkti, we call it universals... Apply universesal: the word "style" in the catch "Tsey style - round"; the word "brother" in the viskzivanii "Ivan brother of Peter"; the word "zlochin" is used by the words "Kradizhka є zlochin". Universality is characterized by the fact that one can play a double role in the speech: 1) become a part of the logical "adjudication", so as to represent the ascribed objects as power or appearance, as in the application "Tsei stil - round"; in the whole function of the university we will predicates; 2) being logical "pidlyag", to represent in the lingering before taking the subject of the deykogo unlawful objects of the same type, leathery from which they can see power, like in the butt "Be-yak zlochin not safe for the suspension. " Such universals will be nazivati sub'єktami.
The third type of warehouses situations (I will speak)... According to the situation, the logical category of the new ones is stored list of answers. For example, the manifestation of the situation of the Volga's depression in the Caspian Sea appears in the speech “Volga flows into the Caspian Sea”, and the situation of the rivnosti of the summers of the tricycle 180 ° - in the speech of the “Suma of the knots” of the tricycle, etc. Situations can be simple or foldable - in the form of those that are simple or foldable represent their propositions. Add folding words і, apparently, the situation: "If the number is 6, then it will be 2"; "Yang and yogo dad was spent at the whole hour at home."
The sense of the proposition is to become a judgment. The perception of judgment from a proposition (as a symbolic form of judgment) can be carried out if there are two or more propositions, such as by correct transpositions from the same natural movement on the other: signs of the same structure of development, and the same. sense propositionsі є judgment. Oskilki mov we have about the logical analysis of movi, the meaning of the proposition to be impressed by whether one of the abstract objects truth abo bullshit. So, the sight of the "Volga falls into the Caspian Sea" means true (for the sake of the proposition of the creative situation, that there is little point in action), and the sight of the "Volga falls into the Chorne Sea" is nonsense (about
Skin science is specific for its term. You can talk about mathematical terms: "number", "geometric figure", "bezlich"; іnuyut physical terms, such as "masa", "elementary particle", "electric charge"; in biology, there are the terms “klitka”, “organism”, “decay”; in medicine - "symptom", "syndrome", "ailment"; in jurisprudence - "legal norm", "zlochin", "kradіzhka". Tsi virazi to become a category descriptive terms(Lat. Description - describe), behind the skin there is a specific object, be it the power of the same type of objects, and t. P. In our analysis we have descriptive terms and definitions.
In the world of science, there are a lot of descriptive terms, which characterize the objects of the sovereign subject area, get along with the virazs, which are victorious in the sciences. Prior to them, acts of small parts and spiloks, such as "i", "abo", "yakcho, then," For the additional help of the cycle of terms from simple vislovyuvan (sujen), folding (folding) is established. The group of “interdisciplinary” terms includes virazi “” (“essence”), “all” (“skin”), “deyaki” (“to see”), “not”, for the help of which there will be simple single and multiple ( home and private) judgments. They are categorized logical terms(Logic constants).
Without logical terms, the same judgment cannot be reversed. The stench will start with a borderline structure - logical form They are linked to logical lines and laws of logic. Deyakі from tsikh termsіnіv іnodі go down for the sake of stislosti promovi, like, for example, at the sight of "Lyudina is mortal." With a logical analysis of the judgments of the goiters, it is necessary to identify all the "omissions", so that it is possible to clarify the logical wisdom, the nutritional information about the truth or the need. Zokrema, guided by the reception of the following viglyad: "All people are mortals." I would like to see such a reconstruction and re-enactment of the propositions, but they will make them unrepentant, thoughts, they are caught up in them, and make them clearer and more meaningful.
About the analysis of the situation, I was ready.
A group of people, for which the development methods of improving one and the same time have led to great results.
At the first glance, the first way є by themselves. We will report a line of a roulette wheel to the surface of the wake-up call and then start a shukan. Great respectful analysis of the show, but it’s not like that. Vyavlyayetsya, budіvlya Im a little nahil, and the wall in that mіsci, de carried out vimiri, the curvature of the curvature - won є opukloi, and in bik vulytsі. Tse means that we do not see the height of the awakening, but rather the amount of the wall, tied with the hanging.
Another way is indirectly. Vimіryavshi hour fall bag, mi rorakhovuєmo hang for a vіdomuyu formula for vіlnogo fall: h = gt 2/2. For the whole time, it’s worthwhile to hang out. Ale, we have forgotten about those, how the bag will collapse in the twilight and, now, see the opir of the middle. To that, the formula is also insured by the value that is also not the true values of the wake up.
The third vimir, like і other, є is indirect. Visota starts from geometric mirkuvan: in rectangular tricycle Dozhina of the protylezhny leg to the tangent of the kuta. Our height has the role of one leg, and the appearance of the laser before waking up is the role of the one. For the rest of the time, we were led by a run-down about ideally horizontal surfaces, at the cost of the booths. As a result, they knew the magnitude, which was not by the hanging, but now because of the reason.
Otzhe, in the dermal way post_yn_ factor(In the skin of your own, and there can be a spike), which should be produced before systematic abduction vimir in this way. Skinny times, when the meaning of the same and the same magnitude in some and quiet minds is systematic, the misapprehension of the same and the same values is systematic. As the factor of vrahuvati, having introduced the amendments, it is possible to get closer to the real value of the vimiruvan value and to the results of the revision in different ways (due to the amendments made for a systematic error), we can get closer. In such a rank, in principle, systematic fraud can be secured and brought to life , If you want to stay in practice, you can reach the end of the difficult tasks.
Now we will try to use the same method (including one and the same set of attachments), which can lead to one type of one meaning. Tse tied with a tsil next factors, scho dyut vypadkovym rank... In the opened butt, there may be small mechanical shaking of the soil, awakening and adjusting, heating in the flow, tied with the change of linear changes in the walls and vicious adjustments, etc. Nareshti, є shche human factor, Dressing for the springs, for the process and for the reaction on the sprint. As a result, with repeated changes of the same and the same magnitude, there may be changes in the ugly humbugs... From vimir to vimir vipadkov, a hindrance can change its sign, as well as its size. Due to the lipid nature of the injection it’s too early to change the value of such a hiccup. .
Our analysis of the power supply:
1. So also "spravzhnє" meaning of vimіryuvana magnitude?
2. How can I present the results and the results of the urahuvannya of hacks?
Oscillations of food do not just stick out the butt, ale
and whether they are some kind of vimirіv, we will go to the public and the distribution of the foreign recommendations.
Guidance specific butt demonstrating overwhelming power, It is typical for be-like vimіryuvan, - be-like vimir supervise .
Tse the power, in the kintsevoy rakhunka, it was pondered by him, how would it be that the lancet of the participants in the procedure of vimiryuvannya will be transferred to each other: sposterіgach - vimіryuvalny adjunct - analysis ob'єkt - "zovnіshnє sredovishche".
The elements of the lancet are tied in a majestic circle in conjunction with fashion and rukhiv. In the process of analyzing the object, the visual adjuster and the sposter can be strong until the later inflows (including remembering), so that you can be aware of the results of the tests.
Crazy, if I change in pour, because I don’t think that I’m going to wait before the procedure, and if I’m getting it out of the water, then the accuracy of our time will be growing up. Ale is absolutely more accurate, it is unwisely principled. The first thing is rich in what is tied to the nature of the quantities themselves.
If, for example, you want to absolutely accurately simulate the amount of the metal rod, then you can see the obviousness of the principle that the crystal lattice is not overwhelming (if it is even small). Niyakoi absolutely exact "true" dozhini at the haircut is dumb. Vona steadily change in rank, looking in the direction of the deyakiy most often meaning. The axis of values can be taken as a "reference" value, and it should be operated with it, apparently about a haircut, for example, a value for any problems, for example, for the purpose of lugging a rod.
This kind of situation appears in the impotent ones. Sami vimiryuvani of magnitude in the form of a fall can change, as it has already been said, it is a physical nature of cich magnitudes. In such a rank, my stikaєmosya z principled non-overwhelming of bad factors ... Їх can be called to the minimum, but it is not possible to shake off them. already, Imagine the results of the report, we are guilty of giving information, that our assessment of the "true" value of the urahuvannya of the errors of the wrong (For the sake of it, the systematic abduction has been included or insured in the case of the latest amendment). Zrozumіlo, but most often such information can be presented behind the results of bagatorazovyh vimіryuvan.
vote usa (6)
What is the best way of compiling / detecting duplicate values in C / C ++?
Wievert field іsnu kіlka elements, as it is not sealed with obvious values .
Back plan:
I have done some C code, for example:
#define BASE1_VAL (5) #define BASE2_VAL (7) typedef enum (MsgFoo1A = BASE1_VAL, // 5 MsgFoo1B, // 6 MsgFoo1C, // 7 MsgFoo1D, // 8 MsgFoo1E, // 9 MsgFoo2VA ! 7 again ... MsgFoo2B // Uh oh! 8 again ...) FOO;The problem is that, in the world, as the code is growing, and some of the developers add more new names to the MsgFoo1x group, and to the final bag of wine, re-new BASE2_VAL.
The whole code in the end bag will be transferred to C ++, besides, as only C ++ is a solution (magic to the template?), It's okay - ale solution, like a solution with C and C ++, more beautiful.
Є There are a few ways to change the hour of compilation, or the stench may not be expected to come to you. Find out by inserting the marker value "marker" right before MsgFoo2A.
typedef enum (MsgFoo1A = BASE1_VAL, MsgFoo1B, MsgFoo1C, MsgFoo1D, MsgFoo1E, MARKER_1_DONT_USE, / * Don "t use this value, but leave it here. * / MsgFoo2A = BASE2_VAL, MsgFoo2B) FOO;Now we need a way to guarantee that MARKER_1_DONT_USE< BASE2_VAL во время компиляции. Есть два распространенных метода.
Masivi negative size
A shallow pit with a negative size. Tse viglyadaє trohi indulgent, ale tse pratsyuє.
extern int IGNORE_ENUM_CHECK [MARKER_1_DONT_USE> BASE2_VAL? - eleven];Mayzhe kozhen kompіlator, if there are some spellings, generate a pardon, if MARKER_1_DONT_USE is bigger, niz BASE_2_VAL. GCC viplyovuє:
test. c: 16: error: size of array 'IGNORE_ENUM_CHECK' is negativestatic hardened
As long as your compiler will adapt C11, you can use _Static_assert. The C11 approach is not ubiquitous, but your compiler can handle _Static_assert whatever it is, more, but the C ++ functionality is widely adopted.
_Static_assert (MARKER_1_DONT_USE< BASE2_VAL , "Enum values overlap." );GCC of the following type:
test. c: 16: 1: error: static assertion failed: "Enum values overlap." _Static_assert (MARKER_1_DONT_USE< BASE2_VAL , "Enum values overlap." ); ^The first step can be found in the fact that you can use gccxml (or more manual pygccxml) for identifying candidates for manual viewing.
I don’t know anything about those who will automatically convert all the members of the pererahuvannya, but if you want to convert, what may be changes in the іnіtsіalіzator (or macros, on how stinks you can pay) do not respond:
switch (0) (case MsgFoo1A: break; case MsgFoo1B: break; case MsgFoo1C: break; case MsgFoo1D: break; case MsgFoo1E: break; case MsgFoo2A: break; case MsgFoo2B: break;)lead to the pardon of the compiler, as if it were from the integral values will be repeated victoriously, and more compilers will tell you how the value (numerical value) will be a problem.
I don’t believe that є I will be able to evolve from my own self, vrahoyuchi, how to feel misleadingly, if you want, if you want, two meanings will be the same. Tim is not the least, you can always change, but all explicitly set items are at the top of the list:
typedef enum (MsgFoo1A = BASE1_VAL, // 5 MsgFoo2A = BASE2_VAL, // 7 MsgFoo1B, // 8 MsgFoo1C, // 9 MsgFoo1D, // 10 MsgFoo1E, // 11 MsgFoo2B // 12) FOO;As long as the signs of the meaning are located on the mountains, they cannot be seen, because of the cause of the macro, Do not expand to the values that are the same.
Let the problem go well with the fixed number of bits for the skin group MsgFooX, and for the sake of the fact that the skin group did not re-nudge, you see a number of bits. Rishennya "Kilkist bit" is kind, which allows a sizeable test of value, to which group it is necessary to develop. But for a lot of dumb functions, it’s legal for pererahuvannya, but there are two of the same meanings:
typedef enum (gray = 4, // Gry should be the same gray = 4, color = 5, // Also makes sense in some cases couleur = 5) FOO;If we want to have a lot of reflections, you can see the problem, as you can see the meaning of the overhaul.
Here the tse is bare:
enum E (A = 0, B = 0);in the іnshomu mісtsі we willєmotsei mechanism:
template< typename S , S s0 , S ... s >struct first_not_same_as_rest: std :: true_type (); template< typename S , S s0 , S s1 , S ... s >struct first_not_same_as_rest: std :: integral_constant< bool , (s0 != s1 ) && first_not_same_as_rest < S , s0 , s ... >:: value> (); template< typename S , S ... s >struct is_distinct: std :: true_type (); template< typename S , S s0 , S ... s >struct is_distinct: std :: integral_constant< bool , std :: is_distinct < S , s ...>:: value && first_not_same_as_rest< S , s0 , s ... >:: value> ();If you have a lot of possession (for which you need C ++ 11), we can start with:
static_assert (is_distinct< E , A , B >:: value, "Duplicate values in E detected");and the hour of compilation is guaranteed, there are no two elements.
The price is O (n) for the recursion, and O (n ^ 2) for the compiler for the hour of compilation, so for the supremely great ones, it can be a problem. AO (lg (n)) і O (n lg (n)) work with more constant efficiency, it is possible to expand, from a list of items sorted, but a little more.
With the enum rewriting code, proponated for C ++ 1y-C ++ 17, it will be possible without repeating the elements.
I couldn’t be helped by the ideas, even published here, but the stench was given to me by a few ideas. A useful method is to submit messages from Ben Voight to the response of a switch statement. There is only one number of vipads in the commutator and the same number, if you deny the compilation.
Nice for me and, maybe, for the original poster, but not for some C ++ features.
To clear my speeches, I’m the vicorist, say aaronps: How can I uniquely repeat myself with the current transcription of C ++ and the fallen structure of the data?
See the list of items in the heading here:
#define DEFINE_ENUM_VALUE (name, value) name = value, #define CHECK_ENUM_VALUE (name, value) case name: #define DEFINE_ENUM (enum_name, enum_values) \ typedef enum (enum_values (DEFINE_ENUM_VALUE)) enum_name; #define CHECK_ENUM (enum_name, enum_values) \ void enum_name ## _test (void) (switch (0) (enum_values (CHECK_ENUM_VALUE);))Now, if you need a mother pererahuvannya:
#define COLOR_VALUES (GEN) \ GEN (Red, 1) \ GEN (Green, 2) \ GEN (Blue, 2)Nareshty, many rows are necessary for the actual overhaul:
DEFINE_ENUM (Color, COLOR_VALUES) CHECK_ENUM (Color, COLOR_VALUES)DEFINE_ENUM Leadingє type of tribute pererahuvannya. CHECK_ENUM The function of the test, which includes all the values of the test. The compiler will be used when compiling CHECK_ENUM if you have a duplicate.
Lack of originality in Russian language. Even more often, with the same word, it is possible to name and / or characterize absolutely different objects or manifestations. Some words may have one basic meaning - pochatkov, literally, and one (or more) - figuratively, figuratively, metaphorically. It remains, vividly, on the basis of certain signs, similarities, associations.
Attach significant names
In the middle of the men, you can know even more abundantly in the sub-meanings. The axis is deprived of actions from them:
| word | direct value | Transfer value |
| ticket | A ticket for a trip to a trip, a ticket to a theater in a movie. | Exam card. |
| comb | A tool for hair growth, comb. | Ridge of needles or burn. |
| word | Movna is one. | Literary genre... For example, "A word about the regiment of Igor". |
| hand | Chastina tila - right hand, left hand. |
|
| Penzlik | The hand is a part of the wrist from the wrist to the fingertips. | A tool for painting with farbs. |
| Robot | Physical pratsya, zusilya, kind to occupy people. | The result of physical practice is "Garna of a robot!" |
| sheet | A leaf that grows on a tree. | Arkush paperu, from zoshita or album arkush. |
| root | The root of the tree. A part of a tree, yak is located under the ground. |
|
| borg | A penny, abo the material value, attributed to one person, the result is suspicious. | Moral pragnennya to anything, moral obedience. |
Tse is far from the entire list. The whole thing, melodiously, is simply uncomfortable, even with subordinate meanings in the Russian move, it is so rich in itself, as it is unambiguous.
Attach bugs and values
It is not possible to name objects in one word, but to describe them. The axle of the butt of the following lines:
| word | direct value | Transfer value |
| steel | Preparations from steel. For example, steel nіzh. | Duzhe mіtsny, unprepared - "steel nerves". |
| Golden | Crushed from gold - "gold earrings", "gold ring". | Duzhe prizniy, kind, wolodin vidatnym moral values - "the gold of a man", "gold of a child", "gold in the heart". |
| important | There is a great number of physical zusil - "the importance of the robot". | Forgive, it is important for us to be patient with it - "an important person", "an important character." |
| bily | White color - "biliy snig", "biliy arkush". | Virsh without rimi - "biliy virsh". |
| black | Black color - "black eyes", "black marker". | Wicked, sarcastic, who is snubbed by those in a rude form - "black humor", "black comedy". |
I know, the list is incomplete. In addition, before the change of words with subordinate meanings, it is possible to introduce the primer, who can describe the color, smells and / or tastes: orange, raspberry, lemon, plum and so far.
Attach some meaningful disliv
Words-dії can be more than one meaning:
| word | direct value | Transfer value |
| sit | Sit on the style, in the crystal, on the horse. | To sit on a train (not in a direct sense of a trip to a train, but in a portable way - take a ride in a new place). |
| Go in / go out | You can go from the trip, go to the consumer goods, go to the store. | "Enter / deity". |
| beaty | Start blows. | "Dzherelo with a fountain", "life with a key". |
| pay | Razdіlyat on shmatki for an additional knife or something else. | Viklikati is not vidchuttya - "light rіzhe eyes", "sound rіzhe hearing". |
Most often, words with subordinate meanings - the whole word spokonvichno Russian. In suspicious terms, the meanings, as a rule, are the same.
Evidence from omonimiv
It is even more important to delineate words with subordinate meanings from homonyms: common words, which are written the same way. Have rich meaningful wordsє direct, basic meaning, і transference from being familiar. The omonim have all the meanings of self. "Handle" (door) and "handle" (drukarska) - the whole thing, so there is no sound between them. And the axis of the word "companion" is more meaningful - heavenly They called it a "companion", which is how it collapses around the planet, like a companion-lyudinі.