Babylon and Assyria Religion of the ancient Sumerians Order of Egypt, Batkivshchyna one found civilization it became the downstream of two great rivers - the Tigris and Euphrates. Tsiu region was called Mezhirichchia (in Greek Mesopotamia), or Dvorichchia. Mind the historical development of people

The Assyrian state is to be immersed in the first empire in the history of the people. The state, de-prosvitav the cult of zhorstokosti, carried the rock until 605 BC. For the time being, they did not suffer from the mutual power of Babylon and Media.

the people of Ashura

At the 2nd millennium BC the klimat on the Arabian pyostrovi has gone to waste. It took the aboriginals to leave the contemplated territory and go to jokes " short life". Among them there are boules і assіrіytsі. In the new Batkivshchyna, the stench vibrated the valley of the Tigris rivulets and fell asleep on the birch tree in the city of Ashur.

I want a place for the place bulo vibrantly grateful, however, the appearance of more maynіkh susіdіv (Sumerians, Akkadians and others) could not fail to be seen on the life of the Assіrіans. Їm brought it up, but twist everything, see it. Merchants became the key role in the young state.

Ale, the political independence came piznish. With a handful of Ashur, having taken control of Akkad, then Hurray, having snatched the king of Babylon Hammurabi, and when he was spotted in the wilderness from Mitani.

From the lord of Mitanni, Ashur knew about a hundred rockies. Ale for Tsar Shalmaneser I was given a change of power. The result is the humiliation of Mitani. And the territory, apparently, went to Assyria.

Tiglatpalasar I (1115 - 1076 rr. BC) zoom to bring the state to the new rivn. All susidi began to rakhuvatisya with him. It was building, that the "dawn hour" is near. Ale in 1076 rotsi BC the tsar died. The first half of the applicants for the throne did not know the great offender. Tsim speeding up the nomadic Arameans, who created a few beggars for the Assyrian Visitors. The territory of the state has quickly passed - for the last time the land was swallowed up. Assyria lost a lot of peace of mind in the kintsev bag, and the land itself fell into a big crisis.

New assirіyskіy state

More than two hundred rockivs were known to Assyria, so that you can expect a blow. Leave for the king Tiglapalasare III, who ruled from 745 to 727 BC. the last day of the power. In front of the ruler rose up from the Urartian kingdom, zooming in on the great places and fortunes of the enemy. Then the boules in the distance hike to Finikia, Syria, Palestine. The triumph of Tiglapalasar III was the convergence to the Babylonian throne.

Vіyskovy success of the tsar without the need for dressing with the reforms carried out. So, having reorganized the army, the yak was previously stocked with landowners. Now soldiers were being recruited in her, who didn’t have their own dilyanka, but all the vitrati according to material security took over the state. On the day, Tiglapalasar III became the first king, in which the regular army was ordered. Krym, a great role in the success was played by the zasosuvannya of metal zabroi.

The offensive ruler Sargon II (721 -705 BC) Bula is destined for the role of a great conqueror. Mayzhe whole hour of his rule of guilt during the campaigns, coming to new lands, as well as bringing insurrection. Ale nibilsh is significant Sargon's overthrow - tse residual devastation of the Urartian kingdom.

Vzagal, the tsia power for the last hour, was the main enemy of Assyria. The Urartian tsars were afraid of ale the fight against the middle. That stench was so badly fed up to the insurrection by those people, fallen from the land of Ashur. The Assyrians didn’t want to help the Assyrians, but they didn’t want to. The Urartian tsar Rusa I, conceived of the beggarly strikes of the kochivniks and such a gift, Sargon did not miss the pace.

The fall of the god Chaldea

At 714 rotsi BC it was not easy for him to leave the country and destroy the coal of the land, but to cross the mountains was not easy. Until then, Rusa, I think, is the gateway straight to Tushpa (the capital of Urartu), becoming a newcomer. I Sargon virishiv is not risikuvati. The substitution of the capital city of wine is to the regional center of Urartu - Misto Musasir. Not having found such a Rus, there were some remnants of glory in the fact that the Assyrians would not dare to desecrate the sanctuary of the God of Chaldea. Aje yogo shanuvali in the private part of Assyria. Rusa had so much enthusiasm in tsomu, so navіt grabbed the treasury from Musasіrі.

Bag of sums. Sargon seized the place and his belongings, and the statue of Chaldea led him to his capital. Rus could not survive such a blow and put his hands on himself. The cult of the Chaldeans in the land was greatly abducted, and the state itself was on the edge of the bend and did not represent any more contamination for Assyria.

the end of the empire

Assirіyska іmperіya grew. Ale politics, yaku carried out the tsars of the flooded peoples, led to the last riots. Ruinuvannya misst, blame for the population, horstoki kari of tsars of fallen peoples - all hated the Assyrians. For example, the sin of Sargon Sinachherrib (705-681 BC), when the rebellion was suppressed in Babylon, was a part of the population of the strativ, and the reshtu was deported. The place itself has been sprinkled in the bay with the waters of Euphrates. It’s not true that it’s a bitter vchinka, and the Babylonians and the Assyrians are the spores of the people. Moreover, the first people respected each other with their younger brothers. Well, maybe, and played a singing role. Sinakhkherrib virishiv is embarrassed by the proud "born".

Assarhaddon, who came to the power of Sinachherrib, Babylon revisited, but the situation was stricken with skin rock. And to bring a new splash of the greatness of Assyria under Ashurbanipal (668-631 BC) was not a moment of imminent collapse. After the death of the land, the land got bogged down in the endless stuff, now Babylon and Media were speeding up, having enlisted the help of Scythians, as well as Arab princes.

At 614 rotsi BC Medians zruynuvali ancient Ashur - the heart of Assyria. The Babylonians in the seized place did not take part, for the official version - they forgot. For the sake of it, I simply didn’t want to share the fate of the sacred saints of the native people.

Two times later, the capital fell - Ninevia. And in 605 rotsi BC. in the battle at Karkemish, Tsarevich Nebuchadnezzar (for being famous for his hanging gardens) finished off the Assyrians. The empire faded, without even drowning out the people, which took its self-identity until the next day.

Tsirkummesopotamsk civilization

Today we will talk about civilization, which hunted significant geographic space and, mabut, one of the most stringent in linguistic communication. I am keen on the beautifully naming of the Tsirkummesopotamian, like "Circum" - "Navkolo"

More vuzko can see the primary basis of the whole group - tse Sumeri, like, vlasne, and put the Persha in Mezhirichi civilization, tobto the system, like Volodya in all these signs of civilization they spoke about. The tse of the place, the power, to finish the hobby of the nominal type, Imaginative mystery- Especially importantly, the twisted architectural tradition is very important - and the phonetic writing is extremely important. Not just pictograms, but a system of signs, which depicts the phonetic sound of a word, a warehouse, a concrete element of Movi.

All signs of miracles among the Sumerians. Before the Sumerians, in the whole region, there was a lack of culture - Ubeid, Samara - ale the stench did not come to that level that the Sumerians could reach.

It’s been a long time to sharpen a super-talk about those who have become the first to come up with phonetic writing on the Ancient Descent, Sumeri or Egyptians. For us, at a given moment, the moment is not relevant, it is important, we can talk about two alternatives, two autonomous, meaningly isolated one from one territory, in which there may be a territory. To navi as if infused, mozhlno, drowsy, the stench did not signify the nature of the cich writing systems. It is not possible to say that the Sumerian inflow was the origin of the character of the Egyptian hieroglyphics, and it is just so unwise to say that the Egyptian hieroglyphics have infiltrated the Sumerian writing system. Tse boules are absolutely independent models, life and style in the historical hour.

Sumerian writing is an even more important element, the fragments of literary culture, not only in Mesopotamia, but in the adjacent territory, were formed near the other Sumerian cuneiform writing. Not all at once the Sumerian lettering took the form of cuneiform. A collection of hieroglyphics, an ideographic sheet, like stepwise evolvement in the alphabet, more precisely in the writing, is small overnight storage and ideographic meaning. Tobto is a leather element of writing in the cuneiform of the Sumerians and means either as the root meaning of the word, or a warehouse. I, having sniffed the picture of the Sumerian culture even shortly, did not seem to mind the details, we can now say that the Sumerian progress was step-by-step translated to the new people.

In Persha Cherga potrіbno skazati about SEMІTІV pіvnіchnіy Mesopotamії - the Akkadians, SSMSC pereynyali bagato in chomu not tіlki system vіruvan drevnіh shumerіv abo, skazhіmo so pereymenuvali, pereіnakshili his relіgіynu system vіdpovіdno to shumerskoї, ale i spriynyali od shumerіv cuneiform tobto fіksatsії Informácie system information transmission system.

The first axis is the moment of supreme importance in order to ensure that they could have significant international civilizations. The axis of reception in the early stage of the Sumerian writing, zokrem, Akkadians, allows us to talk about the Akkadians being sent into the orbit of civilization, the core of the Bully of the Sumerians.

This is also another important moment in our theory. On the right, in that, Akkadians in the middle of all seven can be respected by the first spirituality, as they went to the civilization stage, to the first, that they reached the stage of civilization, who know the world, power, speaking, writing, writing The other seven, who didn’t know the power of the textual religion, went to the orbit of this civilization, to which there were accadts.

Such a rank, we can say, is the Canaanite population of the Levant, and the seven people of the ancient Western Arabia in that world, which lived before the life of the civilization. And in the last year, if the Aravians crossed the channel and began to populate the first time in Africa, then the civilization there took away its expansion.

Krim Seven, in the orbit of this civilization of the Buli Zalucheni Elamiti. Vlasne, the similarity of the Elamites, the linguistic identity of the Elamites, as well as the linguistic identity of the Sumerians, becomes a mystery until now. I have no sound theories about those, the sounds came from the Sumerians and the stars came from the elamites, like they smacked the smell, on the move of some groups, but on this day we can still talk about those who are trying to get two. It is important to bring the controversy of the Shumer or Elam mov to be-kind movs.

Elamity has taken over the architecture of the Sumerian culture. And, in addition, at the moment the stench was switched over to the Sumerian cuneiform. Until now, among the Elamites, or, more precisely, protoelamites, to this, even nowadays, the proto-Elamic writing has not been deciphered, it was a letter, which would be a mystery to the historians. I cannot sing the words, but the proto-Lamian writing conveyed the language of the Elamites. You can let it go, but it’s just like that, but it hasn’t been deciphered. So the axis, proto-lamented its іgroglyphіchnuyu writing, altogether the stench switched to cuneiform, based on the same logographic and phonetic principles, on which the Sumerian cuneiform would be. With such a rank, we can say, I know, well, elamiti can also be enjoyed before the orbital of the civilization.

And by the end of the year, a number of other peoples will be drawn into the orbit of the civilization cycle, as they are growing on the same move. Tse hurriti, urarti і khetti. Hurriti and Urarti spoke on the movs of the Hurrito-Urartu group, you can probably talk about the dispute with the modern Vainakhs, shirshe - the Nakh-Dagestan ones.

The first Hittites, like the Bully for my own Indo-Europeans, occupied the central part of Little Asia. The Hurrites thought of the literature and writing among the Akkadians, the Hurritians think of the literature and the writing of the Hurritians, which is why the Hurritians, for such a rank, I can say the same line, I can paint a picture of the same senseless self-talk, the origin of all cultures, of all cultures , the core of which is Buli Sumeri.

Otzhe, the Sumerian culture of the Bula was taken in Pivnichniy Mesopotamia by the Semites. At that hour, the whole population spoke Akadskiy language. Proceedingly, the Akkadians assimilated the Sumerians, and the Sumerians came to the historical stage approximately at the boundaries of the III-II yew. BC e. I want Shumerska mova prodovzhuvav vivchatisya, win zberigavsya yak mova book knowledge literally to the cordon ep. "I am in the academic world of Sumeria // disappeared like swamp fires // stench just once smiled // ale mi came and de now stench".

Shumerska - akkadsky - arameyska

A linguistic plan needs to mean one detail. Approximately one hour the New Assyrian period of the Assyrian period passed from Akkadian movi to Aramaic. Aramei, abo, as it is called, the Chaldeans are the whole tribes of the Pivnichnoy Arabia, which in turn moved to the territory of Mezhirichchia, to the territory of Mesopotamia, inhabiting it. Aramaic Mova has renounced the function of the lingua franca, movi international spilkuvannya, to finish early. First of all, the people who didn’t speak at all, especially the native Arameans in the linguistic plan of the people, the Zokrem Akkadtsi or the ancient Jews, step by step switched to Aramean Mova. I, for example, are the records of the Assyriyts - not even shvidshe Aramaic mova with a touch of Akkadian infusion. I would say so.

By the end of the Assyria, about how we will talk in the coming lectures, the New Babylonian kingdom has become the decline of Assyria, less crooked, a little more, as it can be so visually appealing, more functional. The New Babylonian kingdom may function in the same Aramaic mova yak sovereign. And the most assassins in what sense have gone through the sides of history, but the axis of the Aramaic has been lost, as it is unfortunate to attribute only those, the odd smells from the very cob did not bully with their noses. For example, fortunate aysori, albeit Assyrian Christians, since good times in Russia, can be respected in the linguistic plan with the noses of the old Aramaic movement, altogether more superbly in the number of days before

Dovge life of the Sumerian gods

It is necessary to say that in the religious plan the Akkadians possessed the images of the Sumerian gods - the famous Ishtar, who moved from the Sumerian pantheon to the Babylonian-Assyrian, to the Akkadian. The priesthood system, by all appearances, was adopted in Sumeria, and the system of priestly knowledge, as the Babylonians took from the Sumerians, were taken in Seven Mesopotamia to reach the last hour. First Sumerian priestly texts, by all appearances, were victorious in all spheres of life - in astronomy, in medicine, and in political theory, and in the first place in the forms of worship. At the same time, we can talk about the translation of the images of the Sumerian gods from all over the middle of the Semitic light. For example, the image of Astarti-Ashtoret, yak vinikє is still among the old seven. In the first place, we can speak as once about a religious continuum, we will cob it with a bunch of like Buv Sumer.

I will be atrocious again and again at the same time I respect: it is important for non-textual religions to navigate not the style of the spirit of the gods, but the system of offensiveness in the other spheres. Gods can be called in a simple way in this kind of system, gods can be mothers more ethnically, and the old relevance is seriously rooted in ethnic spirituality. If you want, you can, to find that kind of ethnical spirit, which can be retrospectively wondered, you can not grasp it for yourself.

On the other hand, by all appearances, they didn’t grasp the quality of their skills. You can let the stench refer to their country as it was known to foreign lands with such a term as “kalam”, ale the Sumerians as a common ethnical sportsmanship, in the middle of the known, in the middle of the common, unidentified. The first axis, both sposterіgaєmo such systems, is equally or linguistically, we can say that with more important elements, lower relevance, lower relevance ...

Evidently, the relevance of stylistics is also manifested in cultures, and the images of the Sumerian gods have grown wider in the Seven midst. It is a little more important here because of the early civilization signs, which at the same time become markers of the same civilization. For example, since it’s my bachimo, it’s a little bit of Akkadi, I’m using the Sumerian writing, then it’s the writing itself that’s for them and I’m getting to know the progress of civilization, and the usefulness of a marker, as much as possible.

"Asirіysky svit" or "Assіrії vіyna"?

The Axis, vlasne, Akkadtsi, assimilating the Sumerians, took the culture back from them and set the state for the first time, which was gagging all Mesopotamia under Sargon of Akkadsky. If we are surprised at the axis of the early education of the Akkadians, then, by the way, it is, in general, instability and a sharp drop. The first power is able to act, as it becomes in the main rational words of the first empire, as a claim to the regional meaning, to the regional level - the price of Assyria.

The name itself - Assyria - resembles the central, primordial place of the community of the land - Ashur. Ashur is located on the territory of the frontier, cordon of Akkadians and Hurritians. You can’t be absolutely in the right place, but Ashur himself will be able to learn akkadts. All in all, there was a little Hurrian settlement there, like a little bit of a Hurrian settlement. Until the last third of the XIV century. Ashur, in general, has never seen the middle of the second half of the city's cultural centers in terms of political activity and culture. Tse buv to reach the crossroads, and only the fall of the Hurrian-Arian state, Mitanni showed him the road to the expansion, to the power of his might. The first splash of the whole power of strength is to obey the king Ashur-uballit, who ruled in the middle of the XIV century. and who first became the king of the land of Ashur, the king of the land of Assyria.

An important moment when Assyria was able to overcome it fell on one of the third slump, Adad-Nirari, which practically conquered the entire territory of the state of Mitanni and fought against Babylon. I, nareshti, during the reign of Shalmaneser I, still approximately half - the middle of the XIII century. BC That is, there are some damages in the Assyrian policy. The fortunes will be repaired, the fight of Mittan is completed, and under Salmaneser, for the first time, there is evidence of the overwhelming horror of the Assyrians. The same king is attributed to the dazzling of 14,400 full-time Mitannians who were drowned in one of the campaigns.

Tsikavo, which was the first to come to an end of Assyria - this is the period of political silence. Another period of the Assyrian activity of the attack on the tsar of Tiglatpalasar I was the ruble of the XII-XI century. BC That is, the offenders were not able to continue their policy, but for a new period of silence, calm, as it is possible to say so, in the Assyrian expansion. In the end of the X century. BC That is, to see a new one, third to the power of Assyria under the kings Ashurnatsirapal and Shalmaneser III, who tried to lead an offensive in all directions. It was the same for the first time in the first order in the main sense of Babylon, the state of Syria and Fіnіkіya. For the hour of the rule of Salmaneser III, there is also a testimony about the overworldly cruelty of the Assyrian tsars, who punish the mischievous battles and create piracy from the flooded in full of people. Well, і, nareshty, the third period - even the New Assyrian period, the rule of King Tiglatpalasar III.

Osobliviy shlyakh: propaganda of zhorstokosti and sweeping conquest

Assyria is a great power in all senses. A lot of stench was spoken in the dialect of Akkadian mov and boule in the cultural plan, it is not seen from the Babylonians, not the Akkadians, you can say so. The first hour of Ashur is the center of the Assyrian statehood - none of the middle of the Old Mesopotamian centers has been seen, yet, in the 1300s, there was no reason for it.

Assirіyska statehood vzagalі animals on myself I respect for the sake of the reasons. Tse, in Perche, the zagalnov_doma zhorstok_st of the Assyrian conquests. In the history of the lifeless witnesses, who have deprived the Assyrians themselves, boasting of their Zagarbnitsky potential.

I, in a different way, conquer the scale. At the height of their power, in the VII century, the Assyriytsi were able to navigate Egypt for a short hour. In such a rank, the volodinia of the whole power hunted colossal territories from the delta of Nil to the mountains of the Western Iran, apparently at the convergence and entry, and from the mountains of Urartu (Ararat mountains) before

Asirіyskі vladyki have deprived on their own to finish the sinister memory in the numerical fixed letters of the letter, in which stench they exalt themselves. For a long time ago, there could be a natural ruler, a little bit of self-sacrifice, which would reach Assyria, mabut, nowhere more on Descend, so on the Entry, not to be seen. The axis, say, is the magnification of Ashshurnatsіrapal II (self-aggrandizement): “I took the place, interrupted the lifeless warriors, having buried everything that could be bought, having cut the heads of the combatants, sklav to the land of the people who lived through the goals, alive kilki near the place of uni and divchat they burned in the openings. " The axis is also more mile to describe the mighty greatness and the mighty power, having deprived us of the king of Assyria.

Not less hostile is the self-aggrandizement of the king Assarhaddon: “Assarhaddon, the great king, the king is capable, the king is all-powerful, the king, I can, I am omnipotent, I am a hero, I am all-important, I am terrible, I am chaotic, I am a miracle, I do not know the king , I can be a king in battle and in battle, as I have beaten my enemies, who have made the restless ones, ordering all the people ”. The axis is so rich in self-identification and description of punitive shares of the Assyrian Vladik.

However, the Assyriya Statehood is transformed into one great specialty. There are a lot of zigzags in the fall and fall, in which you appear to be unstable. So the Assyrians did not want to set up a model of style and stable functionality. A lot of why, through the Assyrians, and who brought them new and new on the same, when they won, they won the territory, so that Pax assirica was brought up. But then, they would not be called Pax assirica, but as an innakhe, because once they could not establish a Holy Assistant in the conquered territories, they could not.

The peculiarity of the Assyrian state, meaning Oppenheim, which, having said, I quote: "The state of affairs is quick to see its strength and to make its own work in respect of the setting and typical Assyrian structural instability, which is divine

I terror assists, absolutely seeing them from the old conquering systems of the past, as if I had a lot of problems with the axis of shortage before the formation of stable exploitation of flooded territories. Terror, serving as a form of blatant and ordering on the order of the territory, and immediately meant that the territory was ordered not to look like a part of the wide domain of the Assyrian state. So in which sense it is possible to say that the Assyrians could not expand the sovereign territory of their state, and the main reason for this aggression was the robbery of the new territories. It’s not an incorporation into an already existing imperial model, but it’s such a way of exploiting these territories, a contributory way of bringing in material benefits. I, apparently, from the tsim is tied to the assignment of the Assyrians to the population of the Muscovy. Mistsevo population was not seen as a productive resource. More often than not, literally without exception, people were blamed, and in this case, the inferiority of the Assyrian empire can be recognized.

Later, under Tiglatpalasar III, they tried to move to more important forms of the sovereign. Todi the Assyrians are actively introduced into the arsenal of zeal, they practice more systemic relocation of the population, as they are not supervised by such massive blame. Ale, protest, and the whole period of the New Assistant history may appear even more unstable, and the Assyrian period may appear neat and overwhelmed by the buried land. The fall of Egypt, the fall of the disputes of Babylon, and the Assyria of power in the history of the guinness of the blows of the Babylonians and the Iranian peoples.

Chotiri pidyomu and zapiznila turbo about light

We can say that for the period from XV to VII century. BC e. Assyria knew the decline of her power. It is possible to identify an approximate ear of the ear of cich pidyom: the price of the ruble of the XIV-XIII century, Kinets of the XII century, The ear of the IX century. і the middle of the VIII century. BC e.

Apparently, the most necessary, by the very turn of the rule of the Tiglatpalasar, with which they have introduced the reform of the Assyrian state in our own effort. Even with the new win, the axis of the model of the Assyrian army, in which, by all appearances, does not just serve as a community, but a professional war, a healthy zeal. At that moment, the tse Bula itself was the most advanced, the closest army of Blizky Shodu.

Another point is the whole of the conquered territories in the provinces, in which the Assyrian ministers are put up, so that they can stand by the tsar, so as to try to reach such a centralization.

The third point is the great systemicity in the resettlement of the population, in the resettlement of the population in such a rank, that the state calls in the middle of the Assyrian state were taken over, adopted, and the population, as it is possible to say so for

I, mabut, can be said about the deyake of lowering during the rise of Assyrian tsars of the New Assyrian period, the axis of the whole pathos of war. Warmly, to find the style of not war, some bloodthirstiness, I wish the Novoassiriysk tsars - Sinahkherib, Esarhaddon - to see all the criminals until the quiet of those carams, the Assyrian bully opponents.

The first hundredth power of Assyria is accessible for the king Ashurbalite I. The middle of the XIV century, the first is connected with the weakening of the earthly Mitannian state, the Hurrito-Arian, that is, by all appearances, the rules of the day Bulo Hurrian. First mova is official, mova literary has become Hurrian in the whole state. The whole Metaculture power, I know, for the same reasons, for the very reason to lay down the metaculture itself, before which there were Assyrians, and in the conflict with the Susids, Khets and Assyrians, and the Guineas. First of all, the first step of Assyria is to be respected.

Until the XIV Art. The history of the king of the Assyria with the Egyptian pharaoh-reformer Ehnaton, the king of the Assyria, is known as a brother of the Egyptian king. So we can talk about those that Assyria would still enter the arena as a contender for equality with the provincial powers of that period - Babylon, the Hittites, Egypt and Elam. However, the tsey first pidyom buv was slow, with a recession. Bullet with a new pidyomu in the XII century. The first axis of the cycle of the fall and fall brought Assyria to a new era in the IX century. The famous relational Assyrian tsars, who speak about their zhorstokosti in relation to the conquered lands, are respected from the very moment.

Axis tsei period IX Art. I’m not so bad in the plan of aggression, I want і Velmi crooked. I, nareshty, stopped, the very twists and turns of the fall on the VIII century, On the ear of the tsar Tiglatpalasar III, from which to repent, vlasne, the period of the New Assyrian statehood.

Imperia and zalizo

Imperia, at my glance, is a phenomenon that can emerge viciously in the era of zaliza, appear zaliznogo zbroi. Before that, like it’s good to go, before it’s good to go in by the end of the night, talk about the victory of stable empires is uncomfortable. Tobto quietly assertion, as they mentally designated as empire.

For the first time, it is possible to appear in Western Asia among the Khetians, Mabut, and the people with them are suspected approximately in the XIV century. BC e. For an hour, the Hittites have already developed the industry of zaliza. At the time of the whole Hittite, they were magical to preserve the secrets of the virus, they guarded their tips from the eyes. Ale, so chi іnakshe, take in the secrets of the technology, the whole hour is important, and the stinks in deeds widened behind the border of the Khet’s light.

One of the important elements, as they took a wider range of greenery and the technology of great virobnastics, is the name of the catastrophe of the bronze capital, since the state of the Hettish state has been wicked by the so-called "peoples of the sea", as they came from Sunset. Todi f іddavsya іtatsі і Egypt. At the same time, there is an intensive exchange of knowledge between different types of spirits. The first step, by all appearances, is a great opportunity for the industry to penetrate into the regions inhabited by the Semites.

To achieve the lasting spirit of bronze gold, and to look for the king Tiglatpalasare, who ruled at the borders of II-I yew. BC That is, it was dominated by the bronze zbroe. Ale vzhe on the cob IX Art. n. that is, for the king of Tukulti-Ninurta II, we will grow wider in the Assyrian army, we will appear on the defenses of all warriors, and for the benefit of the great prosperity, we may not only be able to pave the way for the war. scho to bring the records of the king.

I, nareshty, new, stayed, in the given vydbuvayetsya still in the New Assyrian period. About those who have the Assyrian Bulo zalizo, it is not only letters of Dzherel that can be testified, but archaeological data. Assirіyske zalіzo appeared in Egypt in the VII-VI centuries. - by all appearances, at the end of an hour the fall of the waist in Egypt to reach a wide number. I want to get involved in rare metal in Egypt, and the introduction of zaliza in Egypt into a life in the most sensible is a subject of dispute.

Let's turn to Assyria. Under Shalmaneser III - the middle of the IX century. BC That is, it is very easy to get near the viglyadi of the vіyskovoі zdobichі and the danі from the districts, which lie down to the Upper Euphrates. And for the first time, we can carry out the emergence of the crystals, so that the blanks for the production of the greenery. So Assyria didn’t just build up their own arsenals, but they could use their own kind of arsenals, as they could be victorious for the revitalization of the army. The army did not know any interruptions in the unhealthy zest. Tse is very important for that hour. I want a part of the elements of the environment, for example, sholomi and shields, have become bronze. Zalizo was part of the army's life of deeds. Ale tse was in the general sense of the word revolutionary rivok at the vіyskovіy right, which overpowered Assyria with the majestic passes.

Asiriyskiy archiv and vidguky susidiv

Assyria tsikava tim, scho won the great archiv. The Assyrian tsars carried out the official documentation and internal processes, and, as a matter of fact, they won the victory. Moreover, the majesty of respect was drawn to the victorious conquests. And the letters of the Assyrian tsars may not only be internal, administratively meaningful - the stench may, obviously, mean propaganda.

As a matter of fact, since we are talking about the dzherela from the history of the Ancient Descent, then for the given period the Assyrian archives appear to be the most informative. All the people of Assyria, who know about her, have been overwhelmed with less tribute about her. So that we can, in a savage way, know the clues about Assyria in Bibliya, but here it is necessary to be able to, but bibliyny witnesses are often called Assyriya, by all appearances, even the most recent Kingdom of Babel.

The First Assyrian was the head thief for the Pivnichny Izrailian kingdom, which is both worthy and worthy. But for the Judaist, it’s still such an obvious peripheral threshold, which I would like to see if it’s just a waste of time, I don’t think it’s a real power. To that, we can talk about the nature of the interaction of the Jews and Assyria at the presentation of the biblian dues even more carefully, depending on the reason why they say Assyrian dzherela.

Ale exactly the same, for example, Egyptian dzherela velmi sparingly, in part with the Assyrian, vis-à-vis the asirian expansiveness. We wouldn’t be able to use the Egyptian dzherels to bring up the picture in favor of Assyria and Egypt. I, nareshty, Elamska records. Elam became one of the victims of the Assyrian aggression. Ale і Elamska archivi, who went to us, to reach us with a sparse stream and tell us about the history of Assyria. In the kintsevo rakhunka, one can say that the Assyrian people are the people, who can tell themselves about themselves, who are waving to themselves. But at the same time, it is impossible to say how the dawn of these peoples was spontaneous to the tsi of the Assyrians.

Unprovoked aggression yak mystery of Ashur

Here it will be necessary to turn to our ideas about those who are the axis of the structure, which is cleverly called empire, which can be considered as a result of the call to civilization. As soon as we are on the map of the Near Descent, by the way, Assyria, for the most part, has passed all the middle of the civilization cycle and, most importantly, active contacts from the call of the light are not small. Let's take a vinyat, Mabut, maybe the Iranian tribes who lived in the era of Assyria could be involved. But the problem is that the tribes were still at the early stage of development and for the Assyrians they did not show a serious contamination either in the Vyskiy or in the civilization plans.

In such a rank, if we will be looking at the idea of ​​the victory of the empire as a result of the decision on the wiklik from the side of the known aggressor according to the date before civilization, then, moreover, for that purpose, it is just that the Assistant itself is just for the sake of reference. ... Apparently, the state of Assyria can be called not imperial, but quasi-imperial in the whole sense. The whole state, as it was volodya by the potential of aggression, but not by the potential of the systemic exploitation of the territory. And the axis of development is to systemic exploitation, to preliminarily reduce the loss of resources - territorial, human and inhuman ones - which is one sign of imperial structure.

The verdict of a mighty and terrible, risky story, of the state, the very first and the axis of the sleepy life, will require an explanation. Ale, I’ll say honestly, I don’t have a vivid explanation in this vipadkuє. For me it is worth becoming a great mystery. The very contrast of Assyria with the powerful powers of that period, and the Bagatov period - with Egypt, the Khets, and Babylon is obvious. The whole power, madly, looks at all the sensations in the direction of what it was.

But at the same time, explain the axis of the impulse, I will need it in expanded, the price of aggression in the framework of this theory, as I proponent, but I myself was led to the call of aggression, unhappily, Oskilki such a call There were no reasons for such a reaction. Ale, as it can be seen, it is possible to say that in civilization - well, it’s an absolute myth, I ask you not to evaluate it strictly ... The first impulse demanding a sovereign design. The First Assyria in this category played the role of a contender for the whole "master of the design" and civilization, and the expansive avant-garde.

Those who didn’t play the role of Assyria, as if it could be explained completely, ale those who didn’t try to play the role of their own, vimag, slyly, new thoughts, and I have left nothing, I’m telling a tale in this I can't.

Oleksiy Tsvєtkov. I pic in akadskiy misti. The author's punctuation is saved, so that the visibility of such a thing - Approx. ed.

literature

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2. Harutyunyan N.V. Bіainіli - Urartu. Vis'kovo-political history and nutrition of toponymy. SPb., 2006.
3. Bondar S.V. Assyria. Misto and lyudin (Ashur III-I yew. BC. E.). M., 2008.
4. Gerni O.R. Hetty / Per. from English N.M. Lozinsky and N.A. Tolstoy. M., 1987.
5. Giorgadze G.G. Vyrobnitstvo and zasosuvannya zaliza in Central Anatolii for the data of the Het cuneiform texts // Old school: ethnocultural links. M., 1988.
6. Dyakonov I.M. Elamsk kingdom in the Old Babylonian period // History of the Old-time Descent. The birth of found class partnerships and the first mid-course of civilization. Part I: Mesopotamia. M., 1983.
7. Dyakonov I.M., Starostin S.A. Hurrian-Urartian and East Caucasian Movies // Old School: Ethnocultural Links. M., 1988.
8. Єmelyanov V.V. Ancient Sumer. Narisi culture. SPb., 2001 ..
9. Ivanov V.V. Hittite and Hurrian literature. History of the All-Holy Literature. T. 1.M., 1983.
10. A.A. Koval'ov Mesopotamia to Sargon of Akkadian. Found steps in history. , 2002.
11. Kramer S. Shumeri. The first civilization on earth. , 2002.
12. Lessee J. Pidkoruvachi people / Per. from English A.B. David's. M., 2012.
13. Lloyd S. Archeology of Mesopotamia. From the old-fashioned century to the Persian conquest / Per. from English I.S. Klochkov. M., 1984.
14. McQueen J.G. Hetty і їх partners in Maliy Asia / Per. from English F.L. Mendelssohn. M., 1983.
15. Oppenheim A. Long time Mesopotamia. Portrait of a folded civilization / Per. from English M. N. Botvinnik. M., 1990.
16. View a cob of soils. Anthology of the Sumerian Poetry. Entry. Art., trans., commentary, vocabulary of V.K. Afanas'voi. SPb., 1997 ..
17. Sadaev D.Ch. History of the ancient Assyria. M., 1979.
18. Khintz V. Derzhava Elam / per. s nim. L. L. Shokhin; vidp. ed. і auth. after Yu. B. Yusifov. M., 1977. Reader from the history of an ancient descent. 2 vols. M., 1980.

Assyria is one of the first empires in society, civilization, which originated in the territory of Mesopotamia. Assyria has taken its ear from the XXIV century and two thousand years.

Assyria long ago

Assyria was one of the strongest empires in the 1st yew. BC That is, її rozkvіt і golden wіk falls on the whole period. Until one o'clock, we will forgive the power at pivnichi

Mezhirichya, as he was engaged in the main trade, the fragments of the roasting were carried on the important trade routes.

Assyria was also attacked by kochivniks, for example, the Arameans, which led to the fall of the state in the XI century BC. e.

All history should be cleverly divided into three periods:

• Staroassirіyskiy;
• medium-sized;
• Novoassirіyskiy.

In the rest, Assyria is old in the light of the empire. At the VIII century, the golden age of empire will be repaired, so that king Tiglatpalasar III will rule. Assyria to destroy the state of Urartu. In the end of the 8th century, I won the priesthood of Israel, in the 7th century I was flooded with Egypt. If the king was stavati Ashurbanapal, Assyria was ordered to Midiya, Fivi, Lidiya.
After the death of Ashurbanipal, Assyria could not stand up to the onslaught of Babylon and Media, the end of the empire came.

The ancient Assyria is located at once

The infection of Assyria as a state is not insignificant, in the XXI century on the territory of the great empire of the country: Irak, Iran and Inshi. The people of the Semitic group live on the territory of the country: the Arabs, the Jews and the deyaki inshi. By the chilnaya religion on the territory of the Colonial Assyria є Islam. Naybіlshu territory to lay down Assyria, now borrowed Irak. Infection Іrak perebuvati on the boundaries of the community of war. In the territory of Iraku, the diaspora of quiet ancient Assyrians, who fell asleep in the light of the empire, Arabian p_vostriv(Mezhirichchya).

Yak viglyadaє territory of Assyria in participation

Infectious svit, for deyakim data, as not approved, inhabit close to the milion of the Assyrians. They have a dumb state of power, the stench inhabits Iran, Iraq, USA, Syria, small diaspora also in Russia and Ukraine. The most common language is Arabic and Turkish translations. And їkh ancient, іdnіy mova is known to be in between.
Today Assyria is not a power, but deprived of one million landmarks of the ancient Assyrians, which carry in itself a unique Asian culture and folklore.

• The history of Assyria, briefly described in the statute, is based on the conquest. There have been some longstanding powers that have played a significant role in the development of the history of Mesopotamia. The group of Assyria was a strong power - the empire of Assyria occupied a small territory, and in the context of all its history the center of the Bulo was Ashur. The inhabitants of Assyria mastered agriculture, cultivated grapes, which was naturally taken by the growing from the viglyadi planks or snigivs. Also, for their needs, the stench was smelled by wells, and, after being irrigated, they made a noise to put the little Tiger Sobi into service. In the larger arid rural regions of Assyria, they were often engaged in cattle-breeding, which took advantage of the abundance of green meadows on the mountain graves.

• The first period of names is Staroassirіyskіy. At that hour yak bilsha chastin common population Assyria was engaged in animal husbandry and farming, in the place of Ashur, through which the main trade routes passed, along which trade caravans passed from Little Asia and Seredzemnomor to Mesopotamia and Elam. All tse allowed

• Assyria, and pershu cherga, її ruler. At the cordon of 2 and 3 thousand years, Ashur is already starting to start his trade colonies, and after conquering the colonies of the second powers.
  The land of Assyria was a slave power, protest in the period of the generic mode, from which the suspension has already entered, all the more having its infusion. The tsar possessed a great number of lands and state gifts, but the priesthood had no less tidy up to his hands. Protest, the bulk of Volodya was a large part of the land in the state.

• At the 20th century BC The state of Mary might have developed into Euphrates, and the merchants from the land of Assyria lost a large part of the arrival, which was also accepted by the resettlement of the Amorites in Mesopotamia. As a result, the army of Assyria, which at that time developed progressive denominations, led the way to the end of the day. In the course of the cycle of life of Assyria, the ancient places of Mesopotamia and the state of Mary itself have become disdainful. This was not just a power, but also the kingdom of Assyria, which was one of the most powerful forces in the old-time Close Gathering.
  The rulers of the state, in the beginning of the century, learned that some great territories were smelled, so the state of Assyria was reorganized.

• The tsar has chastened the majestic uryadovy apparatus, having seized the power of the court in his hands and becoming the supreme head commander. The territory of the state was divided into khalsum, like the keruvalis were taken by the king. The population of the bulo stubs was not obliged to rally the tribute until the royal execution, and they were forced to pay tribute. The army began to recruit war-professionals, and in some vypadki vikoristov fought the militia. The Old Assyrian period ended in the West - the state of Khetiv, Egypt and Mitanni poured into Assyria in their markets.

• Far away from the Middle Assyrian period, in the course of the kingdom of Assyria, the new influx was introduced. In the 15th century, Assyria broke off an alliance with Egypt, as a result of which the Vlada of Babylon was kidnapped. Nezabarom king Ashur-uballit 1 placing his close ones on the Babylonian throne. Mitanni fell, after a hundred years Assyria sank Babylon, and sent successful expeditions to the Caucasus. However, there are frequent and uninterrupted blasts of the boules, in the 12th century BC. The empire of Assyria has weakened. Through the last few years, the situation of the trochas was corrected, protesting that the Arameans invaded Western Asia, having swallowed Assyria and settled in the territory, before, historically, there were reports about the period of up to 150 years in a very short time.

• The most recent development and the achievement of the empire of Assyria reached in the third period of its existence (the New Assyrian period), expanding its inflow from Egypt to Babylon and a part of Little Asia. However, new ones came to the change of old people - in the 6th century BC. on Assyria unsupportedly struck a blow to the Medes, aroused the union. Assyrian may have played into the hands of Babylon, which in 609 BC. having seized the rest of the territory, it was possible to belong to the Assyrian state, for which it left the world.

Culture

mystery

Crazy, one of the most opposed powers of the ancient Assyrian bully. I, at that hour, the Assyrian Vijska furrowed the vastness of the southern lands, arriving and craving for them, in the best great places The growing and growing art of Assyria. However, the turns of the yogo next shukati in the past few hours ...

place

Stretching through all the history of the Assyrian place, the first from all the boulevards of Ashur, it became the center of culture and trade activity of the whole region. Ashur became the capital of Assyria, and became the capital of Assyria, and lost it all the way to the collapse of the Assyria under the blows of the Babylonians. Misto Bulo is named in honor of the supreme deity of the Assyrian pantheon - Ashur. Nayimovirnishe, vin buv motivation in the old town ...

capital

The capital of Assyria stretching over a large part of the history of the city old empire passed in the place Ashur, also vidomy yak Assur. I myself have given the name of the whole state.

Assyria Map

The ancient empire of Assyria was built by one of the floodplains at Blizkiy Skhodі. The map of Assyria was constantly changing, as the tsars once carried out the conquest, and conquered new lands. Not without і without conquering from the side.

king of Assyria

In the minds of ancient Akkad and Egypt, the king (queen) of Assyria was not a god.

territory

The territory of Assyria for the whole hour, the last power was constantly changing, so as the Assyrian themselves constantly led the Zagarbnitsky wars, and so and so on several occasions there were raids.

rulers of Assyria

The list of the rulers of Assyria was NOT given a viral role in the state. At the early stages of the history of the city of Ashur, and established by the near-new empire, the king was deprived of the priest's dignitary, and when he was deprived of his family as food in the city, and at the hour of war, he was immediately enchanted.

viyni

In the early period, Assyria became a warrior power. It developed over the course of the active trade, and for the last hour it was spent on panuvannya of the first civilizations.

laws

The laws of Assyria, through all history, were transformed into a tendency to change and a superfluous zhorstokist.

gods

The inhabitants of Ancient Mesopotamia worshiped the same pantheon of gods, deprived of some of the old peoples, the names and strengths, which were defended by their deities. The gods of Assyria did not blame the rule.

army

The Army of Assyria was one of the most likely to come. Asirіyskі commanders bully I will become majstras, and in the battle the stench of vikoristov took away different types of tactics.

fall of Assyria

Assirіyska іmperіya, as it evolved a lot of the past thousand rockіv, in the end of the 6th century BC the boole is degraded.

Religiya

The religion of Assyria is closely linked with a religious cult, which was inspired by the peoples of Mesopotamia.

Geographical position of Assyria

Mistsevst udovzh rychok Euphrat and Tiger Bula super-friendly for the people living here.

Richka in Assyria

The head rychka in Assyria, as an important role in the development of the state, is called the Tiger.

conquest of Assyria

Assyria, stretching out a large part of its history, was occupied with the last conquests.

architecture

From the 11th to the 7th century BC Assyria became the greatest slave power in Western Asia.

writing

Historians have heard a lot about the writing of Assyria by many clay tablets, known in the ruins of ancient places.

reaching

Crazy, Assyria was one of the most powerful powers in the history of Old Mesopotamia. Її іstorіya triva mayzhe 1.5 yew. Rock, in the course of such a small nominal power, was transformed into an empire.

relєfi

In the 9th century BC the hour of the reign of King Ashurnasirpal II of Assyria reached the most in his history.