Scho trapilia from Boyar Morozov. Boyar Morozova is a legendary specialty. The history of the life of boyar Morozova. Boyar Morozova guides Avakum in prison
In the history of your power. Tsia zhinka became fearlessly and honestly, a true fighter for her principles and ideals. Bringing to the boyar is ambiguous, for some she's a fanatic, she's ready to die, abi don't see them from the mighty perekonans, those who won’t wake up have their own style and style. Yak bi was not there, ale tse - legendary specialty, and the founders of Surikov's paintings of memory about the history of Frost will not be one generation.
Campaign of Boyar Morozovo
Theodosia Prokopivna was born on 21 May 1632 in Moscow, the father of the father - Sokovnin Prokopiy Fyodorovich - became an okolnichy, having formed in the homeland with the first squad of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich, Marya Illivnoy. The maybutnya boyar was among the courtiers, supervised the queen. In 17 rockies Feodosia was defeated by Morozov Glib Ivanovich. Cholovik became a representative of a noble family, having formed in the homeland with the family of the Romanovs, before the Moscow mav rozkishnu sadib Zyuzin, falling as the uncle of the prince and serving as a king's sleeping bag. Brother Gliba, Boris Ivanovich, buv duzhe bagatiy. He died in 1662, but when he hadn't gotten his offspring, everything passed on to the closest relative.
Baggage і injected boyar
After the death of Glib Ivanovich the camp of both brothers will pass to the young Ivan Glibovich, the synovial Glib and Theodosia, and the actual manager of the wealth of the old mother. The history of the life of the boyar Morozova duzhe tsikava, for that, as a young woman, look at life. Theodosia Prokopivna took over the place of the upper boyar, Volodya was great in pouring, she was close to the king. There can be a lot of riches only after a while: the boyar girl is small, sadib, she settled in the village of Zyuzin, de-lashed her booths for a distant sight. At that hour, the tsela itself was rocked by the sadiba.
Boyar Morozova was ordered to live (!) Thousands of thousands of servants lived in this booth. Feodosia has a gorgeous carriage, adorned with silver and mosaic, she was often rocked by promenades, harnessed in her own fleet, and then twelve horses with grimy lancers. For an hour of travel, the boyar supervodzhuvali is close to 100 slaves and slaves, guarding them from all attacks. During those hours, Morozova was a little bit of a small people in Moscow.
Prihilnitsya Old Believers Viri
Boyar Morozova was a long-haired healer of an old virgin. Vona was well placed to the fools and holy fools, she gave him mercy. In addition, the Old Believers' henchmen often came to the booth, so they could pray for the old Russian canons with Zhynka, who was closely associated with Archpriest Avvakum, an apologist of the Old Believer, who did not take reforms.
Vona wore a hairy hair, with such a rank of "quiet the flesh." All the same, Avakum buv the displeasure of Morozovoy, calling out to her eyes, like Mastridia was breaking down, so that you should save yourself from the lovers' focus. Likewise, the archpriest dorikav the boyar in insignificant favors, and at the same time, she could have favored nagato more number needy. Besides, Theodosia, who hoped to be the old virgin, introduced the church to a new rite, but she had a bad feeling about the old people.
unheard of Morozovo
The tsar knew about the perekonannya of the upper boyar, and such behavior was absolutely not befitting of you. Feodosia is uniquely unique in church and holy visits, she didn’t see Oleksiy Mikhailovich’s presence at the party, saying that she was sick. The tsar made an effort to pour in on the skittish boyar, sending her relatives to her, but they reminded the woman and passed over to accept a new virgin, but everything was boisterous: Morozova stood her ground. Knowing little, they called the boyar Morozov to take the tonsure of the Old Believers. The woman secretly accepted yo and rejected the new im'ya - Theodore, having finished her ration, so that she would have lost the old virna.
Tsaritsa Marya Illivna, for a long time, was streaming the tsar's gniv, that high position of the boyar did not allow the axis to be punished so easily, but Oleksia Mikhailovich came to the end. In the evening of 16 leaf fall 1671 before Morozovo, Archimandrite Ioakim and Dyak Ilarion arrived. At the booth Bula and the boyar's sister Princess Urusova. In order to show their respectful presentation to the guests, Feodosia and Evdokiya were laid down in bed and lying down, they were prompted to eat quietly, who came. After finishing the meal, the women were eaten in a kaydani, having overwhelmed the food with home-made aresht. Two days later, Morozov was transported to Chudov, and then to the Pskov-Pechersky Monastery.
When the boyar got lost, Ediniy Sin Ivan died, the two brothers were sent, and everything went down to the tsar's execution. Morozov was reliably guarded, but all the same, she cut off from the sleeping people, they put on the clothes, the Archpriest Avvakum wrote the leaves, and one of the priest of the old virgin communed the unhappy woman.
punishment of the king
Boyar Morozova, Princess Urusova and Marya Danilova (squad of the Streltsky Colonel) in the end of 1674 was transferred to the Yamskiy Dvir. With torments on the dibi, women were re-contiguous to accept a new world and to see from their perekonan, ale ti buli unpokhitny. Oh, they already got to burn on bagatti, ale of such bluesness was set by the Tsar Iryna Mikhailivna, the sister of the Tsar and the patron of the boyars. Oleksiy Mikhaylovich ordered the sisters Єvdokiyu and Feodosiya to send them to the Pafnutevo-Borovskiy Monastery and imprison them in an earthling vyaznitsa.
the death of the boyar
At Chervna 1675, 14 servants of the boyar were in the bedrooms of the old boule, who were trying to adapt the old vera. On the 11th spring of 1675, Princess Urusova died of hunger, Morozova may have passed her death over to her shvidka. Just before her death, she asked the guards to viprati in a shirt to die in clean clothes. As a general rule, Feodosia died 2 leaves in 1675.
The theme of Surikov's painting
In 1887, on the 15th overseas show for the Tretyakov Gallery, for 25 thousand rubles, a robot of the genial artist Boyarina Morozova was bought for 25 thousand rubles. Surikov's painting є a canvas with a size of 304x587.5 cm, painted in oil. There are one of the greatest exhibits in the gallery on this year. painting
Nearby, I’ve screwed up to myself the respect for the eyes, bewitched the bright farbs, with the living force of the images and the spacious ones. Vasil Ivanovich took the theme of the 17th century as a basis. The painter wanted to show the hard life and the glory of the Russian people. Win zumiv to convey the whole tragedy of the situation: the hero's head is belittled, trampled, ale not angry,; Morozova is doomed to death, but she can still be seen in a transitory way.
Surikov's interest to the boyar's valley
The biography of the boyar Morozovoy zatsikavil Vasil Ivanovich for this reason, that he himself was born in Siberia, the Aleksandr region is famous for the great number of Old Believers. The Sibirians were positively placed before the old virgin, that in the whole region of wide expansion they wrote the manuscripts of the "life", which lay down on the Old Believer martyrs, who suffered at the hands of the representatives of the new virgin. Behind the deyakim tribute, from the "Tell about the boyar Morozova" Surikov knew his mother. By all appearances, the artist fought by the power of the will of the boyar, who resurrect the memory of her, depicting on the majestic canvas of the epizod, de Morozova was taken to the vyaznitsa.
Images of the main characters in the picture
When looking at the canvas in the first place, the central character is the boyar Morozova. Describing the painting talk about those that the artist spent most of his time with portrait etudes, painting them okremo, and then picking them up together. Protopop Avvakum, describing Theodosia, as a thin woman with a blissful glance, and Surikov never knew a different person - fanatical, bloodless, tortured, more proud and unpleasant. Zreshtoyu, Morozov was honored by the Old Believers, who was beaten by Vasily Ivanovich bilya
The Moscow Bidnyak, which sells ogirk, became the prototype of the holy fool, and the axis of the image of the mandrivnik is the author himself. "Boyar Morozova" is a whole picture, filled with "colorful symphonies". Surikov gave great value to the vidtinkam, rocking so that the stench was natural. The artist spastered after the snow, captured all the overflow, marveled at how colder it was pouring into the color of the face. The very same characters are created alive. To start painting the picture, Surikov went to the sleigh to run the boy.
Assessment of the artist's robot
The history of the film "Boyarina Morozova" is even more uninvolved that the robot winks super-verbose evaluations and super-verses of critics every hour of the overdue show. Whom to be like a comus - ni, ala, all went to the Duma, so the work was given to them to glory. Acts of critics tweaked the canvas from the lines of the bright Farbi, so the academies discussed the problems of the picture, such as the wrong hand position, etc. ...
Before Vasyl Surikov, I didn’t depict people of the pre-Peter era so clearly and unprecedentedly. At the center of the canvas there is a blind, tormented by mental anguish, hungry from the woman's post, around her there were unwanted, rude people in fur coats, Torlopov, padded warmers. Natov was divided into two parts, one spy boyar, іnsha - to make fun of її bіda. Surikov wanted to revive his characters. Looks like the cost of the canvas can be seen in the whole NATO and how to be transferred from the hour to the table back.
Vasil Ivanovich realistically depicting the pod_ya, as a small place in the history of Russia. Yogi robot sponded people not only to know about the share of boyar Morozova, but to ponder over її vchinka. If you want to be a fanatic, you want to be hungry for unpretentious principles. Before the hour the picture appeared, people were playing the heroine with the populists and Stenka Razin. Don't talk about those who are "boyar Morozov" є in the skin, if you know people who are true to their perekonanny.
Have your own famous paintings"BOYARINYA MOROZOVA" Vasil Surikov, who was determined to be true historical truth, all the same having entered into it. For the sake of vivozyatya on Theodosia Morozov, the bullet was tucked up to the oak log so mintly that the ice could turn. Why did the power feel so afraid of the woman's whole life?
Svisno. Morozova was not just a simple woman - she was the best in Russia, the most beautiful, the best. Vona lay down to the toothed family of the Bryansk noblemen Sokovnin, who was hanging around the spokesmen for the dispute with Miloslavsky - the native first squad of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich. The young sovereign, who came to the throne in 1645, did not love the warriors, for the sake of the nicknames Shonaitikhishim, but he also enraged the church services and all the earthly divines. Two dissimilar floods led him to think that the Russian church had been ruled incorrectly - it would be impossible to transform it into an earthly manner;
Oleksiy Quiet
Tsiu іdeyu vselyako was fostered by the Tsar’s radars, the head of the thugs “uncle” was Boris Morozov. Tsarska mercy brought wealth not only to you, but to your relatives, one of them - his brother Glib Ivanovich Morozov - became a widow, becoming friends in 1649 on the 17th Feodosia Sokovnina. She was named as a dazzling beauty and was wicked by Batko Prokop Fedorovich in strict rules. Morozov didn’t catch the heat, but the dispute with Miloslavsky. A message of fun for Feodosia, a new life - she was fooled by the management of the great empire and turbot about the people of Sina Ivan, a beautiful, aloof little sickly little fellow, who could not see him constantly. About tse period mayzhe nothing is not visible: at the time of the life of the Russian woman, the tower of the house, the bully was undoubtedly caught from the outside eyes. You can deprive yourself of it, but Feodosia didn’t have a special closeness to the head. Lіtnіy boyar Morozov mayzhe spent the whole day at the palace, wishing to obey the princess.
Boyarin Boris Morozov
In 1661, Boris Morozov died unsuccessfully, and his brother, having calmed down all his majestic riches, and he himself died a couple of months; Let us become one of the most decisive people in Russia by becoming a small-scale Ivan, who was ordered by Feodosia Prokopivna. The palace in the Moscow village Zyuzin was enraged by its wealth: the pidlogi boules with the shakhovo tiles, the walls decorated with the Chinese shawl, the pavichi were wandering around in the majestic garden. Forgiveness, the young widow saw in a carriage, chilled with gold, yaku carried "many argamaks, 6 or 12, with rattling lancers" and supervised hundreds of servants and servants.
Well, it’s possible to live that radіti, quiet flesh and quietly old middle of the people and hangers-on. Ale, it seems, is not a show of vengeance at Morozova's fathers. Vіdmovivshis decіlkom enviable name, Vona virіshila confer on the right piety. I walked through the first walkways of the dream, prayed for a long time, then took the rogues - like her peasants, like Morozov's bulo, which may be 10 thousand, so also the chicks, like they met in the Zyuzinskaya garden, the sound. Vona didn’t only give out pennies to them, but she herself caught the ailments, she bandaged wounds to those who were sick. At the same time, she wasn’t a blissful simpleton - ti. hto namagalisya, simuluuyuchi kalitstva, grab your share of mercy, mercilessly vikidaє get out of your servants. I thought about it - only the simplest grasses, some oiled swans, and the eggplant from overseas, - the boyar spilled with blue and revised the lessons given by her home teachers. Vaughn wonders of science.
Betting in Zyuzin
After instructing an hour of evening pratsi - Morozova sewed from simple fabrics of clothes, yaku distributed to the children and prisoners. She slept no more than seven years, ala and in the middle of the night I did not sleep much and prayed zealously, put down bows to the earth - now three hundred, now all five hundred - for the holy Russia and letting go of things. These new chuvains became all the more frequent in the world, as the mandarin-pilgrims brought all the new negligible visitors to the boyar's mansion. Even in 1652, the patriarch was a patriarch who was close to the king Nikon - a viceroy from the peasants, a jealous person and a non-hateful person, ale neymovyrno proud.
Patriarch Nikon
Among these are the revolutionaries, and Nikon was killed in the Russian Church to celebrate the revolution. The name of everything looked to finish innocently - they were ordered to be baptized not in two, but with three fingers, to replace the "Isus" to write "Isus", and the eight-cut chrest was replaced by the chotirikutny Catholic. First: in the Symbols of the viri from the recognition of the "born, not the root", the recipient of the "a" vikin ', the dumb ones are aware of the divinity of Christ. The head of the same bulo those, that the church democracy was changed by the suvoroi "verticals of power", on which the patriarch stood, and on the dili - the king.
The reforms were called “corrections of church books” for a walnut look. Ale the walnut church of that hour, as it passed in the slavery of the innovators, went far away from the ancient wives. Apparently, the ministers of the church immediately remembered the price and began to grow oburuvatisya. Ale Nikon, as the "find" tsar, could not tolerate any misunderstanding. At the Cathedral of 1654, Patriyarkh especially beat Bishop Pavel Kolomenskoy with his club, as if he dared to shut him down, having funded his dignity and sent him to a distant monastery.
Forgive the priests and the laity for telling them kudi to girshe - they baptized with three fingers and communion with prosphora from the chotirikutny "Polish" christening; Quiet, hto napolyagav, checked more zhorstoka kara - a bedroom in the woods, a type of wood clit. First, the same Bishop Pavlo followed a fierce stratum, and behind him came a series of dozens and hundreds of adherents of the "old virgin", or the "old rite" - so the opponents of Nikon and his reforms thought they would call themselves. Newly appeared Russian Inquisition was sorry for anyone - to visit the beloved of the tsar, Archpriest Avvakum, and send messages to the distant Dauria, to the Chinese cordon.
In 1658 Nikon dared to know that Oleksiy Mikhailovich himself was not right in the lack of justice - and even soon he appeared not at the right. Yogo fell out of favor with the reforms that were made to the tsar; she brought amnesty to the deyakim vyaznya. Turning to Moscow and Avakum, which is a well-known lane in the booth of Boyar Morozovo. The stench led the whole rage, and the teachings of the archpriest marveled at the cleverness of the gentleman: "More than Feodosia and book reading, and scooped up a lot of rose from the words of the Evangelians." Postupovo Zyuzin became the center of the Old Believers' opposition: the Crimean Avakum, the old woman Melania, the squad of the shooter colonel Maria Danilov, and the two holy fools - Cyprian and Fedir, ruled there. I stayed especially in love with Morozova and spent an hour staying with her at night. Nikoniani let out a little bit about their "prodigal spivzhitty", but everyone knew the boyar, but they didn’t blame him. For the first time, piety infected the people of the family: before the old virgin came both the brothers Fedir and Oleksiy, and the sister Evdokiya, who was the prince of Urusov's squad.
Church in Zyuzin. Our days
The giblets are the mainstay of the splitting, entrusted with the tsar's palaz, having lost the gratuvati's possession. Half of the volody was sent to the treasury after some time at Morozovo's treasury; We were blackmailed to the find-hunters - to the lives of Sin. His three-year sister Anna Rtischeva, Nikon's comrade-in-arms, said: "You have a child alone, and you want to be sirim and make you for God." Let the boyar say the hard one: "I thought you would like to see me in a blue way out of Christ's way, I will tell you straight away: see me on the Lobnya misce, go out to the dogs to be torn apart - you will not come to see me." The departed tormented people close to them - at first they sent both holy fools to Pivnich (and they strained), then they sent Avakum to the distant Pustozersk. Fifteen years of mischief of the protopope in the earthly life, in hunger and cold, and then, in April 1681, he died in death. Bagato rokiv vin prodzhuvannya z Morozovoi - and mintly barking and for the past show fleshly weakness. To navit radiv "vikoloti ochiski" weaving chapel behind the butt of the saints of Mastrіdіya, as such a rank posed htivih dumok.
Archpriest Avvakum
Attack control the boyar until the streaming stream Ale in 1669 died, and the quietest boyar called out to herself, for the last time she called out to change her mind. Vona didn’t flinch again: "I will not dare to know your royal grandeur, I will not dare to see the novelties of Nikon Patriarch by the way." I didn’t get back to the road, and I dared to take monastic vows from the Old Believer priest, who was categorically defended by the law. On the very cob in 1671, the abbot Dosifei secretly turned up in Moscow from the fox at Pivnochi, and tonsured the vows in the maidens for the sake of Feodoria. Vona already knew that she was cheeky, - through a few days the tsar would become friends with the young beauty Natalia Narishkinoi. Morozovoi, like and all Boyar, should have been present at the Vesilia and had the blessings of the archives - Nikonians. I couldn’t get sick - I didn’t go to the funeral, having sent, as it is said in "A story about the life of boyar Morozova", written by an unidentified author in the middle of the 17th century, to ailments: stand. " For Oleksiy Mikhailovich it was a special image. "I know, like being proud!" - bushuvav Quiet.
At the fall of the same tree, the striltsi made a palace in Zyuzin. The boyar was taken to the Kremlin Chudov Monastery with Evdokin Urusova at once, before the Archimandrite Ioakim, who was the Great Rechristener. The offended sisters knocked their fingers down with two fingers and immediately shoved them into the kaidan and put them in the Syrian pidval. As the years passed, the nasty voice of the archimandrite: "Years for you to live in the air, SNIDU down!" A day later, they brought them to the court, snarled to receive communion according to the Nikonian word, and ale the stench were seen. They were condemned to death in a monastery and taken in ganebny carts along the streets of Moscow, encouraging people to delight in the humiliation of rich and noble ones. At the same time, having portrayed an artist, Muscovites marveled at Morozova, who is mournful, and who is sensitive. Vaughn, walking up the hill with two fingers, shouted: “Wonder, Orthodox! My axle is dear, but the axle of the lancer is precious ... Pray like that, as I do, and do not be afraid to suffer for Christ! "
They were stuck in the Pechersk suburb on Arbati, and Evdokiya - in the Conception Monastery on Prechistentsi. The uncomfortable synonym of Feodosia Ivan, the relief of the mother's turbot, died "from many sorrows", and all the riches of the Morozov boules were confiscated. Ale vlada could not leave the disgraced boyar in peace: the Old Believers brought more and more trouble. As usual, before the warrant of the old virgins, everyone got up, who did not appreciate the heavy hand of the tsar and the boyars. Some natovs flew to the fox, and to the neighbors of the tsar's vіysk they themselves sprinkled themselves with hundreds and thousands, and they didn’t take the Nikonian participle. Bagato hto tіkav shche dalі, to the very edge of the state, - it was later and with blood that the new frontiers of Russia were conquered. Інші went for a week, until the Cossacks, and then you will join in later until Stepan Razin. Ledve zumіli power to strangle the Razin insurrection, as on Pivnochі, having gone for the old time, the Solovetsky Monastery. The tsikh minds to the tsar and the patriarch finished the need for repentance of the leaders of the rozkol - and they decided to domination be-yaky shlakhi.
The bribe in 1673 to the fate of Morozov, Evdokiy Urusov and his friend Maria Danilova was brought to trial with this woman: to get back and take part in the new rite and to be baptized with three fingers. “To anyone who has been given communion,” she said, “from anyone who has received communion. Bagato pop, ale the truth ". Having forgotten about his saint, the important patriarch Pitirim "reviy like a witch" and having punished the boyar, "like a dog, a cap for shia", so Morozov at the gatherings "all steps as the head of his viznala." He himself shouted at all the hour: "The wound of the sufferer in the pipe!" - tobto "burn the convict." They beat Morozov's wounds and their ties with batogs, drove them to the diba, and then threw them to the SNIG right in the Kremlin courtyard. The patriarch also ordered to put on the Swamp Square the ches for the bedroom, the king of the Zupin Pitirim is mabut, fearing that the public strata of the noble boyar will set an unreasonable precedent. de boyars to carry її "on their heads" and the king himself to bow to їy, abi won - just about the human eye, just once. - crossed herself with three fingers. Surely well, the boyar was seen. However, it is possible, nothing like this has come - the royal words can be revenged in the not authentic Old Believer "Tale of Boyar Morozova". The quietest zanadto, knowing well the boyar's unpretentious character, will be able to bring her to reconcile with her. The same story is conveyed by the word: "It is hard for my brothers with me - the only one who sees us is good to everyone." In that sense, in the super-tsar's words and wicked affection can only be overcome by one. Oleksiy Mikhaylovich has been healthy, has gone, and not wished, but "Bogomatir rozkola" survived yo.
Morozov and the two who got stuck were sent to the Borovsk Monastery, to the earthling vyaznitsa, having punished Suvorishe for dealing with them. A little far away from the capital, the cholovik Marya Danilova, a strong commander, zoomed out about the squad and her friends. Two days later, she hit the Borovsk Commissariat, and I’m feeling alive and well, reading Old Believer books and writing pages at will, which was especially intolerable. All the guards were sent to the zasannya, and the women were ordered to be thrown into the earth pit, into the "darkened unlit". Before the tsim, in their eyes there are boules of 14 bedrooms stuck in a monastery of Old Believers. They lowered the earth, under the fear of death they protected them, and let me write and drink. Evdokiya Urusova died first, then Mary's mother came. Lying alone, Morozova didn’t show up and started to ask the guards for an apple, a crouton, a little bread ... Monastirski chuli fought from the ground to shouts: “Drive! I want kovtok drive! »At night on 2 leaf fall 1675 the screams stopped. Tila the martyr - in brudn_ matting, without іdsp_vuvannya - they buried the prison in the fence.
Soon enough, Oleksiy Mikhailovich died, and the stench turned around, and they put a slab on the site of the boyar's father. This year there was built a drop on the county of the Old Believers, as they promote everything that comes from the "Nikonian" Church. Rozkol having started an invalid shkodi of Russia. With the help of the Peter's reforms, it was transformed into a breakthrough, as it was spilled among the people and its rule, and it became the cause of the onset of the rebellions.
V.I. Surikov. Boyar Morozova
Feodosya Prokopivna Morozova (1632-1675) - Old Believer girl, associate of Archpriest Avakum. The principals of Surikov's paintings became just like Boyar Morozova.
The first steps to "Boyar Morozov" are valid until 1881 r The residual version is 3.04 by 5.86 m in size Surikov finished in 1887 r About the picture, the associates said that Surikov had made "a good old story, he was an eyewitness."
The image of the boyar the artist nudged the shaleni rice: she was raised in a two-fingered hand, a bloodlessly fanatical person imagines what Avvakum said about her: "threw tee at the gate, like a lion."
In the picture of the images, "the gang of the boyar Feodosia Prokopivna Morozova will be sent to the Kremlin for being humble to the tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich." Deyakі characters in the picture to feed, okremі - to mock, but more part of the people to marvel at her in reverence and bow to her. Now Surikov imagined himself at the viglyadі mandrіvnik with a club, to stand in a big idea.
Painting Boyar Morozov V. Surikov. The artist's Danish tvir is inspired by a purely Russian plin, not an easy life of that hour, a hard and not good hour of the church breakup.
Surikov portraying a sumny ale impenetrable image head hero canvases by Boyar Morozova in 1887, in the most compositional center of the picture, she is dressed in a fur coat with oxamit, and to take him on a sleigh along the streets of Moscow to death, I am chained in a kaidan, my hands are tied with a lancet.
Boyar viguku to NATO people farewell words, won’t fanatically see her old war and not for gingerbread, won’t sell them to the people in greatness of their submissiveness and experience their tragedy.
In the image of Boyar Morozova, Surikov began to set up to show the great spirit of not evil in the Russian woman, who was close to the tsar, and a small authority at the court and all the development of boyar life, and she was ready for death.
The painting of Boyar Morozov's viconan in vividly for Surikov in colorful tones, playing on the contrasts of people’s valleys in the middle of the elbows and in the minds of townspeople, barefoot elbowed in a brute and a wretched fool, a typical character of middle-aged Russia in the winter. Right-hander from Boyarina Morozova її Sister Princess Urusova is covered in a bila khustka with vichivka, guiding her, she is inspired to repeat the same vchinok.
The picture depicts a rich Russian people, in the midst of those who are not satisfied with them, they smiled gloomily at the next, while they were talking about the navigation. In the middle of many characters in the painting, Surikov portrayed himself in the role of a mandarin, like a bloke in places and villages. The Іm'ya Boyarina Morozovoy buzzed on everyone's lips and skinned roses in their own way.
Tsia gliboko is a historical Russian painting by Surikov, de belittled by the schoolgirl Boyar Morozov, the artist is represented in a temporary image of not the wickedness of a woman. Artist Surikov Boyarina Morozova gives the opportunity to look at the picture, see the whole tragedy of the whole family, see that past that hard life of a very diverse Russian people.
This year's painting is in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, size 304 x 587.5 cm
Biography of Boyar Morozova
Boyar Morozova was born in Moscow on May 21, 1632, the fateful daughter of the okolnichy Sokovnin Prokopia Fyodorovich, who was a relative of Maria Illivnya of the 1st squad of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich. The nickname of Morozov was calmed down from the name of Morozov, Glib Ivanovich, who was seen from the noble family of Morozov at that time, like Bully by the closest relatives tsar's family Romanovikh.
After the death of his brother Boris Ivanovich Morozov, and in the legacy of Glib Ivanovich, the entire recession passed to the small synovium Ivan. For the small age of sina, Feodosia Morozova herself was the whole camp of the keruval, there were 8 thousand villagers in the power of the country, there were only three hundred choloviks in the house of servants.
At that hour, she had a bulo of sadiba matokas seen by the great rozkosha behind the eye of the bagatokh zakordonnyh sadiba. Vona rose in a beautiful expensive carriage with an escort of up to a hundred people. Bagat was in decline, life with relish, the life of a filthy one was innocently found in the life of boyar life.
Boyar Morozova Feodosia Prokopivna Bula is a henchman of the Russian Old Believers. The old people, who were ruled by the tsarist ruler of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhaylovich, were often gathered in the small house, to pray for the old people of the Old Believer ikons according to old Russian rituals.
Boyar Morozova was in close contact with Archpriest Avvakum, one of the Old Believers' ideologues, and was favorably placed before the holy fools and in gods, as they often had a warm place in the booth.
Do not be astonished at those that Boyar Morozova saw the Old Believers as well as introduced the new rite to the church, but apparently they didn’t take advantage of the old believers. She secretly took tonsure from the Old Believers, they called them Theodore, and they themselves went to see the Holy and Church visits. I was brought up to the request for the funeral of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich with the drive of the ailment, unaffected by those at the courtyard of Theodosia Prokopivna, the head of the bully was approached to the tsar and the status of the supreme boyar was small.
Such behavior of Theodore apparently did not befit the king. The tsar has developed a lot of thoughts and wins on her for the help of his relatives, sending the boyar Troykurov to persuade him to accept a new virgin, but everything is boom.
To punish the boyar for some kind of shit, the tsar was enthralled by the boyar's camp of Morozova, that tsarina Maria Illivna also streamed the tsar from the punishing scruffy boyar. In the protest of Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich, having absorbed all his royal patience, he sent Archimandrite Chudov Yakim to the Morozov Monastery for a couple with Dyak Dyak Ilarion Ivanov.
From the hatred to the guests and the news of the sister Theodosia, Princess Urusova, as a sign of ill-will, fell into the bed and the bed was shown to finish. For all this ganebny dії on the thought of the archimandrite, they were eaten in a kaidani, although they left the sisters behind for home areshtom.
If they brought the monaster to Chudov for replenishment, and then to the Pskov-Pechersk monasteries, the old monasteries didn’t come to life, all the boyar's masters, the power of the boyar passed to the royal execution, the whole hour was connected with They helped and helped, brought іy іzhu and speeches and to visit one Old Believer priest, having given the Holy Communion.
Patriarch Pitirim himself has asked for mercy for the soul of the king, and for the king, having pleased the head priest, he himself will be thrilled in the throne. After drinking at Pitirim's, Boyar Morozova also did not want to stand on her feet in front of the patriarch, sagging in the arms of the shooters.
In 1674, two Morozov sisters and the old ritualist Maria Danilov were encouraged to cross over with torments on the dibi in the Yamskiy courtyard. Niyaky perekonannya did not help, and they were already going to burn on the bagatta, the czar's sister Irina Mikhaylovna, the king’s sister, and the boyars were dumbfounded.
The decision of the tsar bulo also: 14 people of servants, who had lost their lives in the same way, were burned alive in the creep, Morozov Theodosia and her sister, Princess Urusova, were sent to Borovsk Pafnutyevo-Borivnitsa monasteries, they were planted in the land in the land. Sisters Morozov died at the end of the week in the month of 1675
To depict a confl ict of a particular state and a state, protruding from a black background to the background - for Surikov, the artistic zeal of the same importance. “Boyar Morozovoi” couldn’t have been, as it’s not a crow in a winter landscape.
“... Once I’ve kicked the crow into the snow. The crow was sitting on the snow and one thing was presented. To sit with a black flame on the snow. So the axis of the city with the beaches, I have not lost a lot of rock. Let's save "Boyar Morozov" by writing ", - zgaduvav Vasil Surikov about those who have come to the idea of the picture. On the stem of the "Rank of the Stretch Stratum", the canvases, as if they were famous, Surikov was nudged by his reflexes on the whims of the half-lit candles at the light of the day. An artist, the dynasty of whom passed to Siberia, with a similar rank zgaduvav kata, as having spent public campaigns on the city of Krasnoyarsk: "Black eshafot, chervona shirt - beauty!"
In Surikov's picture, there are images of the podia of 29 leaf fall (for N.St. - Approx. "Navkolo svitu") 1671 rock, since Theodosia was transported from Moscow to the end.
The unfortunate participant of the heroine in the "Tale of Boyar Morozova" rozpovidak: “I was lucky to be in Chudov’s (the monasteries in the Kremlin, kudi and її earlier they were escorted for a supplement. - Approx." Around the world ") Stretching your hand with your gum ... and clearly depict the folding finger, the visoce of the wearer, often fencing it with a cross, the cap and so often the ringing ".
1. Feodosia Morozova. "Your fingers are subtle ... your eyes are bliskavichny", - talking about Morozova spiritual mentor Archpriest Avvakum. Surikov wrote a piece of NATO, and then became a shukati type for the head heroine. The artist tasted the writing of Morozov from his aunt Avdotya Vasylivnya Torgoshin, as an Old Believer. Ale її denouncing it was destroyed on aphids by a large group of people. They were trivial, leaving once before the Old Believers did not come from the Urals as Anastasia Mikhailivna. "Near the garden, in two years", Behind the words of Surikov, he wrote an etude from her: "I as having inserted її into the picture - won all overwhelmed".
Roz'yzhdzhak until they fell off in the rosy deputies, the boyar was taken in a village sleigh, and the people were bachiv and humiliated. Figura Morozovoy - black tricycle - not to perish on the smallest of dying of a stringy human zbigovska, as it is, it’s like a bi breaking yurbu on two nervny parts: grasping and spiriting - on the right and on the right, and on the right, and on the right, and on the right, and evil and sneering.
2. Two fingers. This is how the Old Believers folded their fingers, bristling, todi yak Nikon nasadzhuvav quail. To be christened with two fingers in Russia has been accepted long ago. Two fingers symbolize the unity of the subordinates of the nature of the Jesus Christ - divine and human, and the bent and the three are lost - Triytsyu.
3. Snig. Tsikaviy is a painter, who zmіnyu, zbagachu coloristics are known to be on new objects. “To write on a dream - all іnshe go,- said Surikov. - He write on the snig with silhouettes. And on the snow, see through everything with light. Everything is in the reflexes of purple and horny ones, he is like a boyar Morozova - upper, black; and a shirt in NATO ... "
4. sled. “There is some beauty in the sleigh: in Kopilkov, in vyaz, in sleds,- lamenting painting. - And in viginas there are runners, as they smell and shine, as forged ... Aje Russian sleighs are needed! .. " At the provincial order with Surikov's Moscow apartment, you must pay attention to the fact that the village sleighs were often used. The artist followed the sledges and overshadowed the furrows, which they had left for a new day. Surikov didn’t whisper, then he saw between the sanmi and the edges of the picture, how to give him dynamism, to play “poyhati”.
5. Odyag boyar. In the end of 1670, Morozova secretly got her hair cut in maids for Feodoria's name and to wear strict, dear, chorny odeag.
6.Leading(The boyar is on the rutsi and the mandrivnik is right-handed). Shkiryan Old Believers' chotki at the viglyadas of gatherings - a symbol of spiritual convergence, a name and a name. At the same time, the ladder is closed in the ring, which means uninterrupted prayer. The dermal Christian Old Believer is guilty of his own flattering for prayer.
7.Smith pop. Creative characters, the painter chose the most types of people. The prototype of this priest is Dyak Varsonofiy Zakourtsev. Surikov zgaduvav, as in eight rocky years, he brought all the nich to rule the children on the safe roads, oskilki dyak, his companion, who was squeamishly drunk.
8. Churches. It was written from the church of Mikoli the Wonderworker in Noviy Sloboda on Dolgorukovskiy street in Moscow, not far from the booth, where Surikov is dead. Kam'yaniy temple was zbuduvali in 1703 rotsі. Budivlya has been spared until our days, albeit the need for restoration. Sketch the churches in the foggy picture: the artist did not want to, but he won’t be recognized. Judging from the first eskizah, Surikov has taken a handful, apparently to the dzherel, to depict the Kremlin's wake-up call in the background, or rather to move the scene of action to the city of Moscow in the 17th century of the city during the 17th century
9. Princess Єvdokiya Urusova. Native sister of Morozova in flux could reach the schoolchildren and in the bag distributed Feodosia's share in the Borivskoye Ostroz.
10. Old and childish. Tsi types Surikov know in the Old Believer community on the Preobrazhensky Tsvintara. There they knew well, and the women greeted me for a while. "Befitting їm, I am a Cossack and I don’t smoke", - the artist has called.
11. Curling up a hustle. Vipadkova is the artist's witch at the stage of etude. Zadshi burn down the edge, yes, the noblewoman just sank into the condemned low, to the ground, on the sign of the glib povaga.
12. Chernitsya.Її Surikov wrote to his friends, the daughters of a Moscow priest, and was getting ready to take the tonsure.
13. Mace. Surikov stabbed a takiy in the rutsi of the babi-pilgrim, and went along the road to the Trinity-Sergiyev Lavra. “I dumped watercolors so after her,- zgaduvav artist. - And there was already. I shout: “Granny! Granny! Give me a staff! "And I threw away the staff - I thought I was a rogue".
14. Mandrivnik. Other types of blokachiv-chan with clubs and small bags created and in for example XIX stolittya. Tsey mandrіvnik - Morozov’s іdeinny ally: win the cap, escort the condemnation; at the new one, like at her, the Old Believers' chotka. A self-portrait is a self-portrait: if the artist does not change the turn of the head of the character, the pilgrim, who has called out to the image, you will not know any more.
15. Holy fool in chains. Spіvchuvayuchi Morozovoi, we should baptize її with the same schismatic Two-Fingers and not be afraid of punishment: they did not chill the holy fools in Russia. Vidpovidnogo nature artist knows the market. The peasant, who is a trader in ogirkami, podzvaty on the snow in one linen sorochtsi, and a painter rubbing his frozen legs with a bitter. “I gave you three rubles,- interview Surikov. - Tse for a new great penny bully. And win the first binding of a reckless driver for a ruble seventy five copies of one. The axis of the yak lyudin bul ".
16. Icon "Bogomatir Rozchulennya". Feodosia Morozov marvels on top of her. The rebellious boyar's namir trimati see only before the sky.
For the first time, Surikov will feel about the rebellious boyars at the children of the christened mother Olga Durandin. In the 17th century, since Tsar Oleksiy Mikhailovich introduced the reform of the Russian church, which was carried out by Patriarch Nikon, Theodosia Morozov, one of the most generous and infused women at the court, began to oppose innovation. At the beginning of the rebellion, the monarch's grievances were victorious, and the boyar was imprisoned in the subterranean vyaznitsa in Borivskoe pid Kalugoi, de von and died as a result.
The prototype of the non-robber black beach to the background - for the artist, the drama is just as loud as the conflict strong specialties from the monarchy. It is not less important to convey the gross reflexes on the basis of the particulars to the author; it is not less important to show the spectrum of emotions in the conduct of NATO. For Surikov ci creative staff did not fail okremo. "Abstractness and intelligence are the scourges of art", - stverdzhuvav vin.
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PAINTER
1848
- Having been born in Krasnoyarsk in the Cossack homeland. |