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Right next to the Russian travels on the cob, the 20th century. "Sribny Vik" of the Russian travel - the price of the name has become consistent for the well-known Russian travel of the XIX century - the ear of the XX century

On the stick of the 19th and 20th centuries, Russia lived in grandiose times. Especially I saw in the trip. Creativity of Chekhov and Tolstoy is important to create within the framework of realism, as it has already reached the heights of maisternity. To this, the trade of the old doorways and the burgeoning jokes of the new has sprung up: new forms, new Rome, new words. Honored with the era of modernism.

In the history of Russian poetry, modernism is represented by three main trends: symbolists, acmeists and futurists.

Symbols pushed to the image of ideals, filling their rows with symbols and transmissions. The change of mysticism and reality is even more characteristic, the creativity of M. Yu. Lermontov is not taken as a basis. The acmeisti continued the traditions of the Russian classical history of the 19th century, the pragmatist of the vision of light in all its development. The futurists, the navpaks, have forgotten everything, conducting experiments with the form of verses, with rims and stanzas.

The proletarian singing has gone into fashion in the revolution, the theme of which has become a favorite theme is the change that was introduced in the suspension. And vіyna gave birth to a whole galaxy of talented poets, middle ones like A. Tvardovskiy and K. Simonov.

The middle of the capital was marked by the development of bard culture. The names of B. Okudzhavi, V. Visotskiy, Y. Vizbor are inscribed in the history of the Russian journey. At the same time, we will continue to develop the traditions of the Sribny Vika. Some singers are equal to modernist - Євг. Yvtushenko, B. Akhmadulina, R. Rozhdestvenskiy, іnshі to suppress the traditions of landscape lyricism from the great background in philosophy - tse N. Rubtsov, V. Smelyakov.

Singing of the "capital city" of the Russian literature

K. D. Balmont. The creativity of a talented poet is forgotten for the next hour. The land of socialism did not need writers to create a pose within the framework of socialist realism. At the same time, Balmont has overlaid the abundant creativity of the decline, like the cheek of a sawing vivchennya. Critics have called it "sleepy genim", as it is all of the first spirits of life, voluptuousness and generosity.

Vibranі vіrshі:

І. A. Bunin- the greatest sings of the XX century, is it possible to repair within the framework of a realistic painting. Yogo creativity loves the most popular sides of Russian life: he sings about the Russian village and the grimaces of the bourgeoisie, about nature native land and about love. Having settled in emigration, Bunin is getting more and more involved in the bik of philosophy, putting in his own lyricism of global nutrition.

Vibranі vіrshі:

A.A. block- the greatest sings of the XX century, the most representative of such a transition, like symbolism. An eminent reformer, who has overshadowed the recessions of the maybutnym singing a new unit of the resolute rhythm - the dolnik.

Vibranі vіrshі:

S.A. Єsenin- one of the most beautiful and self-made poets of the 20th century. The Russian nature is loved by the theme of the yogic lyric poetry, and sings to itself, calling it "the rest of the spivak of the Russian village". Nature became the peace of mind for the poet: love, life, faith, strength, be-like podii - everything was passed through the prism of nature.

Vibranі vіrshі:

V.V. Mayakovsky- spravzhnya gliba literaturi, sings, as if having overshadowed the majesty of the artist's decline. Lyrica Mayakovsky celebrated a magnificent infusion on the poets of the coming generations. Yogo smіlivі experiments with the sizes of a fixed row, rims, tonalities and forms have become a standard for representatives of Russian modernity. Yogo vіrshі is recognized, and the vocabulary is poetic by means of neologisms. Uvіyshov in the history of Russian travel as the creator of the strong style.

Vibranі vіrshі:

V.Ya. Bryusov- Another representative of symbolism in the Russian poetry. Bagato pratsyuvav over the word, the skin row - as if vivirena is a mathematical formula. Having spoken to the revolution, even more of the revolution is urban.

Vibranі vіrshі:

N.A. Zabolotskiy- a shanuvalnik of the school of "cosmists", as she carried nature, transformed by the hands of people. Sounds of eccentricity, sharpness and fantasticness in yo lyricism. Assessment of yogo creativity is ambiguous. Some of them meant that the poet was foreign to the era. Yak bi was not there, the creativity is sung by the true lovers of red writing.

Vibranі vіrshі:

A.A. Akhmatova- one of the first representatives of the truly "female" travel. This lyric can be easily called "a book for people about women". Edina Russian poet, yaka rejected the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Vibranі vіrshі:

M.I. Tsvєtaєva- Another adherent of the female lyric school. Bagato, in what way, has continued the traditions of A. Akhmatova, but when she has already lost her self-confidence and recognition. The numerical verses of the Tsvєtaєvoi became like songs.

Vibranі vіrshі:

B. L. Pasternak- vidomy sings and transcripts, laureate Nobel Prize on literature. In their own lyricism, they are relevant to those: socialism, viyny, the position of people in the current suspension. One of the main merits of Pasternak is in the fact that it is in the light of the freedom of the Georgian journey. Yogo shift, schiry interest and love to the culture of Georgia - the price of the majestic additions to the treasure of the culture of the world.

Vibranі vіrshі:

A.T. Tvardovsky. The ambiguous illusion of creativity of the poet is tied to the time of the last hour of the Tvardovsky boulevard to the "official accusations" of the Radian poetry. Ale of this creativity vibrates from the rigid framework of "socialist realism". He sings the same cycle of verses about wine. And yogo satire has become a point of reference for the development of a satirical poetry.

Vibranі vіrshі:

With the ear of the 90s, Russian poetry is going through a new round of development. A change of ideals is being introduced, a suspension of knowledge will start to shut up everything that is old. At the same time, the lyricism was tied to the emergence of new literary trends: postmodernism, conceptualism and metarealism.

Ear of the twentieth century. This is a rich period of history for the Russian people. A large-scale technical breakthrough: for the first time to fix the vicorists, telephones, electric bulbs, cars. Tse - bloody war and revolution.

Tse - light, unprepared vira in the beautiful, which helped people with great pleasure and honor to go through all the experience. If you can characterize the period in one word, then the word "Proriv" will be the most suitable. The success could say goodbye to its past and introduced innovation, absorbed new ideas. Literature, similar to the mirror, depicted all the changes that were seen in the life of the nation.

New priyomy in the literary process of the first half of the 20th century

The literary process in the first half of the XXth century has developed new styles, new styles, modernism and realism will be brought to life. For literary creations, a fantastic absurdity is becoming characteristic, as a new experimental form. Yaksho in the nineteenth century literary works read about active subjects, for example, love, evil, similar and suspicious ones, then in the new literature of the twentieth century there will be some abstract psychological approaches to describe these things.

Literature is reminiscent of a special philosophy. The heads of those who were victorious in creativity - the price of a revolution, a revolution, the problem of religious spirits, and the smut is the tragedy of specialness, people, who, by virtue of circumstances, have lost their internal harmony... Lyrical heroes become more cheerful, ridiculous, extraordinary, non-communicable.

A lot of writers can also be seen as a classic stylistic presentation of the text - the famous "Drabinka" by V. Mayakovsky appears. Until the end of the literary mayor, it is impossible to see it, but to be supplemented with more daring modern elements. For example, Asenin's writing style is even closer to Pushkin's style, but it is impossible to do it more or less. Most of the creations have the first plan to win wine up to the sub'ktu, before that, as Lyudin sprymay suspilny podії through the prism of his own svidomostі.

Mass literature appears on the ear of the XX century. Create, as they were not perceived by the high artistic value, however, there is a great expansion of the middle of the population.

The infusion of a suspicious and sovereign life into literature

At the end of the period, writers and singers passed through all the new changes and vibrations in the suspension and sovereign life. Tse, unambiguously, in the majestic world was infused with their creativity. Some of them, in their creations, overpowered people and instilled confidence in the new, beautifully maybut, sometimes with pesimism and overwhelming overkonuv at the inevitability of grief and citizens.

I have a very important role in development literary process The new government won authoritarianism. The writers adopted a dissenting path for themselves, and the writers believed in their creations to be a land of socialism, to develop a working class and a communist party.

Do not be astonished at those who are rich in literary ideas and ideas to leave the country through political motives, Russian literature has not died in emigration. Bunin, Tsvєtaєva, Kuprin, Khodasevich, Shmelov are introduced to the most famous Russian literary acts in emigration.

For the Russian literature, the ear of the 20th century is characterized by an understanding of the crisis by the elderly about the value, a large-scale reevaluation. There are new literary currents and schools. Welcome to the renewed journey, which will commemorate the ear of the Holy Capital of the Russian Literature.

sredbny vik Russian travel - the meaning of the Russian travel of the XIX century - the ear of the XX century. This is given to the bouloon by analogy from the golden capitals.

There is a great deal of literature about the Russian travels of the capital capital - the literature was even more abundantly written about it by both the survivors and foreigners, including Ch. Zhirmunskiy, V. Orlov, L.K. Dolgopolov, continue writing M.L. Gasparov, R.D. Tymenchik, N.A. Bogomolov that is very rich. About the epoch of seeing the number of people - for example, V. Mayakovsky "On the Parnas of the Celestial Capital", I Odoevtseva "On the banks of the Neva".

Russian Poetry of the Middle Ages takes place in the atmosphere of a cultural out-of-the-box culture like a new part. Characteristically, at one and the same hour in the same land, such bright talents as O. Blok and V. Mayakovsky, A. Biliy and V. Khodasevich could create. The whole list can be prodovzhuvati and prodovzhuvati. In the history of light literature, the phenomenon is unique.

Kinets XIX - ear of XX century. in Russia - a whole hour of change, homelessness and a frowning sign, a whole hour of discovering and seeing the close bend of the current suspenseful political fret. All the tse could not help but tinker with the Russian journey. The same s tsim are tied to the denomination of symbolism.

Symbolism was not a uniform manifestation, which was united in its ranks by poets, as they were met by the very scrupulous glances themselves. One of the symbols, such as M. Minsky, D. Merezhkovsky, repaired their creative way as representatives of the community's mission, and then they began to participate in the idea of ​​"God-Budgeting" and "Religious Community".

The reality is that life is imagined as indulgent, evil, boring and lack of eyes. They showed particular respect for symbolism before artistic innovation - the reinterpretation of the meaning of the poetic word, the development of rhythm, rimi, etc. "Older symbols" do not yet collapse the system of symbols; Smells - impressions, as not to convey the same kind of moods, hostility. The word yak also for symbolism has lost the price.

Vono has become valuable as a sound, a musical note, as a lanka in a zalny musical stimulation of virsha.

The new period in the history of Russian symbolism (1901 - 1904) was about to start a new revolutionary idea in Russia. Pesimistic attitudes, inspired by the era of reaction of the 1880s - the ear of the 1890s. and the philosopher A. Schopenhauer, to act as a misconceptionist for the "insensible snakes". On the literary arena come "young symbolism" - the epithets of the philosopher-idealist and poet V. Solovyov, who imagining that the old light on the next death, that divine Beauty will enter the light (Holy Life), Soul , having given the heavenly (divine) ear of life with the earthly, material, open the "kingdom of God on earth":

You should know: Vichna Zhinochnist niny

At the tili immortal on the earth, Ide.

The light has an unfading new goddess

The sky was angry with the abyss of waters.

The fate of the first Russian revolution (1905-1907) knows quite well the denunciation of Russian symbolism. Most singers come to revolutions... The block is the image of the people of the new, national svitu. V. Ya. Bryusov write celebrities virsh"Arrived guni", de glorifying the inevitable end of the old world, to which, however, to protect myself, and all people of the old, in the world culture. FK Sologub found a book in the fate of the revolution "Batkivshchyna" (1906), K.D. Balmont - collection of "Pisni mesnik" (1907), seen in Paris and fences in Russia, etc.

Even more important are those that the fate of the revolution stayed symbolically artistic svitobachennya. As soon as the Beauty rose like harmony, now it’s ringing with the chaos of fighting, with the folk elements.

Individualism is replaced by the jokes of a new specialty, in which the "I" will be tied to the lives of the people. Change and symbolism: earlier it was tied in the main Christian, antique, middle and romantic tradition, now it is destroyed to the decline of the old "foreign-born" myth (V. Ivanov), before the Russian folklore .M. Gorodetskiy) Іnshim became і settings for the symbol. All the greater role in the new play of this earthly meaning: social, political, historical.

Until the end of the first ten years of the XX century, symbolism, like a school, is beyond the fall. Z'yavlyayutsya okremі create poets-symbolistіv, ally injected yogo, like a school, is involved. Everything is young, zhittєzdatne, the badiori is in the same posture.

Symbolism is not even a new name.

Symbolism has revived itself and the process has gone in two directions. On one side, the vimoga of obov'yazkovoi "mystika", "razkrittya tamnytsi", "osagnennya" not endless in Kintsevo called to the loss of authenticity of the poetry; "Religious and mystical pathos" by the luminaries of symbolism evinced by its kind with a mystical stencil, template. From іnshogo - to the drowned "musical basis", the verse called to the end of the poetry, let go of any logical sense, in which the word is brought to the role of not a musical sound, but a hard, wicked mud.

As a matter of fact, the reaction against symbolism, and as a result of the struggle with it, followed these two main lines.

On one side, against the ideology of symbolism, acmeists were introduced. From іnshogo - to the zahist words, like this, they came up with the very sorcery of symbolism according to the ideology of futurism.

At the turn of the 19th century, which became the period of the overwhelming zleta of the culture of the world and grandiose achievements in all spheres of art, it was a foldable, new dramatic event and turning points of the 20th century. The golden wake of the enormous and mysterious life changed so by the so-called family, which gave rise to a rapid development of Russian literature, poetry and prose in new trends, and this year became the right point of the world.

In this statistic, there is a clear emphasis on the poetry of the medieval capital, and it is clear and clear about the main lines, such as symbolism, acmeism and futurism, skin of which evoked the special music of the hero of the earthly life.

The train of the capital city. Changes in Russian culture and art

Vvazhaєtsya, scho the cob of the capital of the Russian literature is brought to 80-90 pp. XIX Art. We have an hour to see the robots of the wonderful poets: V. Bryusov, K. Ril'va, K. Balmont, І. Annensky - and writers: L. M. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky, M. Є. Saltikova-Shchedrina. The land is going through hard times. In the rock of the governor of Oleksandr I, there will be a strong patriotic spirit in 1812, and in connection with the bright change earlier in the liberal politics of the tsar, the suspension of morality is important in

Own development of the journey of the Middle Ages reach Until 1915, the Hromadske life and political situation is characterized by a severe crisis, a restless, boiling atmosphere. There is a growth of mass in appearance, a policy of life and an instant change in self-awareness. Suspense of good work try to know the new ideal of power and social harmony. And singers and writers keep pace with the hour, mastering new artistic forms and conveying smiliv ideas. Human specialness of the initiative learned how to begin with the same basic principles: natural and social, biological and moral. At the rocky Lutnevo, Zhovtnevoy revolutionsі Hromadyanskoy Vіyny Poezіya Sribny Vіku is going through a crisis.

Mova A. Bloku "About the recognition of the poet" (11 fierce 1921), which he voiced in the election for the last 84 children of A. Pushkin's death, became the final chord of the capital city.

Characteristics of the literary XIX - the ear of the XX century.

Let's take a look at the peculiarities of the poetry of the Middle Ages. In the first place, one of the main figures in the literature of that hour was of great interest to other topics: the humor of life near the specialness of all people in the whole country, the mysteries of the national character, people and nature. Literature in the end of the 19th century the old is more and more philosophical: the author reveals those wars, revolutions, and special tragedies of people who have lost their light and inner harmony into the force of the circumstances. Writers and poets have a new, bright, extraordinary, funny and often unpredictable hero, for the first time all the neglect and amusement. Most robots have a strong respect to come to that very thing, as a sub'ct through the prism of his own witness to a tragic suspense story. In a different way, the peculiarity of the poetry and prose became an intense shake of the original artistic forms, as well as the development of some ideas and emotions. The shape and form of the rim are shaped with a particularly important role. A lot of authors were seen in the classic presentation of the text and the wine was passed by new priyomi, for example, V. Mayakovsky opened his famous "Drabinka". It was not often authoritative for reaching a special efect vikoristovyvayut the most and the most recent anomalies, fragmentariness, alogism and navit allowed

Thirdly, the singers of the capital of the Russian poetry were vigorously experimenting with the artistic possibilities of words. Pragmatic visibility folds, often super-verbose, "flying" sincere insults, the author began to be posed in a new way to the word, reeling from their voices to convey the latest messages. The standard, stereotyped designation of clear objectival objects: love, evil, family values, morality - began to be replaced by abstract psychological descriptions. Accurate witness gave up the misconception and discontent. Such cunning, cleverness of verbal meaning reached beyond the aid of yaskravich metaphors, as they often began to be based not on the obvious similarity of objects or appearances, but on unobvious signs.

On a fourth, it is characterized by new ways of transmitting thoughts and feelings of the lyrical hero of the poet's poetry. The last of the authors began to appear in the collection of images, motives in other cultures, as well as in explicit quotations. For example, a lot of artists included words in their creation of the stage from walnuts, roman and trochies of words, myths and re-expressions. In the works of M. Tsvєtaєvoi and V. Bryusov, the mythology is victorious to induce universal psychological models, human specialty, Zokrem її spiritual warehouse. Kozhen sings of the Middle Ages yaskravo indivdualny. You can easily understand who should be with them. If all the stinks are magical, create more perceptive, lively, turn off the farb, but be a reader, see the word and row for the skin.

The main directions of the travel of the capital city. symbolism

Writers and singers, opposing themselves to realism, voiced about the establishment of a new, bitter art - modernism. There are three main poets of the capital city: symbolism, acmeism, futurism. The skin of them has little of its own special features. Symbolism with a collection of wine from France is a protest against the obscure representation of reality and dissatisfaction with bourgeois life. The ancestors of this directly, including J. Morsas, respected, if only for help, there was a special stretch - a symbol, it is possible to touch the tamnitsi svitobudovi. In Russia, symbolism appeared on the ear of the 1890s. D. S. Merezhkovsky became the founder of the current cycle, who voted in his book three basic postulates of a new mystery: symbolization, mystical wickedness and "expanded artistic variety".

Older and young symbols

V. Ya. Bryusov, K.D.Balmont, F.K.Sologub, Z.M. Sing. His creativity was often characterized by a sharp range of practicality. the stench imagined real life I’ll be tedious, indulge and bezgluznosti, magayuchis to transmit the latest news of their views.

Period from 1901 to 1904. I signify this new moment of the Russian journey. Vіrshі symbols іstіv permeate the revolutionary spirit and transmittіons of the arriving wines. Young symbols: A. Blok, V. Ivanov, A. Biliy - do not see light, but utopianly reflect this transformation, reflecting divine beauty, love and life, as it is necessary to change the action. The very appearance on the literary arena of young symbolism in the literature will enter the understanding of the symbol. Sing rosumyut yogo yak a richly aspectful word, which brings the light of "heaven", spiritual day and at the same hour "earthly kingdom".

Symbolism in the rock of the revolution

The train of the Russian Sribny Vіku in 1905-1907 rr. zaznaє zmіn. There are a lot of symbols that are used to see in the land of political and suspenseful backgrounds, to look at their glances at light and beauty. Now it’s still a matter of confusion yak to fight chaos. Sing along the lines of a new light, which is to come to the winter of the guinea. V. Ya. Bryusov opening versh "Priydeshni guni", A. Blok - "Barka zhittya", "Chi ruled with temryavi lokhiv ..."

Change and symbolism. Now it’s not to the ancient decline, but to the Russian folklore, and also the words of the Russian mythology. Inspiration of the revolution seeks to separate symbols, on the basis of the protection of the arts from the revolutionary elements and, navpaki, to actively refer to the social struggle. Pislya 1907 r superhends of symbols to pick up for yourself, to come to inherit the mystery of the past. And since 1910, Russian symbolism is going through a crisis, clearly reflecting its inner super-verbalism.

Acmeism in Russian travel

In 1911, N. S. Gumilov organized a literary group - "The Workshop of Poets". Her singers included O. Mandelstam, G. Ivanov and G. Adamovich. The price didn’t directly see the action, but took the reality as it was, as it won’t be the price. "Workshop of Poets" became a vipuskati of their own magazine "Hyperborea", and also create in "Apollo". Akmeizm, which was born as a literary school for a joke on the way to the crisis of symbolism, uniting two of the older ones for the ideological and artistic nastanov poets.

Features of Russian futurism

The Middle Ages in the Russian poetry gave rise to another tsikavia directly under the name "futurism" (Latin Futurum, tobto "maybutnє"). Poshuk of new artistic forms in the works of brothers N. and D. Burlyukov, N. S. Goncharovoy, M. Kulbin, M. V. Matyushin became a change of thought in Russia.

In 1910, the futuristic collection "Sadok of Judges" was in Druk viyshov, in which boules create such most beautiful poets as V. V. Kamensky, V. V. Khlabnikov, brothers Burliuki, E. Guro. Tsi authori have formed the core of the so-called cubo-futurists. V. Mayakovsky came to them. At the chest 1912 rotsi viyshov almanac - "Liapas to the suspense of relish". The verses of cubo-futurists "Bukh Lesin", "Dokhla Misyats", "Reach Parnas", "Zatichka" became the subject of numerical disputes. A lot of stinks were picked up as a way to distribute the reader's calls, but with a great read, a guest appeared to show a novelty to the public and a special social benefit. The anti-aestheticism was transformed into the rejection of the soulless, fragmented beauty, the rudeness of the viraz was transformed into the voice of NATO.

his futurists

Krim cubo-futurism, there were a few leaks, including his futurism, ocholyvatsii I. Northerner. Until now, such singers came, like V.I. Gnazdov, I. V. Ignatiev, K. Olimp and I. The stench smelled a kind of "Petersburg Herald", published magazines and almanacs with the original names: "Nebokopi", "Eagles over the path", "creep Cree" and so on. Among his futurists, there were two groups: "Centrifuge" (B. L. Pasternak, N. N. Asev, S. P. Bobrov) and "Mezzanine Poezii" (R. Ivnev, S. M. Tretyakov, V. G. Sherenevich).

replace visnovka

Srіbniy vіk of the Russian poezіya is not very old, altogether uniting the galaxy of yaskravikh, talented poets. The biographies of them were tragic, even by the will of the lot I brought life and create in such a fatal way for the country, breaking the hour of revolution and chaos revolutionary rock, huge wines, Rise of hope and revival. Bagato poets lost their songs of tragic podias (V. Khlabnikov, A. Blok), richly emigruvalo (K. Balmont, Z. Gippius, I. Severyanin, M. Tsvєtaєva), deyaky rakhunks sounded from the lives, bully rose-stalians in a. All sorts of smells got up to make the magnificent additions to the Russian culture and zbagatiti її with their virazny, yaskravim, original creations.

The Danish synopsis can be vikoristovuvati yak for an overview lesson on the topic "Trains of the Holy Capital", as well as in the form of a repetitive and general lesson from the stasis of group technologies. Tsey lesson allows you to repeat and publicize knowledge on those, developing creative healthі the natural relish of scholars, їх pre-day tricks and prizes in the group.

Zavantazhiti:


Front view:

Literary lesson in grade 11
(From the design technologies)

I spent

teacher of Russian language

Literatury Zhagrova V.V.

tsіlі:

  • to repeat and publicize knowledge on the theme of the "Travel of the Holy Capital": to see the particularities of the greatest literary directly, as to become the journey of Russian modernism - symbolism, akmeizm, futurism and imagination; vis-à-vis the zagalny art principle;
  • development of creative health and relish of scientists, їх pre-slіdnіtsіkі navichki, vіnnya pratsyuvati in the group;
  • Welcome to the homework of children.

Go to lesson.

Introduce the word of the reader.

Срібный вік ... The same word is associated with associating in our testimonials for making us beautiful. Trains for a period of time for its sutta as a bi melody of words, in a free sound order.

Sered lights, in the least light

With one star, I repeat іm'ya ...

Chi is not the right one, but I Її kohav,

And to that, I am tormented with the others.

It’s important to me in sum,

I am at Her only whimpering about,

Chi is not the same, as there is light from her,

And to that, she doesn't need light.

Inokenty Annenskiy ... Beast to respect, very much, figuratively, philosophically!

However, Srіbny vіk, on vіdminu vіd Pushkin era, Called in Russian literature "golden wick", there can be no names that are only one - let them know the great ones; It’s rather difficult for a poet to lead to the creativity of one or two words. This is the peculiarity of this period, that they lived and created singing in New Years, which represent a rich literary trend, which promotes the development of poetry. The skin of them was transformed into an over-the-top music of the verse, the original verse of the sentiment and experience of the lyrical hero, straightened into the maybut.

Years at the lesson about such a phenomenon in Russian literature, like modernism. We talked about a lot of new things and in detail and on a seasonal basis as well as a bag. The result of our days was a book about Russian modernism, the 19th century - the ear of the 20th century, put together by us based on the materials of literature, our knowledge, relish, likeness.

Today we have asked you to visit our Literary Salon for the presentation of the book.The master of the salon is Valeva Olena. Їth word.

Veducha:

  • The boss, like they put before them, flipping the book, - to look at the special features of the most literary straightforward, as to become the poetry of Russian modernism - symbolism, acmeism, futurism and imaginism; the visibility of the zagalny art principle; try to do it I'll put in a picture Poetic epochs, called Sribny stolitty, without which to finish it smoothly rozibratis in the vicinity of the manifestations.
  • The book was folded with spilny zusillas. The groups of “symbolic”, “akmeist”, “futurist” and “imaginative”, like, having instilled literary knowledge dzherela, tried to put down a short note about the literary direct, name and name poets, as they represent them in a poetic manner. At the same time, a group of artists was praising, they picked up the works of artists and composers of the Holy Table for decoration.
  • see the book Zagalna characteristic understanding "modernism"

side 1

Modernism.

The term "modernism" in the French translation means new, contemporary, and in a wide sense, it is the home of the cognitive manifestations of the art and literature of the 20th century, which came from the traditions of the name of the world.

The term "modernism" is accurately conveyed to the foundation in the literature of the Middle Ages the idea of ​​the stem new literature joining “in the system of uniquely independent artistic direct and flowing, which is characterized by the perception of disharmony in the light, the development of realism according to traditions, rebellious-disingenuous children who are overwhelmed by the motives of their own and sub'-active associations. The modernity of the modernity, the modernity, the glamor of the "divine world of being in the lives of artists only".

Symbolism, acmeism, futurism, imaginism are the main trends in modernism.

side 2

symbolism

Providna. The upcoming side of the book is assigned to the most large literary strait from 19 to the ear of the 20th century to symbolism.Symbolism (in Greek. Symbolon - sign, symbol) - directly in the European art of 1870-1910 years; one of the modernist trends in the Russian travels at the turn of the 19th-20th century. It is important to sense the meaning and ideas, obscure, often vitreous, sentiments and visions.

The very word "symbol" in the traditional poetry means "richly meaningful narrative", that is, a poetic image, which turns the essence of something like a phenomenon; in the poetry of symbolism, the transmission of individual, often simultaneous manifestation of the poet is conveyed.

For poetics, symbolism is characterized by:

  • transfer of the hardest times of the soul;
  • maximally victorious sound and rhythmic recordings of the poetry;
  • vishukana imagery, musicality and lightness of style,
  • poetics at a stretch and narration;
  • symbolic reminder of servant words;
  • placing up to the word yak to cipher what spiritual secret writing;
  • discomfort, prikhovani sense;
  • pragnennya to create a picture of ideal light;
  • estetization of death yak a spike on the cob;
  • elite, orientation, to the reader, the author, the creator

Symbolism is not a uniform manifestation, it is stringent and utterly verbose. Winning in his ranks poets, who were met by the hour of the most childish glances. Literary knowledge has adopted the development of "senior" and "young" symbols.

"Older symbols"

"Mladosymbolistov"

Peterburzka group

Moskovska group

representatives

D. Merezhkovsky

Z. Gippius

F. Sologub

І. Annensky

V. Bryusov

K. Balmont

A. Blok

A. Biliy

V. Ivanov

Ellis

theorists

D. Merezhkovsky

V. Bryusov

V. Solovyov

statti

D. Merezhkovsky "About the cause of the fall and about new developments in the current Russian literature»

V. Bryusov "Klyuchi tamnits";

K. Balmont "Elementary words about symbolic travel"

A. Biliy "About relіgіynі experiences"

magazines

"Pivnichny Visnik"

Terezi Apollo

The interconnection between the “older” and the “young” symbols is not styled by virtue of the fact, but through the growth of lightness and directness of creativity.

“Elders of Symbols” were not put in place of the establishment of systems of symbols; the stench of a great world of ephemeral decadenti, impressions, as they pushed to convey the same kind of moods, the ruins of the soul. The step-by-step word yak nosy senseu for symbols has lost the price. Vono the value of tilka yak sound, musical note, yak lanka in the out-of-the-way musical inducement has come up.

"Mladosymbolistov" spiraling into the opening ceremony of the philosopher-idealist and poet Vl. Solovyov, having lost the idea of ​​Plato about "dvoemіrіі". Solovyov prophesying the end of the light, if having loaded the people into the picture, it will be hidden and brought up to a new life as a divine ear - "Holy Soul" (won "Vichna Life."

  • One of the initiators of Russian symbolismBuv Dmytro Sergiyovich Merezhkovsky

D.S. Merezhkovsky Bouv is one of the founders of Russian symbolism. Scho viyshov in 1892 a poetry collection "Symbols" was created in St. Petersburg in 1892, giving it to the nascent Russian poetry. Ale, developing the main for the symbolism of the motives of the innocent self-reliance of the people in society, the fatal split of the specialness and proclaiming beauty, "yaka ryatu svit" He did not accept the revolution, since 1920 he has lived in emigration.

Naybilsh yaskravim virshem, how I visualize the poet's svitovidchuttya, vvazhay virsh"That will not be."

  • One of the representatives of the Moscow Group of Senior Symbols of the BuvKostyantin Dmitrovich Balmont

In the end of the XIX - the ear of the XX century K.D. Balmont will not find the middle Russian poets. In those early revolts, sensitive motives of huge grief and self-righteousness, which came to fruition in the face of the popular journey. Slid for cim win, having played yak one of the earliest representatives of symbolism. In addition, Balmont is seen as a kind of transcription and extraordinary mandrel: he has been on all continents.

In 1920 he sings with hunger and ailments, singing to France. All backsliding and napivbozhevilny, Vin died in front of Paris.

"Dzvin"

  • I, very well, rozmova about symbolism buv bi incomprehensiblewithout Oleksandr Oleksandrovich Bloku.

Oleksandr Oleksandrovich Blok is one of the symbols of the vocabulary of life as a poet of national and national significance. In the Russian Poetry, Vin has taken up his place as a representative of Symbolism, albeit in general, signifi- cantly overstepped the framework of the Canon literary directly, Significantly expandable yogo, however, when tsomu not ruinuchi.

The romanticism of the mature Blok is not less than anything special with the sub'activism of his youthful lyricism, which is well-known in "Virsha about the Beautiful Lady", as well as the demonic image of Dunno.

Bringing Blok into the Russian poetry is superbly great. In his creative work, all the most recent trends of the Russian poetry of the pre-new period have come to an end.

"I convey to you ..."

side 3

acmeism

Providna. Dal in our book on the next article about the direction, shaped like a reaction to extreme symbolism - acmeism.Acmeism (in Greek Acme - vishy step something, something, development, maturity, summit, vistrya) - one of the modern trends in the Russian history of the 1910s, which was formed as a reaction to extreme symbolism.

The main principle of acmeism:

** The zealous journey from the symbolic invocations to the ideal, the turning of the clarity;

** vidma from mystical nebula, accepting the earthly light in yo riznomanitti, visible concreteness, sonority, barvism;

** pragnennya nadati to the singing word, more precisely meaning;

subject and clarity of images, vitality of details;

** brutalization to the people, to the "fairness" of yogo sentiments;

a roll call with past literary epochs, the most aesthetic associations, "tough for the culture of the world."

  • One of the forefathers in acmeism of the bookMikola Stepanovich Gumilov

NS. Gumilov - sings, prose writer, playwright, critic, one of the masterpieces of acmeism, the book "Poet's Workshop". For yogo travel is characterized by a craving for exoticism, poetry of history, addiction to yaskravikh farbs, pragmatic to compositional readiness.

In his youth, Gumilov went up in price a lot. Cholovik Anni Akhmatova, in 1914 volunteered for the front; nagorozheniy two houses St. George's chrests. In 1921 there were cases of arrests for unauthorized incidents and executions as a participant in the counterrevolutionary snake."On the road"

  • Narіvnі with cholovіkami in the poetry of Russian modernism, sounding the voice of a woman... Anna Andriyivna AkhmatovaShe had her creative work in the framework of akmeizmu, she became a great national poet in a fair way.

Lyrica A. A. Akhmatovoy went into the Russian journey with a stream of great respect. The purity of the movement, the timeliness of the poetic tone, the simplicity, the more superbly varied images, reminiscent of the great lyrical verses a psychologist... The style of singing yak bi fused in its own tradition of the classics and the novelty of the Russian poetry, and the witness of the era, the experience of the coming days, the jokes of his own music in them were posed to Akhmatal by the great, fair reference.

"Stiffened hands in a dark veil"

  • The upcoming part of our book is assigned toOsip Mandelstam.

O. E. Mandelstam - sings, prose, essayist; having added to acmeism from the first crocs of the cycle of literature. The philosophical glybin is characteristic of the yogo journey. outburst of interest to history. Mandelstam is a shining master of the poetic word. Yogo vіrshі are borderline short, filled with historical and literary associations, musical variations and rhythmically evolving.

The song of the revolution sings in a deed with a friend. In 1934, there were a number of bids for making decisions and directions for sending. In 1938, they made their way to a camp near Vladivostok.

"For the grimace, the valor of the present capital"

Providna. Be it a modernist trend in mystery, it has become a modernist movement in the old days of norms, canons, traditions. However, in the edge extremist straightness in the whole plan, futurism is evolving.

side 4

Futurism.

Futurism (in Latin Futurum - maybutnє) - zagalna name avant-garde artists of the 1910s - the ear of the 1920s of the 20th century for everything in Italy and Russia.

The main signs of futurism:

  • rebelliousness, anarchy svitoglyadu, viraz of mass sentiments of NATO;
  • zaprechenya cultural traditions, try to set the mystery, straightened in the maybutn;
  • a revolt of the opposing norms of virsovanoy movi, experimentation in the field of rhythm, rimi, an introduction to usniy versh, extinguished, a poster;
  • the jokes of the open “self-willed” word, experimentation with the stem of the “foul” move;
  • cult of technology, industrial places;
  • pathos epatazu.

cubo-futurism

"Gilea"

his futurism

"Mezzanine Poetry"

"Centrifuge"

representatives

David Burliuk, Vasyl Kamensky, Velimir Khlabnikov, Oleksiy Kruchenikh, Volodymyr Mayakovsky

Igor Severyanin, Vasilisk Gnedov, Ivan Ignatiev

Rurik Ivnev, Sergiy Tretyakov, Kostyantin Bolshakov

Mikola Asєєv, Boris Pasternak, Semyon Kirsanov

statti

"Liapas to the suspenseful relish"

"The Tablets of His Poems"

S. Bobrov

"Russian purism"

magazines

Poetic collection "Sadok Suddiv"

Almanacs "Vernissage", "Benket pid the hour of the plague", "Crematorium development"

Zbirnik "Rukogon"
  • "Gilea" is a Persha futuristic group. The stinks also called themselves "cubo-futuresti" or "Bulyane" (I will name it after pronouncing Khlabnikov). Rokom її fell asleep in 1908, as the main warehouse was opened in 1909 1910. David Burliuk, Vasil Kamensky, Velimir Hlєbnіkov, Olexiy torsion Volodymyr Mayakovsky became predstavnikami naybіlsh radical wing rosіyskoї lіteraturnoї Futurism, yaky vіdrіznyavsya revolyutsіynim rebellion against bourgeois opozitsіynoї nalashtovanіstyu suspіlstva, Yogo moralі, estetichnih smakіv, vsієї sistemi suspіlnih vіdnosin.

Volodymyr Mayakovsky

VV Mayakovsky is one of the leaders in cubo-futurism and Russian avant-garde art. You have a vinyatka role in the Russian story of the 20th century. Sings has invaded the traditional system of virshuvannya, greatly reworking її. The verse of Mayakovsky is based not on the music of the rhythm, but on the voice of the word, on the іntonatsіyu. The number of warehouses in a row has lost the role of rimi in the first steps of the highest importance, the role of rimi has grown, and the growing character of the change has been rapidly manifested. Tse buv principled noviy krok in the development of the Russian travel.

The revolution in which changed Mayakovsky's glance at the supportive role of the artist. At the beginning of the period of creativity, in the minds of futurism. The poet's share was tragic: not far from the surroundings in the struggle of literary groups and in a special life, they led him to suicide.

"Hear"

  • On the vidmіnu vіd cubo-futurism, what a virіs from the creative spіvdruzhnostі odnokhodstіv, his futurіzm buv indivіalny vіkhodov poet Igor Severyanіn. It’s not a matter of concrete creative programs, but the sound of his own futurism bouly:

1.soul is one of the only truths;

2. self-determination of specialness;

3. humor of the new without rejecting the old;

4. comprehension of neologisms;

5.smіlivі images, іnіteti, asonance and dissonance;

6. Fight against stereotypes and headpieces.

It can be seen that there are no theoretical innovations given the "program" to take revenge. With them, the Severyanin will actually sound like a single and unique poetic singularity.

A northerner became one of his futurists, who became a successor in the history of the Russian journey. Yogo vіrshі were transformed into a soundness, sonority and lightness. Vін vіrtuozno volodіv word. Rimi yogo bouly superbly svіzhі, smіlivі, and wonderfully harmonious.

Igor Severyanin

Igor Severyanin is the pseudonym of Igor Vasilovich Lotarev. Already the first books have secured the glory of the Severyanin as a salon poet. Bagato yogo vіrshіv became manіrnіstu; an overwhelming predilection for neologisms and earthy vocabulary brought the poet to the brink of ness. At the same hour, the Severians lay down a number of creations, for some characteristic barvism, variability and melody of poetry movement, folding rimming, the manifestation of original transformed forms.

In 1918, he sings rock music after being in Estonia and after the establishment of the bourgeois republic there, appearing in emigration. The drama of being separated from Batkivshchyna is clearly seen in the middle of the years... "If at night"

  • In the "mezzanine of poets" there are no great values, similar to the Mayakovsky, but to the Khlebnikovs, who are quick to reach the same participants, I want to self-serve the theoretical base of their group. .O'єdnannya rose in the end of 1913 to rock.
  • The Moscow futuristic group "Centrifuga" was established in 1914 in modern rock. The main feature in the theory and artistic practice of the participants of "Centrifuges" is that, when prompted by the lyrical creature, the center of respect for the word like this has been shifted to the antonic-rhythmic and syntactic structures. In his creativity, futuristic experimentation was organically applied and based on tradition, artistic creativity the next generation.

Boris Pasternak

One of the most famous representatives of the "Centrifuge" є BL Pasternak. The twists and turns of the poetical style of Pasternak lie in the modern literature of the 20th century, in aesthetic empathy.

Early yogo folds in form, densely filled with metaphors. Already in them one can see the freshness of the skin, the thickness and the glybin. With the rocks Pasternak sounds like a loving sub-activity of images and associations. If we stay philosophical and work hard, we will know all the more insight, the classic clarity.

"Luti"

"Svіcha gorіla" (romance)

Providna. The rest of the boring school in the Russian journey of the 20th century bouv imazhinizm.

side 5

іmazhinizm

Іmazhinizm (from FR. І Eng. Image - image) is a literary-mystetic trend, which has been celebrated in Russia in the first revolution of rock based on the literary practice of futurism.

The main signs of the art:

  • the supremacy of "the image of such a yak"; the image is the most out-of-the-box category;
  • creativity is poetic є the process of developing movi through a metaphor;
  • ;
  • poetic zmіst є evolution to the image and the taste of the most primitive image;
  • the text, which is a simple, clear zmist, cannot be introduced before the galuze of the trip, as it is the visitor who has a better ideological function; virsh zh maє is a "catalog of images", however, it is read from the ear to the end.

Іmazhinizm bv the last sensational school in the Russian journey of the 20th century. One of the organizers and the known leader of the group is V. Shershenevich, who started as a futurist, the abundance of poetry and theoretical experiments of Shershenevich from the ideas of F. Marinett and V. Mines and creative shukans. The mazhinists inherited the futuristic epatage of the public, but for a long time already not new "zuhvalosti" wore theatrical-new, if not secondarily, character.

  • Bagato was injected into the development of the current, poetical creativity Sergia Asenina , Yakiy entering the kitchen ob'єdnannya.

SA Esenin is the head of his creativity, respecting the "lyrical feeling" and "imagery". Dzherelo-shaped misinformation of vin bachiv in folklore, folk mov. The whole metaphor of Asenin is inspired by the mutual relations of people and nature. The beauty of yogo vіrshі yaskravo represented the spiritual beauty of the Russian people. Naytonshiy lyric, a charm of the Russian landscape, Asenin buv completely chuiny to earthly farbs, sounds and smells.

As a result of the revolution in the wild and low Yesenin lyricism, there is a new "roving-roving" rice, bringing it closer to the images.

The part of the poet was tragic. In the country of depression, he ended his life by suicide.

"We are now available to giblets ..."

teacher: We zapped the rest of the book, Alerozmova about the poetry of modernism is not finished at all. We have already said that the particularity of this period is in the way in which they lived and sang, often diametrically opposed to their artistic passions and creative shukans. The odd stench obscured the fierce polemic, smelled different ways osagnennya buttya. In a cafe with colorful names "Stray Dog", "Rozheviy Likhtar", "Stylo Pegasa", representatives of the latest trends fell one on one with criticism, leading to their ability to deprive themselves of their own direct, their own in the crest of the new mystery. I will propose to you the organizuvati such discussion.

Discussion.

acmeisti:

I am good for you, since the generation of symbols has evolved from the brightest people, they have sensed the culture of the world in the ocean, as they have lost their cultural decline The government of the land, however, the vimoga of obov'yazkovoi mystique, the openness of the tamnitsa called for the loss of authenticity of the poetry. And the drowning in the musical basis of the verse called to the point of the poetry, relieved of any logical sense.

symbols:

- Mi vvazhaєmo, so the poetics of the association, natyakiv, as require deciphering, reception and comprehension artistic details Yes, send robots and ask the reader. And the maximal sound and rhythmic recording of the poetry, the musicality and lightness of the style add to the common people themselves, or to find the tragic speeches of writing with a vivid imagery.

With the help of this, you can serve virsh Blok"Dvchina slept in the church choir",written in the crescent of 1905 to rock, if it ended Russian-Japanese Viyna... Spіv dіvchini and chorus - tse a prayer about those who have gone from the native lane, about those who have left for a foreign country. And in all of the prayers and spiritual admission - summaries, disagreements, tragic tragedy, denunciations in a stretch on the tragic for Russia result of breaking 1905 to the fate:"The clerical tamnits", to know in advance, the visitor; "Visoko, at the royal gates ... the child was crying" - the Savior-child in the arms of the Mother of God.So, for an hour, it’s important to "decipher" the symbols of the virshi, ale yak tse sound beautiful!

The futurists are so excited about nothing! Sutsilny "Drok Blvd Shchil ..."!

futurists:

It’s not true, I’ll read only one stanza from Mayakovsky, and if you change again, we’ll talk about it.

I want to be the intelligence of my land,

And why I won’t be smart, well,

For the native land I will go by the side,

Yak pass oblique boards.

And I vazhayu, that Asenin's poetry is intellectual, in all his verses there are no philosophical thoughts: no philosophy of love, no philosophy of nature!

іmaginіsty:

- Then є the same love, gliboke, wider! The very nature. He tells us about ourselves, about our simple, natural sentiments, and that є one of the popularly loved singing at a time, through more than a week.

Urivok "Asenina spivayut"

(To sound the song "Above the end of the month")

Schob finish tsyu superechka, give a word to Marina Kuznatsov. Vona spent a little to a robot: The creativity of the symbolism to the Bloc and the art of Asenin was matched. How many visitors did you come?

Doslidzhennya Kuznotsovo M.

Visnovki, delivery of pidsumkiv.

Vidomy literary M. Gasparov in his robot "The poetics of the" capital of the capital "rightly respects, but" modernism is not an ordinary rank to the Russian poetry of the 20th century. Virshi modernist has become a small part, an exotic little bit of our modern literature. " Protest, if we talk about the phenomenon, named "The Trains of the Holy Capital", then rely on respect to the Persha of the Russian modernism, and become the head rank of the best poetry directly - symbolism, akmaism

They are unimportant on the significant and internal super-fluxes, the skin from them gave the least of the great names and miraculous verses, as if to get lost in the pet shop of the Russian middles of the generation and the knowledge of their future generations.

Conclude the word.

Laconic bouv Srіbny vіk. Styles and loose. The biographies of all the creators of the poetic miracle were tragic. The hour, when it came to me, was fatal. Ale, yak vidomo, "if you don't vibrate, you live and die in them." The poets of the Holy Capital brought the citizens to the bottom of the bowl: chaos and lawlessness of revolutionary rock and colossal war, knowing the spiritual basis of their understanding.

Blok, Khlabnikov, Bryusov went out of their lives without a break from the revolution.

Bagato emigruvali, unable to blame the life in an unvaccinated fatherland, became one mite a machukha: Merezhkovsky, Gippius, Bunin, Vyach. Ivanov, Balmont, Adamovich, Burliuk, Khodasevich, Sasha Chorniy, Severyanin, Tsvєtaєva and a lot of them. Most of them have lived a surplus of life beyond the cordon, many of them will turn to Russia.

If I want it, it would have become for them, I will not be able to summarize, but also the share of Tsvєtaєvoi, yaka, imposed on herself the idea of ​​turning to Batkivshchyna. Asenin і Mayakovsky called her beauty from her life.

Those, who became imprisoned in Russia, were degraded by the totalitarian regime: Razstrilany for unauthorized incidents of Gumilov; died in the Stalinist camps Klyuv, Mandelstam, Narbut, Livshits, Klichkov, Vvedensky, Kharms.

Tі w, hto vtsіlіv at the tsіy meat grinder, bouly prirechenі for moving. And the poets, as they were victorious with the new ruler, also checked the unenviable literary share: for Mayakovsky, Kamensky, Gorodetsky, the won turned into a second talent and a second creative individuality.

The deyakis sued themselves to the point of moving, having gone through the revolution in the first galuzy literary, engaging in journalism, prose, drama, and translation. Bagato s name on dovgі rocky bouly vіddanі zabuttyu. Ale "it is impossible to pass on the ground without traces." The phenomenon of culture under the name "Srіbniy vіk" has turned to us among the top creators, for this reason more often than not, how only beauty can vryatuvati light.

To sound the song "Nostalgia"

at Viconanna I. Talkova


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