Pushkinska epoch. Ale living talent, immortal geniy

Shindin A.N.

Abstract to the lesson of literature 10th grade

Theme.The originality of the Pushkin era. stages of creativity

Ale living talent, immortal genіy!

F.N. Glinka

tsіlі: learn from the lives and creativity of A.S. Pushkina; open up the freedom of the Pushkin era.

zavdannya:

coverage: pratsyuvati over the vivid readings of the verses; renderedto work on the basis of the robotics' tips and tricks over the analysis of the lyrictext.

developing: take the development of a monologue movement (in the name of literary topic); to receive the development of the varied reading of the lyrical and artistic works of O.S. Pushkin; take the development of creative initiatives; development of memory and uyav.

vikhovu : vikhovuvati are such qualities, such as sitting, praiseworthiness, independence; vihovuvati and development of communal culture; vihovuvati is positively placed to the primary efficiency.

ustatkuvannya:

- portrait of A.S. Pushkina; books about your life; vislovlyuvannya yogo suchasnik_v about new; presentation.

plan:

Introductory word (0.5 min.)

Reconstruction of the home staff (8 min.)

Repetition of vivchen (5 min.)

Virazne reading of virshiv (12 min.)

Pidsumok lesson (3 min.)

Homework (1 min.)

literature: Pidruchnik z litteraturi 10 class in 2 hours Part 1 pid ed. V. Ya. Korovina M 2011 r

G.A. Gukovskiy "Pushkin and Russian romantics" M., 1965

Lotman Yu.M. A.S. Pushkin. Doslіdzhennyaі statty. - M., 1996

Mann Yu.V. Poetics of Russian romanticism. - M., 1976

golesson

Organizational moment (1 min.)

Greet, lads! Go ahead. Write down the number, the topic of the lesson and the epigraph.

Introductory word (2 minutes)

Hello, this year's with you I know the vision of Pushkin. What do I know? With Pushkin's mi znayomi from dynasty. Yogo creativity supravodzhu us all life, to that there is no such vital and important food, which we did not know would be seen in yogo verses. Pushkin is the only one for all, a little skinny can be called "my Pushkin" and the best way to add to the poet.

Perevirka homework (7 min.)

News about the period of the Russian literature of the 19th century

Iperiod (1801-1825)

IIperiod (1826-1842) literature of the 30s

IIIperiod (1842-1855)

IVperiod (1855-1868)

Vperiod (1869-1881)

VIperiod (1882-1895)

Viiperiod (1895-1904)

News about the main topics and problems of the 19th century literature.

Repetition of vivchen (7 min.)

Nutrition negotiation

Do you know about the era in which A.S. Pushkin?

Yaki create A.S. Do you know Pushkina?

Who are the heads of those Pushkin lyrics?

The main motives permeate the creativity of A.S. Pushkina?

Robot over literary understand (8 min.)

lyrica - a series of literature, which depicts life beyond the image of the surrounding (single) stanіv, thoughts, pochuttіv, hostility and the experience of people who wicked with these chi іnshih surroundings. Feeling, I can’t describe the experience, but bend around. The characteristic features of the lyrics are the form, rhythm, vividness of the storyline, small size, more clearly visualized the experience of the lyrical hero. The word "lyrica" ​​is a walnuts, ale not directly translated. At the Ancient Greece create To visualize the inner light of feeling and experience, they showed up on the accompaniment of the lyric, so the word "lyrica" ​​appeared.

Term The lyrical hero viv Tinyanov is one hundred percent lyric to Blok.

Elegia -(Latin Elegia іd Greek. Elegos wicked naspіv flute) - a genre of lyricism, which describes the summery, overshadowed by any mood, the summery thought, sings about the shyly flowing life, about the loss of life with the close people, about those people , how joy and sadness are intertwined in the hearts of people ... in Russia, the development of the whole lyrical genre is carried to the ear of the 19th century:elegii wrote K. Batyushkov, V. Zhukovsky,, , M. Nekrasov, A. Fet; in the XX century - V. Bryusov, I Annensky, A. Blok і ін.

plot - those podії, vypadki, dії, I will become in their causal-chronological after-events, which are combined and made out by the author inon the basis of regularities, the author is used to develop images of images.

VI . The reader's word about the writer (8 minutes)

Oleksandr Sergiyovich Pushkin is a very special place in the culture of Russia.The great Russian national sings, prose writer,... Yogo creativity has become the entanglement of willfulness, patriotism and mighty creative forces of the Russian people.

A.S. Pushkin was born 6 worms (26 herb in the old style) 1799 rock in Moscow. Batko yogo, Sergiy Lvovich (1771 -1848), lying down to the old-fashioned, ally old noble family. Sered yogo known buto rich writers, and yogo's brother Vasil Lvovich, becoming vidomim yak sings. Sergiy Lvovich gained fame as a state-of-the-art person, having become overwhelmed with literature and loving declamations from Moliere, Rasin and other French playwrights.

Home vikhovannya Pushkina was very special for the great noble families. Fathers read French books to children and spread them in French. Yogo the first readers of the Russian language, grandma Maria Oleksiyivna, miraculously Volodya Russian language, nanny Arina Rodionivna, uncle Mikita Kozlov, who made the whole life of his life with Pushkin.

First verses of Pushkin dated 1813. For Russia, there will be an hour of patriotic passages from Vichiznyany Vіynі 1812 r, an hour of voluntary moods and striving.

At the lyceum Pushkin wrote about 130 works. The first publication of Pushkin's verse - "To a friend, a poet" - was published in the magazine "Visnik Evropi" in 1814 in the Lycea verses of Pushkin, richly overpowered with creators! Russian and French writers. Winning those genres, motives, images, characteristic of the current literature. The breadth of the poetic look, the versatility of the senses and moods of the poetic ear, the pragmatic to harmony, was already seen in the early verses of Pushkin.

Pislya the end of the lyceum, young Pushkin having entered the state service - in the Collegia of the Zakordonnyh refs. Petersburg "Great Light", having defeated a lot of new enemies: light warnings and intrigues, friendly spirit and love, busy traveling and superheroes about politics. Svitoglyad Pushkina to form in the atmosphere of the Petersburg civilian industry: knowledge of P.Ya. Chaadaev, with the members of the local partnership "Union of Prosperity" N.I. Turgenevim and F.N. Glinkoy, participation in the robotics of the literary and theatrical partnership "Green Lamp" and the Vital partnership of lovers of Russian literature.

Petersburg hostility was found in the "tamnitsya", unpublikuemy poise: "Vilnist" (1817), "Village" (1819), "Until Chaadaev" (1818), "Hurray! Until Russia skache ... "(satire on Oleksandr I), In the same period the song" Ruslan and Lyudmila "was completed, which was conceived in the lyceum. The song of the bull was taken over by readers and critics. Let us limit the singing of the song to the rock in 1820, since he is already singing for the occasion for his willful verses.

In lyricia, the period of the inspiration for the occasion of the meeting had romantic genres: elegyi ("the day was gone ..." about Vishchy Oleg ").

The head of Pushkin's achievement in the period of his early misdirection is a romantic singing: "Caucasian Poloneny" (1821), "Brothers Rozbiyniki" (1821), "Bakhchisarai Fountain" (1821-1823), "Tsigani" (written down in 1824)

Pushkin has recast Russian romantic poetry. On vidminufrom the elegy romanticism of the 10th rock of the 19th century, the Pushkin's poezia of the bull was crushed by the spirit of rebellion. V romantic poems Pushkina is obviously an infusion of Byron's creativity. We sing the hero of the Pushkinsky - proud, the people are square in the conflict with the new action; lyudin, yak pragne to freedom.

The idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe novel in virshakh "Evgeniy Ongin", a robot over a yak, rested in 1823, being innovative. Pushkin, having a little romantic cleverness of the plots of the "pivdennykh", we sing, whispering a new hero-party, a new style.

Pushkin stems of the miracles of the love lyricism, in which we saw the poet like A. Riznich, K. Sobanskaya, E. Vorontsovoi. Count Vorontsov, in whose order Pushkin was in Odessa, tried to get out of it. Please open the policy from the Pushkin's sheets, for revealing the unprotected bends. Pushkin boulevard Pivdenna posilannya ended for a new attribution of the family in the family of Mikhaylovske Pskov province.

The poet Mikhailovskoy had a reference to the poet. From the name of the tsar, the yomu were terribly racked by the atheism and the roasting in the minds of the young. Behind Pushkin is the building of a subordinate glimpse: the police and the church. The terms didn’t mean anything. Sings the buv of liberation of freedom oversubstantiation. From the outset of the world, Pushkina intertwined intensive leafing and friendship with the supporters of the village Trigorskoye P.A. Osipova and daughters.

For the lyric poetry of this period, psychologism is characteristic of vitality (“I remember a wonderful moment ...”, “Burning leaf”, “Vizannya”). Sings the wing in Mikhailovsky realistically create: the central chapter of "Evgeniya Ongina" (III-VI), the historical tragedy "Boris Godunov", in which the image is depicted about the social history and specialties, the people and the Vlad. The philosophical glimpse of the tragedy was not assessed by the participants in Pushkin ahead of their hour.

Pushkin's important problem has given the Decembrists the problem of the nationality of literature. The head of the nationality sings rosum not only as the beast to the folk movement and the themes of the native history, but as the development of the folk psychology, nationally the warehouse of the soul, the peculiarities of the national mentality. Pushkin vvvazhavshi, tsі rice vraznіshe rotate in folklore. Garmati will write down Orina Rodionivna's kazki, go to fairs and write down folk songs, vivchai folklore of the peoples of the world.

From Mikhailovsky Pushkin, having made a sound about the death of Tsar Oleksandr I, about the journey to the Senate Square on the 14th of 1825, the fate of the march over the participants in the insurrection, which was carried out by the new tsar - Mykola I. At Veresna in 1826, there was a wedge to Moscow for a wedding with the tsar.

Rozmov, who changed the share of Pushkin: he was allowed to live in Moscow, and in 1827 he was allowed to live in Petersburg. Mykola I stood in front of the door of Pushkin, stating that it was the 14th breast of 1825, the rock was in Petersburg, then the viyshov was on the Senate square. The new tsar navit took a special interest in being a censor of Pushkin creations. Mikola I opposed Pushkin with directness and readiness for reforms.

Think about the occasion, about the prospects of the new tsaruvannya brought the poet to those of Peter I ("Stansey", in which Garmati they called out to Mykola I: "Have a great grandfather for everyone"; the historical novel "Arap of Peter the Great" young ").

Hours, scho sent for the thunder of the insurrection, bully zhakhlivi. “She needed no less than a dozen rockies, but a man could answer about his total encampment of unwilling and oppressed instinct,” wrote A.I. Herzen at the article "Literature and community thought written on the 14th breast of 1825 to rock". “People are overwhelmed by the sight and mind of the world.” The success rose to the quiet, which was sensitively placed before the Decembrists, and quietly, having taken a conservative point of view, napolyagayuchi on the Evolutionary Way.

Naturally, in order to preserve the foundations of statehood and change the central government, bullets need to come in, often led to the total decimation of vilnosti and smothering confusion. The third revision of the office of the Imperial Greatness was opened for the management of the chief of gendarmes A.Kh. Benckendorff. The stizhennya, rozshuk, pidslukhovuvannya have become wider and legalized. Moscow, behind the spogadas of the priest's contenders, resembled spiguns. A number of agents have been consumed by I people great light, Bully in the middle of the literature.

At taku the atmosphere has turned Pushkin pislya posilannya. Vin did not recognize the suspension - neither Moscow nor St. Petersburg. Sings buv vidirvaniy vid killing people his own generation. A lot of close friends and good friends found themselves in the hard labor holes of Siberia. It is impossible to navigate the name of the bagatokh in a voice.

In the whole hour of poetry, you will know your place and be your true ideals. Pushkin rejoiced in the gratitude of the ring with the Moscow Telegraph magazine, de spіvpratsyuvali young singers, ale іskor, surprised, sings through them. In the center of rock and the public it became a crowd of people. They started to grumble, they read it and chanuvali, and until the end of the ten-year period, it became interesting. The reason for this is that Pushkin has become a realist creation, and the publication is not ready to read. Vyyshovshi on a wide expanse of realistic creativity,singsnot having heard, but having ruined the opening of the reading audience's image, which did not appear in the public's eyes, but they were expecting a repetition of melodies, if they were pissed off.

He sings in new genres, truly innovative create, introducing new heroes, having mastered new ones. Winning in his glance the endless expanse of the native land, delving into the pobut, the race, the psychology, the light of his fellows, the people of the ages and the characters. Everything boomed in talent, imagination, artistic thought, an immeasurable panuval of maliy with the light of the past and the joyful action. Yu. Lotman wrote: "Pushkin pishov on the ground is far ahead of his hour, so the participants began to be happy, as soon as they see them."

In the other half of the 20s of the XIX century. to accept Pushkin's interest in philosophical issues. Create lyrical creativity in genre and style. The price of the program "Sings" (1827), "Sings and NATO" (1828 in some Pushkin razmirkov about the recognition of the poet and poetry about the poet and the power, the poet and the people; "Spogad," Ta marna, the gift of vipadkovy ... ", "Anchar" (all - 1828); "Dorozhn'k skargi", "I wander around the streets of the galaslivikh ...", "Alive in the light of a person ..." (all - 1829).

Boldinska Osin 1830m- a short, ale the most recent period in Pushkin's creativity. For three months of impeccable self-awareness (through cholera quarantines) Pushkin wrote the styles and dissolved them for the next ten years. At Veresnі-zhovtni written "Povisti Bulkіna", the last chapter of "Evgeniya Ongіna"cheskih"Little Tragedies". Near the Boldinskaya Osin Bouly of the Stem "Kazka propriest and foreman of yogo baldi "," History of the village of Goryukhina "close 30 vershiv("Elegya", "Bisi", "Zamlinannya", "Vіrshі storagesat night, sleepless hour "," For the shores of thedistant ... ").

In the robot, over "Evgeniyum Onginim," Pushkin's ruch rose to the "poise of action". "Poisti Bulkina" became the ear of a new, "prose" period of creativity. Philosophical line continued in the creativity of the 30s of the XIX century.

Pushkin constantly perceived the psychological discomfort The unfriendly bully and literary atmosphere at all times. Pushkin’s creations were not too successful (Boris Godunov, “Balkin’s Povisti”), for they weren’t published. The press has retired from Pushkin's ts'kuvannya, inspected by his long-time foe, journalist and writer F.V. Bulgarinim. V the rest of the rock Pushkina's creativity is a tricky one in every single one because of the current literature of a threatening rush.

Contrary to important life and literary circumstances, Pushkin followed his own worship, praying to become the spiritual leader of the Russian sanctified nobility. Think about the links of the three forces: autocracy, the sanctified nobility and the people - they formed the basis of a philosophical and historical concept. The robot over to the "History of Peter" was brought by Pushkin until the hour of Tsar Katerini II. canopy +1833mwin after picking materials about the Pugachovska riot. At the same hour, the unfinished novel "Dubrovsky" was pried over the sieve, in which he first showed the village of the insurrection. At Veresna 1833mPushkin took permission to order in the Volga region and the Urals, in which he took a large piece of material about Pugachov, who witnessed the insurrection.

Druha Boldinska Osin - 1833m- commemorated by the leaves philosophical creations: Povisti "Pikova Lady", Kazok "About Ribak and Ribka", "About the Dead Tsar and Seven Rich", lyrical masterpiece "Autumn".

The two most important facets of creativity in the last rock of Pushkin's life (1834-1836) - philosophical lyric ("It's time, my friend, it's time ...", "I know ..." ) and the novel "Captain's daughter" (1836).

The death of the poet has become the governing body of the great and important “road of the new”. With a special pride, Pushkin vislovy shanuy dumki in his poetic commandment - virshi "I erected a memorial to sob not made by hands ..." (1836).

The situation around Pushkin and this year was getting hotter. Svitski whips and intrigues have close the "last act" of life. June 25, 1837mVіdbulasya duel Pushkіna s Dantes, in yak sings buv mortally wounded. 29 sichnya (10 fierce) one thousand weight one hundred thirty sevenmPushkin died. Thousands of people came to say goodbye to the great poet. On the 11th of the night, 3 fierce trunks from the til of Pushkin, there was a bust of luck from St. Petersburg in Svyataya Gori, Pskov province. 6 fierce poets were buried in the Svyatogirsky Monastery, not far from Mikhaylovsky.

Vii ... Virazne reading of virshiv (12 min.)

Hloptsi, furious to the verges: "Vilnist", "Selo", "Do Chaadaev"

village

I read to you, empty cuckoo,

Peace of mind, good and natural,
Deal with my invisible stream of days
On the bosom of Happiness and Zabuttya.
I am thy: I have passed the vicious courtyard of Circe,
Roskishny bencheti, fun, delusions
To the peaceful noise of dibrov, to the quiet of the fields,
On ice vilna, your friend, think.

I am yours: I love the dark garden
From the cold and the squares,
Tsey meadow, forcing with stock skirts,
De light streams in chagarniki to make noise.
Skryz in front of me crumbled pictures:
There are two lakes here,
De Vіtrilo Ribalki Bіlіє Inodі,
Behind them a number of pagorbiv and nivi dark,
In the distance rosipany hati,
Herds roam on the banks of the river,
Klunі dimni і mlini Krilata;
Skip to prosperity and pratsi ...

I am here, from the daily kaidans of the bells,
Learning in truth, bliss knows
Burn the law with a free soul,
Remembrance does not give at all unreasoning,

Cossacks to show the humble blessings
I do not envy shares
Likhodia il foolishness - in greatness they are wrong.

Oracles stolit, I feed you here!
The solitude of the great
Your inner voice is more sensitive.
In my wife, I have a dream of frown,
Do prats' narodzhu heat in me,
І your creative thoughts
In the soulfulness of glybin.

Ale dumka is zhakhliv here to kill my soulє:
In the midst of quivering lans and gir
I will respect the friend of the people
Skrіz nevіglstva driving hanba.
Do not bachachi sleeps, do not smell a haystack,
On the mouth of the people, a share was taken,
herelordship wild, without feeling, without the law,
Assigned to them by the rapist vine
First time, і power, і hour of hlіboroba.
Hitting on someone else's plow, subjugating the scourges,
Here slavery is thinner to reach for kermo
An unpleasant vlasnik.
It’s hard for Yarem to pull everything down,
Nadiy and strongness in the soul does not smithe bribes,
Here divi yuni bloom
For the primhi baiduzhoi lokhodiya.
The support of the sweet old fathers,
Minali blue, comrade prats,
Z khatini rіdnoї go to multiply with yourself
Yards of all the tormented slaves.
Oh, how would my voice die in my heart?
So that my breasts can burn without a heat
I was not given a dreadful gift to my share of vitality?
I will give you a word about friends! not oppressed people
I slavery, fell on the tsar's behest,
І over the freedom of happiness
Chi zide nareshty is the dawn beautiful?

Before Chaadaєva

Love, hope, quiet glory
Nedovgo fostered us deception,
Have seen young fun,
Yak sleep, yak rank fog;
Ale in us burn shche bazhannya,
Fatal
Impatient soul
Feel the cry for a moment.
Mi chekaєmo s tomlіnnnyam nadії
The liberties of the saints,
Yak chekaє kohanets molodiy
Khvilini vіrnogo poachennya.
While it is burning with freedom,
Leave your heart for the honor alive,
My friend, vitality is appropriated
Lovely souls!
Tovarish, vir: ziyde vona,
Zirka of adorable happiness,
Russia will rise up in a dream,
І on the ulamkas of self-mastery
Write our names!

Analyze the message "Do Chaadaev" from the point of view of style and quilting, as a special theme will be similar to the community.

VIII ... Pidsumok lesson (3 min.)

Hello, on the offensive level you will continue to talk about the life and creativity of A.S. Pushkina.

Who has Pushkin's merits? Merits of Pushkin grandiose:

The reformer of all genres of the vital literature

Worth the round of turns in the journey of the golden capital

Nadav a colossal inflow on all spheres of the Russian art

Central figure of Russian culture

What genres panuvali in the lyric of Pushkin in the development of the rock of lycea creativity? Chim stench characterized?

IX ... Homework (1 min.)

Vivchit reminds one of the verses, written in the period of the previous message.

Already in the early days of the king, the literature expanded significantly, for the king of Mykoly Pershoi, writers appeared in our country, as for their significance and talent they became popular with the smallest European writers. Russian literature is growing in the Western Europe and it’s scratching the spot. At the distribution of writers of the era of the era, Varto is the genial artist of the word, from all Russia Pushkin. Winning by Batkov was like from the old noble family; Yogo's ancestors more than once blamed for their service to the Moscow sovereigns; mother of the poet Bula is the granddaughter of the arap Peter the great Hannibal.

Pushkin was born in Moscow 26 May 1799 rock; his dignity passed partly in the capital, partly in the Moscow masters of Pushkin. Vykhovuvsya win, like and a lot of noble children of that hour, on the way to the core of the earth's wannabes.

Great inflow to the development in new love until all Russian and national life was given by his nanny, a simple Russian villager Arina Rodionivna, who didn’t expect her soul. Vaughn told youmu folk Kazakhs and conveyed the folk songs and rewrites.

So even in his early childhood he sings a moment to learn about folk art, and helped him become the first truly national Russian poet. Krim nyan is a great pouring into Pushkina of a little yogo grandmother; In the evenings, I often heard messages about the past: about Peter the Great and Empress Katherine. The rozpovidi babusi awakened love in the chuy boy until the last, before the old history.

If Pushkin has passed 12 years, the fathers brought him to Tsarskoe Selo near the school. In tsyom initial mortgage sings provіv sіm rockіv. Along with that, having started to see his genius: in 15 years he was reading on his sleep before the famous poet of the Yekaterin's hour to the old Derzhavin, and the old people of hearing from the ears on the eyes and seeing the glory of Russia in the glory of Russia.

After completing the course in the Pushkin Lyceum, there is still life in the city of St. Petersburg, and there is a growing way of life here. Gostriy rozum sings easily, having thought of the shortcomings and weaknesses of the midst of the middle, and Pushkin often does not mess with the blunt word tavruvati їkh, unaffected by the high position of people who are so busy; such messages, and at the same time, in the spoken one, they reached the number of people. Pushkin was surrounded by great disagreements. Ale the sings Zhukovsky and Karamzin interceded for new, and only transfers to the service for the first day in the order of the Novorossiysk governor-general, who accepted him in a superbly affectionate manner, like a daddy, dbav about the singer. With the permission of yogo Pushkin has seen the Caucasus and the Cream. The great nature of the Caucasus and the miracles of the paintings of Krima were celebrated as a poet of unforgettable hostility and served as a drive to the end of the decile of artistic creations.

Hardy because of Chisinau, Pushkin didn’t think about it by his new bosses, and he was punished for the first time to go to life in his family Mikhaylovske (Pskov province, Opochetsky district). Dvorichne perebuvannya in Silskoe samotі is not enough for the poet wholesome heritage: here he was diligently busy himself, reading and writing a number of wonderful creations.

Sheds 1826, before the hour of coronation, he sings the buv of the emperor Mikoly's wickedness to Moscow, and then a miraculous rozmov was placed between them. On the food of the Emperor, chi buv bi vin on the Senate Square 14 breast, iakbi buv tod in Petersburg, Pushkin vіdpovіv, Aleh Dodav, but now it’s a wintry sense of irresponsibility. The Emperor became overwhelmed by the conversation with the poet, and in the evening of that day, speaking to the approach, that this year's wines are pleased to speak with the most intelligent people in Russia.

Pushkin was allowed to live in good condition, and he was given more freedom to create his own.

Pushkin saw the heart of the emperor, and he saw in the house of the emperor:

Ні, I am not a flatterer, if I give the Tsar Praise, I show my heart ...

Gen_y Pushk_na until the whole hour is fully ripened. In writing, create beautiful things, in which you have imagined all the great trends of Russian life with hostile talent; in yaskravikh, living images giving images of Russian people. The especial significance of the verses of Pushkina Polyaga is in the fact that the stench is smothered by the glorious minds of the native life, with love for all Russian. Pushkin knows the road firmly, a great result for us, Russians, and having told them to. The whole result is the people’s mind, shilyannya before the righteousness of our people. Verily, Pushkin's assessment is correct, that he must become a great and superstitious manifestation. In the great, unintelligent creatures, all the hearts of Russia were wandering around, all the people showed themselves to the sight of the people, and until now in their songs, bilins, rekazakhs, everyone was able to love the Shanu people, the tsar was deceived by the hero , images of manhood, humility, love and self-confidence.

Being a vigilant in his creations of the Russian soil, our great sings lively in his head and in the state of power: he was the first to be an opponent of the strong law and in the young rock, writing versh, virgins:

I will defeat the people who are not oppressed, I slavery, fell back by the tsar's mania ...

Pushkin together with Tim Buv was a great poet-patriot. Honor and glory of the Batkivshchyna bully for a new search engine. If the Polish insurrection and Western European misconceptions of Russia began to talk about getting involved in the law, Pushkin threw a stick to tell the “riveters of Russia”. At the same time, he sings to say that the struggle between the Russian and Poles is a homely supercap, which is still part of Russia’s corny. I also want to live in the middle of Russia, so it’s a place near the fields of Russia in the midst of strangers.

On the great sorrow of the Batkivshchyna, Pushkin's creative work broke down early - on the 38th life, since the genius of the great writer had gone to the mainstream. Pushkin zaginuv. The thieves of the yogo sang like that, sings, razdratovannykh naklepnytsky sensitive, but the thieves threw their squads, wailing at the duelings of the Earth's Dantes. At the end of the day, the great sings a fatal wounds and, after suffering two days, 29 September 1837 died. The rest of the years of the dying bully was tied with the sarcastic turbot of the sovereign about the new one. The Emperor asked Pushkin not to worry about the widow and children: "My stink," he wrote to his wife.

The virtue of the great poet gave the postage of the written statement of the Russian literature. Lermontov sings as Pushkin's youngest associate. Win is alive for all 27 years, and, of course, his talent did not immediately manifest itself, altogether, having surpassed us a number of miracles in strength and great creatures. Gogol, a friend of Pushkin, wrote a number of immortal creatures: the comedy "Revizor", I sing "Dead souls" and the story of "Taras Bulba". Chudova got the share of Revizor. At niy Gogol depicting the shortcomings of the current provincial bureaucracy. The theatrical bosses did not allow to put a comedy on the stage. On the right I went to the very emperor. The sovereign, having respectfully read the tse miraculous tvir, not only allowing to put it on the stage, but to navit himself on the first submission of "Revizor". Gogol Bouv for the Maloros campaigns (from the Poltava province). Winning at his creations, he gave richly beautiful pictures of the nature of Little Russia and Little Russia. Ale, love your daddy Malorosiya, Gogol wants to be an all-Russian writer. I wrote for all Russians, which, however, are equally dear to Russian nature, Russian history, Russian life of all times and hours.

At the tsar and the emperor, Mikoli began their literary activity and richly written writers, which became famous for the tsar's sine. Such Turgenyev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Goncharov and a lot of people. Turgenyev, himself a pompous man, who has violated the literary gentry, fought against the law. In his "Notes of the Mislivtsa", he gave a number of indications, depicting people from the village community with gummy rice and destroying them in the suspension to the village parts.

A lot of literature in the capital of Mykoly Pershoi reached the development of the masterpiece: the Emperor himself was a great artist and a master of painting, as well as a lover of great sporuds. Famous Russian artists Bryullov and Ivanov lived at the thirteenth tsar. The Emperor himself picked up rare paintings and statues of both Russian and earthly artists, and commissioned a palace to equip the Winter Palace. At the time of awakening, the most wonderful works of the Russian and European art; there is an open criterion for looking at everything you need. From the іnsh іn the іmperator demand for all vіdomіy with their majestic dimensions, beauty and riches of the Isaac Cathedral near Petersburg, with the construction of the old church on the site, prompted by Peter the Great.

Krim famous paintings and the miracles for an hour by Mykoly the First is also due to the appearance of miraculous creatures in the field of sports and music. Composer Lviv wrote natchnenna music for the national anthem "God Save the Tsar." The words of the whole hymn of bouly were written by the poet Zhukovsky. The most famous composer Glinka, who is the same for Russian music as Pushkin for the Russian poetry, wrote the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila” and “Life for the Tsar”. The rest of the opera is especially fond of Russian people: beauty of miraculous music, wonders of miracles and its own zmist. "Life for the Tsar" is an image of the peasant Susanin with the price of the vile life of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich from the Poles.

All that has been said about the Emperor Mykoly Pavlovich's tsar is to testify about those who are just monarch with a firm character and a strong will, with a heart that is all beautiful, do not shy away from being great re-revolutions, richly chilling for the life of your life; The core of the re-creation of the minds of the Russian life was judged by the viconati of the synovia of the Emperor Oleksandr the Other.

Pushkin is a symbol of Russian culture; German and more mysterious. Udavana simplicity yogo creativity to come to us already in the child with kazakhs. Pushkin supervodzhuzhu skin of a man from a child to a very old age. If you are a lyudin in any occasion, you can know the rows of Pushkin, from the very individual camp of the soul. From childish wastelands to the old wisdom - even the scale of "Pushkin's light" allows one to break up with the "Titans of the Renaissance".

Psychological perception of the special "lightness" of Pushkin and of all the "pushy" epochs may not be harsh to steal, if he wants his heroes to be dysfunctional, at the hour of zhakhlivy. To whom we happily repeat myself following V.F. Odoєvsk " Sonce of the Russian Poetry"; for A.A. Grigor'єvim - " our all "; for F.I. Tyutchev" Russia's first love"; for A.A. Block - " more merrily im'ya»?

Pushkin's "Riddle". Already in the beginning living way, In the thoughts “Vibrani Mystsya with Friends” N.V. Gogol wrote, " Pushkin is a manifestation of the superstition and, perhaps, only the manifestation of the Russian spirit: a tse Russian lyudin in its development, in which wine, it is possible, to appear through two rockets *.

Argue about Pushkina as a manifestation of the history of that culture appeared immediately after his death. June 31, 1837 r editor and journalist A. A. Kraevskiy was busy over the hand in the literary supplement to the uryadovy newspaper "Russian Invalid" short obituary, written by V.F. Odoєvsk. The sound about the death of the poet was repaired with piercing words: “ The dream of our trip is over! Pushkin died... "The head of the censorship committee, Prince MA Dondukov-Korsakov, strictly vimovlyav for tsyu publication. Have a good drunken wine supplying: “ Well, for the black frame navkolo zv_stki about the death of a non-bureaucratic man ... for what honor is it? .. Khiba Pushkin Buv commander, warlord, minister, sovereign cholovik?*

In 1846, the naval critic of the quiet rockies V.G. Bolinsky having completed his cycle of eleven articles assigned to Pushkin. Winning for the first time calling him a "classic" of the Russian literature, so that it is unrepeatable and invincible. The national culture of the new hour was first learned by Pushkin as it was already in history, as it was in its own way that I would learn "antiquity". V.G. Bulinsky zrobiv is the greatest for the hardened Pushkin as a national poet, and he first presented Pushkin's creativity as a way of keeping up with the past, as he wasted the suspensefulness.

Pragmatic generation of the 60-70s. XIX century, Ohoplenie with a spiny-corny dyyalnosti, and called a pushkin's train in the past. The most authoritative critic, idol of the youthful hour D.I. Pisarev in the statti of "Realism" (1865) would mean b nadavatya food about Pushkin zanadto more important value, yake vin can’t mother...»

And in 1880 in Moscow the first monument to Pushkin was opened in Russia. In the course of the huge visits, the state received a mastery of the decline in the Russian culture, perhaps national pride... On the display of the monument to Pushkin F.M. Worthy saying: “ Pushkin is a prophecy and a vkaz_vku ... Pushkin ... great tamnitsyu... The І axes are now without a new tsyu tamnitsyu razgaduє *.

The riddle of all the well-known Pushkin creativity of the Polyagus in the unique and "self" in the Russian culture. Zhoden literator of Russia is not before, nor is Pushkin's writing not similar to the new one. Strokatie and rich cultural svit of the 18th century. putting yak on the same line only in Pushkin's creativity. Ale tsya lisnist on new and ended. "Sleepy" gen_y of the Russian literature will change Lermontov, weary Gogol, we will suffer Dostoevskiy. In 1912, the philosopher V.V. Rozanov, writing about the uniqueness of the poet in the Russian culture, as well as about the one type of Russian spirit: “ Pushkin - is our paradise. vin - Russian literature itself, how could it be a bootie ... *

From the point of view of the history of national self-awareness, the situation is marvelous: a zhodny Russian literator, a zhodny mistress, it is unfortunate to call a spasmodic citizen of the Pushkin spirit and the Pushkin intelligence of Zhizts. And at the same hour, it was clearly seen: from Pushkin, the great Russian culture of the new hour reigned. Tse is the evidence to lie in the depths of the national spirit.

Before us is the mystery of pushkin harmony, divine integrity: its one-hour "fit" into Russian culture at its own hour and all-time and all-time attachment. Not only the historical hour was the beginning of the type of yogi genіya, but yo wіn itself meant the purpose of the era of the Russian culture. Z Pushkina regretted the independence of the Russian literature yak view artistic creativity... Moreover, all spheres of culture are on the cob of the 19th century: architecture, music, painting - wonderfully stand out from the Pushkin's journey in terms of spiritual, mental and creative characteristics, setting up the single style of culture.

Golden Vіk "Russian culture on the cob of the XIX century. a great variety of "pushkinsky" style. This allows us to mentally identify the type of culture at the same time as "pushkinsky epoch", which may lead to the similarity of the Renaissance culture of the European culture.

To understand the "Empire and Freedom" in the self-consciousness of the culture of the Pushkin hour. Vision of the Idea of ​​Freedom creative specialties- characteristic of rice culture of the era of the European Renaissance. Up to the 18th century allowed the emergence of ideas of great creative specialty in Russia. Ale rsuminnya Freedom in the highlighted Russian svidomosty has little of its own peculiarity.

The European Dobu Education ended with a romantic bustle to human sentiments, and all the more special features. With a share of the young "Werther", you, the noble "Rozbeiniks" of Schiller and the useful novels of V. Scott, read the whole literate Europe, including the Russian "read the publication". The philosophical basis of the literary romanticism has been brought to light, the firmness of wealth and freedom of specialness. New values ​​have become the moral foundation: the great "noble" specialness, love, nature.

In the European noble country of Russia, you can also romanticize the high understanding of freedom of specialness. Alle tse romantic svitosprinjyattya little virtual view from the European. The romanticization of the society and the people in Russia was self-aware of their strength of the nation, which was straightened out in the future. The apogee of imperial self-awareness fell on the ear of the XIX century. People of the whole generation said about themselves: “Mi children of the twelfth rock *. And to the ideal of the servant of Russia, the victory of Napoleon was deservedly given the title of "Fellows of the Victory".

The overcoming of Napoleon, as it consolidated Russia in the capacity of the leader of Europe, made it possible to see the best possible empowerment. Two super-articulate understanding "Imperia" and "Svoboda" were confused in the testimony of a Russian nobleman to the moral understandings of "Honor", so that they focused on the unreasonable moral, on the by-word, and not on the legal basis. Ideal vіlnogo service to the welfare of the Vіtchіznja becoming the basis of svіtovіdchuttya in the cultural hour. Pushkin wrote: “Bre- me - unforgettable! The yak beat strongly to the Russian heart at the words “Fatherland"!" For his humanistic straightforwardness, the porch is even close to the Renaissance vision of a newly-vowed, young light, a capable, possible specialness.

Ale, having increased their power in the struggle with Napoleon, the Russian autocracy appeared powerlessly to more beautiful life their children. Did the established nobility have a tse wikkotu, rozcharuvannya and bazhannya? Підштовхнути "Vlad ,? Pidkazati "the sanctified sovereign. The Ridkisna of the era in Russia could boast of such a large number of projects and supplies. The school knows about the projects of P.I. Pestel, N.M. Muravyova. Are you planning to do it? Young Friends ”by Oleksandr I, projects of reforms by M.М. Speransky, N.S. Mordvinova, A.A. Arakcheva, E.F. Kankrina ,? Constitution "M.M. Novosiltsev. A.S. himself Pushkin, having submitted to the district a note with projects for polishing education, annexing a book certificate. Sings P.A. Vyazemsky took the fate of the folded Polish Constitution of 1818 r An active part of the sanctified nobility of the Bull is ready to serve the good of the life not only for the good, but for the peaceful tendencies. Ale the sovereign vlada, the officials of the emperor did not try to sacrifice their monopoly on the redevelopment of activity. The result of a lot of mutual unreasoning was the era of Decembrism. Behind the scenes? Noble ”pleasing to the sanctified nobility and power, as they meant it as the rice of the Russian Education of the 18th century, Bulo was destroyed by the footsteps of 1825. Was Decembrism going to collapse in steps and the decline of culture? Pushkinsky "type.

Pushkin ob'nuvav in sob the imperial and human beginning. The main poles of your creativity: Imperia - Freedom. The empire took over this and naturally as a podolanya to chaos ("Midniy topsychik"), and morally as opposed to a rebellion, blind and merciless "(" Captain's daughter "). For a hundred years, Pushkin's henchmen persecuted and persecuted Freedom, and Freedom's henchmen ruined the Empire.

The role of literature in Pushkin's mind. At the center of the culture of the Renaissance type, there is a lot of people; to that, the glaring basis of such a culture is humanism, that is, the idea of ​​self-esteem of specialness. Spiritual meeting of the young generation of noblemen on the cob XIX cent. formed by a significant infusion of literature.

The development of humanistic ideals goes through the life and creativity of Pushkin, which is due to the purpose of the era of the formation of national self-awareness.

Pushkin wrote his "Boris Godunov" in twenty-five years of age. Having learned about the Russian history behind the help of Karamzin, he won’t be able to change the plot of the story by the male: driving the boy-tsarevich; usurpation of power, the yaka stepped over the roof; the lack of people - and the sound of the boom. As soon as he finished the autumn of 1825 his “Boris *, he himself shouted:“ Gayda Pushkin, oh yes bitch sin * And for whom are there two rockets on the basis of the central plot? Also, by the way, the colony of "Boris Godunov" is a vital topic of the Russian history and share.

The uniqueness of Pushkin creativity for the Russian culture of the field is in the fact that life, death, creativity are a single organic “cultural text”, the stench is nervous. I am not a teacher, I am not a judge of life. Yogo creativity is "the spite of the day". Mixing wine for an hour, ale, satirically - nikoli. The testimony of the "teacher's" and vikhovu role of the literature in Pushkin is completely clear. Creativity, literature came to him as a life, as a dichotomy, and not as a huge obedience and a hard work. Philosopher V.V. Rozanov to guide N.V. Gogol's characteristic dialogue with the servant of the poet:

Having arrived close to noon before Pushkin's booth:

• - Shho, sir, budinku?
• - Sleep.
• - Apparently writing all the nіch?
• - Ні, in the picture engrave ...
• Gogol b writing *,- comments V.V. Rozanov. Win to rob visnovok: " Pushkin - tse spok_y, clarity and timeliness. Pushkin - it’s wonderful ... *, I’m not old, as I don’t lose the urgency of love, hatred, spring and autumn.

Kroki Pushkina is like a poet and a mistress of strife, and he is responsible for the self-esteem of the nobility and the nation as a whole. At 1823-1824 years old, overwhelmed in the development of creative forces, Pushkin started to write his "novel in virshah" - "Evgeniy Ongin *. And this is why the wisdom "Boris Godunov" appeared indefinitely. Among the young people, the wisdom of the capital manifested itself as a great admiration: * Do not change the leak ref. ringtone - the soul of the powers *. Until the end of his life A. Pushkin "viyshov z modi" Literature in the person of Pushkina has a new meaning in the suspension of life.

For all the majestic injection of A.S. Pushkina on the current culture of wine nikoli did not go into direct moralism and generality. In his creativity, there are uncommon topical suspicious problems, types of images, so characteristic of the "black-white" Russian literature of the coming hours. Win ni in what is not "special". hto positive hero in the "Capitan's daughter"? Grinov? Pugachov? Not that and not that. At the same hour, the stench of insult can become a whole "bouquet" of life histories. The whole complex nature of P. Grynov's "panic" twists in one plot twist: he didn’t see Pugachov, and the “village king” had taken the hand of the village tsiluvati. And the villain in the world is all one: Shvabrin. First and foremost, recklessness is zrada. The joy, the love of the soul - I am familiar with the drop in the specialness of the winners and the emergence of one of the leading heroes of the story: Grinova and Pugachova. In those small ones, all the wisdom of life is avenged at the first glance of the wisdom. Not vipadkovo A.T. Tvardovskiy, editor of the popular 60-70-i pp. XX Art. to the magazine "Noviy Svit", as if, in the heat of the discussion, saying that there are no smart and foolish people, but just that, they read "Captain's daughter" and that, as they do not know about her.

Pushkin's creativity was called "vol-loving". I will try to rozibratsya, like the freedom "glorified" sings. Yak vіdchuvє his mіsce in svіtі yogo lyrical hero? Yak rozumі sings his role himself? The textbook of Pushkin's love of freedom is not revolutionary rebellion, but the attitude of the people who have learned to themselves as a self-sufficient light. Yogo will love is not a political activity, but a cultural one: from love to life, from learning to one's own individuality, from a Renaissance creative power. The distinctiveness of the Renaissance itself is due to its own boundaries and rules.

Ty king: live alone,

Dear vilnoyi,

Kudi is more attractive to you.

The walk of Pushkin's voluptuousness is the price of being set up to butt, love to life, organically assimilating people’s life, thinking, talent and mind. Seems to hate to every kind of "minds of light", dislikes to such a thing that I belittle the camera-junkers' uniform. Pushkin's voluptuousness is similar to that of the Decembrist in the spirit of human celebration and creative freedom. The place of svitovidchuttya і robbed їkh close in spirit. Pushkin's voluptuousness is not a little professional with a political idea of ​​rights "from the standpoint of the law" and from being an ideology. Created by him "ideology" - the whole formula of the life of a human being. With superb clarity, the bully is embedded in the yogi verses. In the rest of his life, in 1836, Oleksandr Sergiyovich Pushkin wrote the genial versh "Z Pindemonti". Obviously, there is no censorship to miss the whole turn to the next, presenting him as a "transfer from the Italian". As a matter of fact, there is no reason why you should be free to sound in a new voice. Yak viyavilosya, tsі vіrshi became the spiritual commandment of the poet.

Іnshi, krashі, my roads are right,

Insha, krashchaya, I need freedom.

To lay down from the king, lay down to the people -

Chi is not all of us the same? God is with them. Do not give any Sound, deprive yourself of Serve and do the grudge; for the power, for the livrei Chi do not bend neither owls, nor pomisliv, nor shii;

... Axis Happiness! Axis right ...

And I am the axis of the vilnoy people, dodamo mi. The theme of special independence is especially dear to Pushkin. How to live in the middle of people, how to live in a suspension, how to stand up for your righteousness, your specialness?

The fact appeared in Russia of Pushkin, the specialness, the sumptuous Leonardo da Vinch, Shakespeare, Dante, is a sign of the Renaissance. The European Renaissance had special features of the universal, encyclopedic type.

National and local in the "push" culture. One of the tragic results of the Russian Education will be those, which in one nation have appeared in two different cultures. One is traditional, perevazhno village. Іnsha - knikkova, prosvitnitska, Evropeyska. The veneration between them has become majestic; two cultures speak rіznykh movakh, Oskilki the nobility was willing to hang in French.

Pushkin went deep into the depths of the subtlety of the Russian culture, to know the secret of the development of the antiquated beginnings. The synthesis of a gliboko national and fair European zmistu in yogo creativity is supra-specific natural. Yogo kazki was read both in the nobility's living rooms, and in the village huts. With the creations of Pushkin, Russian self-confidence was part of the great light of the new European culture. Pushkin is very national and all the same.

Yak vidomo, Pushkin nikoli did not get in between Russia. Only by the power of his gen_y, I’m surely in the guise of the zuhvale, the life of the Cygan tribe in the songs of Zemfiri, the naïve Spanish pride in the Kamyaniy Gentlemen *. The song of Meri in “Benquet before the hour of the plague” is written in the dull style of the middle English. And yogo stage with "Faust * carry in itself the diyavolsk - the mysticism of the era of the Nimetsian Reformation - to navigate in the non-wordy rhythm of the verse:" I every posihaє Nekhai live - and I trump all of us, pozihayuchi, check. See and ty ... * Before the speech, his “Scene from Faust * Pushkin sent Goethe and took the gift of the great old man from the pen.

Ale, with all the European Pushkin, in Russia there is no big Russian poet. This creativity has two origins: universality and Russian - they were angry with a natural rank. The bright butt of such a natural and cultural zlitty in mature Pushkin in "Evgeniya Ongini *. Tetyana, Prussian soul *, Prote was cleared up by my own violence *. She wrote her famous sheet in French for quite a while. The Russian love sheet style is simply booming. Ale himself is the author of Nemov “to translate * a French sheet of his heroine into Russian language. For a poet, the middle is one. The first paradoxical result: Pushkin himself, і nіkhto іnshiy, having opened the Russian translation of the Russian language: from the beginning, according to the point, the Russian literature of the new hour has been read.

At the same hour, the whole element of the Russian folk movement is dominated by the whole element. Volodymyr Nabokov, the scribe of the Russian foreigner, translating into the emigration “Evgeniya Ongin *”, the perturbations were used to solve the theory of transferring specifically for Pushkin with good options for the series and not enough for the skin.

Yogo famous “Kazki * is a fact of a very popular journey, and not the inheritance of a folk dialect. Only a high and fair talent in my ability to correctly guess the soul of the people, their mentality, humor, mentality. Listen to the music of uncomplicated rows, the charm of those in the sprawling and not stylized nationalities:

Three dvitsі pіd vіknom

Spinned in the evenings ...

A wide internal link of light and national turns is also a generic sign of culture of the Renaissance type. Svitliy zhitєstverdzhuyuchiy genіy Pushkіn became "golden * capitals in the history of the Russian spirit. The renaissance character of Pushkin's poeziya is the prohibition of the inevitable beastling to Pushkin's creativity, since the national self-awareness and the nation is to rob Chergov's culture of Zusilla to the harmonization of life. happy singing D. Samoilov visloviv tse in words:

Poki in Russia Pushkin triva

Khurtovin don't blow out the candle.

Literature and suspension in the era of Pushkin. Svitoglyad "Empire and Freedom", which was formed before the ear of the 19th century. in the middle of the young, sanctified nobility, it is most vortexed in the romantic hour of literature. The populist Russian literature of the first appeared in the last days of the ideas of the empire and the new specialness - to navigate in one individual. N.M. Karamzin buv the author of one hour "Lists of the Russian mandarin" and "History of the Russian State", "" bіdnoї Lizi»І Manifestu Mikoli I. Also і V.А. Zhukovsky Bouv is the author of "Undini" and romantic balads.

In the whole of the smartest Rus from Derzhavin to Zhukovsky, from Karamzin to Griboedov and then to Pushkin, literature was formed in Russia as a special sphere of culture. Vona took on the role of a picker and a difference to the national spirit, moreover, she's formula. "Verbalism *, on Pushkina's dummy, Bula " the fruit of a new partnership", And from the side, and the singular type of suspension life itself was created. Razpovidayuchi about the beggar and sound of the sanctified nobility on the ear of the XIX century. beautiful booths". Pushkin priyshov and up to a greater specific value - "enlightened nobility." Who did the tsya of the ringing of illumination with the evangelists and the structure of the life of the “svitsky suspension” play?

At the time of the Petrovsky "assemblies", the rules of the suspicious behavior of the nobles were adopted by the power of the sovereign primus. Through the centuries into the action "having entered and unspoken" rules of light ": the culture of balls, duels, modi, visits, priyomiv. According to a nervous gesture, not a few clothes, unconnected with the word of the nobility, the suspension bezpomilkovo recognized "strangers". Pislya living talk with senators N.M. Karamzin in sheets before A.S. Pushkin will respect that the stench of the people is obvious, intelligent, but behind the manners it is clear that they should not be like “good suspension”. Once, Pushkin himself did not have a meal at the ball, but he didn’t need to propose a camera-cadet uniform.

Throwing a mitten, ruining the hustku, sharply shrinking sluggishly - everything knew its "move". Remember, “We needed a wide bolivar, Ongin yide on the boulevard"? Pushkinsky's followers immediately became a clear character of the hero. Adzhe "normal" svitsky gulvis, wording "yak dendi london", did not even embellish your head with "Bolivar". Tsya krislatiy amerikanska kapelyuh, named after one of the days of the nationally-viscous movement, unambiguously declared about the demonstratively vivid thinking of Volodar in St. Petersburg.

"Pushkinske" generation of the illumined community " the front of the liberal until 1812". Spiritual independence, pride of thought and almost boules in an independent fashion. Young people rebelled in ways: from the extravagance of fashionable costumes, fenced off by zmist reading books to wild friendly parties and duels.

The nobles were more and more often perceived as a state service, volitional "svitske life". Until 1840, pp. nowhere served more than a third of the capital's nobility. At the same time, the value of good relish, manners, extravagance, knowledge happy mov (*latin z modi viysla nini"). The leading sciences were viznavali "A lifetime of life in the world"I, seemingly in the words of Pushkin," science of addiction". "Smak", "style", "fashion", "honor" - the ci of the understanding in the life of the nobility on the cob of the 19th century. replaced the state of the regulation of private life.

Literature has become a new huge regulator. tone literary works changed by the very fiery rank. Earlier, I would like to see you, as a general rule, I will see you as bi from the name of the sovereign-power. Now the literary texts shone with the familiar invisibility of the friendly rage. Guess "Evgeniya Ongina": the axis of the nemov went to the private virtual, so that you know and don't know your friends. I have been in love here for a long time. Wonder, the price is brutalized right up to you:

Friends of "Lyudmila and Ruslana"!

The hero of my novel,

No change, it’s an hour

Let me know you.

Ongin, good my friend...

Even more popular are the "novel in sheets". Intimacy, privately, sincerely, the spirit of literary works of all sorts of things. Lessons of odds and dances of baladi by Pushkin went to ten. Svitske suspension has brought the genres of literature to the power of yomu form of speech: leaves, conversations, epigrams, aphorisms, anecdotes, transcripts into a child's album. For the same familiar "friendly affection", the first literature is formed :? Amicable Literary Partnership "," Arzamas "," Green Lamp "," Wisdom ".

Svitskiy salon zmіst noviy zmіst - literary spіlkuvannya. Here there were cob and up-to-date literatures, "patrons of the muses", the first critics, lovers of art and poetry. At the svit's virtual view of Pushkin's vision with Bulinsky. The trimati salon is prestigiously prestigious; In St. Petersburg, the popularity of zborivs was observed among the Olenin, Smir-novo-Rosset, Khitrovo, Rostopchin, and Odoevsky and Sollogub. In Moscow - in the booths of Volkonskoy, Alagin, Aksakovs, and the list is not new. The rules of behavior in the salons of Buli Edin and all the good things. Slovyanofil A.I. Koshelev is a curious fact, for the first time, but E.A. Karamzina "buv One in Petersburg, They didn’t grasp the picture, and they spoke in Russian *.

At the salons and friendly gurts in the first two decades of the XIX century. a bustle of cultural life. As far as the animals are before the biography of A.S. Pushkina, it’s ill-humored to get by without respect until that “friendly stake”, like a bile of a new one. Here A.S. Pushkin to become a rather unhappy vynatka in the history of the greater Russian literature of the 19th century. Win zavzhdi, all your life will be shared with friends. The new one does not have a lot of literary supernaturalism but jealousy. Near the new buto, the suzir'ya poets, as they put the "pushkinsky" literature, the character of the "pushkinsky" hour: Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Vyazemsky, Baratinsky, Gndich and in.

Tse buv hour "Arzamas", "Besidi", love poetry "friendship". Pushkin is very radiant to the success of his friends, because of Vyazemsky's trip, to respectfully follow the successes of the young generation. Having become a textbook fact about those who Pushkin presented the young Gogol with the plot of Revizor and Dead Souls, listening to the reading of the first works of the young writer.

Pushkin's poetical sympathies and dislikes are the least tied to a literary struggle, hardened by his own persistence. The song "Ruslan and Lyudmila" led to a new era of Russian literature, and Pushkin immediately became the leader of the writing industry. The transmission of the "poetical crown" was not seen as a heavy supernatural and intrigue, but in a beautiful way. Pislya "Ruslana and Lyudmila" Zhukovsky donated his portrait to Pushkin with a memorable writing: " I learn from a worn out teacher».

Reworked the peculiarities of the cultural life of the Pushkin hour, and there was an extraordinary versatility of forms, styles, plots and genres, in which the literature of the first ten years of the 19th century was introduced. Ale step-by-step growth-oriented development of ideals and realities of suspicious changes with a re-creation of literature from a special zhopolennya in the occupation.

Commercially vivid book projects were carried out in an hour. The step-by-step transition of "literature" to the list of professions is tied to the bookseller and vidavtsya A.F. Smirdin. Lyudin, yak little for the shoulders of all three rocky navchannya at the Moscow dyak, becoming a vidomy in the literary stakes of the 1830s. with his dilovim entusiasm. Vіn for the first time became a vipuskati "Library for reading" - a magazine-book, which has become the most popular seen in the whole hour. Vidannya has gone into the genre of "calendars" with a lot of information and development and a genre of serious literary and community magazine with novelties of literature. A short reading was ill-humored to come up with for the seven provincial pomitschik,

Literary information about popular periodicals from the 1800s to the 1830s.

literature ob'єdnannya	Magazines and newspapers
"Wine suspension	"Visnik Evropi" (ed. N. M. Karamzin, V. A. Zhukovsky).
lovers of literature,
Sciences and Mistresses ".	"Russian Bulletin" (ed. S.M. Glinka). 1808-1820 pp.
	"Sin Vichizni" (ed. N.I. Grech). 1812-1829 pp. "Vіtchiznyany zapiski" (ed. P.P. Svinin).
"The success of lovers
Russian literature ".	"Dobromisny" (ed. A.Y. Izmailov). 1818-1820 pp.
1811-1920-i pp.	"A competitor of education and virtue" (ed. A. D. Borovkov). 1818-1825 pp.
"Besida amateurs	"Nevsky Gladach" (ed. By MA Yakovlev and in). 1820-1821 pp.
Russian word ".	Almanac "Polyarnaya Zirka"
	(Ed. A.A. Bestuzhev and K.F. Rilov). 1823-1825 pp. "Mnemosyne" (ed. VF Odoevskiy, VK Kyukhelbeker).
Arzamas.
	Gas. "Northern Bee" (ed. F.V. Bulgarin, N.I. Grech). 1824-1864 pp.
"The lamp is green."	"Moscow Telegraph" (ed. By NA Poloviy). 1824-1834 pp.
	"Pivnichni kiti" (ed. A. A. Delvig). 1825-1831 pp. "Moscow Visnik" (ed. By M. P. Pogodin). 1826-1830 pp.
"The success of the	"Telescope" (ed. By N.I. Nadzhdin). 1831-1836 pp.
Wise ". 1823-1825 pp.	"Moscow Sposterigach" (ed. By MP Pogodin). 1835-1839 pp. "Contemporary" (ed. By A. Pushkin). 1836-1866 pp.

courses * cultural and political podіy in his own wrist. A.F. Smirdin after getting to the warehouse of the * reading publication * of the provincial reader.

A.F. Smirdin is the first to see a series of cheap vids for a democratic reader. Win is the first to start paying his authors. Guess the rows of A.S. Pushkina s? Rosemovie sings with the bookseller *: * Not for sale natchnennya, otherwise the manuscript can be sold*. In literary projects, there is a new word -? Circulation *, so that the number of copies of the book published or the magazine. V.G. Bulinsky Navit naming 1830-i rr. * Smirdіnskіm * period in Russian literature. I want in the 1840s. Vidavets A.F. Smirdin rozorivsya, the ear of the re-development of the literary to take in the professional pratsyu piled up.

Throughout the literature of the Pushkin hour, it was formulating humanistic renaissance ideals. The dominance of the new culture became human specialty everything has spiritual wealth. The message to the thunder of the Decembrist Movement quickly declined and the whole suspenseful atmosphere of the Pushkin hour. Changing suspension, changing style of culture. Zvernit respect for the guidance of a list of literary partnerships and periodicals. The absolute greatness of this period until 1825 was rocky, and then the number of times declined sharply.

plan

in the lesson.

Theme : "Pushkin's era in the novel" Evgeniy Ongin ".

meta : The lesson is cognitively old.

A) correspondence excursion to the theater chasiv A.S. Pushkina

(Oleksandriyskiy Theater in Petersburg).

B) Introduced ballet, dramatic performance, opera і tsіkavі vіdomostі from the life of the artists, known by the beasts of that hour, porinimo in the era and in addition to the important and important historical;

V ) Enjoy music, dance, dance .

G) mirkuumo over problem food.

ustatkuvannya : Interactive board, computer, audio and video discs, synthesizer.

Note : All appearances are illustrated on interactive media. (Presentation to be completed)

A lesson to wiggle into its own kind of project - the introduction of an old-time Russian theater with the idea of ​​introducing an aesthetic svitoglyadu. Intersecting our theme is deprived of the audition to the theater, pratsyumo strictly according to the text of Pushkin.

Go to lesson .

Organizational moment.

The main part (nudity by those and the lesson).

word of the reader : "The Epoch of Pushkin can be quilted, analyzed be-like an episode of the novel" Evgeniy Ongin ". For example, we can follow the heroes to go to the provinces, to the Larinim boys. We can go for a walk at once with Ongin on Nevsky. We can go to the ball. Alem we went to see the Pushkin Theater. Evidently sobi, scho, mozhlivo, he himself sings, he can sit here entrusting or marveling at the performance.

Zvertaєmo respect on the portrait of O.S. Pushkіn brush O. Kіprenskyi and on the fate of the poet's life - 1799-1837.

hearing ... І. Smoktunovskiy read urivoks from the novel, in which one can describe the introduction to the Onginim theater. I will accentuate respect for the actor's іntonations і robimo visnovok, so that Pushkin can finish the ironic description of the episodes. It’s even marvelous in that sense, that the theater is a temple of mystery and, naturally, the skin is illumined by the people to be put before the theater even more naughty and with majestic love, including singing. Why is Pushkin writing so sarcastically about the theater? We will hold out the lesson to learn how to eat shukati.

Urivok from the novel:

Ongin in the theater.

XVII

Ask for a spraga kelikhiv

Pour the hot fat of the cutlets,

Ale dzvin bregeta їm inform,

It’s a new ballet.

Theater of evil legislator,

uncontested face-to-face

Charming actresses,

The honorable hulk lashtunkiv,

He flew to the theater,

De kozen, vilnistu dikhayuchi,

ready to slap entrechat,

Bundle Phaedra, Cleopatra,

Moinu viclikati (in order

Shchob tilki chuli yogo).

Xviii

Charivny edge! There in the old rock,

Satiri smiloyu volodar,

Introduced Fonvizin, friend of freedom,

І building of the Princess;

There Ozerov mimovoly danini

Narodnykh sl_z, oplek_v

3 young Semyonovo diliv;

There our Katenin resurrected

Kornelya gen_y majesty;

There viviv Kolka Shakhovskoy

His comedy galaslivy riy,

There і Dіdlі ending in glory,

There, there, beggarly lashtunks

My days flew past.

XIX

My goddess! What do wee? De vie?

Feel my voice:

All the same eh? Інші l divi,

Didn't they replace you?

Do I know your chori?

I'll give you chi Russian Terpsichori

Is it the soul of the Viconies?

Іl look you don’t know the sums

Know their appearance on the boring stage,

І, directing to someone else's light

The charms of the lorgnette,

Merry gaze of baiduzhi,

I will be crazy

І about passed zgaduvati?

The theater is already new; lodges are hostile;

Parterre і crіsla - boil everything;

To splash at the raiku,

І, angry, zavis to make a noise.

Bliskucha, semi-airy,

To a charming listener,

Natovpom nimf otochened,

Varto Istomina; won,

Pidlogs jiggle with one foot,

Another whirling around,

І raptom strip, і raptom fly,

Fly, yak fluff from the mouth of Eola;

Those camp sovyot, then rozib'є

І shvidkoї nіzhkoy nіzhku b'є.

XXI

All splashє. Ongin to enter,

Ide mіzh krіsel on the legs,

Sliding lorgnette skositi to direct

On the lodge of unknown ladies;

Looking around all the tiers,

All bachiv: persons, attire

Hungry for displeasure wines;

With the heads from the sides

Bowing, then to the stage

Having looked at the great rossiyuvannya,

Having returned - and having passed,

First move: “It's time for a change;

Ballet I am patient

Ale і Dіdlo menі nabrid ".

XXII

More amuri, chorty, snakes

On the stage to jump and make noise;

Also included lackeys

To sleep on fur coats;

They have not stopped stomping yet,

Shakatisya, cough, shikati, splash;

More calls and all the middle

Skrіz shine lіkhtarі;

Still, vegetated, horses are racing,

Bored with picking your own

I coachman, near the drive,

Lying pan and b'yut in the valley, -

And yet Ongin viyshov get out, more stench

Dodomuyutsya їde vіn.

Rubric - "Living vocabulary ". Student pratsyuvala dodatkovo z tlumachnyh dictionaries and dictionaries of old words. Vaughn in the form of a living rage, join your classmates. The fact appears that children cannot be accepted for food, but also breget, parterre, harness, coachman, antrasha and іn. Robimo visnovok: a novel of the need to read, vikoristovuchi dictionaries and comments, for example, by Yu.M. Lotman.

teacher: “Theatrical genres of boules at that hour, like and at once, the most popular, albeit played on three heads: ballets, dramas and operas. Obviously, all kinds of theatrical performances are called performances.

Moving on to the musical-dramatic genre – ballet . scholar, Correct the encyclopedia, because we give us a short view of the history of ballet (a short description of the genre).

teacher: briefly a biography of Avdotya Istominoi, the greatest ballerina in Pushkin's hours. (Rocky life and photographs marvel at the presentation). A short exchange of enemies: the image of a ballerina of two rockies, both years and years.

apprentice talk about the specialties of the dance by A. Istomina.

9.Whistupu plan :

1. The ballerina's path to fame.

2. A story about the singularity of dance by A. Istomina.

3. Pointe.

4. Pushkin about the virtuosity of ballerinas.

5. Comments before slides.

text of the message : "Dictionnaire Movi Pushkin" vkazuє, scho Terpsichore - "muse of dances in Greek mythology, symbol of dancing" and in the nominal implantation the word means a ballerina. Під "Russian Terpsichore" Pushkin is a good actress. The biographer of Istomina writes: “I dance the goddess, Russian Terpsichore by my fellows called Istomina. In the її polotnom dances ї boules swerves the brightest rice of the wіth dance school ". Theatrical publication was highly appreciated by Charles Didli's ballets, and was called the ballet master of Pushkin's hours. І not vipadkovo in connection with Іstomіnoї Pushkin zgadu іmen Terpsichori і Eola. In 1808, the rotsi of the nine-tier Istomina first appeared on the stage in the ballet Zephyr and Flora. At the same time with the іnshi vikhovankas of the Imperial Theater School, Vona became the Malovnichi group in the final of the performance. When the performance was renewed, Istomina danced the part of Flori, and the role became central in the repertoire. Criticism and the eyes of the people were unaware of the one-sided drowning.

Turn to strophesXXhead of the first. The dance of the Іstomіnoї images і even more specifically і at the same hour is publicized. The Іstomina was famous for its grandeur and aplomb. Istomina viconu stribok and policy. In addition to the polity, the romantic choreography has become the basis for the finger technique. The renowned choreographer stands for the organic sound of dance, dance technique and myakim play. The romantic dance of power is straight uphill, uphill, up to the sky, get out of the earth, and in the whole dance, having won the panuvannya dance on pointe.

Dancing on pointe in the modern meaning of the term, tobto on the fingers, has become the main element of the classical dance. It’s not surprising that the reform was not clearly documented by either choreographers or theater critics.

We will be built, as Istomina on the cob of my car, at the turn of 10-20 years, danced on high half-fingers, in the slime of a growing natkhnennya, danced on an upper toe.

The words "semi-airy", "tinkering" are especially indicative of the non-customary vitonized palatsovy technology. She herself, in order for goodness, forgot her singing and was seen in yogo verses.

Pushkіnske misinterpretation bulo bagatosharovim and іznosnorimovanim. The image of the Istomina in his romance has taken in himself a young woman, beautiful and talented, unprepared to cultural tradition, and drowned in art ballet.

10. Visnovok: the ballet of O.S. Pushkina's hours is simply weird!

11. Going down to drams ... A scholar who cries out an encyclopedia, briefly, a history of dramas.

12. apprentice talk about the share of the greatest actress in the hours of O.S. Pushkina Katerina Semenivna Semyonova.

Hto bazhaє to accept the fate:

1. The similarity of E. Semyonova.

2. Manera gri.

3. Information from the special life of the actress.

4. Pushkin about Semenova's talent.

5. Comments before slides.

Text of the message:

Katerina Semenivna Semyonova, a villager, appeared on the 7th of a leaf fall in 1786. Shvidshe for everything, dad її buv vlasnik krіpakіv. Yak passed the dignity of Nimfodor's sister, and how the stench was consumed in the theater school unavoidably. Obviously, only those who are red - sisters of the bully anіtrohi are not alike one on one. “Nature has given everyone a gift, like an artist,” wrote inXIXcapital biographer A.A. Yartsev. - Vona represented a thorough type of ancient Greek beauty, and for the tragic roles of the bull, the ideal of female beauty. Strict, noble profile її nagaduvav, for the witnesses of the party, old-time camea: straight proportioned nіs with a small hump, chestnut hair, dark blakitnі eyes, lined with vіyami. Bagato poets evolved into the beauty and talent of the young Semyonovo. Among the number of Bovs and Kostyantin Batyushkov, who supervised the actress, were very delicate and varied rows. Zakokhany in her without memory, sings in love with the ideal, "the goddess of beauty", she went yakim - a miracle to the earth. To feel ashamed of the actress herself, she lived in an atmosphere of zakokhanosti and adoration, as she became a norm, a natural tribute to her talent.

Actress protege, prince Ivan Oleksiyovich Gagarin, bagach, priest of arts and horses, theater and head of the ferry. Being a widow, the prince made money with the actress of chotiroh children, giving the nickname Starodubsky. Gagarin, like the sound of a protest to the actresses, without respecting the needs of Katerina Semyonivna's needs. True, the patron saint constantly bothered about her with a lot of high-level comparisons. The author and re-shifting of the role, the actor and the director, who helped him to read the roles, were especially adamant about the roztashuvannyam yogo.

At the village of 1828, the prince nevertheless married Katerina Semyonivna for fifteen years of social life. Obviously, the price of children’s encampment is ruined. I will leave the child, sina, the prince without viznaya, not giving him his nickname, not a title. So, the brother of the princes Gagarinikh has so lost himself to the Starodubskoy, unrecognized beanie in the family. Even before the change, Semyonova was overshadowed by the theater, hour by hour she appeared in amateur svit performances. In 1832 rotsi won praise the prince. For three hours Katerina Semyonivnya's life passed in a large number of family and friends.

Great Gagarinske decline, which was gone by Katerina Semenivny, fell to pieces. Older daughter Nadiya went from the cholovik to the old people. Obrazovyv cholovik took the look of the court, calling out in spivzhitti with children. Youmu has reached into the distance to seek the connection of the nevirnoy squad in the monastir. Kateryna Semyonivna walked around the institutes, looking up her Nadiyka. All went on and on and on.

In the fierce 1849, the actress was famous, she lived in a rented apartment, was angry in a typhoid hot. Won went from life to sixty two rockies ...

13. Visnovok is a dramatic action, without any summaries, maybe just on a whim!

14. scholar yesє understand about the opera.

15 ... teacher : “We can talk about two operas in Pushkin's hours. Tse opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart "Charivna Flute" and opera by Mikhail Glinka "Life for the Tsar". From patriotic worlds, naturally, vibrantly the opera of Glinka.

16. Listening to a fragment from the opera (chorus).

17. Viznovok: like the first genre, the opera was a witty species!

18. Teacher: Hello, why does he sing so ironically when writing about the theater, when all the most important theatrical genres are bully?

as follows:

A.S. Pushkin about the theater.

Naybіlshі re-incarnation in the Russian theater pov'yazanі from the names of Oleksandr Sergiyovich Pushkin (1799-1837). I want the dramatic creativity of the great poet to go beyond the boundaries of the firstXIXcapital, next to see the activity of Pushkin the playwright in direct connection with the period of the Decembrists.

In the history of Russian culture, Pushkin should be honored by a new era. Win vistupaє we will redefine Russian literature - in poetry, prose, drama, redefine Russian language itself. Yogo theoretical publicity and begin a new stage of the Russian aesthetic thought. Pushkin will become the first to bring the new straight into Russian literature and mystery - realism.

Bachachi in mysticism is great power, great to be infused into the mood of suspension, Pushkin and in creativity and in theoretical publicity, the need for great ideological strength of the creation of mysticism.

Pushkin passionately proclaims the idea of ​​self-confidence to the theater and acts against the inheritance of the past, against the prejudice of "all Russian to all European": Yak її go as far as your own, smirked, important and decently, to the rough doorway of popular preferences, to the liberty of the area?

The people of the theatrical art Pushkin are not surrounded by the remote accessibility of species: they look at the drama as a perception of the life of the people in the im'ya її voskonalennya.

The great sings in respect of the theater for a part of the national culture. For yogo thoughts, the theater is guilty not for the "small bounded number of gazers", but for the broad masses, bring the leading ideas to them. Looking at the theater, yak at the tribune, it was necessary to develop Gogol, Ostrovsky, Saltikov-Shchedrin and rich Russian writers and playwrights.

Pushkin is a witty theater-goer, a keen gaze, who in his youth was prized by the beautiful Russian actors. Lyubov sings to the theater of the ball with a love of great love: together with a group of young lovers of the scenic mystery, he steadily took part in the negotiation of the performances, writing a lot of statistics.

Rozdumuvati about the theater sings more often in Lyceysk rock. I went out with a lyceum of wine, stretching eagerly to the charming light of the lashtunks, to the taumnits of the scenic painting. He has gradually introduced to the St. Petersburg Great Theater, a great repertoire that will give a living for thought. A bagato of new knowledge sings at the evenings at Shakhovskoy's, de yshli discussions about the scenic majesty and de vinous feelings of the actors and authors themselves, operas, ballets.

The article “My Respect for the Russian Theater” (1820) is intended to be read on one occasion from the date of partnership. We are known and primitive among the Russian actors of the world, who are proud of their grasp and nature, in the sense of a voice, gesture, plasticity, in order to order their character. Especially the price of wine is the nature of E. Semyonova. Talk about the Russian tragedy, talk about Semyonovo, maybe just about her. Endowed with talent, beauty, we feel alive and lively, she has become pretentious by herself. Semenova nikoli is not small to the original. The city is vital, it is always clear, the nobility of the sea rucks, the organ is clean, eager, accepting and often provoking the true nature, all the time is not suspected to be found in anyone. Vona embellished the incomplete work of the unhappy Ozerov and played the role of Antagoni and Moinu; won’t help the growth of vimiryana ryad Lobanov; In the first words, we were honored with the words' yanskii virshi Katenin, more forcefully and fire, ale of zeal with gusto and harmony. Semenova is not a super girl. Advance sensitive and moribund sacrifices, brought novella, have become anxious, the sovereign queen has lost the tragic stage ... "

In Pushkin's articles one can know the characteristics of Russian actors: A.S. Yakovlev, Y.G. Bryanskiy, M.I. Valberkhova, ballerinas A.I. Іstomіnoї and іnshih.

Bagatozhenrovim having seen his own sings Russian theatrical mystery. Vіn not having played without respect opera, ballet. Having shown particular respect to Pushkin to the creativity of the reformer of the Russian stage M.S.Shchepkin. Shchepkina's mastery that made me feel so meaningful that I was inspired by the transmission of the great artist's message to the coming generations. Pushkin with his own hand wrote the first phrase of Shchepkin's Notes.

By the majestic merit of Pushkin before the Vitchiznyan Theater, the establishment of the Russian national drama. Vin is not only theoretically priming the aesthetics of realism, but by setting up dramatic creation according to the principles of the aesthetics of aesthetics.

19. zgaduєmo stanza , In what razpovіdaєtsya about krypakіv, how to clean up panіv on the street at night in the winter hour. Zrozumilo, shho mova yde about krіposne right.

20 ... Our lesson dobigak kіntsya , I prepared a surprise. (Victory by the scholars of the songwriters from the opera by P. I. Tchaikovsky "Evgeniy Onugin".)

21 ... Listening to a fragment of an opera at the Viconanna to the Turetsky Choir.

III. Delivery of pidsumkiv.

"Pushkinska epoch"

The central position, like taking Pushkin in the Russian literature of the 19th century, began not only because of the unique character of the individual. Here, the process of the historical and literary process was carried out and the backward laws of the history-literary process - the forces that came into one focus in the phenomenon of Pushkin and hung it at the center of the moment. Persha third XIX cent. In Russia, the yak "pushkinska epoch" does not start in vipadkovo - and the term means not only the epoch, which passed under the sign of Pushkin, ale and epoch, and formulated it.

The first literary poetry of Pushkina was grubbed with dzherels Prospect of the 18th century. in yogo french and russian options. It is accepted respectfully, that the dominance of the French education itself, - and in general, is true, however, the role of national soils in the new is not underestimated. The Moscow literary middle, with which the family of the Maybut poet was clearly stuck, was at the end of the hour in the avant-garde of the Russian literary movement: Karamzin and I.I. lived in Moscow. Dmitriyev, and to the best of the best, lying down, zokrem, Pushkina's uncle Vasil Lvovich, who was the first ever literary mentor. Moscow saw beautiful Russian literary journals of the Karamzin organization; in "Visnik Evropi", founded by Karamzin, in the first ten years of the 19th century. spivpratsyuut V.A. Zhukovsky, brothers Andriy and Oleksandr Turgenova, young P.A. Vyazemsky, Trochi piznishe K.N. Batyushkov and Pushkin himself.

Until the moment of moving to St. Petersburg and the hopefulness of Lyceum (1811), Pushkin had a wide supply of literary feuds and ideas. It is a good idea to find the way of the "Arzamastians" and because of the organizationally decorated kitchen; yogo literary creativity the Lycea hour is literally permeated with ideas and virases from the arsenal of the "Arzamas"; I should respectfully follow the literary production "Besidi", appearing on it by the satyrs sent and epigrams to the "Arzamaskiy" dance. Vin directly zarahovuє myself to "Arzamaskiy brotherhood", and a group - Zhukovskiy, Vyazemskiy, Al. Turgenev, D.V. Davidov - a warehouse for the first time in a literary colo.

Two literary acts from the middle of the day are hanging like a literary reader of Pushkin. Tse Batyushkov and Zhukovsky. Traditionally, Batyushkov is put on the first place.

In the first post-poetry rock, new tendencies are beginning to appear in Pushkin's literary works. Naybіlshe win overwhelmed by theatrical enemies. Theater close by with the opponents of "Arzamas" - AA Shakhovsky, P.A. Kateninim, A.S. Griboedovim. The goal is not just a special contact, but a widening of the natural range.

Absolutely a special sphere, in which we are involved in the work of young Pushkin, was the sphere of community travel. In the wide and versatile social and literary Russia of the 1810s - 1820s. literature had the role not only of a provincial and a propagandist of voluptuous attitudes, but of a provider of specific social and political programs. The role of the bulwark is secured by the statute of the Union of Prosperity - a local partnership, which has developed a revolutionary organization of the Decembrists - Pivnichne Suspension. K.F. Riluv, Kerіvnik ostnogo, he himself was one of the most significant Russian poets of the 1820s. Directly correlated with the "Union of Prosperity" boules were tied and petersburg literary, theatrical and community organizations, with young Pushkin close together. One of the most significant of them is the Vilne suspension of lovers of Russian literature, as has seen the magazine "Competitor of Education and Good Deeds".

In 1820 Pushkin, some of the political warriors gained respect for themselves, and when they hung from the capital - in fact, they would make a transfer to a new place of service. I live in Chisinau, in Odessa, - the sounds of it are sent as official to the sentry, before the policeman's eye, until the old man Mikhaylovske. For half and a half years, we will see the distance from the active literary life of both capitals. For a whole hour walk around "Ruslan and Lyudmila" (1820), "Caucasian Poloneny" (1822), "Fountain of Bakhchisarai" (1824), the first chapter of "Eugenia Ongina" (1825), nareshty, "Virshi Oleksandra" I reduce a part of his early lyrical creativity. At the end of the hour, Pushkin's creativity will end. European and Russian political life to introduce correctives into the statement about the destruction of social mechanisms by it; the radicalism of this huge position, which reaches its apogee on the ear of the 1820s, will be replaced by the "crisis of 1823 fate", the result of a growing history of historical evidence. Tse zmushu yogo re-evaluating the problems of the specialty and middle class, the dialect and the national mass - tobto, in essence, the very basis of the educational svitglyad - and apparently changing the situation to the axiological scale.

The early period of Pushkin's creativity is honored with the sign of Byron. The type of "happy people", performances by Byron's Childe Harold, appearing in the "Caucasian Poloneny" - singing, why the popularity among the liberal youth, whose mindset was consumed in resonance with the spiritual call of the free-spirited, charmed hero, was especially popular. "Caucasian Poloneny", in the form of a series of Pushkians, we sing, typologically close to Byron's poems. Problems and Poetics of the Doslidzheni V.M. Zhirmunsky (Byron and Pushkin, 1924, translated. 1978), meaning Pushkin's role in the establishment and development of Russian Byron food; it is possible to see the yak in the early classics of the type "Chernetsya" І.І. Kozlov and "Voinarovsky" Rilov, so in the poetry of Lermontov, de Russian Byronism reaches its peak.

Eating Pushkin left behind the overthrow of the romantic ruch and gave the forced mailing of theoretical ideas. Already in 1822 P.A. Vyazemsky vistupa with a report on the "Caucasian abuse"; close in an hour before the critics of the Decembrist krill of literature, Vyazemskiy pidkreslyuє suspicious meaning "povistі" and the very nature of the abuse; a strong connection to the spiritual lives of the Russian suspension, to the thought of Vyazemsky, to rob Pushkin's tvir is a national phenomenon. The vision of the "Bakhchisarai fountain" was preceded by the great front-line of Vyazemsky "Rozmov mіzh Vidavets and Klasik from the Viborskoy side or from the Vasilivsky island", we will write in the straight line of Pushkin's passing. Here Vyazemskiy brought up the problem of the nationality of literature and from the polemical development of the “classics” against the aesthetic normativeism, the stronghold of such non-name books; Kachenovsky.

"The Epoch of the 1830s." vizrіvala in the nadra in front, and the symptoms of a breakdown began to develop in private episodes of the history of the Pushkin stake. One of them buv a conflict between the “older” and “young” generations of the Delvigian gurtok: Delvig (partly from the driver's side by Pushkin), from one side, and from Podolinskiy and Rosen - from the other; Remains, scrutinized by strict analyzes of their creations (like to befallen Delvig), insult the "Literary Gazette". The principled sensation of Delvig's appearance in the fight against epigony, emerging as a symptom of the death of literary schools and straightforwardness. Near Pletnyov's leaf, April 14, 1831 Pushkin, having started the poetry of Delary and Podolinsky as a "mystery" for the appearance of "creativity"; Mayzhe at the same hour Delvig ironically wrote about the "smooth" verses of Podolinsky, I write even "light". Yak Pushkin and Delvig learned about the production of ready-made poetry models created by Pushkin; Pushkin himself is clearly heavy to singing, "unlike" the new one himself.

All the tendencies were manifested in the new world in the journal "Sovremennik" (1836), in which Pushkin, I was left to try to add his own number of writers and solidify his program in the folding literary-suspicious situation of the 1830s.

Having become a contemporary of the Sovremennik, Pushkin, stabbing at me, will try to study his own writers and solidify his aesthetic program. In 1836, the most modern boulevards were surrounded by an erect fence for a new period. "Contemporary" with permissions as a literary collection in chotir'oh volumes, to be seen as an almanac type, and from the very cob, having conceived a vice, will melt all the hard stretches of the 1830s rr. censorship regime. For this reason, the program, planned by Pushkin for "Literaturnaya gazeta", has been adopted: there is a possibility of publishing quiet writers, because for quiet reasons they did not want to write in other organizations. Until such a release, the whole pushkin literary middle was heavy; Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky took part in Sovremennik, who published here, in addition to the great ones, the most significant of their critical articles of the other half of the 1830s: “Napoleon and Yuliy Caesar,” “New”, Poems by E. Kiyne Op. M. Gogol "; Baratinsky (verse "To Prince P.A. V'yazemsky"), D. Davidov (vershi, statti " partisan war"I" Busy Dresden. 1813 10 Bereznya "), Pletnyov, V.F. Odoevskiy (article "About vorozhnechі to the knowledge, to talk in the new literature", "Yak we write novels"), N.М. Mov. Pushkin was invited to participate and new literature: A.V. Koltsova, N.A. Durov, Sultan Kazi Gireya and in. Pushkin himself has overruled in Sovremennik “The Miserly Lyceum”, “Kapitan's Daughter” and a number of important critical articles.

The death of Pushkin cut off the ringing. Won was in the midst of the change of literary epochs, and in many ways she sped up the change. "Pushkinska epoh" step by step went in the past. Already 1840-i pp. Visuyut new names and new priorities, - but all the present Russian literary life, sometimes more, sometimes less, now to relate to oneself from the history of history, as it is to begin with it as a “golden life”.