Russian singing of the 19th ear of the 20th century. sredbny vik
The Danish synopsis can be vikoristovuvati yak for an overview lesson on the topic "Trains of the Holy Capital", as well as in the form of a repetitive and general lesson from the stasis of group technologies. The whole lesson allows you to repeat and publicize knowledge according to those, developing the creative health and natural relish of the scientists, the prelude to the past, and the practice in the group.
Zavantazhiti:
Front view:
Literary lesson in grade 11
(From the design technologies)
I spent
teacher of Russian language
Literatury Zhagrova V.V.
tsіlі:
- to repeat and publicize knowledge on the theme of the "Travel of the Holy Capital": to see the particularities of the greatest literary lines, as to become the journey of Russian modernism - symbolism, acmeism, futurism and imagination; vis-à-vis the zagalny art principle;
- development of creative health and relish of scientists, їх pre-slіdnitskі navichki, ministry of pratsyuvati in the group;
- Welcome to the homework of children.
Go to lesson.
Introduce the word of the reader.
Срібный вік ... The very same word is associated with our association with what we give and be beautiful. Trains for a period of time for his sutta as a bi melody of words, in a free sound order.
Sered lights, in the least light
With one star, I repeat іm'ya ...
Chi is not the right one, but I Її kohav,
And to that, I am tormented with the others.
It’s important to me in sum,
I am at Her only whimpering about,
Chi is not the same, as there is light from her,
And to that, she doesn't need light.
Inokenty Annenskiy ... Beast to respect, very much, figuratively, philosophically!
However, Srіbny Vіk, in the view of the Pushkin era, called in the Russian literature "golden wіk", cannot be called the only one - do not know the great - the im'yam; It’s rather difficult for a poet to lead to the creativity of one or two words. This is the peculiarity of this period, that they lived and created singing in New Years, which represent a rich literary trend, which promotes the development of poetry. The skin of them was transformed into an over-the-top music of the verse, the original verse of the sentiment and experience of the lyrical hero, straightened into the maybut.
Years at the lesson about such a phenomenon in Russian literature, like modernism. We talked about a lot of new things and in detail and on a seasonal basis as well as a bag. The result of our days was a book about Russian modernism, the 19th century - the ear of the 20th century, put together by us based on the materials of literature, our knowledge, relish, likeness.
Today we have asked you to visit our Literary Salon for the presentation of the book.The master of the salon is Valeva Olena. Їth word.
Veducha:
- The director, like they put before themselves, flipping the book, - to look out the special features of the most literary direct, as to become the poetry of Russian modernism - symbolism, acmeism, futurism and imaginism; vis-à-vis the zagalny art principle; try to do it I'll put in a picture Poetic epochs, called Sribny capitals, without which to finish it smoothly rozibratis in the surroundings and manifestations.
- The book was folded with spilny zusillas. The groups of “symbolic”, “akmeist”, “futurist” and “imaginative”, like, having instilled literary knowledge dzherela, tried to put down a short note about the literary direct, name and name poets, as they represent them in a poetic manner. At the same time, a group of artists was praised, they picked up the works of artists and composers of the Holy Table for decoration.
- see the book Zagalna characteristic understanding "modernism"
side 1
Modernism.
The term "modernism" in the French translation means new, contemporary, and in a wide sense, it is the home of the cognitive manifestations of the art and literature of the 20th century, which came from the traditions of the name of the world.
The term "modernism" is accurately conveyed to the foundation in the literature of the Middle Ages the idea of the stem new literature joining “in the system of uniquely independent artistic direct and flowing, which is characterized by the perception of disharmony in the light, the development of realism according to traditions, rebellious-disingenuous children who are overwhelmed by the motives of their own and sub'-active associations. The modernity of the modernity, the modernity, the glamor of the "divine world of being in the lives of artists only".
Symbolism, acmeism, futurism, imaginism are the main trends in modernism.
side 2
symbolism
Providna. The upcoming side of the book is assigned to the most large literary strait from 19 to the ear of the 20th century to symbolism.Symbolism (in Greek. Symbolon - sign, symbol) - directly in the European mystery of 1870-1910 years; one of the modernist trends in the Russian travel at the turn of the 19th-20th century. It is important to sense the meaning and ideas, obscure, often vaguely sentiments and visions, which are involved in the rotation behind the additional symbol.
The very word "symbol" in the traditional poetry means "richly meaningful narrative", that is, a poetic image, which turns the essence of something like a phenomenon; in the poetry of symbolism, the transmission of individual, often simultaneous manifestation of the poet is conveyed.
For poetics, symbolism is characterized by:
- transfer of the hardest times of the soul;
- maximally victorious sound and rhythmic recordings of the train;
- vishukana imagery, musicality and lightness of style,
- poetics at a stretch and narration;
- symbolic reminder of servant words;
- placing up to the word yak to cipher what spiritual secret writing;
- discomfort, prikhovani sense;
- pragnennya to create a picture of ideal light;
- estetization of death yak a spike on the cob;
- elite, orientation, to the reader, the author, the creator
Symbolism is not a uniform phenomenon, it is stringent and utterly verbose. Winning in his ranks poets, who were met by the hour of the most childish glances. Literary knowledge has adopted the development of "senior" and "young" symbols.
"Older symbols" | "Mladosymbolistov" |
||
Peterburzka group | Moskovska group |
||
representatives | D. Merezhkovsky Z. Gippius F. Sologub І. Annensky | V. Bryusov K. Balmont | A. Blok A. Biliy V. Ivanov Ellis |
theorists | D. Merezhkovsky | V. Bryusov | V. Solovyov |
statti | D. Merezhkovsky "About the cause of the fall and about new developments in the current Russian literature» | V. Bryusov "Klyuchi tamnits"; K. Balmont "Elementary words about symbolic travel" | A. Biliy "About relіgіynі experiences" |
magazines | "Pivnichny Visnik" | Terezi Apollo | |
The interconnection between the “older” and the “young” symbolisms is not styled by virtue of the fact, but through the growth of lightness and directness of creativity.
The “elders of symbolism” were not put in place of the establishment of systems of symbols; the stench of a great world of epatage decadents, impressions, as they pushed to convey the same kind of moods, the ruins of the soul. The step-by-step word yak nosy senseu for symbols has lost the price. Vono the value of tilka yak sound, musical note, yak lanka in the out-of-the-way musical inducement has come up.
"Mladosymbolistov" spiraling into the opening ceremony of the philosopher-idealist and poet Vl. Solovyov, having lost the idea of Plato about "dvoemіrіі". Solovyov prophesying the end of the light, if having loaded the people into the picture, it will be hidden and brought up to a new life as a divine ear - "Holy Soul" (won "Vichna Life."
- One of the initiators of Russian symbolismBuv Dmytro Sergiyovich Merezhkovsky
D.S. Merezhkovsky Bouv is one of the founders of Russian symbolism. Scho viyshov in 1892 a poetry collection "Symbols" was created in Petersburg in 1892, giving it to the nascent Russian poetry. Ale, developing the main for the symbolism of the motives of the innocent self-reliance of the people in society, the fatal split of the specialness and proclaiming beauty, "yaka ryatu svit" He did not accept the revolution, since 1920 he has lived in emigration.
Naybilsh yaskravim virshem, how I visualize the poet's light, I vvazhay virsh"That will not be."
- One of the representatives of the Moscow Group of Senior Symbols of the BuvKostyantin Dmitrovich Balmont
In the end of the XIX - the ear of the XX century K.D. Balmont will not find the middle Russian poets. In those early revolts, sensitive motives of huge grief and self-righteousness, which came to fruition in the face of the popular journey. Slid for cim win, having played yak one of the earliest representatives of symbolism. In addition, Balmont is seen as a kind of transcription and a dignified mandarin: he has been walking on all continents.
In 1920, he sings with hunger and ailments, singing to France. All backsliding and napivbozhevilny, Vin died in front of Paris.
"Dzvin"
- I, very well, rozmova about symbolism buv bi incomprehensiblewithout Oleksandr Oleksandrovich Bloku.
Oleksandr Oleksandrovich Blok is one of the symbols of the vocabulary of life as a poet of national and national significance. In the Russian poetry, the winners have taken their place as a representative of symbolism, altogether beyond the bounds of the canonical literary directly, meaningfully expanding, however, they are not ruinous.
The romanticism of the mature Blok is not less than anything special with the sub'activism of his youthful lyricism, which is well known as in "Virsha about the Beautiful Lady", as well as the demonic image of Dunno.
Bringing Blok into the Russian poetry is superbly great. In his creative work, all the most recent trends of the Russian poetry of the pre-new period have come to an end.
"I convey to you ..."
side 3
acmeism
Providna. Dal in our book on the next article about the direction, formed as a reaction to extreme symbolism - acmeism.Acmeism (as Greek. Acme - the step of something, something, growth, maturity, peak, wind) is one of the modernist trends in the Russian era of the 1910s, which was formulated as a reaction of the symbol to extreme.
The main principle of acmeism:
** The zealous journey from the symbolic invocations to the ideal, the turning of the clarity;
** vidma from mystical nebula, accepting the earthly light in yo riznomanitti, visible concreteness, sonority, barvism;
** pragnennya nadati to the singing word, more precisely meaning;
subject and clarity of images, vitality of details;
** brutalization to the people, to the "fairness" of yogo sentiments;
a roll call with past literary epochs, the most aesthetic associations, "tough for the culture of the world."
- One of the forefathers in acmeism of the bookMikola Stepanovich Gumilov
NS. Gumilov - sings, prose writer, playwright, critic, one of the masterpieces of acmeism, the book "Poet's Workshop". For yogo travel is characterized by a craving for exoticism, poetry of history, a passion for yaskravikh farbs, and a passion for compositional clarity.
In his youth, Gumilov went up in price a lot. Cholovik Anni Akhmatova, in 1914 volunteered for the front; nagorozheniy two houses St. George's chrests. In 1921 there were cases of arrests for unauthorized incidents and executions as a participant in the counterrevolutionary snake."On the road"
- Narіvnі with cholovіkami in the poetry of Russian modernism, sounding the voice of a woman... Anna Andriyivna AkhmatovaShe had her own creative work within the framework of akmeizmu, became, in a fair way, a great national poet.
Lyrica A. A. Akhmatovoy went into the Russian journey with a stream of great respect. The purity of the movement, the timeliness of the poetic tone, the simplicity, a little more superficially varied images, remind the lyrical verses of the great psychological wizard. The style of singing yak bi fusing in its own tradition of the classics and the novelty of the Russian poetry, and the witness of the era, the experience of the coming days, the tricks of his own music in them were posed to Akhmatov, according to the great reference.
"Stiffened hands in a dark veil"
- The upcoming part of our book is assigned toOsip Mandelstam.
O. E. Mandelstam - sings, prose, essayist; having added to acmeism from the first crocs of the cycle of literature. The philosophical glybin is characteristic of the yogo journey. outburst of interest to history. Mandelstam is a shining master of the poetic word. Yogo vіrshі are borderline short, filled with historical and literary associations, musical and rhythmically evolving.
The song of the revolution sings in a deed with a friend. In 1934, there were a number of bids for making decisions and directions for sending. In 1938, they made their way to a camp near Vladivostok.
"For the grimace, the valor of the present capital"
Providna. Be it a modernist trend in mystery, it has become a modernist movement in the old days of norms, canons, traditions. However, on the edge of extremism, futurism is evolving in a general plan.
side 4
Futurism.
Futurism (in Latin Futurum - maybutn) is the name of the avant-garde artists of the 1910s - the ear of the 1920s of the 20th century for everything in Italy and Russia.
The main signs of futurism:
- rebelliousness, anarchy svitoglyadu, viraz of mass sentiments of NATO;
- zaprechenya cultural traditions, try to set the mystery, straightened in maybutn;
- a revolt of the opposing norms of virsovanoy movi, experimentation in the field of rhythm, rimi, an introduction to the usny versh, extinguished, a poster;
- the jokes of the open “self-willed” word, experimentation with the stem of the “foul” move;
- cult of technology, industrial places;
- pathos epatazu.
cubo-futurism "Gilea" | his futurism | "Mezzanine Poetry" | "Centrifuge" |
|
representatives | David Burliuk, Vasyl Kamensky, Velimir Khlabnikov, Oleksiy Kruchenikh, Volodymyr Mayakovsky | Igor Severyanin, Vasilisk Gnedov, Ivan Ignatiev | Rurik Ivnev, Sergei Tretyakov, Kostyantin Bolshakov | Mikola Asєєv, Boris Pasternak, Semyon Kirsanov |
statti | "Liapas to the suspenseful relish" | "The Tablets of His Poems" | S. Bobrov "Russian purism" |
|
magazines | Poetic collection "Sadok Suddiv" | Almanacs "Vernissage", "Benket pid the hour of the plague", "Crematorium development" | Zbirnik "Rukogon" |
- "Gilea" is a Persha futuristic group. The stinks called themselves the same "cubofuturism" or "Bulyane" (I will name the qiu after pronouncing Khlabnikov). Rokom її fell asleep in 1908, as the main warehouse was opened in 1909 1910. David Burliuk, Vasil Kamensky, Velimir Hlєbnіkov, Olexiy torsion Volodymyr Mayakovsky became predstavnikami naybіlsh radical wing rosіyskoї lіteraturnoї Futurism, yaky vіdrіznyavsya revolyutsіynim rebellion against bourgeois opozitsіynoї nalashtovanіstyu suspіlstva, Yogo moralі, estetichnih smakіv, vsієї sistemi suspіlnih vіdnosin.
Volodymyr Mayakovsky
VV Mayakovsky is one of the leaders in cubo-futurism and Russian avant-garde art. You have a vinyatka role in the Russian story of the 20th century. Sings has invaded the traditional system of virshuvannya, greatly reworking її. The verse of Mayakovsky is based not on the music of the rhythm, but on the voice of the word, on the іntonatsіyu. The number of warehouses in a row has lost the role of rimi in the first steps of the highest importance, the role of rimi has grown, and the growing character of the change has been rapidly manifested. Tse buv principled noviy krok in the development of the Russian travel.
The revolution in which changed Mayakovsky's glance at the supportive role of the artist. In the past period of creativity, we have seen futurism. The poet's share was tragic: not far from the surroundings in the struggle of literary groups and in a special life, they led him to suicide.
"Hear"
- On the vidminu of cubo-futurism, which is the viris of creative spirit of one-thinkers, his futurism is buv the individual wine-walker of the poet Igor Severyanin. It’s not a matter of concrete creative programs, but the sound of his own futurism bouly:
1.soul is one of the only truths;
2. self-determination of specialness;
3. humor of the new without rejecting the old;
4. comprehension of neologisms;
5.smіlivі images, іnіteti, asonance and dissonance;
6. Fight against stereotypes and headpieces.
It can be seen that there are no theoretical innovations given the "program" to take revenge. In nіy Severyanin will actually play himself with a single and unique poetic specialty.
The northerner became one of his futurists, who became a successor to the history of the Russian journey. Yogo vіrshі were transformed into a soundness, sonority and lightness. Vін vіrtuozno volodіv word. Rimi yogo bully superbly svіzhі, smіlivі, and wonderfully harmonious.
Igor Severyanin
Igor Severyanin is the pseudonym of Igor Vasilovich Lotarev. Already the first books have secured the glory of the Severyanin as a salon poet. Bagato yogo vіrshіv became manіrnіstu; an overwhelming predilection for neologism and earthy vocabulary brought the poet to the brink of ness. At the same hour, the Severians lay down a number of creations, for some characteristic barvism, variability and melody of poetry movement, foldable rimming, manifestation of original transformed forms.
In 1918, he sings rock music after being in Estonia and after the establishment of the bourgeois republic there appeared in emigration. The drama of being separated from Batkivshchyna is clearly seen in the middle of the years... "If at night"
- In the "mezzanine of poets" there are no great values, similar to the Mayakovsky, but to the Khlebnikovs, who are quick to reach the schoolchildren, I want to self-serve the theoretical base of my group. .O'єdnannya rose in the end of 1913 to rock.
- The Moscow futuristic group "Centrifuga" was established in 1914 in modern rock. The main feature in the theory and artistic practice of the participants of the "Centrifuges" is that, when prompted by the lyrical creature, the center of respect for the word like this is shifted to the antonic-rhythmic and syntactic structures. In his creativity, the futuristic experimentation was organically applied and relied on tradition, the practicality of tying his own virtue to the artistic creativity of the generations in front.
Boris Pasternak
One of the most famous representatives of the "Centrifuge" є BL Pasternak. The twists and turns of the poetical style of Pasternak lie in the modern literature of the 20th century, in aesthetic empathy.
Early yogo folds in form, densely filled with metaphors. Already in them one can see the freshness of the skin, the thickness and the glybin. Pasternak is rocked by the loving sub-activity of images and associations. If we stay philosophical and work hard, we will know all the more insight, the classic clarity.
"Luti"
"Svіcha gorіla" (romance)
Providna. The rest of the boring school in the Russian journey of the 20th century bouv imazhinizm.
side 5
іmazhinizm
Іmazhinizm (from FR. І Eng. Image - image) is a literary-mystetic trend, which has been celebrated in Russia in the first revolution of rock based on the literary practice of futurism.
The main signs of the art:
- the supremacy of "the image of such a yak"; the image is the most out-of-the-box category;
- creativity is poetic є the process of developing movi through a metaphor;
- sum of metaphors;
- poetic zmіst є evolution to the image and the taste of the most primitive image;
- the text, which is a simple, clear zmist, cannot be presented before the galuze of the trip, as it is the visitor who has a better ideological function; vіrsh zh maє is a "catalog of images", however, it is read from the ear to the end.
Іmazhinizm bv the last sensational school in the Russian journey of the 20th century. One of the organizers and the renowned leader of the group, Buv V. Shershenevich, who started as a futurist, the abundance of poetry and theoretical experiments of Shershenevich from the ideas of F. Marinett and V. Mines and creative shukan. The majors inherited the futuristic epatage of the public, but for a long time already not new "zuhvalosti" wore a theatrically new, if not secondarily, character.
- Bagato was injected into the development of the current, poetical creativity Sergia Asenina , Yakiy entering the kitchen ob'єdnannya.
SA Esenin is the head of his creativity, respecting the "lyrical feeling" and "imagery". Dzherelo-shaped misinformation of vin bachiv in folklore, folk mov. The whole metaphor of Asenin is inspired by the mutual relations of people and nature. The beauty and beauty of the Russian people have represented the spiritual beauty of the Russian people. Naytonshiy lyric, a charm of the Russian landscape, Asenin buv at all chuiny to earthly farbs, sounds and smells.
As a result of the revolution in the wild and low Yesenin lyricism, there is a new "roving-roving" rice, bringing it closer to the images.
The poet's share was tragic. In the country of depression, he ended his life by suicide.
"We are now available to giblets ..."
teacher: We zapped the rest of the book, Alerozmova about the poetry of modernism is not finished at all. We have already said that the particularity of this period is in the way in which they lived and created singers, often diametrically opposed in their artistic passions and creative shukans. The odd stench obscured the fierce polemic, different ways osagnennya buttya. In a cafe with colorful names "Stray Dog", "Rozheviy Likhtar", "Stylo Pegasa", representatives of the latest trends fell one on one with criticism, leading to their ability to deprive themselves of their own direct, their own in the crest of the new mystery. I will propose to you the organizuvati such discussion.
Discussion.
acmeisti:
I am good for you, since the generation of symbolism has evolved from the brightest people, who have sensed the culture of the world in the ocean, as they have avoided the cultural decline of their homeland, protesting the viscous spirit of the culture, the openness of the culture. And the drowning in the musical basis of the verse called to the point of the poetry, relieved of any logical sense.
symbols:
- Mi vvazhaumo, so the poetics of the associatio, natyakiv, yak require deciphering, reception and comprehension artistic details Yes, send robots and ask the reader. And the maximal sound and rhythmic recording of the poetry, the musicality and lightness of the style add to the common people themselves, or to find the tragic speeches of writing with a vivid imagery.
With the help of this, you can serve virsh Blok"The girl was sleeping in the church choir",written in the crescent of 1905 rock, if the Russian-Japanese vіyna ended. Spіv dіvchini and chorus - tse a prayer about those who have gone from the native lane, about those who have left for a foreign country. In all of the prayers and spiritual admission - sums, disagreements, tragic tragedy, denunciations in the face of the tragic for Russia result of breaking 1905 to the fate:"The clerical tamnits", to know in advance, the visitor; "Visoko, at the royal gates ... the child was crying" - the Savior-child in the arms of the Mother of God.So, for an hour, it’s important to "decipher" the symbols of the virshi, ale yak tse sound beautiful!
The futurists are so excited about nothing! Sutsilny "Drok Blvd Shchil ..."!
futurists:
It’s not true, I’ll read only one stanza from Mayakovsky, if you change again, we will tell you more about it:
I want to be the intelligence of my land,
And why I won’t be smart, well,
For the native land I will go by the side,
Yak pass oblique boards.
And I vvazhayu, that the poetry of Asenin is intellectual, in all his verses there are no philosophical thoughts: no philosophy of love, no philosophy of nature!
іmaginіsty:
- Then є the very same love, gliboke, wider! The very nature. He tells us about ourselves, about our simple, natural sentiments, and that є one of the popularly loved singing at a time, through more than a week.
Urivok "Asenina spivayut"
(To sound the song "Above the end of the month")
Schob finish tsyu supercheck, give a word to Marina Kuznatsov. Vona spent a little to a robot: The creativity of the symbolism was correlated to the Bloc and the art of Asenin. How many visitors did you come?
Doslidzhennya Kuznotsovo M.
Visnovki, delivery of pidsumkiv.
Vidomy literary M. Gasparov in his robot "Poetics of the" capital of the capital "rightly respects, but" modernism is not an ordinary rank to the Russian poetry of the 20th century. Virshi of modernism has become a small part, an exotic little bit of our modern literature. " Protest, if we talk about the phenomenon, named "The Trains of the Holy Capital", then rely on respect to the Persha of the Russian modernism, and become the head rank of the best poetry directly - symbolism, akmaism
They are unimportant on the significant and internal super-fluxes, the skin from them gave the least of the great names and miraculous verses, as if to get lost in the pet shop of the Russian middles of the generation and the knowledge of their future generations.
Conclude the word.
Laconic bouv Срібний вік. Styles and loose. The biographies of all the creators of the poetic miracle were tragic. The hour, when it came to me, was fatal. Ale, yak vidomo, "if you don't vibrate, you live and die in them." The poets of the Holy Capital brought the citizens to the bottom of the bowl: chaos and lawlessness of revolutionary rock and colossal destruction, knowing the spiritual basis of their understanding.
Blok, Khlabnikov, Bryusov went out of their lives without a break from the revolution.
Bagato emigruvali, unable to blame the life in an unvaccinated fatherland, became one mite a machukha: Merezhkovsky, Gippius, Bunin, Vyach. Ivanov, Balmont, Adamovich, Burliuk, Khodasevich, Sasha Chorniy, Severyanin, Tsvєtaєva and a lot of them. Most of them lived a surplus of life beyond the cordon, many of them turned to Russia.
If I want it, it would have become for them, I will not let us summarize, but also the share of Tsvєtaєvoi, yaka, imposed on herself the idea of turning to Batkivshchyna. Asenin і Mayakovsky called her beauty from her life.
Those, who became imprisoned in Russia, were infiltrated by the totalitarian regime: Razstrilany for unauthorized incidents of Gumilov; died in the Stalinist camps Klyuv, Mandelstam, Narbut, Livshits, Klichkov, Vvedensky, Kharms.
Tі w, hto vtsіlіv at the tsіy meat grinder, bouly prirechenі for moving. And the poets, as they were victorious with the new ruler, also checked the unenviable literary share: for Mayakovsky, Kamensky, Gorodetsky, the won turned into a second talent and a second creative individuality.
The deyakis sued themselves to the point of being forced to move, having gone through the revolution in the first galuzy literature, engaging in journalism, prose, dramaturgy, and transcriptions. Bagato s name on dovgі rocky bouli vіddanі zabuttyu. Ale "it is impossible to pass on the ground without traces." The phenomenon of culture under the name "Sribny Vіk" has turned to us among the top creators, for that, more often than not, it’s just beautiful you can vryatuvati light.
To sound the song "Nostalgia"
at the viconanna I. Talkova
In the face of a catastrophe: payment for the past and hope for a great turning point soared in the next. Hour saw yak prikordonne, if it was not just big bangs, stosunki, but the very system of spiritual values in the way of radical changes.
Russia has a socially-political tension: a zagalny conflict, in which trivial feudalism has intertwined, the lack of nobility of viconati, the role of organizer of the suspension and virobity of the foreign national idea, the onslaught of the new bourgeoisie Intellectuals are almost overwhelmed by the shock. І one hour a quick splash, the development of cultural life. New magazines are being seen, theaters are being seen, new opportunities are presented to artists, actors, writers. Їх pouring into the suspension is great. One hour a mass culture is formed, rooted in an unprepared co-worker, and an elite culture, scho to be attracted to znavts. It's a masterpiece to flare up. One hour the Russian culture pidsilyuє contact with svitovoy culture. Insane authority in Europe of Tolstoy and Chekhov, Tchaikovsky and Glinka. "Russian seasons" in Paris became popular for their light. The names of Perov, Nesterov, Korovin, Chagall, Malevich are shining in painting; in theaters: Meyerhold, Nezhdanovo, Stanislavsky, Sobinov, Shalyapin; in ballets: Nizhinsky and Pavlovo, in nauts: Mendelev, Tsilkovsky, Sechenov, Vernadsky. Marina Tsvєtaєva sverdzhuvala, “for such great number of talents, nature is guilty of being at ease”.
In literature, the respect for individuality, specialty grew superbly: "Viyna and the world" ("Viyna and people") by L. Tolstoy, "Lyudin" by Gorky, "I" and the tragedy "Volodymyr Mayakovsky" by V. Mayakovsky. Vinikak vidmova from the traditional moralizing, propaganda, povchayut themes: "Yak life?", "Who robiti?", "Yak buti? All prices - and economic races, and the development of science, the advancement of technology and ideas on the frontiers of the capital, should be brought to the reappraisal of values, until the hour is learned, that the new ideas, the ways, the new ones are being learned. Sounds and sounds of new forms.
A new trend is developing in literature - modernism. At your own chergu, you can go straight ahead: symbolism, acmeism, futurism. Poet-symbolism - Bryusov, Merezhkovsky, Blok, Balmont, Gippius, Ivanov, Andriy Biliy, Baltrushaytis - were visualized at the top of the light ideas, svitoglyad. Akmeisti - Gumilov, Akhmatova, Mandelshtam, Kuzmin, Gorodetsky - the verses were swayed by svitovidchuttya, light of speeches and feelings, the comprehension is poetic. Futurists zagalі missed the colossal light in іm'ya stem of the Maybut; until the end of the current there were Mayakovsky, Khlabnikov, Severyanin, Guro, Kamensky. At the frontiers of the era, addictions were violated, so they wriggle into the miracles of the wind, as they became the classics of the year, and then they wake up like a wiklik, a little melodic and beautiful!
Tse bulo bilya of the sea, de azhurna pina.
Decrease the small age of the year
The queen of the grala - at the vezha castle - Chopin,
I, listen to Chopin, falling in love with the її page.
An unprecedented hour bred also unwitting answers to the style of genres and themes. New forms appeared with reading sessions - creative parties, for which reading verses were supravdzhuvalosya music.
Ti leaf can, mile, do not crumple.
Until the end of the day, friend, read it.
I didn’t know me,
Bootie stranger on your way ...
Ti leaf is mo, miliy, do not crumple,
Do not cry about the commanded nonsense,
Ty yogo in your bedniy torbintsi
Lay at the very bottom.
Rukh symbolism is victorious as a protest against the teaching of the Russian poetry, as a pragmatic saying in it a word, to turn the force of life. Russian symbolism is rapidly evolving from the backward view of all its viglyad - spirituality, the creation of creative individuals, by the strength and wealth of its beasts.
Everyday, days of spring,
Cold khvili bilya nig,
In the heart - there is no comfort,
Hvily go to the pic.
Vidlunnya, the song is far away,
Ale rozriznity - I can’t.
Crying soul samotnya
There, on the birch tree.
Philosopher Volodymyr Solovyov made a magnificent infusion on Russian symbols. Idea about two svitah - "dvuemirie" - Bula is very much taken over by the symbolists.
І prozorі kioski,
At the sound-sounding silence,
Virostayut, start blisks,
With a blaky month.
Go off the month of exposure
With a blaky month ...
Sounds are major,
Sounds flattering to me.
The acmeisti were seen from the symbols. The stench smelled the mystical aspiration of symbolism. The acmeisti voiced the self-esteem of the earthly, indulgent light, its farbs and forms, they called them "love the earth" and how you can speak less about the vitality. The stench wanted to test the earthly light from all of its plurality and strength, from all fleshly, by its value.
Prozora frogє shroud
On a fresh tree and uncomfortable tanya.
Zhorstoka, cold spring
Nalіvshіesya nirki drive in.
I early death so zhakhlivy viglyad,
But I cannot wonder at God's light.
I have sorrow, like King David
Having presented a thousand years in a kingly way.
Futurists entered the literary arena of Troja earlier than akmeistiv. The stench has stripped the classics and all the old literature seems to be dead. “Tilki mi - revealing our hour,” the stench said. Russian futurists are a phenomenon of self-confidence, as a non-viral transmission of the great shocks and glorification of grandiose changes in the suspension. Tsereba vіdobraziti in new forms. "It is not possible," the stench said, "to convey the rhythms of the misplaced place in the Onegin stanza."
I immediately smeared the map of everyday life,
squelching the farba from the flasks,
I showed jelly on the dishes
vitality to the ocean.
3 ribin on vivisk.
after reading the new lips
And vi
nocturne zigrati
could b
on flutes of water pipes?
The train of the "capital city", rosumiyuchi її widely, threw its nasinnya into the Maybut.
Federal Agency for Education
State Religious Institution
"Volodymyr State University"
Department of Vitality History
Art. gr. Rzh-109
"Sribny Vik" Russian Poezia (KinetsXIX- earXX stolittya)
kerivnik:
Volodymyr 2009
I. Entry: Russia at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries 3
II. "Sribny Vik" of the Russian Poetry (the end of the 19th century - the ear of the 20th century) 5
1. Symbolism. Viznachennya, history, singing-symbols 5
2. Acmeism. Valuation, history, main signs of current 7
3. Futurism and straight ahead 13
a) Cubo-Futurism 15
b) its futurism 18
c) Іmazhinizm 23
4. Інші poetry trends. Satiristic and rural poetry, constructivism, singers were not included in foreign schools 26
a) Constructivism 26
b) Satire 27
c) Selyanski poets 28
d) Sing flowing pose 29
5. The link of the Volodymyr region with the poets of the "middle capital" 29
III. Visnovok: "Srіbniy vіk" yak a child of the capital, the size of the space between 30
Literature 32
I. Introduction: Russia on the frontiersXIX іXX table
In 1894, Emperor Mykola II came to the throne, who declared about the intention to follow the conservative course of the old man (Oleksandr III), and by calling out the vastness of the mindless worlds.
The Russian-Japanese war (born 1904-05) became the historical foundation of this period, as it was remembered in 1904 by the rapid attack of the Japanese fleet on the ships of the Pacific squadron, which were in the roadstead of Port Arthur. The most powerful fights broke out on the territory of Manchuria, the Japanese army lastly started the Russian army in the battle of Liaoyan in 1904, in Veresna - on the village of Shakhe. 20 chest 1sichnya 1905), having fallen, lined with Japanese wisks Port Arthur. Have a fierce 1905 Russian army she became aware of the heavy defeat at Mukden, in the same way the Japanese fleet might have increased the 2nd Pacific squadron in the sea battle at Tsusima. The great sickle of 1905 BV of the Portsmouth Light, for the minds of which Russia handed over to Japan the old part of Sakhalin Island, gave Japan the right to order the Liaodong Pivostrov, in the name of Korea.
Ear of XX century. marked by the start of a massive workforce and village ruch... A strike at the Obukhivsky Zavod in St. Petersburg in 1901 flew to the police station. In 1902, a mass demonstration was held in Sormovo (in front of Nizhny Novgorod). Let's take an hour to strike at the Zlatoust Zbroyov Plant on the 13th birch of 1903, the workers were fired on (69 people got lost, 250 were wounded). At the same time, the promislovi of the Pivdnya Rossiya enterprise hunted a zagalny strike. After the head of the Moscow security service, set it on the ear of the 1900s, pp. legal work organization, which is going under the control of the power, did not take care of the situation in other uriadic spheres and missed the bad luck.
Sheds 1902 were brought in by a large number of villagers in Poltava and Kharkiv provinces, driven by them. During the summer of 1902, the village zaorushennya hunted a number of stories of the Kursk, Volinsky, Chernigiv, Voronez, Kherson, Saratov, Simbirsk, Ryazan Cuban provinces. The growth of the village ruch has taken the revival in the middle of the radical intellectuals and the revolutionary potential of the Russian peasantry. In 1901-02, the development of neo-nationalist gurts and organizations were merged into the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries (Eseri), and the Boy's Organization had a number of terrorist acts against the suspension of high-ranking officials. Rapidly active student movement: in 1900-10), the zavorushenya was hunted down even by all universities and deyaki іnshі іnshі vishі nvchalnі pledged. Bagato students in the boulevard were assigned and buildings in the soldier. A member of the party of the European Union of 14 February 1901 mortally wounded the Ministry of National Education. On the 4th birch of 1901, the police went out of their way with the participants of the demonstration of students and cadets on the square of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg. Shirilosya zemstvo rukh, the participants in the yak vimagali expansion of the rights of the zemstvos. At the time of the liberal movement, the Union of Vizvolennya was created in 1903, and the Union of Zemstvo-Constitutionalists was formed. In the course of the "banquet campaign" organized by the Union of Visibility in 1904 at the elections of representatives of the Liberal Intelligence of the Visitors, the representatives of the Russian government
The sharpening of social and political superfluous words in Russia has been slowing down all the time in the Russian-Japanese war. Until Naprikintsi 1904, the land was on the threshold of revolution.
II... "Sribny Vik" Russian Poezia (KinetsXIX - earXXstolittya)
1. Symbolism. Viznachennya, history, singing-symbolism.
Symbolism is the first and the most important of modern trends in Russia. For an hour, the formulation and the peculiarities of the glaring position in the Russian symbolism were taken to see two main stages. The singers who debuted in 1890s are called “senior symbolists” (V. Bryusov, K. Balmont, D. Merezhkovsky, Z. Gippius, F. Sologub et al.). In the 1900s, new forces merged into symbolism, but they created an image of the current (A. Blok, A. Biliy, V. Ivanov et al.). Accept the meaning of "other sickness" symbolism - "youngosimvolism". “Elder” and “young” symbolism is not a style of style, but a difference of lightness and straightforwardness of creativity.
Philosophy and aesthetics of symbolism evolved from the influx of young people - from the glances of the ancient philosopher Plato to the modern symbols of the philosophical systems V. Solovyov, F. Nietzsche, A. Bergson. The traditional idea of the idea of light in the mystery of symbolism was opposed to the idea of the construction of light in the process of creativity. Creativity in the intelligent symbolism is a visual and intuitive look at these messages, which is more accessible than artists and creators. Moreover, it is unwise to convey rationally the “tamnitsi”. Behind the words of the most common symbolism of the theorist Vyach. Ivanova, poetry є "secret writing of the invisible". The artist's vision is not only a super-rational chuinism, but a little bit of a spirit of mystery: the value of a great move is in “disaffection”, “prikhovanie sensu”. The head zasoba to convey the message to the smallest symbol.
“The category of music - a friend for the meaning (sending to the symbol) in the aesthetic and poetical practice of the new trend. The priest was victorious as symbolists in two different aspects - the ghostly and technical. In the first, philosophical meaning, music for them is not a sound rhythmically organized after-life, but a universal metaphysical energy, the first basis of any creativity. In another, technically meaningful, music is significant for symbolism as it is permeated with sound and rhythmic interpretations of the verbal texture of the verse, that is, E. Yak is the most victorious of musical compositional principles in the poetry. Virshi symbols of the decal will be enchanted by the verbal and musical spisos and echoes. "
Symbolism encompassing Russian poetical culture without any kind of vision. Symbols have given a poetic word to an unprecedented persuasiveness and richness, they have imbued a Russian poetry of insight into the words of an earlier appearance and an inter sense. The buzzes in the sphere of poetical phonetics evolved by the most prolific: the masters of varied assonance and effective aliteration of bouly K. Balmont, V. Bryusov, I. Annensky, A. Blok, A. Biliy. The rhythmic possibilities of the Russian verse have expanded, the stanza has become more versatile. However, the main merit of the cycle of literary currents is not tied to formal innovations.
Symbolism has built a new philosophy of culture, having pushed back, having gone through a long period of revaluation of values, virobiti is new universalne svitoglyad. Having suppressed the extremes of individualism and sub-activism, symbolism at the dawn of the new century, they put a new approach to the supportive role of the artist; In case of new manifestations of energy and formalism, the symbolism of zooms in practice remind the robot with an artistic form of new changes and, smut, the development of art is more special, personal.
Poet-symbolism: Annensky Inokenty, Balmont Kostyantin, Baltrushaytis Yurgis, Biliy Andriy, Blok Oleksandr, Bryusov Valeriy, Gippius Zinaida, Dobrolyubov Oleksandr, Zorgenfrey Vilhelm, Ivanovy Konstantin , Solovyova Poliksena, Strazhev Viktor, Tinyakov Oleksandr, Fofanov Kostyantin, Chulkov Georgiy.
2. Acmeism. Viznachennya, history, main signs of current
Akmeizm (as greek. Akme - a step of something, something, growth, maturity, peak, vistrya) is one of the modern trends in the Russian era of the 1910s, which was formed as a reaction of the symbol to extreme.
The addiction of symbolism to the "superreal", richness of meaning and plineness of images, accelerated metaphoricality, acmeism pushed to the sensitive plastic-speech clarity of the image and accuracy, carbanosity of the poetical word. Їх "earthly" poetry is subtle to intimacy, aesthetics and poetics of the senses of the primordial people. The acmeism of Bula is characterized by extreme apoliticality, on the other hand, to the burning problems of accessibility.
The acmeisti, who came to the change of symbolism, did not fail to break down in detail the philosophical and aesthetic programs. If, in the journey of symbolism, the initial factor was short-handedness, the mittєvist of the buttya, as a tame, is covered with a halo of mysticism, then in the capacity of an outdoor stone in the journey of acmeism, a realistic look at the speech. The foggy cunning and unclear symbols are replaced by precise verbal images. The word, on the thought of akmeistiv guilty podbati svіy cob sense.
A finding point in the hierarchy of values for them was culture, which is also the memory of the memory of the people. That is why the part of the acme of animal life is up to mythological plots and images. As symbolism in their creativity focused on music, then acmeies on the vastness of art: architecture, sculpture, painting. Heavy to trivial light, the subject matter in the flooded acmeists was violated: barvy, an exotic detail could be victorious with a purely malovny meta. Tobto "podolannya" to symbolism, which is not styled in the spheres of outlandish ideas, but rather in the field of poetical stylistics. In general sense, acmeism has a conceptual background, like symbolism, and in the whole common stench, it is insane, to be found in a decaying sound.
"Vidminnoy rice acmeist cola poets bula їkh" organizing zgurtovanist ". As a matter of fact, the acme of the boule is not in the style of being organized by the flow of a theoretical platform, but as a group of talented and even older singers, who were brought together by a special friendship. "The symbolism did not have anything similar: try Bryusov, and the marnimis appeared to be brothers. Those same were spastered by the futurists - unaffected by the great number of collective manifests, as they let the stench. Akmeisti, or - as they called it - "Hyperboreans" (for the name of the handy mouthpiece to Acmeism, the magazine that type of "Hyperborea"), was immediately presented as a single group. The stench was given to their union by the banner of the naming "Workshop of poets". And the ear of a new ruch (it was not a “common mind” in Russia for a new poetry group) after the scandal.
In 1911, the rock in the poetry salon of V'yacheslav Ivanov, the famous "Vezhi", was getting more poetical, and the reading and discussion of the revolts took place, and the "revolt" was dropped. A number of talented young poets defiantly went from the Chergovite of the "Academy of Virsha", drenched with criticism at their address "metіv" symbolism. Nadiya Mandelshtam describes the vipadoks in the following way: "" The Prodigal Sin "by Gumilov's book of readings in the" Academy of Virsha ", de prince V'yacheslav Ivanov, otchivannymi scholars. Winning "The Prodigal Sin" to the fair thug. In the beginning, Gumilov’s friends left the Academy and organized the Poetiv Workshop - to fight back. ”
And through the rik, in 1912, the six main members of the "Workshop" did not appear only formally, but only formally appeared in the symbolism. The stinks were organizing a new social friendliness, calling themselves "akmeists", that is, E. Vershinoy. When the "Workshop of Poets" was organized, the structure of the organization was taken care of - the acmeisti were deprived of the new one as an internal poetical organization.
The main ideas for acmeism bully vikladeni in the program articles of N. Gumilov "Recession to symbolism and acmeism" and S. Gorodetsky "Deyaky trends in the recent Russian poezii", published in the magazine "Apollo" (1913, vid.) ... The first of them were: “For the change of symbolism, I’d be straightforward, as it didn’t name itself, acmeism chi (from the word akme - a great step of something, it’s time) or adamism (husbandly firm and clear, look at everyone’s life) vypadku, so vimagaє more equal forces and more accurate knowledge of the difference between sub'єktom and ob'єktom, then it will be in symbolism. However, the current has consolidated itself at all times and has become a guiding offensive in advance, the demand has taken its recession and has taken on all power supplies. Glory to the ancestors of the gobs'yazuє, and the symbolism of a goddamn old father. "
S. Gorodetskiy having respected that "symbolism ... memorized the light of" vidpovidniki ", turning him into a phantom, an important deprivation of remnants, oskilki guilt ... enlightened with his great self-esteem. Among the akmeists, the Trojand has already become good by itself, by its pelusts, smell and color, and not by its misleading similarities with mystical love, for something is not there. "
In 1913, Mandel'shtam's article "Wounds to Acmeism" was written, and it left a lot of rockets out of it. The line in the publication was not exactly the same: Mandelstam's acmeistic looks were quite different from the declarations of Gumilov and Gorodetsky and did not go to the side of Apollo.
However, as T. Skryabin stands for, “the first idea of a new straight bullet was hung on the sides of Apollo much earlier: in 1910 M. Kuzmin appeared in the magazine before the article“ About beautiful clarity ”, which anticipated the declaration of a declaration of acmeism. Until the moment of writing the statty, Kuzmin was already a grown-up person, who was behind the shoulders of the progress in symbolic period. The vapid and foggy level of symbolism, the "unreasonable and dark in the mystery" Kuzmin opposes the "beautiful clarity", "clarism" (from the Greek. Clarus - clarity). The artist, according to Kuzmin, is guilty of bringing clarity into the light, which is not zaplyamovavsya, but clarify the sense of speeches, shukati harmony with navkolishnim. Philosophical-relіgіynі shukannya symbolistіv didn’t choke Kuzmin: on the right of the artist - zoosereditsya on the aesthetic side of creativity, artistic majesty. "The symbol, dark in the last glibin," acts as a person to clear structures and miluvannya "enchanting children". Ideas of Kuzmin could not fail to be embedded in the acmeies: “the clarity is wonderful” was demanded by the large number of participants in the “Poet's Workshop”.
The one who is the "leader" of acmeism can be honored by Inokenty Annensky, who, formally being a symbolist, actually deprived of his creativity in the early period after giving his tribute. Nadal Annenskiy pishov in a great way: the ideas of the symbolic symbolism practically did not start on the yogi journey. Then, the simplicity and clarity of your ideas have been kindly mastered by the acmeists.
Three times after the publication of Kuzmin's statutes in Apollo, the manifestos of Gumilov and Gorodetsky appeared - from the very moment it was taken to lead the witness to the emergence of a literary trend.
Akmeizm had some of the most active participants in the current: N. Gumilov, A. Akhmatova, O. Mandelstam, S. Gorodetsky, M. Zenkevich, V. Narbut. G. Ivanov claimed the role of a "real acmeist", but A. Akhmatova protested against the point of view of the bull; Behind her, the solidarity O. Mandelshtam, who vozvav, vtіm, wіth, wіth іt - rebіr: "Acmeisti only shіst, and in the middle of them one zaiviy appeared ..." symbolism with some "zhovtorotogo". "Gorodetskiy buv [at that hour] we will see the poet ...". In the early hour, the following took part in the "Poetiv Workshop" robot: G. Adamovich, N. Bruni, Nas. Gippius, Vl. Gippius, G. Ivanov, N. Klyuv, M. Kuzmin, E. Kuzmina-Karavayva, M. Lozinsky, V. Khlabnikov and I. At the back of the "Workshop", at the view of the symbolism, the specific food was shown: "Workshop" was a school of poetry, professional communication.
Akmeizm yak literary directly shared the gifted poets - Gumilov, Akhmatov, Mandelstam, the formation of creative indivdualities such as took place in the atmosphere of the "Workshop of Poets". The history of acmeism can be viewed as a free dialogue among the three most prominent representatives. At the same time from the time of "pure" acmeism, the named poets are often evoked by the adamism of Gorodetsky, Zenkevich and Narbut, which made naturalistic leakage. The opinion of the Adamists from the triad of Gumilov - Akhmatov - Mandelstam was repeatedly mentioned in criticism.
Yak literary straight acmeism having arisen nedovgo - close two rockies. In a fierce 1914 rotsi came up with a joke. "Workshop of poets" Akmeisti saw ten issues of their magazine "Hyperborea" (editor M. Lozinsky), as well as a collection of almanacs.
"Symbolism zgasav" - in the whole Gumilov did not pardon, but formulate it with a stretch of such a tediousness, like Russian symbolism, which did not reach into it. Akmeizm not zmіg closed in the role of the leading poet directly. The reason for such a shrewd yogo loss is called, among other things, "the ideological obscenity right up to the minds abruptly changed action." V. Bryusov meaning that "for the acmeisti there is a characteristic division of practice and theory", moreover, "the practice of this was purely symbolic." Itself in tsyu vіn bachiv crisis akmeizmu. Vіm, the attention of Bryusov about the acmeism was made strong; I start by declaring that “... Acmeism is a vigad, primcha, capital primcha” and visuvav: “... Imovirnishe, through rik, or two, do not get too hungry acmeism. I do not know the very idea of yogo ", and in 1922, in one of his articles, I think that I’m in the right nazyvatsya directly, as a school, vazhayuchi, but nothing serious and self-conscious in routine, it’s not a matter of fact.
However, try to innovate the communication process more than once. Another “Workshop of Poets, Poetics in 1916 r, chasing G. Ivanov at once with G. Adamovich. Ale і vin having shed some light. In 1920, the third "Workshop of Poets" appeared, which, with the help of Gumilov's last attempt, took care of the acmeistic line. For yogo krill got into singing, as to protect themselves to school and acmeism: S. Neldikhen, N. Otsup, N. Chukovskiy, І. Odoevtseva, N. Berberova, Vs. Rizdvyaniy, N. Oleynikov, L. Lipavskiy, K. Vatin, V. Pozner and іnshi. The third "Workshop of Poets" having spoken about three rockies in Petrograd (in parallel with the studio "Muzyka, shho sink") - right up to the tragic death of M. Gumilov.
The creative dole of singers, so those who were tied with acmeism, were put together in a simple way: N. Klyuv annually declaring his unpleasantness to the extent of his spirits; G. Ivanov and G. Adamovich continued and developed a lot of principles of acmeism in emigration; on V. Khlabnikov, acmeism did not fix a little bit of something dirty. For the radiant hours of the poetical manner of the akmeisti (overwhelmingly N. Gumilova) N. Tikhonov, E. Bagritsky, І. Selvinsky, M. Svetlov.
Acmeism is a marginal manifestation in the context of some signs of being marginal in the context of the poetic strains of the Russian Socialist capital. In the іnshikh European literature there are analogies in yomu nemaє (which cannot be said, for example, about symbolism and futurism); The words of Blok, the literary opponent of Gumilov, are being wondrously created, saying that acmeism is all out of the hands of a "lovable, overseas thing." Azhe acmeism itself has appeared superbly plentiful for the Russian literature. Akhmatova and Mandelstam have gone into the depths of writing for themselves "vichni words". Gumilyov stands in his verses one of the most beautiful specialties of the terrible hour of revolutions and wars. First of all, even through the centuries, interest in acmeism is mainly due to the fact that it is linked to the creativity of the cich famous poets, who have significantly infused the share of the Russian poetry of the XX century.
The main principle of acmeism:
· Linking the journey from symbolic invocations to the ideal, turning in clarity;
· Vidmova from mystical nebula, accepting the earthly light in its development, visible concreteness, sonority, barvism;
· Pragnennya nadati to the singing word, more precisely meaning;
· Subject and clarity of images, vitality of details;
· Viciousness to the people, to the "fairness" of yogo sentiments;
· Poetisation of the light of the primordial emots, the primordial biological natural ear;
· A roll call with past literary epochs, the most aesthetic associations, "tough for the culture of the world."
3. Futurism and yogo straight
Futurism (in Latin Futurum - maybutn) is the name given to the artistic avant-garde rucks of the 1910s - the ear of the 1920s. XX century, Persh for everything in Italy and Russia.
In the opinion of acmeism, futurism is like a stretch in the vichiznyany poeziya vinyk is not in Russia. The whole phenomenon has been brought in from the Sunset, it has arisen and it has been theoretically grounded. Batkivshchina of the new modernist movement of the Bula Italia, and the head ideologist of the Italian and light futurism, becoming the vidomy writer Philipo Tommaso Marinetti (), who appeared in the 20th anniversary of the 1909 edition of the Parisian futurism on the "Anti-cultural, anti-aesthetic and anti-philosophical"
As a matter of principle, be it a modernist trend in the art, it has become a good idea of the old norms, canons, traditions. However, futurism is being developed in a whole plan in the region of extremist straightforwardness. This current claimed to inspire a new mystery - "the mystery of the mayybut," appearing as the extinguished nigilistic rejection of all the foreground artistic information. Marinette, having voted "all-historically and historically devoted to futurism," she didn’t think that she’d be happy with it.
“The Futurists advocated the ruin of the forms and the intelligence of the mystery of the envy of the evil, and we will accelerate the life process of the XX century. It is characteristic of them to be shylyannya before dyu, ruh, shvidkist, force and aggression; exaltation to oneself and contempt to the point of weakness; solidified the priority of power, drowned in war and ruin. "In general, futurism, for its ideology, is ruled by a very close one, as well as to the radicals: anarchists, fascists, communists, who are organizing the revolution to bring down the past.
The main signs of futurism:
· Rebelliousness, anarchy svitoglyadu, viraz of mass moods in NATO;
· Zaprechennya cultural traditions, try to open the mystery, straightened in the maybutn;
· Revolt of opposing norms of virsovanoy movi, experimentation in the field of rhythm, rimi, orієntatsіya on usny vіrsh, extinguished, poster;
· Pools of the open "self-willed" word, experimenting with the stem of the "zoosum" move;
· Cult of technology, industrial places;
· Paphos epatazu.
Poet-futurists: Bobrov Sergiy, Kamenskiy Vasil, Mayakovskiy Volodymyr, Severyanin Igor, Tretyakov Sergiy, Khlabnikov Velimir.
a)cubo-futurism
Cubofuturism - directly in the mystery of the 1910s, Naybilsh is characteristic of the Russian artistic avant-garde of quiet rock, as it pushed on to the principle of cubism (placing an object in warehouses of structures) and futurism (developing an object in the fourth part). ...
If you go to a mova about Russian futurism, then immediately come to the mind of the name of cubo-futurists - participants of the Gileya group. The smells are remembered and their zuchvali behavior, and the shocking callous viglyadom (famous for Mayakovsky's jacket, pink frock coats, bunches of radishes and wood spoons in buttonholes, rosefarmed with unidentifiable signs of individuals, hours Vipads against literary opponents, and those, who included Volodymyr Mayakovsky, one of the futurists, "not chasing" for Radianskih hours.
In the 1910s the rock of the last century, the popularity of the "gileyts" effectively overtook the other representatives of the literary trend. It is possible, therefore, that the creativity of the best has brought to the canons of the avant-garde.
"Gilea" is a Persha futuristic group. The stinks called themselves the same "cubofuturism" or "Bulyane" (I will name the qiu after pronouncing Khlabnikov). Rock її fell asleep in 1908, if the main warehouse would be located in the river. “We have not been remembered, as they have become gileytsi. Tse became by itself, behind the backward movers' zgodi, in the same way, as, having learned the spirit of our goals and the buildings, we did not bring Hannibal's oaths alone to the same principles. " The group didn’t have that permanent warehouse.
On the ear of 1910 rock in St. Petersburg "Gileya" announced its discovery in the warehouse of D. and N. Burlyukov, V. Khlubnikov, V. Mayakovsky, V. Kamensky, E. Guro, O. Kruchenikh and B. Livshitsya. The stench itself became representatives of the most radical flank of Russian literary futurism, which was evoked by a revolutionary revolt, an out-of-the-box imposition against the bourgeois suspense, morality, and all-natural savor.
Cubo-futurism is taken with respect as a result of the interplay of poets-futurists and painters-cubists. Dyisno, literary futurism is often tied with avant-garde artists from the 1910s, such as "Jack of Diamonds", "pingvin hvist", "Union of Youth". Actively, the interaction of poetry and painting, madly, has become one of the most important stimuli for the formation of cubo-futuristic aesthetics.
The first spilny vistup of cubo-futurists at the presi became the poetical collection "Sadok Suddiv", in fact, being the origin of the group "Gilea". Among the authors in the almanac D. and N. Burlyuki, Kamenskiy, Khlabnikov, Guro, Ek. Нізен і ін. Іlustratsii vikonala D. and V. Burliuk.
The idea of the cultural tradition has passed since the beginning of the day as a point of departure for the aesthetic platforms of the cubo-futurists. We have become the programmer of the їх manifest, which is bearing the scandalously scandalous title "Lyapas Suspilny Gusto". At the new, declaring a vision of the past, the cries sounded “throw off Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and that in., Ta in. from the steamboat of happiness ”.
Viyavlyayuchi zahastreny sensitive to the word, the futurists reached the point of absurdity, engaging in designs. Especially meaningful stench was given to word-creation, "a self-rolled word." In the program statty "Word yak take" boules are given clever rows:
Drok bul shil ubeshur
The result of the kind of dyyalnosti of the futurists appeared a nebulous splash of word-creation, so vreshty-resht called to the end of the theory of the "zany move" - zaum.
In the literary plan, the mind had a free accent on the zagist of the "self-talked word" against that light meaning, as the word in poetry symbolism was not enough, it seemed to deprive the child of a role in the root of the word over the words of the deceased poet.
In the stattі of L. Timofev, which characterizes this phenomenon, it seems that “Acmeism has meaningfully extended its vocabulary to the cordon, as well as its futurism. Not satisfied with the inclusion in the poetic vocabulary of rosy language, cubo-futurism has expanded even more in this vocabulary and sound power, going in two lines: persha line, the stem of new words from the old roots of E. zaum - the stem of new sound complexes, which have added meaning, - to bring the process of turning the word "right" to the point of absurdity. "
In the spring of 1914, the bully was destroyed in order to establish the "official" of cubo-futurism, which was guilty of the book of the article "The First Journal of Russian Futurists", which was written by the Burliuk brothers in "The First Journal of Russian Futurists". Ale of seeing the picture of the first issue - the message was over.
Tse bezposeredno tinkered "Giley", as until the end of 1914, the rock was pinned down by the yak by one group. The members went on their own way. Bagato futurists left Moscow and Petrograd, hoping for a call, or navpaki, having spent time at the front.
Young people, in a peaceful hour, made up the main gracious auditorium of futurists, the bully was mobilized. Interest in suspensions up to "futuristic zuhval" becoming shvidko fall.
With all the cardinal new ideas of the history of cubo-futurism in Russia, there is a lot of Russian symbolism. Likewise, the mischievousness of the first time, the same noise during the populace (for the futurists it is only meaningfully strong, which has grown into a scandal). Slid for cim shvidke viznannya of the leading verities literary criticism, Triumph, majestic hopes. Rapt vision and fall in the break at that moment, if he was well, before him appeared the nebula of dosi in the Russian journey of power and horizons.
After futurism at the dawn of its birth, Mykola Gumilov wrote: “We are present at the new invasion of barbarians, strong in their talent and zhakhliv in their slow-witted. Tilki maybutnє show, "Germanic" Chi means tse, or ... goons, from which one cannot get lost and follow. "
b)His futurism.
"Ego-futurism" is a kind of Russian futurism, but rather spi-sound is named after the day, because it is not very special. The history of its futurism as an organized strand of the ball is short (from 1911 to the ear of 1914).
On the vidminu of cubo-futurism, which is the viris of creative spirit of one-thinkers, his futurism is buv the individual wine-walker of the poet Igor Severyanin.
Entering into the literature is important. Having found out from a series of patriotic verses, then having tried for oneself in verse humor and, nareshty, moved to lyrical poetry. However, the lyrics of the young author of the newspaper and the magazines may not have been cheated. Having seen in rr. for all his rakhunok 35 excellent brochures, the northerner did not know much about his popularity.
Successful trips from the unlocked side. In 1910, Leo Tolstoy learned about the lack of an up-and-coming journey from the drills, having brought the butt of a row of rows from Severyanin's book "Intuitive Farbi". Years later, he sings from the happy ros'yasnyuvav, which versh bulo satirically-ironic, Ale Tolstoy sings and vitlomachy vserioz. “About the whole meeting was spoken about by the Moscow newspapers, for whom the All-Russian Presidents heard the Evalt and the wild ulyukannya, we would not see it all at once to the whole country! - writing wine in his memories. - For a while, my skin booklet was retouched with criticism on all frets, and from the light hand of Tolstoy ... everyone who didn’t have a flinch was less likely to cook. The magazines became more eager than my friends, the organizers of the blessing parties, as they could, asked to take part in them ... "
You can close the success, but you can easily, with the help of me, establish the theoretical base of my poetical creativity, the ideological and zystical basis of what a boolean prototype of the poet Yurbi, Severian at once with K. Olimpovim whichever way, and because of his futurism. The word, in Latin, means "I - maybut", first appeared in the name of Severyanin's book "Prologue. His futurism. Train GRANDOS. The apotheosis of the third volume "(1911).
However, on the view of the cubo-futurists, the Mali readily (an attack on the position of symbolism) and pushed them in their manifestos, the Northerner didn’t know about specific creative programs, but didn’t bother about it. Yak vin himself piznish zgaduvav: “At the sight of Marinette's school, I have added to the word [futurism] the prefix“ his ”and in the arches“ universal ”... With the throats of my buli futurism: 1. The soul is one of the only ones. 2. Self-sufficiency. 3. Pushing the new without rejecting the old. 4. Comprehension of neologisms. 5. Smіlivі images, іnіteti, asonance and dissonance. 6. Fighting with "stereotypes" and "headpieces". 7. The versatility of meters. "
It can be seen from the simple ruling of the statements made by the cubo-futurists that no theoretical innovations have been given the "program" to revenge. In nіy Severyanin will actually play himself with a single and unique poetic specialty. Having become on the part of the new trend he started, I am a handful of protesters to oneself literary one-thinkers. Tobto the inevitable breakdown of the group of buvs of the first revisions in advance of the very fact of the beginning. It’s dumb, nothing marvelous, it’s not a bar, so it’s become.
I will even more accurately characterize his futurism (like the Petersburg, so and the old, Moscow) yes S. Avdov: , and having gone to the "Poezokontserti" of his own virshi), which is like a salon-perfumery eroticism, which can turn into a light cynicism, and the hardening of its extreme centrism<...>The price has dwindled to the glorified people of the modern world, electricians, zaliznitsa, aeroplanes, factories, machines (from Severyanin and especially from Shershenevich). In his futurism, in such a rank, everything was in full swing: both in the glimpse of happiness, and in the new, true to the boy, word-making ("Trains", "okaloshit", "nezdara", "olilien" and so far), car resorts ("Elegant stroller" Severianina), and it is wonderful for a futurist to skilful in front of M. Lokhvitskoy salon and K. Fofanov, ale the most hassle in restaurants, boudoirs<...>cafe-shantani, which have become a verse for Severyanin. The cry of Igor Severyanin (not a bargain from his futurism was seen), the current did not give a good taste, some kind of a bright poet. "
The northerner became one of his futurists, who became a successor to the history of the Russian journey. Yogo vіrshi, with all іkh pretensions, and not trivially and vulgarity, were transformed into an insane sound, sonorous and light. Northerner, bezperechno, literally volodya in the word. Rome yogo bouly superbly svіzhі, smіlі and wondrously harmonious: "in the evening meal - in the new low troand of perfumes!"
The books and concerts of Severyanin, the order with the cinematographer and the tsigan romance, became a fact of the mass culture on the cob of the capital. Zbіrnik yogo vіrshіv "Loud-boiling goblet", which supervodzhuvav we will flood the front-line Fedir Sologub, having conquered the nebuvala of reading and displaying from 1913 to 1915, nine times!
The Severyanin's triumph was magalized by applying her own "his". For example, K. Olimp, with the deyakoy partly presented the author of the basic provisions of the "Tablets of his train", the term "Train" is the very symbol "Ego", without forgetting to publicly declare about it. A northerner, razdratovanie in attempts to oskarzhiti yogo leadership, dispersed with his apologists, in need spіvpratsі yakim, having established himself as a sings, wіn not demanding. Yogo more tsіkavilo viznannya senior symbols. Having got into "his", the Severyanin praised the Vlasny Vinakhid, writing in 1912 the "Epilogue of his Futurism" rotsi.
Mіzh "Prologue of his futurism" and yogo "epilogom" go all the way out of rіk. Pislya baked polemic Olimp and Severyanin, having uttered one bezlich unacceptable words, rose up; Then the Grail-Arelsky and G. Ivanov were publicly christened to the "Academy" ... Aleksandr Ivan Ignatyev, a warrant of his futurism, pidhopiv, 20-year-old Ivan Ignatyev, having opened the "Intuitive association of his futurists" - a new literary obedience, kudi, big one, D. Їх programmatic manifest "Gramdt", characterizing his futurism as "innocence of the skin of His heart until reaching the possibilities of Maybutny in the given through the awakening of hisism - іndivіdualizatsіy, learning" the front "Tablets".
Appearing in the role of an ideological scientist and theorist of "Association", Ignatyev (I. Kazansky), having taken the backward symbolic organization of his North American futurism, go to a more glorious philosophical and philosophical Vin wrote: “So, Igor Severyanin has been able to see everything from his futurism, but he is not seen from his futurism - the price of food<...>more that his futurism, which is to the entrance of the "meter of the school," is only his northernism. "
The first representative of the "Association" buv scandalously vidomy Vasilisk Gnedov, who with their eccentric twists did not compromise on how they got their hands on the right of the cubo-futurists. In one of the notes of that hour, they said: "Vasilisk Gnedov, in a brudish linen sorochtsi, with quotes on the letters, plunge (in the literal sense of the word) on the public, screaming in the morning, as soon as you wrap yourself up with" idiotiv ".
Gnedov wrote great and rhythmic prose (poetry and rhythm) on the basis of old-speaking roots, vikorist and alogicism, ruynuchi syntactic sound. At the jokes of the new poetic nobles of the winners, the new repertoire of Rome has become enlightened, having become a substitute for the traditional (musical) rim, but now we can understand. In his own manifest, Gnedov wrote: “It is also necessary to understand in the region that it is necessary to understand, in order to become the leading alarm material. For example: 1) ... yoke - arc: understand Rome (curvature); here - the sky, the fun ... 2) Smell rimi: hrіn, hіrchitsya ... so rimi - gіrki. 3) Smells: mish'yak - chasnik 4) Vidchutni - steel, sloppy - shortness, smoothness ... 5) Gladachev - yak for the character of writing ... so and by definition: water - mirror - mother of pearl and in. 6) Colorovі rimi -<...>z і z (whistling, which is the same as the main barrage (zhovty<ый>colir); to і г (larynx) ... і etc. ".
However, in the history of literature, Vin Uvishov is not as a theoretician, an innovator, but soon as the initiator of a new genre - poetry pantomime. Developing the program of the "Association", in fact, as such a role was introduced to the minimum, Gnedov left the verbal mystery behind and irrevocably, having completed the cycle of 15 we sing the name “Death to the mystery”. All the center of the TV was on the same side and lastly it was brought to one letter, which I used to say "U", I was added to the traditional point in the end. The cycle ended with the famous "Singing a kinta" V. Pyast zgaduvav about a visit to the art in the artistic cabaret "Stray Dog": "The words are not small, and the whole thing was formed only with one gesture of the hand, to walk in front of the hair, and quickly go down to the right, and then to the side. Tsei gesture, which was on the hook, and I will sing along with it. The author, having found himself in the direct sense of the word її the creator, has conquered the whole spectrum of її powerful interpretations from the vulgar-grassroots to the philosophical ones ”.
The spirituality of "hisistiv" seems to be a collapse of more and more raznosherstym, lower than the opposition "willlyane". It is especially noteworthy on the butt of his futurists' organ of his futurists - "Enchantments mandrіvnik", in which Kamenskiy, M. Evreinov, M. Matyushin took part, they published their vershi Sologub, Severyanin, E. Guro, 3. Gippius.
In 1914, Ignatyev put his hands on himself, cutting his throat with a razor. On the third day I have ceased to present the official mouthpiece of his futurism - the form of "Peterburgsky herald". For the last hour, I have been playing the almanac "Enchantments of Mandarin" on the sides of which for the last time the name of the literary group of his futurists sounded, his futurism itself has steadily lost its positions and unforgettable recollection.
c)іmazhinizm
Іmazhinizm (from FR. І Eng. Image - image) is a literary-mystetic trend, which has been celebrated in Russia in the first revolution of rock based on the literary practice of futurism.
Іmazhinizm bv the last sensational school in the Russian poetry of the XX century. A whole lot of it was blown through two rockets of the revolution, albeit, in all its change, there was a lot of spillovers from the revolution.
June 29, 1919 in the Moscow City Council of the All-Russian Union of Poets passed the first poetry evening of the Imaginist. And even on the coming day, the Persha Declaration was published, in which the creative principle of the new ruch was voiced. They wrote with a complaint and called themselves the "leading line of art" poets S. Asenin, R. Ivnev, A. Mariengof and V. Shershenevich, as well as artists B. Erdman and E. Yakulov. This is how the Russian іmazhinism appeared, in which the English proponent will have the same name.
Among the past and literary studies, there are super-speeches about those who follow the imagination in one row with symbolism, acmeism and futurism, interpreting creative achievements tsієї poetic groups like "tsіkave a manifestation of a literary post-symbolism and a singing stage of development", as well as more correct it will be seen in a series of numerical trends and the development of the 20th century in the XXth capital, new nobles in the development of the journey and in the bag have lost only the epigons of futurism.
So, the very symbolism and futurism, the magicism originated at the entrance and even the beginning of the transplantation by Shershenevich on the Russian soil. And so in itself, as symbolism and futurism, it is meaningfully derived from the imagination of ancient poets.
The theory of іmazhinіzmu the basic principle of poetry was voiced by the primacy "to the image of such a thing." Chi is not a word-symbol with a meaningless meaning (symbolism), it is not a word-sound (cubofuturism), but not a word-name of speech (acmeism), but a word-metaphor with one singing meaning є the basis of maginism. At the glance of the Declaration of Imagery, it was true that “By the same law of mystery, by the same and unconscious method, the manifestation of life through the image and the rhythm of images ... Image, and only the image<...>- the axis is known to be the mainstream of the mystery ... The image is the whole armor of the rows. Tse the shell of the picture. Tse krіposna artillery of theatrical performance. Be-like zmist in artistic creation so bezgluzdo itself and bezgluzdo, like a sticker from newspapers on a picture. " The theoretical obruntuvannya tsy principle was developed among the imaginers to the likeness of poetical creativity to the process of development move through a metaphor.
V. Shershenevich, one of the organizers and the renowned leader of the group. “Vіdomy as a theoretician and propagandist of іmaginism, a critic and development of futurism, having started as a futurist. E. Ivanova rightly respects that “the reasons why Shershenevich sponded to be naked in futurism, to wear partly special features (“ Beruchi futurism, I don’t accept futurists ”), partly political in nature. But as soon as we see it from the anti-futuristic rhetoric, “Futurism is dead.”
The main signs of the art:
· The supremacy of "the image of such a yak";
· Poetic creativity є the development process of moving through a metaphor;
· Epithet є the sum of metaphors, ruling and protrusion of any object;
· Poetic zmіst є evolution to the image and the instinct as the most primitive image;
· The text, which is a beautiful and clear zmist, cannot be made known before the galuze of the trip, as it is the visitor who has a better ideological function; vіrsh zh maє is a "catalog of images", however, it can be read from the ear and from the tip.
4. Інші poetry trends. Satiristic and rural poetry, constructivism, singers were not included in the schools of thought
a)constructivism
Constructiveness in the capacity of an independent literary group for the first time declared themselves in the Misty of Moscow for the first time 1922 The first members were the singers A. Chicherin, I. Selvinsky and critic K. Zelinsky (group theorist). A selection of the program of constructives is small in a formal way: the principle of reasonableness is attached to the first plan literary creation yak constructions. Technological progress has been voiced in the head of the head, the role of technical intelligence has been emphasized. Moreover, the pose was interpreted social minds, Pose of class struggle. Zokrem, it was declared: “Constructivism is an absolutely creative school of the universality of poetry technology; it’s like a modern school, it’s okay, to volute: sound, rhythm, image, mind, etc., mi, accentuates І, it is said: І sound, І rhythm, І image, І madness, І every new motive the need for installation design<...>Constructivism є.
Ale in the shallow constructiveness of the deeds, they were made to look like they were vuzko reinforced aesthetic framework and hung up on the basis of their creative platforms.
Post-Gostr criticism of constructives from the side of theorists of the Marxist sense led in 1930 to the liquidation of the LCC (Literary Center for Constructive) and the adoption of the "Literary Brigade M. I" young writers, as they want to actively take part in the development of the CPSR and as our literature is used to play one of the most important roles in this region. "
b)satire
“1 + April 1908 has become a symbolic date. On a whole day in St. Petersburg, viyshov will have the first issue of the new magazine "Satyricon", which for the last ten years has been infused into the suspension. The artist Oleksiy Oleksandrovich Radakov () became the first chief editor of the magazine, and from the ninth issue the post moved to the satirist writer, playwright and journalist Arkady Timofiyovich Averchenko. "
The editorial staff of the magazine roztashovuvala on Nevsky Prospekt, in booth number 9. "Satyricon" will be seen as cheerful and sarcastic, sarcastic and angry; in a new, pre-existing text, pererivavshis lonely caricatures, cool anecdotes were replaced by political caricatures. At the same hour, the magazine appeared in the face of the impotent humoristic views of the quiet rocking in its social wizard: here, not going beyond the bounds of decency, without compromising visibility, the representatives of the power, the obscurantists, the choros were scourging. The position of the magazine in the last point was not only started by the writers and the journalism with the Jewish roots - V. Azov, O. Dimov, O. L. D'Or, some of the purebred Russians: A. Averchenko, A. Bukhova, Teffi and anti-Jewish people, who gave kudi bolsh baked opir, nizh їkh colleagues-євреї.
Satirists, yak V. Knyazev, Sasha Chorniy and A. Bukhova, handled by L. Andrv, A. Tolstoy, V. Mayakovsky, with illustrations were presented by the famous Russian artists B. Kustodiev, I. Bilibin, A. Benois. For a reasonably short term - from 1908 to 1918 - a satirical magazine (the first version of the "Novy Satirikon") opened the cell directly into the Russian literature and forgetfulness in the history of the era.
Especially the merit in such rich popularity "Satyricon" in the meaning of the world belonged to the gifted poets - satirists and humorists, having spoken in magazines.
In 1913, a rocket was placed in the journal on the ground of financial nutrition. As a result, Averchenko and all the shortcuts of literature left the editorial office and fell asleep the magazine "Noviy Satyricon". Kolishniy "Satyricon" by Kornfeld's Kerіvnіstvom for another hour, having gone on to talk about, a little bit more authors, and as a result, turned into a rock of 1914. And "Noviy Satyricon" continued successfully (18 issues were released) until the summer of 1918, since it was fenced off by the bolsheviks for counter-revolution.
Poet-satirists: Izmailov Oleksandr, Prince Vasil, Teffi, Chorniy Sasha.
c)peasant singing
Rukh of peasant poets are closely tied with revolutionary ruhs, who reigned in Russia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Drozhzhin Spiridon, Asenin Sergiy, Klichkov Sergiy, Klyuv Mikola, Oreshin Petro, Potomkin Petro, Radimov Pavlo, and my report on the biography of Dem'yan Budny ()
Having been born in the village. Gubivka of the Kherson province, in the family of the peasant.
Navchavsya in the Silk school, then - in the Viskovo-paramedic school, in the river. - at the History and Philology Faculty of the St. Petersburg University.
Drukuvatisya in 1909 r
In 1911, in the large-scale newspaper "Zirka" published the verses "About Dem'yan Bidnyy - a shrewd peasant", the sounds and the pseudonym of the poet were taken.
From 1912 to fate and until the end of his life he was in the newspaper "Pravda".
Bilshovitsk party, folk are the main figures of creativity of Dem'yan Badny. Among the programmatic verses - "My virsh", "Truth-womb", "Forward and vishche!" Zvidsi is a poet's beast to the most democratic, intelligent genres: warrior, poetry, parts, agitational revolving stories.
In 1913 there was a collection of "Tales", which was highly appreciated.
In the rock of the community of war and death, they played a majestic role;
Rocky Great Vіtchiznyanoї vіyni Dem'yan Bidniy know a lot of pratsyuє, friends in "Pravda", in "Vіknakh TASS", spreading patriotic lyricism, antifascist satire.
Decorations with the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Prapor and medals.
d)Sing the flowing pose
Before them, you can bring Agnivtsev Mikoli, Bunin Ivan, Afimenko Tetyan, Ivan Rurik, Pasternak Boris, Tsvєtaevu Marina, Shengeli Georgiy, whose creativity is just plain funny, no matter what.
5. The sound of the Volodymyr region with the poets of the "capital city"
Unfortunately, they say that the Volodymyr region will not be able to sing the poetry of the "capital of the city", but not a song in the history of our region, which will be overshadowed by them.
So from the autumn of 1915 to the fall of 1917 to the fall of 1917, Anastasia Tsvєtaєva lived in Aleksandrov - the last sings of the holy world. Sister Marina often visited her before her. In Alexandrov, there was a view of the scene of Marini Tsvєtaєvoi and Osip Mandelstam.
And in 1867, Balmont Kostyantin was born in the Shuisky district of the Volodymyr province.
In addition, in honor of the poets of this period, the most famous streets, avenues, provinces near the Volodymyr region are named. So, at Volodymyr іsnu vulytsya (in the town of Kolishnіkh Fokeevskaya and Kochetova), it was named after the most famous representative of the "Sredny Capital" Pose, Bidniy Dem'yan, by the resolution of the Presidium of the Ministry, Minutes No. 32 dated 01.01.01.
IIIVisnovok: "Srіbniy vіk" yak a child of the capital, the size of the space between
In the face of a catastrophe: payment for the past and hope for a great turning point soared in the next. Hour saw yak prikordonne, if it was not just big bangs, stosunki, but the very system of spiritual values in the way of radical changes.
Russia has a socially-political tension: a zagalny conflict, in which trivial feudalism has intertwined, the lack of nobility of viconati, the role of organizer of the suspension and virobity of the foreign national idea, the onslaught of the new bourgeoisie Intellectuals are almost overwhelmed by the shock. І one hour a quick splash, the development of cultural life. New magazines are being seen, theaters are being seen, new opportunities are presented to artists, actors, writers. Їх pouring into the suspension is great. One hour a mass culture is formed, rooted in an unprepared co-worker, and an elite culture, scho to be attracted to znavts. It's a masterpiece to flare up. One hour the Russian culture pidsilyuє contact with svitovoy culture. Insane authority in Europe of Tolstoy and Chekhov, Tchaikovsky and Glinka. "Russian seasons" in Paris became popular for their light. The names of Perov, Nesterov, Korovin, Chagall, Malevich are shining in painting; in theaters: Meyerhold, Nezhdanovo, Stanislavsky, Sobinov, Shalyapin; in ballets: Nizhinsky and Pavlovo, in nauts: Mendelev, Tsilkovsky, Sechenov, Vernadsky. Marina Tsvєtaєva sverdzhuvala, "for such a great number of talents, nature is guilty of being at ease".
In literature, respect for individuality, specialty: "Viyna and the world" ("Viyna and people") by L. Tolstoy, "Lyudin" Gorky, "I" and the tragedy "Volodymyr Mayakovsky" by V. Mayakovsky. Vinikak vidmova from the traditional moralizing, propaganda, povchayut themes: "Yak life?", "Who robiti?", "Yak buti?" All prices - and economic races, and the development of science, the advancement of technology and ideas on the frontiers of the capital, should be brought to the reappraisal of values, until the hour is learned, that the new ideas, the ways, the new ones are being learned. Sounds and sounds of new forms.
All the prices in the sum and gave rise to such a neojunic phenomenon, like the "middle wick" of the Russian journey, which caused a great rise in leakage, and also overflowed the sites with a lot of power. Zokrema dosi didn’t listen to the super-spoken words about those hours, which were worthy of the "middle wick". “The Srіbny Vіk ended with the Revolution? І so і nі. One thing can be said for sure, how the Russian literature has broken up ... "
literature
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The problem of sense in the philosophy and culture of the capital city - Lviv.: Editorial-Viddil Drogobytsky State Pedagogical University of Ivan Frank, 2008. - 460p.
Symbolism yak svitobachennya Sribny stolittya: Socio-cultural factor of formation suspicious properties Russian cultural events at the turn of the XIX - XX century - M .: Mion / Logos, 2005 .-- 236 p.
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Trains of the Middle Ages I - M .: SLOVO / SLOVO, 2001 .-- 696 p.
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Russian Literature of the XX Century ("Srіbny Vіk". Prose. Trains).
Russian literature XX century- the decline in the tradition of the golden capital of the Russian classical literature. Її artistic rіven is possible to compare with our classics.
Protyagom usogo stolіttya vinikaє in suspіlstvі i in lіteraturі GOSTR іnteres to hudozhnoї spadschini that spiritual potentsіalu Pushkіna i Gogol, Goncharova that Ostrovskogo, Tolstoy i Dostoєvskogo, tvorchіst yakih spriymaєtsya i otsіnyuєtsya in zalezhnostі od fіlosofskih that іdeologіchnih techіy hour, od CREATIVE poshukіv in samіy lіteraturі. Vzaєmodia from the tradition to be of a folding character: not only development, ale and vidshtovhuvannya, podolannya, rethinking of traditions. In the XX century in the Russian literature there are new artistic systems - modernism, avant-garde, socialist realism. Prodovzhuyut life realism, romanticism. The skin of the systems of power is its own intelligence, the creation of a mystery, its setting up to tradition, moving artistic literature, genre forms, style. Own intelligence of particularity, її mіstsya and roles in history and national life.
The literary process in Russia in the 20th century is rich in that it began to flow in on the artist, culture in the whole of different philosophical systems and politics. From one side, I don’t think I’m pouring into the literature on the ideas of the Russian religious philosophy of the XIX century on the ear of the XX century (pratsi N. Fedorova, V. Solovyova, M. Berdyaeva, V. Rozanov and the history of philosophy), philosophy Marxist ideology, which has been repaired since the 1920s, has established in the capitalist literary dictatorship a bitter dictate, which does not match all the written in 1934 rotsi.
Starting from the 1920s, our literature ceased being a single national literature. Vona vimusheno is divided into three streams: radianska; literature of the Russian foreign language (emigrantska); and this is the name of the "zatrimana" in the middle of the land, so that it does not matter to the reader from the censorship of the world. Ts streams right up to the 1980s rocky boules were isolated one from one, and the reader is not able to give an integral picture of the development of national literature. It is a tragic situation to become one of the peculiarities of the literary process. There is a lot of tragedy in what seemed to be a lot of tragedy, the freedom of creativity of such writers as Bunin, Nabokov, Platonov, Bulgakov and others. In this hour, the publication of works of writers-emigrants is active in all three hwils, creatures, and former rockets lay in the written archives, allowing to pat the wealth and diversity of national literature. There was a possibility of justice in the scientific community in general, sensible to the internal laws of development as a special, powerfully artistic area of the general historical process.
At the vivchenna Russian literature and periodization, the principle is to blame and straightforwardness of literary development by social and political reasons. Obviously, the literature reacted to the most important political time, but in the main in the plan of topics and problems. For her artistic principles, she has secured herself a self-valuable sphere of the spiritual life of the suspension. Traditionally, there are advances period:
1) the end of the XIX century - the first ten years of the XX century;
2) 1920-1930-i rock;
3) 1940s - mid 1950s;
4) mid-1950s-1990s rock music.
The end of the 19th century will be a turning point in the historical period in the development of the huge and mysterious life of Russia. The whole hour is characterized by sharp aggravations of social conflicts, growth of mass events, policy of life and over-development of special svidomosty. The human specialty is learned as the unity of the bagatokh principles - social and natural, moral and biological. In literature, the characters do not start out as a vicious and importantly middle-class and social admonition. There is a rise, an hour of polarity, a way to visualize action.
Later N. Otsup sings, calling the period "the middle capitals" of the Russian literature. The lucky old-timer M. P'yanikh is the originator of the stage of the 20th century culture: "Sribny Vik" - in the context of the "golden", Pushkin, - it was taken to name in the history of the 19th century - the history of the 19th century. Yakshho mother on uvaz, scho near the "middle capital" buv prologue (80th rock of the XIX century) І epilogue (rocky Lyutnevoy and Zhovtnevoy revolutions and huge warriors), then on the cob you can respect the famous promotions of the 18th century and by the end - mova to the Bloc "About the sign of the poet" (1921), also assigned to the "synovial harmony" - Pushkin. With the names of Pushkin and the worthy dressing, two main ones are actively interconnecting among themselves the tendencies in Russian literature as a "middle capital", as well as the whole XX century - harmony and tragedy.
The theme of the share of Russia, of the spiritual and moral day and of the historical perspectives has become central in the writings of the early modern and natural trends. To become more interested in the problem of the national character, the specificity of the national life, the nature of the people. The creativity of writers in the new artistic methods smells differently: in the social, concretely historical plan, realists, messengers and prodigals of the traditions of the critical realism of the 19th century. A. Serafimovich, V. Veresaev, A. Kuprin, M. Garin-Mikhaylovsky, I. Shmelov, I. Bunin і ін. In the metaphysical plan, with the vicarious elements of intelligence, fantasy, and some of the principles of life-likeness - by modernist writers. Symbolists F. Sologub, A. Bilim, expresionist L. Andrєєvim i іn. It’s a new hero, an “infinitely growing” man who overcomes the kaydani oppressive and overwhelming middle ground. Tse is the hero of M. Gorky, the hero of socialist realism.
Literature on the cob XX century - literature of philosophical problems is important. Be it the social aspects of life, embody a global spiritual and philosophical zmist into it.
Initial figures of the literature period:
interest to vichnykh nutrition: Sense of life around people and people; riddle of the national character and history of Russia; worldly and spiritually; people and nature;
Intense new shocks artistic contributions differences;
the emergence of unrealistic methods - modernism (symbolism, acmeism), avant-garde (futurism);
tendencies to interconnection of literary births one to one, rethinking of traditional genre forms and reminding them with a new zmist.
The struggle between the two main artistic systems - realism and modernism - has given rise to the development and freedom of prose rockets. Unimportant on the debate about the crisis and the "kint" of realism, the new possibilities of realistic mystery were seen in the works of the young L.N. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov, V.G. Korolenka, I.A. Bunina.
Young writers-realists (O. Kuprin, V. Veresaev, M. Teleshov, N. Garin-Mikhaylovsky, L. Andrєєv) settled in the Moscow gurtok "Wednesday". At the vidavnistvі of the partnership "Znannya", forged by M. Gorky, the stench was published by their creations, in which the traditions of democratic literature of the 60-70s were developed and transformed, with a special respect for the spirituality of the people of the people. Chekhov's tradition was being continued.
Problems of the historical development of the suspension, active creative activity and specialness of children M. Gorky, in his creativity there are obvious socialist tendencies (the novel "Mati").
The need and regularity of the synthesis of the principles of realism and modernism were grounded and supported in their creative practice by young writers-realism: Є. Zamyatin, A. Remizov and in.
A special place for a loan in literary process prose symbolism. Philosophical comprehension of history is characteristic of D. Merezhkovsky's trilogy "Christ and Antichrist". History and stylization of history in the prose of V. Bryusov (novel "The Angel of Fire"). The novel "Without Hope" "Dribny Bis" by F. Sologub forms a poet of the modernist novel, with new comprehensions of classical traditions. A. Biliy in "The Savior Dove" and "Peterburz" widely vikoristic style, rhythmic mobility, literary and historical reminiscents for the establishment of a novel of a new type.
Especially intensive jokes of the new zmist and new forms were introduced in the journey. The philosophical and ideological and aesthetic tendencies of the era were involved in three main trends.
In the mid-90s, in the articles of D. Merezhkovsky and V. Bryusov, they theoretically established Russian symbolism. Philosophy-ideals A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, as well as the creativity of French poets-symbolism P. Verlaine, A. Rimbaud, gave a great influx to symbolism. Symbols voted as the basis of their creativity, the mystical wolf, and the symbol - the basic for this connection. Beauty is the single value and the main criterion of assessment in the journey of senior symbols. The creativity of K. Balmont, M. Minsky, Z. Gippius, F. Sologub is superbly musical, and the work is focused on the transmission of shvidkoplinnykh, the ossian poet.
On the ear of the 1900s, symbolism is experiencing a crisis. The symbolism sees a new trend, so the titles of "youngosimvolism", representations of Vyach. Ivanovim, A. Bilim, A. Blokom, S. Solovyovim, Y. Baltrushaitis. The majestic flow of pressure on the young symbols of the Russian religious philosopher V. Solovyov. The stench shattered the theory of the "divine mystery." They are characterized by the interpretation of the motives of participation and history of Russia as a way of attracting metaphysical forces. At the same hour, for the creativity of the young symbolists, it is characteristic to feed up to social nourishment.
Crises to symbolism, zooming into the appearance of a new trend, which will prototype you, - acmeism. Akmeizm formed into a gurt "Poet's Workshop". The new one included N. Gumilov, S. Gorodetsky, A. Akhmatova, O. Mandelstam, G. Ivanov and I. The stench was magical to reform the aesthetic system of symbolism, to preserve the self-esteem of real action, to make the installation on the "speech" of the light, "speech" clear to the image. Poeziyakmeistiv is characterized by the "excellent clarity" of moving, realism and accuracy of details, and the malovnichi clarity of the imaginative and rotational features.
In 1910's rocky, the avant-garde trend in poetry is futurism. Futurism is heterogeneous: a small group of groups are seen in the middle. The greatest step in our culture has become overcrowded (D. and N. Burliuki, V. Khlabnikov, V. Mayakovsky, V. Kamensky). Futurists have lost sight of the social spirit of mystery, cultural traditions. Om powerfully anarchic rebellion. At their collective program zbіrniki ("Lyapas for a suspenseful relish", "Dokhla misyats" and іn.) Vony threw a wiklik "the so-called suspenseful relish and healthy gull". The futurists ruined the formed system of literary genres and styles, based on the rosy movement, they crafted subtle verses close to folklore, carried out experiments in words.
Literary futurism is often associated with avant-garde trends in painting. Mayzhe all sings-futurists bully professional artists.
A special place in the literary process, the ear of the capital was occupied by the new peasant poezia, which spirals to the folk culture (N. Klyuv, S. Esenin, S. Klichkov, P. lishchyny and in.)
Preceding subject: Trains of the Russian literature of the 19th century, of the early 20th century Meta: For additional reporting of recent trends and analysis of changes, which lie before the literary strains, Find out the details and ideas in ideas, views and goals of their representatives. Relevance by those: the relevance of those "Sredniy Vіk Russian Literatury" amazed with great interest to those given, as well as lack of fragmentation. Problem: Taking artists vidkritiv XIX the capital of children is the mystery of the coming epochs. Russian Poetry of the Sribny Viku
Russian modernism has become an important spiritual manifestation of the "capital city". Modernism (in Latin Modernus "recent, recent") is straightforward in the art and literature of the 20th century, which is characterized by the practice of hardening a new unconventional ear in the art, unrepeatable innovations of such forms, In the Russian artistic culture, the 19th century - the ear of the 20th century. widened DECADENCE (in French decadence- zanepad) - current in the literature and mystery of the century, characteristic rice for which you are interested in: sub'activism, individualism, amoralism, in the times of mystery revalued form. The middle period of the development of the Russian journey on the ear of the 20th century, which is characterized by the appearance of a great number of poets, poetic trends, as they preached a new, seen from the old ideals. Nutrition about the chronological framework of this manifestation to become spiritual. It is a phenomenon at the turn of the 80s of the 90s of the 19th century, and the end of the period may be introduced until 1917, and 1921.
Symbolism is the first and the most significant of modern trends in Russia. Two literary traditions were infused into the formation of symbolism in Russia: the poet's poetry of Fet, Tyutchev, the prose of Dostoevsky. French symbolism of the poetry of Paul Verlaine, Charles Baudelaire. Signs to symbolism: -the symbol yak golovniy to convey the secret sense -Different meanings of symbols -the musicality of the verse -Egocentrism of the poetic “I” (“I” is in the center of everything) - “The dual world” travels the symbolism, the soul of the war
Two main stages of symbolism - Petersburg symbolism: D.S. Merezhkovsky, Z. Gippius, F. Sologub, N. Minsky. Among the creative work of the Petersburg symbols, the motives of roscharuvannya have been rewarded with a handful. To that їх creativity is called decadent. - Moscow symbols: V. Bryusov, K. Balmont. - A. Blok, A. Biliy, V. Ivanov. "Young" symbolism took symbolism in the philosophical and religious plan. Vishcha zavdannya mystektva - the root of the all-sacred spiritual organism, the image of an object and a manifestation in the light of the Maybut light. Senior symbolism Younger symbolism "Senior" symbolism took symbolism in an aesthetic plan. The creator sings in front of him the essence of special and purely artistic values.
Artistic and publicistic organ of symbolism buv magazine Vagi (1904 - 1909). Assignment to Valery Bryusov, the head of the Moscow Group of Symbols. Visited shomіthyachno in the Moscow vidavnistvі "Scorpion". On the ear of 1909 Bryusov went to the editorial board of "Tereziv", experienced a crisis. The main part of the robot was taken over by Andriy Biliy Naprikintsi 1909 the magazine "Terezi" ceased to be active. V. Bryusov A. Biliy "Vagi"
Balmont is one of the most famous poets of Russia on the ear of the 20th century The work of K. Balmont Peculiarities of Balmont's poetry 1. Cult of the miti 2. The importance of the sentiments in the singing moment 3. The theme of the chivalrous hand to the truth 4. The theme of light, overcoming the light 5. over the theme - god's scribe 6. Philosophical sense: the skin of a ludin pragmatically rises above reality 7. Contrast - shearing of the composition 8. Sound, lexical, morphological repeat 10. Victorian symbols 9. Great number of images
I mrієyu catching go tіnі, minа, tіnі zgasa of the day, I steadily descend, і three steps, І tremіli sablі with my foot. I who saw it, were more clearer, Tim clearer painted outlines in the distance, I like sounds far lunar, Around me lunar from Heaven and Earth. When I went down, Tim shed more light, Tim shed more light on the peaks as they dreamed of gir, and fondled them with farewell, Nemov did not fondle the fogs of sight. І below, before me, nothing else has come, Already, nothing has come for the earth to fall asleep, For me, the day was shining, The fire was burning away. I know how to catch and go tini, but mina tini twilight of the day, I am all in my life, and three steps, and three steps with my foot. Earth ( Real light) Darkness, tini Nich-zabuttya, death “the earth has fallen asleep below” Heaven (surreal light) Mriya, sounds far away Light, syayvo Sings the god-awful lyric hero zalishaє zvichny earthly light, shukak new vidchuttya. K. Balmont "I mrієyu catch ydut tіnі"
Futurism is the name of the avant-garde artists of the 1910s, the cob of the 1920s. XX century, Scho originated in Italy and Russia. Period of development in Russia: Poet-futurists: Sergiy Bobrov, Vasil Kamenskiy, Igor Severyanin, Velimir Khlabnikov, Volodymyr Mayakovskiy. Sergiy Tretyakov, Idea of futurists: "Spit chorically on the master of the art." The main signs of futurism: - rebellion, anarchy svitoglyadu, viraz of mass moods to NATO; - zaprechenya cultural traditions; - a revolt of the opposing norms of virshovanoy movi, rhythmics, rimi; - experimenting with the stem of the "zazum_logo movi"; - pathos epatazu.
Poetics "Mezzanine Poetry" "Centrifuge" "LEF" Rik stem: 1914; Representatives: S. Bobrov, B. Pasternak, M. Asev, І. Zdanevich; The group's virtue has been honored since the beginning of the Lyrica version, in which the first books of the centrifuge were found; Theories of the participants of the "Centrifuges": when prompting a lyrical move, the center of the word was not the word, but the syntactic structure. Rik stem: 1913; Representatives: V. Shershenevich, R. IVnev, S. Tretyakov; The independent theoretical basis was not mali, published in St. Petersburg views.; They were put before the founders of Futurism through critical views. Rik stem: 1918; Representatives: B. Arvatov, Oyu. Brik, V. Kamenskiy, B. Kushner, S. Tretyakov, N. Chuzhinets; The group's dedication went down from the beginning in 1918 to the newspaper “Mystestvo Communi”, and in 1923 the group was reborn into the LEF association; The theory of the participants: mystery as "life building", as well as the theory of "form revolution".
1. "The chain of flow was like the summons of the exoneration of the early Petersburg decadence, brought to the borderless between" sentiments "and" musical "verses of Balmont." S. Avdeev. 2. His futurism is a kind of Russian futurism, which did not grow out of the creative spirits of one-thinkers, but of the individual wine-walker of Igor Severyanin. 3. The history of his futurism has been very short (from 1911 to the ear of 1914), in St. Petersburg, the gurtok "Ego" is grounded, in Latin it means "I-maybutnє". 5. Has gone out of his futurism: a) the soul is the One of the Truth; b) Self-sufficiency; c) Shock the new without rejecting the old; d) Comprehension of neologisms; e) Smіlivі images, іnіteti, аsonance and dissonance; f) Fight against "stereotypes".
The founder of his futurism is Igor Severyanin. "The All-Russian Press has killed ґvalt, and we will immediately see it all over the country!" The northerner became one of his futurists, who became a successor to the history of the Russian journey. The peculiarity of the Severyanin's poetry: A special style; The interweaving of the miniature blisk of the svitsky life with exotic attributes; Hibna is beautiful, manic is the chimer of verses; Smilivi images; Addition of book and rose styles; Sensibility, sweetness. Lightness of the wind; Freshness, vitality and harmony of Rome.
"To know that the roots are not porous, the enchanting stone of the re-creation of all the words of the words in one place, it is possible to melt the words of the words, the axis of my being put to the word." One of the founders of Cubo-Futurism is Velimir Khlabnikov. Peculiarities of Khlubnikov's poetry: vicorist images and those from the spheres of life; see the plot; experimenting in the opening of the new movi (the sound is uncommon sense); Making a "comedy svitov mova"; Vidmova from rosdilovyh signs.
Pineapple Overture in Champagne! Pineapple in champagne! Wonderfully delicious, bright and gostro! I'm all in something Norwegian! I'm all in something Spanish! I'm hoping for fun! I take up the pen! Scratch airplanes! Bizhi cars! Vetroprosvist expresiv! Krilolitiv stormy! Something was blooming here! Someone was beaten there! Pineapples in champagne - the pulse of the evening! A group of girls are nervous, in the state of the ladies' suspension I am the tragedy of life in the dreamofars ... Pineapples in champagne! Pineapple in champagne! From Moscow to Nagasaki! From New York to Mars! І. Severyanin (1915) Zmіst Realny Svіt "Scratch aeroplanes! Bizhi cars! Someone was beaten there! I am the tragedy of life ... "The lyrical hero" I am the tragedy of life, which is included in the dreamofars! I'm hoping for fun! I take up the pen! "Svit mriya" I am the tragedy of life involved in dreamofars .... Pineapples in champagne! Wonderfully delicious, bright and gostro! »Form Lexicon Author's neologisms. Scratch, bizhi, windprosvist ... The syntax for the hail of the proposition. New propositions. “I'm all in the Norwegian! Well, they started here! Someone was beaten there! "" Scratch airplanes! Pineapple in champagne! "
Swear with smіh Oh ,, Smіkhachi! Oh, laugh, laughters! How they laugh laughingly, how they laugh laughingly, Oh, laughingly laughingly! Oh, laughing over-laughing laughs of laughing Smіkhachi! Oh, laughingly laughing, laughing overdaringly laughing! Smeyevo, smeyevo! Laugh, laugh, laugh, laugh! Laughing, laughing. Oh ,, Smikhachi! Oh, laugh, laughters! "Speak with smіh" Smіkhachi, grinningly, with laughter Author's neologizmi: laughter, іsmeysya ... "Smieyevo, Smeyevo! Іntonatsіyna technology vіrsha. The origin of one verbal root "smіkh" without one root neologisms.
"Lyapas for a suspenseful relish." 1. Cubofuturism - directly in mystery, yaka pragmatic on the principle of cubism and futurism; 2. Applied in 1908 roci; 3. The first spilny collection - "Gilea"; 4. Manifest: view of the art; past. 5. They gave special meaning to the word. In the article “Word yak take”, the boules have been set up rows: Dir bul shil ubesshur skum vi zi bu rl ez “In the tsom p'yativirshi bolsh rossiyskogo, lower in the whole train of Pushkin,” - stverdzhuvav A. Kruchenikh. 6. The result of the activity of cubo-futurists was the establishment of the theory of "zany move".
Akmeizm (as greek. Akme is the step of something, something, growth, maturity, summit,) is one of the modern trends in the Russian era of the 1910s, which is like a reaction to extreme symbolism. The basic principle of acmeism: the sound of the journey from the symbolic echoes to the ideal, the turning of the clarity; vidma from mystical nebula, accepting the earthly light in its development, visible concreteness, sonority, barvism; pragnennya nadati to the singing word, more precisely meaning; subject and clarity of images; brutalization to the people, to the "fairness" of yogo sentiments; poetizatsіya svitu sings Anna Akhmatova-akmeїsti Gumіlov NіkolayGumіlev Mikola, Gorodetsky SergeyGorodetskіy Sergiy Zenkevich MіhaіlZenkevіch Michael Іvanov GeorgіyІvanov Georgіy Krivich ValentіnKrіvіch Valentin Lozinsky MіhaіlLozіnskіy Michael Mandelstam Osip OsіpMandelshtam Narbut VladіmіrNarbut Volodimir Volodimir Shileiko
"Poets' workshop" The group was chased by N. Gumilov and S. Gorodetsky. Before the warehouse, the group also included A. Akhmatova, G. Adamovich, K. Vagina, M. Zenkevich, G. Ivanov, V. Lozinsky, O. Mandelstam, V. Narbut, I. Odoevtseva, O. Otsup, V. Rizdvyaniy. "Shop" having seen the magazine "Hyperborea". The name of the gurt, which was approved for the clear middle names of the workmanship organizations, was used for all the participants before the trip, which was to the essence of the professional sphere of activity. From a wide number of participants in the "Workshop" on the cob of the 1910s (close to 1911-1912) there was a vuzhcha and a naturally larger group of singers, who became amenable to themselves. Before the warehouse of the group included N. Gumilov, A. Akhmatova, O. Mandelstam, S. Gorodetsky.
Gumilov's African theme The share of poet and writer Mikoli Gumilov has been closely tied to Africa. Kilka from the entrance to the mainland have left an indelible mark on the day. The first book "Shlyakh conkistadors" (African verses are not ma zovsim) Another book "Romantic kits" The third book "Perly" (views of Africa) is a neutral zone Africa, African religious-part of the universal rivnagi. I know the growing number of parts, and I know I am happy. ("Damara") Rizni sides of Africa Gumilova Tomorrow we are developing and diznaєmosya, To whom we will volodar tsikh mists; Om dopomagaє black stone, We are a golden natіlniy chrest.
Africa-paradiseAfrica-hell "Earthly paradise" Grease, banality ("Ymovirno, in front of life ...") Africa-God About you, my Africa, poshepki Seraphim speak in heaven. ("Vstup") Garden of Eden, heavenly stem, paradise The gardener of the almighty God In the middle of the mantle krill They created the image of paradise ... ("Sudan") Vishukaniy is a giraffe to wander. Yomu graceful stringiness and youth is given, and the first skin is embellished with charming wizards. ("Giraffe") toothy Sahara and earthly skies are burning on earth ... glory to the glory of Tilka of the great seemingly pozhezhi, With heavens, it’s easy to sleep, hmari, Wander merry, similar to the Sahara. Pekelní appearances, Devil Tsei deafening day is holy, Who gracious Devil vlashtuvav ("Sudan") Then there, to the crypts he baked, Devil clattered with a whip, Shcheb grіshnikіv community Went out like a crazy tornado. ("Lisova Pozhezha") Glory to our gentlemen-European! Vin khorobry, ale vin nedogadliv. Yogo will be pierced with liquorice with a knife. ("Abyssinian Pisnі") Pekelní creatures ... I don’t know and don’t feed, Chim my soul is proud, Tilki my soul, I do not see kudi. ("Leopard") y haystacks fiercely and rude, y eyes ominous and dull, І terrible ominous teeth On the rhyme marmura of the grave. ("Gina")
Africa and the heroes of paradise African exploits with Mikoli Gumilov, wake up to glory in the religions of the world. War-Zulu ("Zambezi") shukak an elephant Fight against him for me marn, Heart know that I will be killed, I Dingan, my daddy, shout: So, you do not have a fearful dog, Leo, and you will mіzh fierce levіv. (The hero goes to the battle, to go to paradise for the same feats) Two deaths among the heroes of Gumilov First death for an hour to the feat "Nosorig", "Zambezi" Another death is from the elder and sickness "At the stone", "I and Vine" in general, Gumilev Africa is a majestic field of war between ram and hell in all manifestations, in all cases, which have not been judged to end, in the course of universal scales, in which gods take the part of a number of heroes and unhuman scales
1. Іmazhіnіzm - literary-artistic trend, which was victorious in Russia in the first revolutionary rock on the basis of the literary practice of futurism of the current 1919 rock was published by the first declaration of the new rundown, in what was created by the creation. 3. Meta: "podolaniya futurism". 4. Idea: "It is absurd for us to think about the serpent of mystery." The majesty advocated the idea of “accurate movement”, so that the sign of poetry should be brought up to the accuracy of the image, the clarity of the movement. 5. The main signs of іmazhinіzmu: the supremacy "to the image of such a"; creativity is poetic є the process of developing movi through a metaphor; sum of metaphors; poetical creativity є evolution to the image and the bishop; virsh man is a "catalog of images", however, it can be read from the ear and from the tip. 6. Representatives: S. Asenin, R. Ivnev, A. Mariengof, V. Shershenevich, B. Erdman, E. Yakulov.
1. The first magazine іmazhinіstіv vvazhaєtsya collection under the name "Kin yak kin". 2. Period іsnuvannya: pp; 3. The book rejected the negative messages: "Might be, there is a lot you will not be worthy of here, but at the same time I joke around in the journey for a fair poetry." V. Shershenevich; 4. Poems that entered the community before the family bore the name of the science, with the help of bare the constructive principle to induce the verse. 5. An important mice came to the category of "form" and "zmistu", as well as such a different way as a metaphor; 6. Organizer: V. Shershenevich.
"Rose about the eye of Lucy Kusikov" Aquarelle eyes. Zinitsya with a gold rim. On the white Elbrus lodoviks cool. On the sky, a little bit of a month The majestic snow of the area, and the whole area of the land, the whole area in the eyes of the eyes. Parquet floors The lighthouse of the zinitsi on the bilmah hvil goydaisya! Moving nose rosib'є nibble high cheeks! Two eyes - a pair of dark waltz. Sindetikon of molarity of gluing zinitsya. Opened cigarette case krіz shirochin vії, De dvі spring nezapalenyh cigarettes. Ochi are bottles of milk. They have a zіnytsі yak tsukru pіd hurricane hairs. Ochi side biloї, de dvі plami Іl locomotive in the fields of bіlkіv screaming. Zinitsi shine, polished with wax zinitsi - the station in the fun in front. 1. Shershenevich's poetry is characterized by a metaphorical depiction, which is shown in this verse. 3. A human eye lastly tweak from: Aquarelle Mystery of a light bulb A flat small cigarette case A glass of milk Bily Storinka Steam locomotive 2. The theme is just a picture, so you can show your majesty in front of incomprehensible objects. 5. The image in the title, naspravd, only abstraction (pure form). 6. Contrast of the part and the whole (the theme is insignificant, but the images are serious and vyshukan).
1. Another magazine of Imaginists became the magazine "A hotel for the more expensive in the beautiful." 2. The editor of the magazine bouv M. Savin, ale materials for the editorial board belonged to A. Mariengofa. 3. The hour of reading the magazine: Meta: informing the readers of the last of the information about the philosophy in the field of philosophy of art. 5. The magazine presented problematic statistics about the role of poetry and mystery in the up-and-coming literary and suspense process. 6. The first issue was called “Not the editorial”, but the other one was “Mayzhe Declaration”.
Trains of Mariengof: - I respect the spheres of the utmost respect; -combines beautifully and more indulgently; -mіnnya і love before experiments; -agression towards traditions; - the blasphemy and cynicism of creativity; -fight against the basis of Christianity by the traditional system of values; - fragmentation; Accept me, deceased in Boz, Give Thy praise! I am like a cabbage roach, having overwhelmed the city with rapt, On a yaku road. I am like a dull beast, like having left the back of a dabbrow, I am like a sheep's tail. Ale all the same ... I vimaguyu I nagorodi: Give me praises of light Tvii! 3. Virshi prompted on the basis of reasons. Ale not the stink of the feud, but the thematic perspective of the virshi. 2. Rivnyannya add to the criticism of the character of the lyrical hero. 1. The aesthetic center of virshi є zuhvale bestiality to God (mayzhe relieved of metaphorical imagery).
The manifestation, which means the term "sredniy vіk", was a nebulous cultural pidyom. Tse buv period of updating of different types and genres artistic creativity, Reappraisal, zalous revaluation of values, like hanging the creator-artist in the light scale. Word-symbol Z without a meaning Word-name of an object Word-sound Word-metaphor with singing meanings SYMBOLISM AKMEIZMAKMEIZM FUTURISM ІМАЖІНІЗМІМАЖІНІЗМ Modernism Срібний вік
