M. Gorky "At the bottom": description, heroes, analysis of p'usi

The creative idea of ​​p'єsi "At the bottom" is to lay down to the ear of 1900 rock. M. Gorky was trying to set the "cycle of dramas" from chotiroh p'єs, the skin of which was assigned to the image of the singing ball of the Russian suspension. About the rest of the wine, write in the middle of 1901 to the rock Do. P. Pyatnitskiy: “One more thing: tramps. Tartar, Yevrey, actor, master of the house, villains, detective, poviya. It will be scary. I have already prepared plans, I bach - denouncing, postati, I feel voices, promises, motives - sound, everything is clear! in which the head is a conflict of people who settled on the bottom of life, with a new light. In one of the manuscript editions of the book it was titled like this: "At the bottom of life." At the same time, people are found at the same time at the bottom of the minds, thoughts, the skin of them is brought up to fight against the fall in their own. The conflict is developing in parallel with the effort of the p'usi.

On the cob of p'єsi bachimo bags of nichlіzhki, not satisfied with their lives, with themselves, with each other. Bagato hto from them earlier sack is more beautiful, and here after drinking through yakes is not frequent. So, the Baron and Satin came here to go out, Bubnov pishov out of the squad, having lost his mastery, the Actor got drunk. Deyak, for example, Nastya, Nicholas did not bother their life. Some of them have already reconciled themselves to such a setting and reason, that it’s hard to climb from the bottom, and they are encouraged to go to them for hours. So, Klisch thought, that after the death of the squad, it’s a lot of pratsyuvatime and you can take care of yourself more beautifully. Win vvazhaє, as long as life is "honestly", then you can reach everything. The actor, navpaki, intends to know the peace of mind in alcohol, and we ourselves can do it even more for the heavy camp. Win is no longer rozrahovuє to leave the ciu nichlіzhku і from the girkotoy zgadu his colishnє life. The first axis of the middle of the driven people is a third-party ludin - Luka, a twitching, passport-free did. A great help to all people, it is to bring the bagaty people a lot of hope. Hannah, Klisha's squad, lie at death і arrogant fellow citizens. And the old people will fall to the ground. Chekayuchi pislya death, the same torment, won’t hope for the chuє word: There will be nothing! Nichogo! Ty - vir! Spooky and - more than nothing! .. ”The actors are encouraged to talk about the idea of ​​a cat-free drug for alcoholics, and that, in one day, settling down from a drink and a pratsyuvav, going on the street. I will sing to Luke to make me happy with Natalka to Siberia, and there is a new life there. The sacks of little people have a singularity, but the stench can be violated in full of important life at will. And here the author porushuє glyboko philosophical nutrition: "And why people need nonsense?" Even more of Luke's words are nonsense, immobilized with zal, vishiti, help. In the same way, I see Nastya in the discourses about the “spravozhny kokhannya,” although it’s obvious that she hasn’t seen anything like that, since everything is from books. Suggest the price of food to sound in the words of Satin: “Whoever is weak in soul ... and whoever lives with other people's juices - that nonsense is needed ... not a stranger - what nonsense is it? Nonsense is the religion of slaves and gentlemen ... Truth is the God of all people! I will show you the whole development of the project. Mi bachimo an avarium of all hopes: the death of Gann, and the tools The store was sold at the funeral - I won’t be lost without any effort for the funeral; Vaska Ashes drove in at the beggar Kostilov, scho, mabut, bring him to v'yaznitsa; The Tatar has opened his hand and lost to the robot. There will be hostility, but Luke will bring a life to her life without a pittance, a bit of a loss from her coming out, the situation in the middle of the country will become heavy, right on the cob. The tramps more and more pounded to the "bottom", the stench played more one more stink of their share, they spent a lot of wind in their strength. Tse tse nagoloshutsya naprikіntsі p'єsi. The actor, adding to Luke's picture and constantly shifting Satin, all of it about the bezel-less drug for alcoholics - nonsense, put your hands on yourself. I, as an illustration of the no-go at the camp of the nichlizhniks, to sound the great words of Satin: “Ex ...

Taking as the basis of his experience the conflict of the lower suspension with the uneasy people, Gorky zumiv viconati is not very enthusiastic - to show all the intervening of the people, as if it is necessary to show up "at the bottom", all can appear. I’m practically practical, the unhappiness of any positive changes in one's life, unimpressed at all efforts and hopes, a bit of a stink of not vilny people. Vila lyudina, according to Gorky, is guilty of boldly wondering at the truth in her eyes, and does not know even in garnishing nonsense, satisfied with her camp. I only if the people become strong, you can do the hard work and survive without a single hour. You can only hope for a beautiful life not only for one people, but for the whole suspension.

Gorky M.

Tvir on the topic: Gorky. "At the bottom".

Let us remember the appearance of the Russian literature on the ear of the XX century was Gorky's "At the bottom". How can I explain this vinyatkovy success? Stronger hostility to the gaze celebrated the end of the borderline realistic image of people, as they reached the last step of misery, to spoil that unrighteous, because of the glorified People and the truth. Before the publication of the first time, there appeared a lot of villains, tramps, cheats, people who sank to the "bottom" of life. P'usa Gorky Bula was overtaken by the protest of the anti-social spirits of the capitalist suspension and a bold call to a just and calm life. "Freedom, be it - is the axis of the spiritual day", - thus making the idea of ​​p'usi KS Stanislavsky, as if putting її on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater.

Frowning is beaten by Gorky's lack of images of images of the social evil. The share of the "bottom" baggage is a sinister act of accusation against an unfair suspicious one. People who live near a cave, similar to a cave, are victims of indulgent and harsh orders, with which people cease to be human, having re-created to a wicked simplicity, will be condemned to shkodvati. Meshkans of the "bottom" are woken up from the normal life of the laws of the people who are pampered by the suspension. Lyudin was given herself. As soon as it stumbles, vibrating from the number, it’s inevitably moral, but it’s not hard and physical. Nevira in justice zmusilo Satin will take revenge on his own, who saved his sister. Tsia pomsta brought him to the vyaznitsa, yak and gave him a share. Tambourines of temptation to drink from home, having overshadowed the main line of the squad and the kohantsev, more than being able to defend against the representatives of the law. The stink of cheating pardons, cheating fools, or even not meriting those who the suspension threw them to the "bottom" of life, without pushing the same pidtrim. Vaska Ashes, the sin of villainy, who was born at the vyaznitsa, the words of his father's feet, more way for new substitutions. Pratsyovitst and arrogance Klisch, who did not want to reconcile himself with the share of the novice, did not allow him to get out of the living "bottom".

Having turned up to the image of the life of the lowlands, the playwright stuck to the topical problem of complicity: what kind of vikhid from the camp, who have the people of the "bottom"? For the insights of Gorky himself, the main food p'єsi is more beautiful: istina chi spіvchuttya? Why do you need to talk nonsense, yak Luka? Would there be a passive, wistful humanism of all kinds of nonsense for the sacks of nothing? Nosієm її, scho shkodu and all the people, stood in the p'єsі mandrіvnik Luka. We will help the victims of life, we humiliate and admonish people, we will not help the citizens, help them. The worldly Hannah is awaiting the death of a life in paradise, de-von, because of the earthly citizens, Ashes and Natalka's old people are happy to share a new life in the golden land of Siberia. To the actor, a message about a non-koste drug for alcoholics, to the address of which one has forgotten, ale, obov'yazkovo zgadaє, giving people, who was cut down, hoping to turn to life.

The position of Luke is the idea of ​​spiriting up to people, the idea of ​​being carried away by deception, which allows people to bear the burden of "low truths", so they start out on this thorny road. Luke himself formulates his position. Zvratayuchis to Popelu, as if: "What is needed more painfully? Think, but, really, maybe a butt for you." Let's take a look at the discussion about the "righteous land". Luke is not to be seen with her, I know that she is dumb. Win zanadto korotkozoriy, sob to plow the earth, yaku to transfer Satin. Luke is ready to see if it’s like an idea, as long as it’s good enough to get in the way of people, I want to be on the wrong side of the citizenry. I don’t think about the inheritance of nonsense, because it’s too early to cry out. Try to kill a man, Luke at once does not cheat on someone else, for everyone, all people are not good, weak, wretched, they will demand this: "I’m all one! ".

In such a rank, the main rice of Luke's ideology is the rice of slavery. In general, Luke is similar to Kostilovim, the philosophy of patience is overwhelmed by the philosophical stifling, the point of view of the slave is from the point of view of the ruler. To embrace her, but who is it himself, gentleman, who is independent and do not take care of someone else's - what nonsense is that? to blame the Actor, who knows about those old people who lost their lives and who didn’t care about them, but no hopes for maybut. Otzhe, Luke's nonsense is out of the woods.

Luke's nonsense leads to the illusions of illusions, which liberates the rest of the forces to fight against suspicious evil, social injustice, through how to understand the complexities of the situation. The antipode of Luke - Satin verbally expresses the philosophy of all modern nonsense: "Nonsense is the religion of servants and gentlemen", "Truth is the god of the great people." Winning the truth in the luddin, in the building, is the truth, as if it weren’t big. "Lyudin is the axis of truth", - the hero is sturdzhu. On view of Luke Satin vimoglivy to people and vvazhaє, that people can do everything, as long as everything is stored up from the right to the idea. Wine does not require all nonsense, generated grievance. To pity a person means to devalue її zneіroyu in health to reach his happiness, to mean shukati pіdtrimku in all types of deception and nonsense, as to suppress the will, as well as marriage, to life. Along the dark and darkened crypts of the little ones, the middle of the haunted, unhappy, unprepared volotsyugs, to sound like a hymn about Ludin, about її praise, the power of that beauty. "Lyudin's axis is true! Everything is in the people, everything is for the people! The only people are smart, everything is on the right of his hands and the brain! Lyudin! It's wonderful! It sounds great. Proudly!"

Lyudina herself is the creator of her own share, in a new way she was forced, behind the addition of some kind of wines, the old people of the past, the love of the share, the injustice of the world, her mercy and the social life of the suspension. Thirst and spirits are wonderful, even more necessary for all of us, albeit truthful, adequate to the reasonableness of their mercy and opportunities, we can give people a chance to overcome the evil part and the statues of fairness and happiness.

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Bibliographic description:

Nesterova I.A. Super-speeches about ludin in the work of Maxim Gorky At the bottom [Electronic resource] // Osvitnya encyclopedia

Lyudin's that picture of the life of people, created by a fraction of one step, in the mystery of the idea of ​​Maxim Gorky.

In 1900-1903, the importance of the economic crisis vibrated in Russia. Factories and backwaters were closing in, other kramars were burning. Thousands of robots and peasants resigned themselves without any effort to show that dahu over their heads. Accepting the masters of the dark habits, creeping into the wickedness of the teeth-eating people, they knew how to cut off the influx of their stinking breeders, re-making them into nothing, they knew, they became the volunteers

Gorky portrayed a picture of the life of the cich people at the "At the bottom". The ideological-artistic effect of the creature, having fallen in front of the natural, is not straightforward, and I will especially arrange the social work, having lived for myself, showing my anti-naturalness and inhumanity.

Diya p'єsi see nichlіzhtsі Kostilevikh. A chain dark pedal from one end. The stele is important, kam'yani crypt, smoked, with plaster, it has collapsed. Vzdovzh stin nari with brute ganchir'yam, in the midst of miserable non-fusion steels and two lavas. Tse sprazhnє "bottom", the last stage of wretchedness and evil. What about people? Here the representatives of the old countries began to appear, but they went down and lived: the aristocrat Baron, drunken Actor, coli-mous intellectual Satin, slyusar-remissnik Klisch, the populist woman Nastya, the villainous.

Before us are evil people. The smell of distant revolutionary ideas. Ale and here at the dark musty pauldrons є a time for great human thoughts, great experiences. It is here that philosophical concepts are born, cured by vague and vision, but only by hope.

The two heroes of Luke and Satin aspire to the protists of life. Luka is a peasant-man, a common philosopher. Yogo mova is virazna, cleared of wise slyness, zhartіv, orders and mysteries of the authorities to people and from the people. Luka has "his own people" for the sacks of the lower class; win namagatsya skin viclikati on rosema, skin help, give pleasure. For dermal Luke, I know a good word: і for Annie, scho in the world, і for Vaska-Popelu, and for all belittling Nastya. Luke's laggy words have no cunning, like Kostilov's licorice slips. Yogi words come for the heart of the skin sack of dark p_dvalu. People were eagerly pushing themselves to the point. "Laskaviy, m'yakiy" - talk about the new Gann. "Good," Natalya will repeat. Luke vvazhaє all people are weak, do not cheat on the ability to fight for rights. Ale win sacredly, pity, mercy, just respect for people, for her, you can bring a lost soul to people.

Vaska Peplu Luka instills a thought about a trip to Siberia, children can learn to live more honestly, the Actor can talk about the possibility of living in alcoholism in a bezel-less likarna, Hanna, as in the world in a dry world, in the world for a whole life.

Bach onion and intelligence, so the panun's support has social injustice. "There is no order in life," - kazhe win. Ale vin, assuming evil and untruth of life, do not believe in the ability to fight against them. Having become attached to life, Luke wants to reconcile with her all those who feel.

Philosophy Satina - cheerful cynicism, take off life yak іgri. Vіn kolishnіy telegrafіst, who stood up for the honor of his sister and having drunk at the vyaznitsa, and go "to the bottom" of life. There are a lot of vices that have been crushed by the lodging house: winners and sharpshooters, horrible and cynical for an hour, ale from those tramps who are aware of the mind, I will be aware of that latitude of nature. It can be seen that I have an authority among the nichlizhniks, I listen to them before they hear. Satin rozmіrkovuє over the wrong relocation of life. In these short remarks, one can hear clear evidence of the fact that it is the responsibility of the suspension that is “killed”, but now that the “kolishnya” of the lyudin is out of the question.

Luke just stick to his suspension, and why not fight with him. Satin does not accept suspension, or do not fight against it. Luke and Satin, in the main, leads a super-list about a human being, as it has grown into a super-list about humanism.

The piece "At the bottom" was shot by Maxim Gorky specially for the corpse of the Art Theater, and I did not see it in the eyes of the author as a self-confidence literary tvir... However, the power of the psychological attraction, the gostr, the singing world is scandalous, the theme to the creator, made the painting "At the bottom" in the rank of the most powerful dramaturgic creatures.

"At the bottom" - a whole lot of modernization of the subject of belittling and depiction of the Russian literature. The author of the report about thoughts and feelings of people, as from the will of the surroundings, decided on the very days of the suspension. The very name of the creation has a great zmist, which even more accurately reflects the theme of p'usi.

The main images of the hero of p'usi "At the bottom"

From the first sides of the drama "At the bottom", a dark and unacceptable picture unfolds in front of us. A dark, brute pidval, which is more similar to the primordial cave, є the living room of people who, for some reason, have settled on the days of social life. Some of them have a lot of successful people who got angry because of the grip of the valley, but they have a lot of success here.

All the stinks of the skut with only tangles, which glaze at the surface of any spiritual and cultural development. The inhabitants of the Nichlіzhka were tired of struggling with the difficult and quietly pouring for the flow of life. Bitterly I portray people who are ruined, since none can not grow from the bottom.

Villain Vaska Popil do not get overwhelmed by your life of value, talk about those who sell the villainous way of their fathers. An actor who, in essence, is one of the most misleading inhabitants of the city, is not able to contemplate his philosophical thought in practice, to spend the rest of his life.

She died in terrible agony Gann, yaka all the same sacredly virila until the last moment of her life at the oduzhannya. Ale as і skin suspension, wind on the lower ends of a bull of a lyudin, as it maggizes and ignites a fire in the souls of the deer.

So a hero m bov priest Luke... Win namagavsya instill in people wrong, shtovhav them on those who smelled in their own strength and vibrated from the bottom of the suspension. Protest of yogo nіkhto not chuv. After the death of the priest, the sensation of people became even more intolerable, the stench absorbed that weak thin thread of hope, as it was still in their souls.

The price of the world Klisha O short life, and I was the first to welcome myself to my struggle for a dream. Hope for those who want to be able to vibrate stars, appeared with a rosoptanoyu. The inhabitants did not lack the strength to follow Tim Vognik, who showed Luke.

The tragedy of the suspension

On the butt of heroes, the author will show that people cannot live. I don’t feel ashamed of the past, some of the things in life are not insured. Ale, having settled down on the days, I don't have the right to be obsessed with the surroundings, but navpaki, tse become by forceful postage to a shorter life.

"At the bottom" you can roztsіnyuvati like a freewheeling historical list. The situation, the yak is described in p'єsi, the bullet is extended on the cob of the stolittya.

It is easy to sink to the bottom of the suspension, like two bytes. For all, a mother does not need special knowledge, but rather a vmіnnya. The axis is only zalishya people, think about all kinds of speeches, and dwell on philosophical ones - it’s not just skinny. Aja lyudin, yak perebuvaє on the day, less than three go: roam into the path, repetitively to the philosopher or resurrect from the singing.

Spadshchina by Maxim Gorky

Oleksiy Maksimovich Pushkov pleasing to the world about those who live "new people". People, who are impervious to the plan of intellectual and physical development, manner and principles. While new people see fearlessness and eagerness of freedom, never mind, you can smell anything you want. I do not want to know how to be behind the border of the young, so it is power.

For a whole hour, I got to write 5 novels, 10 verses, 18 announcements and drawings, 16 publications and published 3 cycles of public articles. Writer, prose writer and playwright 5 times bouv of nominations for rejection Nobel Prize at the galuzi literature. Having become famous for one of the most famous Russian misters and writers. Pislya blame for myself, having overshadowed the fall of the bagat, and one of the beads of the collection є p'essa "On the bottom".

"At the bottom"

P'єsa "At the bottom" poured the light of 1902 to rock. Before the publication of the material, the author didn’t think for a moment, for what it was called zupinitis. Win mav vibir mid-range options: "Bottom", "Nichlizhka", "On the bottom of life", "Without a dream". With a grave p'єsa, I cut off a short one, and I will call it “At the bottom”. Two times later, I went to vikhodu, 1904, and was awarded the Griboediv Prize.

Forward, the performance based on the motives of the theater was staged on the 18th breast of 1902 at the Moscow Art Theater. At the Radianske Hour, the performance of the Gladwala Gladachiv 9 times was performed. Vostannє її can be poured into 1956 rock. Ale tse did not change the success. More than once the p'єsa was put behind the cordon at such places as Berlin, Krakiv, Gelsinki, Paris, Tokyo, New York, London, Tunis. From 1996 to the present hour 20 performances were staged native lands light. P'usa Bula was screened 10 times not by a vichiznyy cinematographer, but in Ugorshchina, Japan and France.

Chim so impressed on the tsya p'єsa community: the problem of moral choice; to the knowledge that skin people have their own truth; Why is the very image of the bottom in the story "At the bottom" of the strings of a human soul twitching? I'll try again.

M. Gorky, "At the bottom": a short zmist

Create ideas are seen in such a misc, like a nichlizka. Nichivlya є Vlasnistu M.I. Kostilova. Here people hesitate, as they have long since sunk to the bottom of the suspension. Some of them are still more likely to vibrate with those who can vibrate from the heat and change their share for more beauty, but some have long since dropped their hands and scrambled at the found channel of the “bottom”.

There are many residents of the city. They have a small share, look at life, that їm smartly rises up, through the success of the welds. The gentleman of the ruler will pledge, Vasilin, to love Vaska Popela, as a snatch for life as a steal. Vaughn namovlyaє villainy beat її cholovіk, how the stench boiled vіlnіm іm nіkhto not intruding. Tilka Vaska didn’t pick up for Vasilis, for a long time already the young sister Natalya had been crying. Vasilina pomichaє tse and mercilessly b'є Natalya, through that she will be drunk to lykarna. For whiskey, you can’t turn around.

About how long did it come out, how did M. Gorky (At the bottom) melt? Short zm_st to visit another part of the tragic. Among the guests there are Nova lyudina Luke, who instills everything, how life can be gratified. Ale koli mіzh Kostilovim and Vaska winnickaє conflіkt, after which Vasko vipadkovo drives Kostilov, and the villainy zaareshtovuyut, Luka is a miraculous rank znikaє. The actor, who got attached to Luke, and having made it up, was tormented and hung around the courtyard. The enemy of the reading is a financial phrase to the creation, said by Satin because he knows about the actor's bend: "The axis is foolish, just write zipsuvav."

People of the bottom

People of the bottom at Gorky's "At the bottom" The stench has indulged in a foldable living situation. The main heroes to the creation:

• Mikhailo Kostilov is the head of the Nichlizhka.
• Vasilina - Kostilov's squad, to love the villainy of Ash.
• Natalya is the sister of Vasilisa, to endure the beatings of her older sister and go out from the clinic.
• Luka is a mandarin, like a raptor who appears and knows, all the nonsense.
• Vaska Ashes is a villain who bazhak change his share.
• Klish is an extravagant robotic, who wants to turn to the last life.
• The Baron is an old aristocrat, and he has lost his admiration for the most beautiful moments of his life.
• Satin is a sharpie, in singing, what a smut for a people - tse spiritual freedom
• The actor - if the truth has appeared on the great stage, nina p'yanitsya, who does not see anyone short, as to end life by suicide.

Analysis p'usi

Having written Gorky "At the bottom" now? An analysis of the work will show you, in the midst of the moral brute of the slaves of the suspension, a small, quiet vugilla, which unobtrusively hiss: "Lyudin is proud, Lyudin is good!" It is especially vividly visible if there is not a big problem in front of the guests of the fast.

Isn't that nonsense?

The problem of moral choice in Gorky's "At the Bottom" is even more important. Do people think they might? Does licorice have nonsense and girku the truth, having spiced p'usu Gorky "At the bottom"? The analysis will show that the maystor of malt nonsense in the creature is the mandarin Luka, the wine of humor, that people need to tell those who want to smell the stench. Winn of all the bags of a small amount. Daruє viru, there is a chance to change your life, if you screw it in like that. Ale koli vin raptom znika, all stan niyakovo. The guests feel abandoned, and the Actor, who, according to Luke's words, will end his life with suicide.

In the case of Gorky's "At the bottom", the truth is that the hero - Satinim - is the hero. Tsey cholovik is not a nice representative human race- an unclean wine on hand, love vipiti, take care of the fate of the beggars, marvel at the maybut with pesimism. But in a new way, there is more knowledge and intelligence of what to see. It’s all right to go simple truth: “It’s necessary to write a team, you’re a man.” Satin doesn’t have a charismatic personality, as I can lead NATO, I’m not a revolutionary, not a psychologist and not a politician - I’m just saying in the obvious, like it burned in the eyes of a , I will especial іskru. I won’t go out, if Satin is aware of it, like a meal with Luke’s garnished nonsense.

The image of the bottom at p'єsi "At the bottom"

How else can you say about the Vitvir Classic Russian Literature? Why would it be so good to visit our fellows? Moreover, is the topic taken up by Oleksiym Maksimovich still relevant in our time?

P'usu, yaku writing M. Gorky ("At the bottom") can be called social-philosophical. Here, social life and philosophical thought do not change, but better add one thing, timidly, we live and live with good cheese. The image of the bottom in the painting "At the bottom" є the suvor reality of the lower vernaculars of the suspension. There are no facts here, but only real life, Taka, yaka won є. The share of frosty, quiet, but there is no greater chance for those who will grow up. For the first time in the light of the dramaturgy Bulo shows an unenlightened share " number of people". At the sticky temryavi musty underworld, there were some rocks, and people were reduced to a share. Nowadays, the stench seems to be soulfully fighting for your own sense. Whoever wins the power to those who see, but who can be seen in both deaths. One prominence of hope in a ciu unenlightened temryavu the principle of Luke, who encouraged people, and then he knew. Fortunately, in such a situation, do not give up, ale the words of Satin inspire people not in Maybut, but in vlasne humanity... The image of the bottom in the painting "At the bottom" є a chamber tortur, de in the role of kata vistupaє Yogo The greatness of roscharuvannya. Vono zhorstoko b'є have already been poured by a bunch of people for a long time.

The image of the bottom in the "At the bottom" - the price is darker that unenlightened, ale with people in the middle. And there de є lyudin, if there will be trohi hopes, aje lyudin - it’s wonderful.

The truth is known

Gromadske was ambiguously put to p'єsi, as written by M. Gorky ("At the bottom"). People are in need of foreign citizens of the lower penny of a suspension. Ale the truth of this history, which characterizes the share of its heroes, became known not only in the Radiansk Union, but in the whole world - from America to Japan.