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Peculiarities of re-translation of newspaper articles. Theoretical aspects of the view of the peculiarities of the translation of simple words and terminology on the basis of scientific texts and dissertational robots Particularities of the implementation of the text in the film course

As a result of changes in the scientific paradigm, which appeared in the 70s. and it turned out that it’s not like an immanent system, but a system, the warehouse constitutive power of the people, respect for linguists concentrated on the cognitive aspects of moving, meaning V. - tse doslіdzhuvati yogo "at the set to the dіyalnosti misleading and sensitive spirits". Take the bachennya movi I owe great respect to the understanding of the movable commune, partly of which is the scientific translation.

The meaningless value of the understanding of the scientific and technical translation, the translation of the scientific and technical text.

So, for example, Z.M. Volkova vvazhaє, that the basic concepts of the theory of translation is the problem of translatability. On the basis of the "transfer" of the Danes the author is wise the possibility of accurately transferring the author's thoughts to the original from the use of them in the form, which will be determined by associations and due to the preservation of the author's style by moving the transfer. A lot of prominent languages outside the cordon were set and put on the basis of such a possibility.

And, obviously, it’s impossible to miss the idea of not changing over, some of them should come across such a new category, for some non-indications in the sense of However, the appearance of indications is, of course, a common occurrence.

A.V. Fedorov, who said that they are non-transferable є if they do not use the same elements of the original, as they seem to be based on the foreign norms of the movement, which are seen by the fact that it is the same to the whole word of the movement, so it is in the main Funkts_ya їх, like the slavs of the mussels, in the cross-section of the disappearance. The invariance of the senses can also be affected by the shifting of some elements of phraseology. But in general, the whole practice is to shift the principle of translatability to criminality, and it is especially true in relation to scientific and technical literature.

Whether it is a scientific and technical text, it can be translated from one language to another with absolutely certainty, it can be interpreted in the originals as such knowledge, for which in the world there is a translation of the term. In these types of changes, the most often go to interpretation, and the formation of the necessary terminology is needed in the field of technology, such as science stakes, as they are engaged in food. The emergence of new terms does not bring dissonance into the zagalny mood of Movi; new terms are very different, so the terminology behind its nature є the most flexible and minimalist, be it any move.

Given the robots, we will be able to adjust the positions of L.M. Alexey and E.A. Kharitonova, who vvazhayut, that the transfer of the scientific text is a special type of commune, and the model great activity shifting is one of the components of cognitive activity. It is necessary to bear in mind that the transfer is unaffected by the fragmentation of the out-of-the-box methodology, especially that it is difficult to transfer the terms of the scientific text, there is not much to tell, at that time, as the stench plays the main role in the conceptualization.

The special features of the scientific and technical text of V.N. Komisariv. Vin vkazu, the school of science and technology literature is characterized by offensive features:

Visibility of the social storage. There is a specialness in the main and the absolute translatability of scientific and technical texts, the reader’s scrutiny is not guilty of any third party associations, it’s not guilty of reading a number of rows, catching up with a lot of hateful words, The meta of the author of a scientific and technical text is to accurately describe those chi іnshe appearances anyway, that chi іnshis subject or processes; the fault of the reader is guilty of the correctness of his glances and visnovki, volayuchi not to the senses, but to the point of view. True, when shifting polemical appearances, it is possible to adapt to the deyako emotsionnuyu text, however, in the same style, the original needs to be transferred from the protection, to the norms of the Russian scientific and technical.

Pragnennya to clarity, clarity and stiffness. It is a pragmatic understanding of the viraz in the presence of readable grammatical constructions and lexical units, as well as in a wide range of terminology. As a rule, I’m trying to get overwhelmed, tired of terms, I want to develop and so called terms (terms, which may be going in the university sphere, such as the way of changing the words, the new ones). Pragnennya to the stance to twist, to wake up, in a wide stasis of information, gerund receipts, Quickly and intelligently.

Especially in the sense of navantazhennya deyakie sliv povsyakdenny rozmovnoy movi. Rethinking the words of the growing world in one of the productive methods to inspire new terms. To that, there is a senseless word, it is necessary to lay down to the vocabulary of all the words and readings of the function of the term. For example: put out - in general move - "extinguish the fire", and for sailors - "go to sea", stroke - in Obidenko move - "blow", and for mechanics - "piston move", hoe - zagal "motika", and for the buddy - "ringing shovel" і ін. The price of the power of words is a particularly delicate jerel of difficult and pardons for re-transfer.

Vіdminna vіd zagalnіlіteraturnoї mov and the frequency of implantation of words in the main vocabulary fund. The vocabulary of scientific and technical literature on the basis of the basic vocabulary of artistic creations. That is, the frequency of some elements of the vocabulary of scientific and technical literature, the frequency of some elements of the vocabulary of artistic creations, with the typical figures of the scientific and technical style of used literary and book words,

The frequency of living and the importance of such grammatical forms and constructions is evident from the literature. According to the statistical tributes of S.I. Kaufman. The frequency of stagnation of active and passive constructions in artistic literature rolls around 98% and 2%, while for technical literature, it is 33% Even in the technical literature, Passive Voice will get used to it 15 times more often than with artists. Viznachennya in technical literature to get used to 3 times more often, not at the artist. On the prepositional position of the man in the role of the fit in the literary literature, 37%, and on the last fall - 63%. In technical literature, a vivid picture is promoted, and 62% and 38% are generally accepted.

Zgіdno with advances Nosenko І.А. In vibrations of 100,000 words each, non-sophisticated forms in technical literature are often stagnant, not in artists (-4800 = 260 і - 3850 = 210, for example, without the knowledge of modal information). Particularly significant is the need to be promoted for the value of 2300 for technical texts and ~ 1090 for artistic prose. However, the frequency of non-singular spiritual forms in common with transitional words is for artistic prose (~ 700), not for technical literature (~ 160).

Rіdkіst vzhivannya idіomi. Idiomatic words are a series of non-foldable virazi, which may be a singular sense, often independent of the elements that are included in them. Idіomi mayzhe, I think, deyak emocіynu barvіlnіst and that does not fit into the scientific and technical texts. It’s not so easy to think and not to be a clear-cut wizard, but to thoroughly override the spirit of scientific and technical movement.

Zasosuvannya quickly and cleverly. Qia and offensive characteristic є a lot of pragmatism to strength and clarity.

Stagnation of special virases and lexicographic constructions (such as: centers, and / or, on / off, etc.).

At the beginning of the program, it is possible to create a new image, so that the characteristics of the scientific and technical movement are guilty to serve for the transfer of its own kind of program to reflect the quality of the quality, so that you can smell it at those moments that will bring

As it is already indicated, in the case of difficult translations of the scientific text, the translations are guilty of going into the interpretation, and perhaps deprived of the knowledge of the subject of the text. This is not only the knowledge of the peculiarities of the text, but additional help when shifting, it is also necessary to be a fachian in this region.

Yak vvazhaє A.V. Fedorov, the necessary intelligence to reach the accuracy of the transfer є the knowledge of the subject, is interpreted in the originals. The transfer is guilty of the nobility, the subject matter of the whole thing, but if it is in the original form, it is in the originals that it is correctly transmitted to the nobility without losing information. Tse do not wait for the buvaє simply by right. For example, in the speech - "High strength to size and cost are basic factors in the evaluation of materials."

It is necessary to critique the meaning of the word "High strength to size"

"The high value of performance before development and partiality is the main criteria for evaluating materials."

The vision of the word will compensate for the loss of information, so that it can be found in the originals, which would become used with the correct translation.

Only ignorance of the subject can be shifted to the preserving order of the original when shifting the offensive line:

"In this case one curve passes through each point of the plane."

"In a cytovipadku one curve to pass through the dermal point of the area."

Walk, but one curve curved the entire area, fragments of it pass through all points. For the sake of truth in the originals, there is about the family of curves, "it is only necessary to overbudov the order of words and the correct shift:

"One curve passes through the dermal point of the area."

Iakshcho deyakі thoughts of the author іs vikladenі are unclear, the translations of the goiters of the viclast's tsі mіstya are clear in literary language. However, in any case, it is impossible to put on the path of the tlumachennya or the development of the author's thoughts. You can introduce the translation along the line, but not according to the author's idea.

It is also not possible to spiral only on that theory and practice, as well as in the form of shifting: the author of the original can say about something new, often overlook the current glances. In other words, the change is to blame for the independent world of the subject, it is correct to think of the author's thoughts unclearly to the original, to the idea of good Russian language, not one iota of the author's thoughts on the other hand. Having stumbled in the difficult, shifting, the nikoli is not guilty of allowing his own work to be "bolsh-mensh correct" shifting. Guilty for some difficult times, for mother's husband's ability to recognize his lack of ability to translate give the floor, Viraz, or to find the propositions and surplus, are not transferable.

In this point, the problem of knowledge of the subject of the translated text was examined. In the course of the week, we came to a visit, that knowledge of the subject is important, but it is important to put it in front of the point, that in the process of good knowledge, we can transfer to the original, as if it’s possible to bring a vibration between two different kinds of wonderful things, one I know, and the one who is weakly aware of the subject, but if Volodya knows my original thoroughly, then vibrate fall for the first candidate: the vocabulary does not negate the good knowledge of the subject.

However, the knowledge of the subject of the translated text is unimportant; for the translation of a scientific and technical text, it is necessary to understand it, so that terminology should become the basis of any scientific text. To that, in the offensive points, it is possible to understand the concept of the term in the theory of translation.

In such a rank, revealing the specifics of the environment for the transfer, there is a special theory for the transfer of three rows of factors, which are responsible for the transfer of the type. Firstly, the very belonging to the original to a special functional style can be infused into the nature of the reclaiming process and vimagati, the reclaiming of the establishment of special methods and priyomy. In another way, the focus on a specific original can be used to zoom the stylistic characteristics of the text to the translation, and, moreover, the need for the choice of such modern tasks, which characterize the analogous functional style already in the PYa. І, nareshti, as a result of the interchange of two factors, there may be more different types of features, such as those made from alpine rice and indications as well as signs of analogous functional styles in such In other words, there is a special theory of transferring vivchas into the process of transferring the main features of the singing functional style in the IM, which is similar to that of the functional style in the PYa and in the interchange of two rows of different appearances.

Within the framework of the skin functional style, it is possible to see actions of various specialties, injecting them on the go, and the result of the transfer process can be achieved meaningfully. For example, in the scientific and technical style, the lexico-grammatical particularity of the scientific and technical materials, in the first place, is the role of terminology and special vocabulary. In the newspaper-information style, the order of the important role of political terms, names and names, the whole special character of the headlines, wider coverage of newspaper clichés, the presence of elements in the rose style and jargon, etc. In addition to such extravagant peculiarities, in the skin movement there is an analogous functional style with specific movable rice.

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Entry
1.4 Features of the translation of terminological words and simple words in the scientific and technical literature
Chapter 2. Analysis of the text and infusion of context into the translation of terms
2.1 Specific features in the context of shifting medical terms
2.2 Features of the translation of terminological keys and simple words for the translation of international applications
visnovok
List of vikoristanikh dzherel
supplement

Entry

The theory of transfer (N.V. Aristov, G.I. Boginya, S.A. Vasil'ev, V.Z. Dem'yankov, A.N. on the basis of knowledge of yak movi, as well as postural action. Interpretation - the process of interpreting the results of processing scientific facts and with caution in one system. Crazy, the reason is not self-evident in the process of transferring a scientific text, but is tied to the problem of mastering the text of all scientific discourse, and not of its semantics. On the basis of the rationalization of the translations, the thoughts to the original are "translated" into the difficult translations of the scientific text. We see two main types of pardons when transferring a scientific text: conceptual pardons and pardons, tied to the sound of the text.

The main parameter of the recalculation of difficulties in a scientific text is to rely on the identification and intelligence of the basic scientific terms embedded in the text of the original. In case of an inappropriate identification of a term and its empirical sphere, it is possible to see the fixation of terminological grades, such as heritage, stemming from a pseudosonic text. For unique pseudo-audio L.M. Lapp recommends to pay special respect to the collection for the model, rather for the substantive and logical planning of the text, but also for our thought, for the successful compression of the outward text, so that the correct understanding of the concept on the basis of the explanations of the words in the correct іnshіy movі.

When shifting, madly, it is necessary to expand the referent of the term, or abstract. Abstraction is tied from zazagalnyam, from the bottom to the top. The destruction of the given process until the sound of the referent і, like inherited ones, reclaiming pardons on the basis of the concept.

Punishments in the translation of a scientific text can also be related to the typological authority of the text - connection - to the logical design of a scientific text, in which the concept is formed. To this, the shift is guilty but concentrated mute on the crossbar of an adjacent term, and on the stem of a potentially dynamic intertextual space - the concept sphere with the introduction of many informational images in the new text. Aleksava calls the model macrotext-centric.

In such a rank, the transfer of a scientific text cannot be made to the point of a joke without the straightforward terminological explanations. Mi viznachaєmo yak is a folding process of thinking, so that the transmission of messages of scientific concepts is polarized.

Naukovi, technical and dilovy texts have appeared to be read by linguists recently, from the 30s to the 40s of the XX century. The current world of science has become one of the main independent and independent entities in the order of my artistic literature, literary development and traditional ideas. The great and controversial science of science to literature, to national science is not a subject of applied science.

It will remain an hour of interest to the scientific text, to the language of science and technology, fueled by the connection with these new employees, which have been put before the applied science of the modern scientific and technological revolution (automatic processing of texts on natural sciences, vocabulary and bank danikh, linguistic security of automated systems). At the heart of the solution of industrial applied problems is a richly aspectful linguistic analysis of a scientific text as a succinctness of new texts of this knowledge.

terminological better than the style of words

The special text is presented, it is representative of that science, technical and organizational and dilove knowledge. The process of forming a special text on the application of scientific texts is easy to understand. Science knowledge (including those and knowledge of technical) - the price of the ideal images of the people who represent reality, power, vision and laws material light in the field of science and technology.

However, the special scientific knowledge, bezperechno, is the main official in the form of a scientific text. Vono bagatolankov, very often, associatively, repaired from the out-of-the-way houses about the best knowledge and finished with the best concepts, tied to the same high schools. For example, a philologist with a sufficient amount of knowledge in the field of language and literature, as a rule, is a Fakhivt in this particular closed area - in literary, folklore, and so on.

In general, the problem of the scientific and technical shift in science is to achieve good. In robotics, we should be guided by the transfer of terms and context, for that there is great respect in the robot to come to the same understanding of the context and the context.

In such a rank, by the method of robotics, a look at the peculiarities of the translation of simple words and terminology (on materials of science and technology texts and dissertational robots).

The subject of advances is the re-translation of scientific articles and dissertations of scholarships.

On the basis of the information on the specialty of the translation of simple words and terminology on the basis of the information on the basis of the information.

The hypothesis of preliminaries is the postulation of the fact that a scientific and technical text has its own specialness in the translation of simple words and terminology.

In connection with the delivered meta in the robot, it is necessary to ensure that the approach is theoretical and practical in nature:

Give a description of the scientific and technical move to the Viklad.

Take a look at the back of the understanding of the term in the theory of translation, go to the point of view of the misty understanding.

Specify and characterize the special features of the transfer of terms in the scientific and technical literature.

To see the understanding of the context, the problems of introducing the context into the current science and seeing the main problems of introducing the context into the shifting of terms.

It is practical to confirm the basic position, hanging in the theoretical part of the robot.

Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of the view of the peculiarities of the translation of simple words and terminology on the basis of scientific texts and dissertational robots

1.1 Characteristics of scientific and technical movi

The meaningless value of the understanding of the scientific and technical translation, the translation of the scientific and technical text.

And, obviously, it’s impossible to miss the idea of not changing over, some of them should come across such a new category, for some non-indications in the sense of However, the appearance of indications is, of course, a common occurrence.

Given the robots, we will be able to adjust the positions of L.M. Alexey and E.A. Kharitonova, who vvazayut, that the transfer of a scientific text is a special type of communion, and the model of modern action, the transfer is just one of the components of cognitive action. It is necessary to bear in mind that the translation is unimportant to the fragmentation of the out-of-the-box methodology, especially that it is difficult to translate the terms of a scientific text, there is little understanding, at that time as the stench will play the main role in conceptualization.

The special features of the scientific and technical text of V.N. Komisariv. Vin vkazu, the school of science and technology literature is characterized by offensive features:

1. Visibility of mobile storage. There is a specialness in the main and the absolute translatability of scientific and technical texts, the reader’s scrutiny is not guilty of any third party associations, it’s not guilty of reading a number of rows, catching up with a lot of hateful words, The meta of the author of a scientific and technical text is to accurately describe those chi іnshe appearances anyway, that chi іnshe object or processes; the fault of the reader is guilty of the correctness of his glances and visnovki, volayuchi not to the senses, but to the point of view. True, when shifting polemical appearances, it is possible to adapt to the deyako emotsionnuyu text, however, in the same style, the original needs to be transferred from the protection, to the norms of the Russian scientific and technical.

2. Pragnennya to clarity, clarity and strength. It is a pragmatic understanding of the viraz in the presence of readable grammatical constructions and lexical units, as well as in a wide range of terminology. As a rule, I’m trying to get overwhelmed, tired of terms, I want to develop and so called terms (terms, which may be going in the university sphere, such as the way of changing the words, the new ones). Pragnennya to the point of twisting, waking up, in a wide stasis of information, gerundial and happy turns, very fast and clever.

3. Especially the sense of navantazhennya deyakie sliv povsyakdenny rozmovnoy movi. Rethinking the words of the growing world in one of the productive methods to inspire new terms. To that, there is a senseless word, it is necessary to lay down to the vocabulary of all the words and readings of the function of the term. For example: put out - in general move - "extinguish the fire", and for sailors - "go to sea", stroke - in Obidenko move - "blow", and for mechanics - "piston move", hoe - zagal "motika", and for the buddy - "ringing shovel" і ін. The price of the power of words is a particularly delicate jerel of difficult and pardons for re-transfer.

4. Vіdminna vіd zalnіlіteraturnoї movі the frequency of implantation of words in the main vocabulary fund. The vocabulary of scientific and technical literature on the basis of the basic vocabulary of artistic creations. That is, the frequency of some elements of the vocabulary of scientific and technical literature, the frequency of some elements of the vocabulary of artistic creations, with the typical figures of the scientific and technical style of used literary and book words,

5. Vidmіnnna vіd zagalnі literary movіvnі the frequency of living and undoubtedly the importance of certain grammatical forms and constructions. According to the statistical tributes of S.I. Kaufman. The frequency of stagnation of active and passive constructions in artistic literature rolls around 98% and 2%, while for technical literature, it is 33% Even in the technical literature, Passive Voice will get used to it 15 times more often than with artists. Viznachennya in technical literature to get used to 3 times more often, not at the artist. On the prepositional position of the man in the role of the fit in the literary literature, 37%, and on the last fall - 63%. In technical literature, a vivid picture is promoted, and 62% and 38% are generally accepted.

6. Rіdkіst іdіomi implantation. Idiomatic words are a series of non-foldable virazi, which may be a singular sense, often independent of the elements that are included in them. Idіomi mayzhe, I think, deyak emocіynu barvіlnіst and that does not fit into the scientific and technical texts. It’s not so easy to think and not to be a clear-cut wizard, but to thoroughly override the spirit of scientific and technical movement.

7. Zastosuvannya quickly and intelligently. Qia and offensive characteristic є a lot of pragmatism to strength and clarity.

8. Stagnation of special virases and lexicographic constructions (eg: centers, and / or, on / off, etc.).

At the beginning of the program, it is possible to create a new image, so that the characteristics of the scientific and technical movement are guilty to serve for the transfer of its own kind of program to reflect the quality of the quality, so that you can smell it at those moments that will bring

As it is already indicated, in the case of difficult translations of the scientific text, the translations are guilty of going into the interpretation, and perhaps deprived of the knowledge of the subject of the text. This is not only the knowledge of the peculiarities of the text, but additional help when shifting, it is also necessary to be a fachian in this region.

It is necessary to critique the meaning of the word "High strength to size"

"The high value of performance before development and partiality is the main criteria for evaluating materials."

The vision of the word will compensate for the loss of information, so that it can be found in the originals, which would become used with the correct translation.

Only ignorance of the subject can be shifted to the preserving order of the original when shifting the offensive line:

"In this case one curve passes through each point of the plane."

"In a cytovipadku one curve to pass through the dermal point of the area."

Walk, but one curve curved the entire area, fragments of it pass through all points. For the sake of truth in the originals, there is about the family of curves, "it is only necessary to overbudov the order of words and the correct shift:

"One curve passes through the dermal point of the area."

Iakshcho deyakі thoughts of the author іs vikladenі are unclear, the translations of the goiters of the viclast's tsі mіstya are clear in literary language. However, in any case, it is impossible to put on the path of the tlumachennya or the development of the author's thoughts. You can introduce the translation along the line, but not according to the author's idea.

It is also not possible to spiral only on that theory and practice, as well as in the form of shifting: the author of the original can say about something new, often overlook the current glances. In other words, the change is to blame for the independent world of the subject, it is correct to think of the author's thoughts unclearly to the original, to the idea of good Russian language, not one iota of the author's thoughts on the other hand. Having stumbled in the difficult, shifting, the nikoli is not guilty of allowing his own work to be "bolsh-mensh correct" shifting. Guilty is guilty for a little difficult, for the mother's manhood in recognizing its lack of ability to translate the word is given, or for finding the propositions and for surplus they are not transferable.

However, the knowledge of the subject of the translated text is unimportant; for the translation of a scientific and technical text, it is necessary to understand it, so that terminology should become the basis of any scientific text. To that, in the offensive points, it is possible to understand the concept of the term in the theory of translation.

1.2 The background of the understanding of terminological clues and simple words in the theory of translation

The development of scientific intelligence of terms and features is not only a part of the advancement of the science of reloading. Lexicology is also a problem to deal with.

Today, who made a great contribution to the development of terms and conditions, we can name such names: A.V. Superanskaya, yaka took up the problems of foreign terminology, B.N. Golovin and R.Yu. Kobrin (problems of linguistic foundations of terminology), T.R. Kiyak, E.S. Trojanska (problems vivchennya singularities to style scientific wiklad), E.F. Skorokhodko (feeding on the translation of terms in English technical literature), T.M. Pyankova, etc.

L.M. Aleksova and E.A. Kharitonova examines the term as a verbal symbolization of concrete knowledge, "compress the thought". The term of intelligence is not given, it is not, it is closed alone. Term is a super-variable one: it is unambiguous and meaningful, conducting and conducting, neutral and emotional, fallow and not deposited in the context.

Stereotyped words and phrases come to mind for the terminological clearer. In this hour, the stench occupies a special place in the arsenal of lexical implications, but most often it appears in periodic publications of a political and scientific and technical nature. Better terminology includes idiomy, steel virazi and stereotypes of movi, a set of ready-made phrases. For example, in the table, the guidance below shows the transfer of actions from English to Russian language.

The term is not static, but a dynamic yak, whether it’s a single move, so it’s because it’s a matter of rubbing against the move itself. To that, the term "to look at it is not like a dead product, but rather like a creative process" (V. Humboldt). The term is not just an information about us about the light of reality, but about revenge thoughts about it, so that the term is self-reflective. Term theorizing information, setting the ontological model of knowledge. L.M. Alexeva justly respects: "The nature of the term is manifested in its power, but it is the result of a rosy dyyalnosti".

To that, the term is instantaneously Іnformation and intellectual.

Dialectic and super-verbose nature of the term is determined by the process of transferring both substitutional-informational and informational. In the inheritance in the aspect of the substitutive-transformational approach to the transfer of terms, it cannot be adequately transferred due to the preservation of the ontological powers that are attached to it.

Difficult when shifting to wick with the appearance of new terms. The terms set up the best lexical sphere: in the new ones, which are developing in science and technology, they will constantly identify new understandings, who will find new terms for themselves. Terms populate, change, clarify, appear, and vocabularies do not care about the development of terminology.

Іnsha, bolsh vuzke vznachennya term daє N.V. Aristov. Termin is a word that is a bit less emotional, it has a lot of clear meanings, it is especially summed up in the meaning of science or technology. The term is not guilty of viciousness, as there are some third-party associations, which can negatively sink into the wicked one. Transference is to blame for the understanding of the terms unambiguously, but especially important, since the terms of taking from the vocabulary of the common language. Even in Russian terminology, for a given understanding, the term is dumb, the change is guilty of trying to establish it. Navpaki, who is the author of the English original, is given to the descriptive priyome, apparently about the understanding, for which є the Russian term, the conversion of goiters by the stasis of the term.

1. Termini, scho represent themselves as single words, often pretend to be the way of victorious productive ways of word creation. Tom koryno pam'yatati the meaning of the main word-making affixiv English movi, Yaki є productive when prompted by scientific and technical terms.

Sufixi - er, - or get stuck in order to set up men, how to get to know fahivts, machines, mechanics, attach it too.: Estimator-designer, calculator; excavator-earthmoving machine, excavator; bulldozer - bulldozer.

Sufiksi - ist, - ant yak i live in the Russian move for the establishment of men, how to know the fakhivts: chemist - chemist; consultant is a consultant.

Sufiksi - ing - ment loves the processes, if I want to be seen in the names of men, I mean things:

curing-showroom, peeking behind the concrete (in the period of solidification); replacement-replacement, replacement; building-budivlya, budova; embankment - embankment, rowing.

Sufiksi - ion, - ance, - ence, - ship, - hood, - ure, - ness I am the head rank of the abstract understand, dey, I will, appearances: abrasion - erasing, znoshuvannya: maintenance - technical overhaul, precision repair; resilience - springiness, impact viscosity; relationship - relationship, connection; likelihood; perviousness - penetration; flexibility - flexibility, elasticity; electricity - electricity (the majority of English words are important, it ends in - ty to be changed in Russian words, it ends in - axis and - it is). Suddenly, sufixies are not obliged to be related to the names of the designated character. for example; neighborhood - microdistrict, excavation - viroblenya, viyimka - є by specific understandings.

The meaning of the most extended prefixes is given in the most extensive vocabularies. The knowledge of qih is the meaning for the transfer of general information, for that there is a lot of words, prompted for the help of prefixes, not to be written into the vocabulary. The axis of the butt, captures from the text on the mechanization of the alarm device:

"It is better to overplant than to underplant." The value of the prefix over: over-, over-, over-, overworldly; the value of the prefix under: under-, lower - necessary abo the prefix. Zvidsi, I know, that the word "to plant" in this context means "mechanizuvati", we will accept the translation:

"More beautifully mehanizuvati with too much, less than not enough."

The prefix "as" means to get used most often in the scientific and technical literature and in the context of Participle II, meaning that the subject is in that viglyad, or become, as a result of robotics, viconious over I. For example: as-quarried - in that viglyadі, in what (material) come from the quarry, right from the quarry; as-cast - in a cast viglyadі; as-rolled - in rolled viglyadі (without additional processing); as-received - it is too thin in the cut-off viewer.

2. It is not common for a term to be adopted as a way to give a new word (often to lay down to the vocabulary of the current word) of a new meaning, as some of the pre-establishedly appears from the old (for example: lip-lip and flange; finger - finger. This literal sense is not possible, for that, we will remain deprived of the mind from the view of this action wizard, for example:

"Screen analyzes showed that there was deficiency in cobbles."

The word "cobble" cannot be translated into "round timber". It is necessary to talk about sieve analysis of natural large zapovnyuvach and under the word "cobbles" it is necessary to size stones with a diameter of 8 to 15 cm:

"Sitovy analysis has revealed a short fraction of 8-15 cm."

3. Termin in a large number of vipadkiv is a foldable word, but a style of word-production. Term is a folding word, often lexical construction, prompted on the basis of the attributive stasis of the name. As the word was spoken, sometimes when shifting all the elements of the term - a folding word otrimuyut equivalent to the image: wind pressure - vise vіtru; motor sweeper - mechanic mіtla.

In the last weekends of the day there was no lexicon: mountain flour diatomaceous earth, diatom earth; pot hole - wiboina (on the road); sound pressure level meter - shumomir.

Prior to the industrial categories, those folding words are introduced, in some of the elements they added, specific meaning, far from the vocabulary. So, for example, in the term calf-dozer, the word calf doesn’t mean anything to "calves" and doesn’t mean it’s too small for a bulldozer. * In the term "table slate" the word "table" has also ruined its direct meaning and in the Russian equivalent "cover slate" is not known for a new lexical presentation.

4. Oskilki terms - folding words in a large variety of types of two-component warehouse, it is obvious that in the system of vernacular the rules for translating such terms.

a) If the first element means a speech or material, and another element means an object, then the folding term is changed to Russian for the scheme: "prikmetnik - imennik": concrete pile - concrete palya; steel bridge - steel bridge.

b) If the first element is a speech or material, and the other is an object that is poured onto the whole material or a viral one, then the transfer is carried out according to the scheme:

"Mennik in іm. Pad. (2nd element) 4 - іmennik in Рід. Pad. (1st element)": sand classifier-classifier piscu; steam superheater - steam superheater.

However, there is only one shift to work with the results of the applicators: mud mixer - a mixer for clay. For the offense of the element is angry when shifting in one word: concrete mixer concreteomishalka; stone breaker - stone breaker.

The main method is to give positive results (clay mixer, stone shot), which help you to know the most distant shift.

c) If the first element is an object, and the other one is straightened on the object, then shift to the scheme: "imennik in im. pad. (2nd element) - imennik in іd. pad. (1st element ) ": stone breaking - stone crushed; water treatment - water treatment.

d) If the first element is an object, and the other is a diya, which is violated by an object, or for an auxiliary object, then shift to the schemes: "imennik in im. pad. (2nd element) - imennik in r. 1st element) "," imennik in im. Pad. (2nd element) + imennik in creative pad. Abo projected pad. (1st element) ": wave propagation - extended hwil; concrete setting - concrete hardening; water treatment - -Water treatment: membrane water proofing - hydroinsulation behind the additional membrane.

For reasons of constructions of English terms, guided in points c) and d), when shifting, it is necessary to respectfully understand the semantics of both other elements, so that when the elements are in power, they will not be able to heat up. Zm_stovny analiz viznachaє vibir of the scheme of the Russian transfer. In the first two butts, point d) is carried out by the very first elements (concrete is harder, the need to expand) and shift to point c). At the third butt, the diy is carried out for the additional help of the first element (water treatment), which is the first to vibrate the transfer scheme (change point c with the other butt) to purify the water). It is clear that to achieve an adequate translation it is necessary to provide a contextual definition of a term. It remains also the grammatical number of the Russian equivalent of the first element (wave propagation), which in the English language will not deny the grammatical design, only the basis of the name.

e) If the first element is an object, and the other one is power, then the shift is to follow the diagram: "The name of the name of the child (2nd element) is the name of the name of the child (1st element)": concrete strength - concrete mix; sea depths - sea depths. The rest butt can be used for the following meaning: "sea glibini" і "glibini sea". Vibir from a number of three options is based on context.

f) If the first element is a part of another, then the shift is to follow the diagram: "prikmetnik (1st element) - imennik (2nd element)": jaw crusher - shookov shot; ball mill - kulova mlyn.

g) If there is another element є partly first, then shift to scamper for the scheme: "imennik in іmen. pad. (2nd element) - іmennik in іd. pad. (1st element)" "excavator bucket - excavator bucket; piston ring - piston ring.For the rest of the butt, the correct shift is the piston ring, but the recommendation of the shift still gives a positive result, which will lead to the knowledge of the correct version.

h) Some other element of the item e) i b) do not be introduced without prior notice to the first item. I will furnish a slid of vrahovuvati and, if necessary, shift the vibro for the other schemes: tank pressure-vice (gas, ridini) in the tank; cement retarder - for cement. Words, put in bows, are brought up additionally for opening the day of the term (compensation for the second).

Putting butts does not hunt all the possible constructions and methods of transferring and guilty of looking out as the base of the standard before transferring the terms - folding sleeves of a two-component warehouse. * You can change the rules for all the points.

5. Iakshcho in folding words, prompted on the basis of the attributive stasis of the men, some of the components are not framed grammatically, so as not to conceal morphological flexions and to make oneself without the help of service words, then the words are fraudulent for the additional morphological functions and service words. For example: scientific management of labor - scientific organization of work; joint on the bevel - z'єdnannya at vus; joiner "s glue - carpentry glue. : in the term "dead man" - anchor bed, anchor palya, - the first word "dead" and "man" is absolutely absorbed.

In such a rank, on the basis of the definition of the positions in the citation of the definition of the term, we can say, but the term is the style of the word, instead of which it is impossible to get the meaning of the elements, it is given in the words in the words, in the words, in the words virazi, phraseological unity and growth.

When shifting to the Russian language, the term can be given the form of a single word, or it can be a Russian style of words: as the phraseological fund of two children is used, it cannot be lost.

1.3 Signs of the terminological keys and simple words as the basis of the classifications

As meaning earlier, term (including scientific and technical terms and terms of organizing and ordering documentation) is a unit of any specific natural abbreviated word (word, word, abbreviation, symbol, literal Symbols), as a result of spontaneously formed and especially generic collective housekeeping, in special thermological meanings, which can be used either in verbal forms, or in the fact that it is precisely given a complete formalized presentation of and techniques are signs of a common understanding. Term is a word that is related to the singular unit of the common logical and understandable system in the plan of the zmistu.

B.M. Golovin and R.Yu. Kobrin to introduce his concept, on the basis of such a classification of terms. Glibinny signs of terms allow for the emergence of credibility from one of them, and the definition of all terms. We will familiarize myself with the terms and understand them. Oskilki іsnu kіlka types of foreigners to understand, can be found and developed types of terms.

The first for everything is to see the most important understanding of motherhood and attributes, which are called categories (material, space, hour, number, quality, world and іnshі). According to the terms, which denote categories, є type of terms of categories.

Dal, on the dermal stage of development of human knowledge, in the dermal age of the figurine, there is a lot of science and technology to understand how to be victorious in any science (technology) (system, structure, method, technology) (system, structure, method, law in science Before them come to the knowledge of the methodological sciences - philosophy, the theory of systems, cybernetics, informatics and іnshi; deyaka chastin can understand the cih of sciences scientific understanding, v other areas knowledge (for example, information, element).

At the same time, mothers are in need of respect, that they do not like the smell of viciousness in the ranks of the hall of knowledge, but also that the stench of the mysterious minds, like the permissiveness of to zalny vm_stu specific signs. As for the butt, you can bring the advanced scientific terms method, the intermediate scientific term, the analytical method, and the concrete scientific terms, the mathematical method, the Monte Carlo method in physics, chemistry, astronomy, biology, sociology, foreign theory of systems, as well as in science and informatics).

Nareshty, in the skin area, knowledge and efficiency є specific understanding of the common language: from the largest - classes (canopies) to the least - types, and also to understand how to visualize aspects of the view. There are two types of understanding called species and aspect; in the form of a supplement, there may be given an understanding of geology: subdelta (a species of an understanding of a delta, geochemistry of naphtha, reserves of naphtha (an aspect of an understanding).

All pererakhovani vishche tipi understand to know their own way of involvement in the types of terms. You can see terms of categories, scientific and technical terms, mizhgaluzev terms, special terms.

Seemingly, typology is the basis of the classification. In the general sense, the typology of terms is described here - the term membership according to the most important signs - is a very thermological classification of terms. Before all the advancing classifications to serve the development of the signs of terms - change, formal, functional, all the middle - and position. All of the classifications can be linked to these sciences and areas of knowledge, in which the stench is vicious.

The first classification of terms behind the wickedness, vicariously important in philosophy, є came to terms with caution and theoretical terms. Behind the terms of caution, there are classes of real objects, and behind the theoretical terms there is an abstract understanding, who can lie behind the singing theory, concept. Such a power is sufficient for the examination of the terminological problems of philosophy (philosophy of science), for the understanding of the philosophical problems of the term of terminology

So, in the systematics of things, there are taxons so-called taxonomic categories (non-specific objects) - vidi, pidrodini, class. It is important that the hierarchy can also be known from the formal structures of terms. Zokrema, in the same system of K. Linney, the naming of taxons (terms of caution) include naming taxonomic categories: Betula pubescens - birch pukhnasta.

Another classification of terms for the zmist - according to the object of the name - is distributed among the areas of knowledge, either for efficiency, or, for some reason, for special areas. The overflow of the spheres of spheres can be used in such a way as: science, technology, technology; economical basis; nadbudova. Based on the sociological schemes, you can formulate the list of headings that can be included in the classification of terms by area of knowledge.

The sphere of science has a group of scientific terms. Vona fall, seemingly zagalom, on the style of the class, the style of science on the singing stage scientific and technical progress; and in the skin class of physical, chemical and other terms, there are styles of groups (thermal systems), as well as a description of physical, chemical and general laws. However, there is a sense of the so-called scientific-technical and suspension-political terminology, then, the first for everything, political science (the theory of state and law, international news and functions), for one terms vklyuchayutsya in bezl_ch community terms.

Dal, all the terms mean the scientific understanding in the same world, which is the so-called scientific and technical terms; The difference is less in the fact that the first to understand the understanding of the suspilny sciences, and others - the understanding of the natural and technical sciences. To that, if prudent to the point of accuracy, then talk about the terms of the huge, natural and technical sciences and about the technical terms and terminologies, and not about the scientific-technical and suspension-political terminology. On the other hand, the terms of the scientific sciences may contain a number of specific signs, which oppose the terms of the natural and technical sciences.

tse:

1) the existence of the terms of the suspicious sciences in the form of the theory, the singing system and the glances is straightforward, clearly reversed. With the closest look at the terms of natural and technical sciences, it is also possible to lie down as a theory, like, in its own heart, to start with a glance (for example, parallelism in geometry, mass in physics), but a bit of fallowness can be obscured. The terms of social sciences won’t be included in the їх zmіstovna structure;

2) the realization of the sign of systematicity is clear. The order of the strings of the thermal system, which represents the ends of the theory (political economy, the philosophical system of Hegel), and such areas of knowledge, for those who are not prompted to understand the systems and to understand the thermal systems (for example, describe dance, fashion) and

3) the manifestation of the terms with the spaced boundaries, they want to understand, for example, terms, which mean the insight of the social character (specialty, ideal);

4) a wider development of synonymy and richness, less in thermal systems of natural and technical sciences (mova - meaningful term);

5) the inclusion of the assessment factor in the semantics of terms (compare terms to the type of renegade, chervony, bili, as well as green "party of greens").

In the sphere of technology and technology, technical terms function. Tse odinitsі movi, scho poznachayut machines, mechanisms, tools, operations. Technical terms are derived from scientific terms, the first for all the lesser amount of fallowness is from the concept of vikoristovyuyu people, who want such a fallowness and sense. At our hour, technical terms do not penetrate very easily and in the power of science.

In the sphere of economics based on virobnichnye, from one side, I will describe the terms of moving (in political economics, specifically economics) and, from the other side, terms of moving and servicing economics. The lexicological units of service are to serve as the same terms, as introduced in the zagalnoy (corian) areas of living rooms, as they are called indicators.

Indicators - the price of the sign, which is characterized by the given data. The name of the indicator has terms, which mean:

a) be characterized (vim_ruvaniy) by the object of economy (products, scho pratsuyut);

b) I will become, the power of the cich objects and the processes, as they occur (the manifestation of the number (work), the quality (production));

c) a formal method (algorithm) for calculating an indicator, for example, obsyag (implementation of products).

Within the framework of oversight, the administrative - political sphere is seen (which includes defense, justice, social and cultural sphere (health protection, science, culture, education and inspiration).

In the administrative and political spheres, there are sprouts, the terms of moving and management, including the terms of business, moving diplomacy, and foreign language. True, a part of Vyskovy terms is closer to technical ones, іnsha - to economical ones, the third - to scientific terms. Vіyskovі terms - a typical butt of terms in the stick area. On their applications, you can show how between the terms, how to see the area of knowledge, finish the clean. So, a lot of terms in technical sciences can instantly become technical terms (rolling, drawing, annealing, etc.), and a lot of terms in document science can be used in the terminology of business (act, archives). Protest, the classification of terms according to the object of naming is superbly important: it depicts the level of science and development of the suspension structure on the singing stage.

Prior to the social and cultural spheres of the term of the suspension sciences (politics, sociology, ethnography), the so-called suspension-political vocabulary is referred to. Suvore development of terms (community sciences) and suspense-political vocabulary is important, in order to encourage information.

Classification of terms according to the object of naming all the middle areas of knowledge є the most reportable classification of terms.

The third classification of terms is according to the logical category of that understanding, as it is known as a term. The terms of objects (ssavtsi), processes (multiplication, dalovodstvo, compression) are seen; sign, power (cold brittleness), values і їх odinits (force of strumu, ampere).

Linguistic classifications of terms are based on the signs of terms such as words or words of singing mov.

Classification behind the zmist (semantic) structure, allowing the view of unambiguous terms (shunt, nut, chromosome) and multiple-valued terms, that is, as there are two or more values within the framework of the same court - the 1st system.

2. the court is registered;

3. I wake up to the court). From the point of view of semantics, terms are seen - vilny words (muffle sound, proof from the moment of living) and style (including phraseological) words (all-round heavy).

Classification of terms according to formal structures є even as shot. First for everything, I see terms-words. Smell, in its own way, add up to korenev (water), old (privyd, dilnik, re-grading), folding (suspension, biosphere), folding (capital investment), as well as the words of an unknown structure - telescopic - in magneto on the other side of the sound, lantsyugovi osity (synthesis gas, 2,5-dimethyl-5-ethyl-3-isopropylheptane, ridge - ridge - ridge system).

Dal, see the term-words. Find wider structures here є the admission of the men with the prikmetnik, the men with the men in the indirect view (the steps of freedom), the men with the men yak dodatok (the minder-minder). Є There are also many different terms, some are stored for more than 5 slots (the filter potential of mimic polarization in the Upper Slope is the GOST term).

The characteristic features of the formal structures of terms are the increase in one-word terms (cinema - from a cinema or a cinema) and fast (abbreviation) of high-quality terms. Spostering without any kind of abbreviations: lіternі (K.P.D.), Sound (ZhEK), warehouses (miskkom), word-like (Sigran - a kind of synthetic granite), start to get used to the word (GAZ zavod: Gorkovsky zavod) In addition, reading the abbreviations in words (MHD generator is a magnetohydrodynamic generator).

Gradually there are terms of specific formal structure for registration of items of piece mov; symbol-words (x-part), model-words (i-beam, tobto dvotavrova beam behind the letter I). Classification based on motivation / non-motivation showing, well, terms, meaning which may or may not be explained by their structure. Here, terms are developed, more motivated (gas pipeline), partly motivated (Parkinson's ailment), more unmotivated (diamond), as well as false motivation (thunderbolt).

Falsely from the movi-dzherela, the terms are free (sensor), suspected (display - shal, cross-cut - nim.), Hybrid (metal knowledge, anti-icing).

From the point of view of belonging of terms to parts of moving, developing terms-names, prikmetniki, words, heirs. For example, middle linguistic terms є menniki (outpost, view), prikmetniki (unmotivated, parasynthetic, creative). Among the terms of music knowledge, there are terms-heirs (piano, pianisimo). Pidrakhunks show, scho terms - the name of the object in the percentage of wages more, lower term - the name of the sign. This meaningful sign in terms is often presented in a specific view.

Classification of terms according to the authorship of an imaginary sociological message to terms. In general, collective and individual terms. So, the term helicopter was created by Leonardo da Vinch, and the term was created by N.M. Karamzin, term sociology - O. Kont.

For the sphere of victoriousness, there are universes (for various disputed regions), unique (for one region) and conceptual and author's terms; for example, linguistic terms can mean phenomena that are characteristic of all mov (phonetics), for one or one decile mov (Ergative) or only for one step (glossmatics - L. Elmolev's term).

Peculiarities of re-translation of newspaper articles. Theoretical aspects of the view of the peculiarities of the translation of simple words and terminology on the basis of scientific texts and dissertational robots Particularities of the implementation of the text in the film course

It's easy to add your good robot to the knowledge base. Vicorize the form

Entry

When shifting, madly, it is necessary to expand the referent of the term, or abstract. Abstraction is tied from zazagalnyam, from the bottom to the top. The destruction of the given process until the sound of the referent і, like inherited ones, reclaiming pardons on the basis of the concept.

In such a rank, the transfer of a scientific text cannot be made to the point of a joke without the straightforward terminological explanations. Mi viznachaєmo yak is a folding process of thinking, so that the transmission of messages of scientific concepts is polarized.

Chapter 1. Theoretical aspects of the view of the peculiarities of the translation of simple words and terminology on the basis of scientific texts and dissertational robots

1.1 Characteristics of scientific and technical movi

The meaningless value of the understanding of the scientific and technical translation, the translation of the scientific and technical text.

And, obviously, it’s impossible to miss the idea of ​​not changing over, some of them should come across such a new category, for some non-indications in the sense of However, the appearance of indications is, of course, a common occurrence.

The special features of the scientific and technical text of V.N. Komisariv. Vin vkazu, the school of science and technology literature is characterized by offensive features:

7. Zastosuvannya quickly and intelligently. Qia and offensive characteristic є a lot of pragmatism to strength and clarity.

8. Stagnation of special virases and lexicographic constructions (eg: centers, and / or, on / off, etc.).

It is necessary to critique the meaning of the word "High strength to size"

"The high value of performance before development and partiality is the main criteria for evaluating materials."

The vision of the word will compensate for the loss of information, so that it can be found in the originals, which would become used with the correct translation.

Only ignorance of the subject can be shifted to the preserving order of the original when shifting the offensive line:

"In this case one curve passes through each point of the plane."

"In a cytovipadku one curve to pass through the dermal point of the area."

Walk, but one curve curved the entire area, fragments of it pass through all points. For the sake of truth in the originals, there is about the family of curves, "it is only necessary to overbudov the order of words and the correct shift:

"One curve passes through the dermal point of the area."

1.2 The background of the understanding of terminological clues and simple words in the theory of translation

The development of scientific intelligence of terms and features is not only a part of the advancement of the science of reloading. Lexicology is also a problem to deal with.

To that, the term is instantaneously Іnformation and intellectual.

1. Termini, scho represent themselves as single words, often pretend to be the way of victorious productive ways of word creation. Tom koryno pam'yatati the meaning of the main word-making affixiv English movi, Yaki є productive when prompted by scientific and technical terms.

Sufixi - er, - or get stuck in order to set up men, how to get to know fahivts, machines, mechanics, attach it too.: Estimator-designer, calculator; excavator-earthmoving machine, excavator; bulldozer - bulldozer.

Sufiksi - ist, - ant yak i live in the Russian move for the establishment of men, how to know the fakhivts: chemist - chemist; consultant is a consultant.

Sufiksi - ing - ment loves the processes, if I want to be seen in the names of men, I mean things:

curing-showroom, peeking behind the concrete (in the period of solidification); replacement-replacement, replacement; building-budivlya, budova; embankment - embankment, rowing.

"It is better to overplant than to underplant." The value of the prefix over: over-, over-, over-, overworldly; the value of the prefix under: under-, lower - necessary abo the prefix. Zvidsi, I know, that the word "to plant" in this context means "mechanizuvati", we will accept the translation:

"More beautifully mehanizuvati with too much, less than not enough."

"Screen analyzes showed that there was deficiency in cobbles."

The word "cobble" cannot be translated into "round timber". It is necessary to talk about sieve analysis of natural large zapovnyuvach and under the word "cobbles" it is necessary to size stones with a diameter of 8 to 15 cm:

"Sitovy analysis has revealed a short fraction of 8-15 cm."

In the last weekends of the day there was no lexicon: mountain flour diatomaceous earth, diatom earth; pot hole - wiboina (on the road); sound pressure level meter - shumomir.

4. Oskilki terms - folding words in a large variety of types of two-component warehouse, it is obvious that in the system of vernacular the rules for translating such terms.

a) If the first element means a speech or material, and another element means an object, then the folding term is changed to Russian for the scheme: "prikmetnik - imennik": concrete pile - concrete palya; steel bridge - steel bridge.

b) If the first element is a speech or material, and the other is an object that is poured onto the whole material or a viral one, then the transfer is carried out according to the scheme:

"Mennik in іm. Pad. (2nd element) 4 - іmennik in Рід. Pad. (1st element)": sand classifier-classifier piscu; steam superheater - steam superheater.

However, there is only one shift to work with the results of the applicators: mud mixer - a mixer for clay. For the offense of the element is angry when shifting in one word: concrete mixer concreteomishalka; stone breaker - stone breaker.

The main method is to give positive results (clay mixer, stone shot), which help you to know the most distant shift.

c) If the first element is an object, and the other one is straightened on the object, then shift to the scheme: "imennik in im. pad. (2nd element) - imennik in іd. pad. (1st element ) ": stone breaking - stone crushed; water treatment - water treatment.

f) If the first element is a part of another, then the shift is to follow the diagram: "prikmetnik (1st element) - imennik (2nd element)": jaw crusher - shookov shot; ball mill - kulova mlyn.

Putting butts does not hunt all the possible constructions and methods of transferring and guilty of looking out as the base of the standard before transferring the terms - folding sleeves of a two-component warehouse. * You can change the rules for all the points.

When shifting to the Russian language, the term can be given the form of a single word, or it can be a Russian style of words: as the phraseological fund of two children is used, it cannot be lost.

1.3 Signs of the terminological keys and simple words as the basis of the classifications

The first for everything is to see the most important understanding of motherhood and attributes, which are called categories (material, space, hour, number, quality, world and іnshі). According to the terms, which denote categories, є type of terms of categories.

All pererakhovani vishche tipi understand to know their own way of involvement in the types of terms. You can see terms of categories, scientific and technical terms, mizhgaluzev terms, special terms.

tse:

3) the manifestation of the terms with the spaced boundaries, they want to understand, for example, terms, which mean the insight of the social character (specialty, ideal);

4) a wider development of synonymy and richness, less in thermal systems of natural and technical sciences (mova - meaningful term);

5) the inclusion of the assessment factor in the semantics of terms (compare terms to the type of renegade, chervony, bili, as well as green "party of greens").

Indicators - the price of the sign, which is characterized by the given data. The name of the indicator has terms, which mean:

a) be characterized (vim_ruvaniy) by the object of economy (products, scho pratsuyut);

b) I will become, the power of the cich objects and the processes, as they occur (the manifestation of the number (work), the quality (production));

c) a formal method (algorithm) for calculating an indicator, for example, obsyag (implementation of products).

Within the framework of oversight, the administrative - political sphere is seen (which includes defense, justice, social and cultural sphere (health protection, science, culture, education and inspiration).

Classification of terms according to the object of naming all the middle areas of knowledge є the most reportable classification of terms.

Linguistic classifications of terms are based on the signs of terms such as words or words of singing mov.

Classification behind the zmist (semantic) structure, allowing the view of unambiguous terms (shunt, nut, chromosome) and multiple-valued terms, that is, as there are two or more values ​​within the framework of the same court - the 1st system.

2. the court is registered;

3. I wake up to the court). From the point of view of semantics, terms are seen - vilny words (muffle sound, proof from the moment of living) and style (including phraseological) words (all-round heavy).

Falsely from the movi-dzherela, the terms are free (sensor), suspected (display - shal, cross-cut - nim.), Hybrid (metal knowledge, anti-icing).

Classification of terms according to the authorship of an imaginary sociological message to terms. In general, collective and individual terms. So, the term helicopter was created by Leonardo da Vinch, and the term was created by N.M. Karamzin, term sociology - O. Kont.

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And, obviously, it’s impossible to miss the idea of not changing over, some of them should come across such a new category, for some non-indications in the sense of However, the appearance of indications is, of course, a common occurrence.

Classification behind the zmist (semantic) structure, allowing the view of unambiguous terms (shunt, nut, chromosome) and multiple-valued terms, that is, as there are two or more values within the framework of the same court - the 1st system.