Lyudin's yak flows into the biosphere. Biosphere and scientific and technical progress

With the appearance and insight, the people of the evolutionary processes of the biosphere became aware of the sutta of the serpent. At the dawn of your life, appear Lyudin by pushing overwhelmingly local action on the navkolishn middle. The price swirled, forward, at the satisfaction of the minimum needs in the life and life. When the number of industrial creatures changed, the ancient mischiefs passed from love to the іnshі mission. Old-time farmers and cattle, as the soil was shrinking or the feed became less, conquered new lands. The number of the population of the planet is small at a time. Practically I will increase the pace of the day. It is insignificant how many are established in that hour of coming and how difficult it is as a result of the strength of the people who are not safe. Everything could have been disposed of for the destructive function of living speech.

The growth of the planet's population, the successful development of creation, farming and scientific and technical progress have begun to develop further development of the people.

More than 7 billion people live on the Earth, the number will grow to 10 billion by 2030, and up to 12.5 billion people by 2050. The provision of food and energy resources to the population of the Earth is also a huge problem. Today in the land, there is a lack of food supply, about 70% of the world's population lives. Catastrophically fast speeding up of natural resources. For example, according to the forecasts of the people in charge, people will spend the nearest 200 rocks to stain all stocks of metals.

Gospodarska dіyalnіst people happy stage all the more often demonstrating the negative, put it on the biosphere. To them to be admitted: dovkilla, visnazhennya natural resources, Deserted lands, soil erosion. So it will ruin the natural spirit of breeding, vybayut fox, learn about the kind of roslin and tvarin.

Zabrudneniya navkolishny middle

Zabrudneniya navkolishny middle- hopeful in the midst of new, non-powerful for her solid, wild and gas-like speech, or the transmutation of the natural rivin in the navkolishny middle, yak nada negative inflow to the biosphere.

Obstruction of the atmosphere

Purely necessary for the life of all living organisms. In Bagatioh regions, the problem of preserving their purity is borne out to the state's priorities. The main reason Obrudnennya atmosphere polyagaє in spalyuvannі organic fire. It’s crazy, you must have played a role in securing the energy of all the economy’s halls earlier. On this day, the planet's height is no longer in the midst of an increase in the growth of the products of the wild and hard burns.

Oxide in carbon (CO і CO 2), which comes into the atmosphere as a result of burning fire, є greenhouse effect... Oxide sirki (SO 2 і SO 3), which is established as a result of burning fire, how to take revenge on the sirku, exchange in the atmosphere with water vapor. Kintsevoy products of such a reaction is the distillation of sіrchanoi (H 2 SO 3) and sіrchanoi (H 2 SO 4) acids. Give acid and fall on the surface of the earth with litter, wick acidify the soil, and cause people to get sick. A wide world of acidic fallout is guarding the ecosystems, especially conifers. They see chlorophyll ruined, uncooked saw grains, dried and fallen needles.

Oxide nitrogen (NO and NO 2), undergoing ultraviolet changes, take part in the form in the atmosphere of free radicals. Oxide and nitrogen should be produced before development in humans and creatures in a number of pathological conditions. Dani gazy, for example, puff the dickheads, waggle a lot of legends and ін.

Chlorine spolucs make a significant contribution to the destruction of the planet's ozone ball. For example, one strong chlorine radical can be reduced to 100 yew. Ozone molecules, which is the cause of ozone dir in the atmosphere.

reasons radioactive communication atmosphere є avarії at nuclear power plants (for example, at the Chornobil nuclear power plant in 1986). Introducing the process also introducing viprobing nuclear energyі incorrect utilization of inputs from atomic energy. We have drunk radioactive particles into the atmosphere to grow in great places, zabrudnyuchi ґrunt, fortunately, with water.

Yak dzherelo zabrudnennya atmosphere slid zgadati and transport. Vyhlopny gas and movement of internal combustion to compensate for the range of problems. Among them are oxides in carbon and nitrogen, soot, as well as important metals and halves, which may be carcinogenic.

obstruction of the hydrosphere

Pleasant water deficit is global ecological problem... The order of vitriol and non-stagnant water of the wiklik

The main reason for the obstruction of the water center is a straight skid at the water ecosystems in the industrial and communal waste waters. In this context, there is a biological problem (for example, ailing bacteria) in the middle of the water. If you skip pidіgrіtі stichnі vodi, Vidbuvatsya physical (heat) obstruction of the hydrosphere. Such skid reduce the amount of sourness in the water, increase the toxicity of houses and often cause death (bending of water organisms).

Obstruction to the ground

Visnazhennya natural resources

Natural resources- help people to live, as they do not go into existence, but be in nature. The main problem is bitchy turn- the quickening of the number of extravagant and the loss of the quality of the unacceptable natural resources. Especially worthy twarinі Russian resources... Ruynuvannya of the middle of the world, obstruction of the navkolishnya of the middle, overworldly vicariousness of natural resources, poaching of the suttau to speed up the species of development of roslin and tvarin.

For an hour, people have lost nearly 70% of the foxes. This was the reason for the vymirannya species of dews, which lingered in the grassy and shrub tiers. The stench did not snake in the minds of a direct sleepy vipprominuvannya. As a result of the virus change tvarinny svit... You see the creatures, that there are little tones with the village tiers, or they got to know, or they were playing in the middle of the mission.

To get involved, since 1600 r as a result of the activity of people from the face of the Earth, 250 species of food and 1000 species of roses have grown. Under the threat of poverty in an hour there are close to 1000 species of creatures and 25,000 species of roslin.

Creations and growing resources are built until permanently renewed. As soon as the speed of the victories does not outweigh the pace of natural renewal, the resources can be renewed even more. However, the speed of the update. Populations of creatures can renew their numbers for a few rockies. Lisy will go for a few dozen rocky. And the soil, which has lost its pompousness, is renewed even more often - by stretching out a thousand years.

Another important resource problem of the planet nice water... Yak vіdomo, the foreign reserves of water on the planet are not available. However, almost 3% of the entire hydrosphere falls on a piece of fresh waters. Moreover, only 1% of good water is added for a bezposrednogo implantation of people without prior cleansing. Approximately 1 billion people on Earth have no permanent access to good food. To that, people are guilty of looking at the water as a natural resource. The problem of good water and skin rock is getting hotter in the connection with the swelling of rivers and lakes as a result of meliorative visits. Growing vitrata vodi for consumption Silskoy governmentі industry, water and wandering around with virobny and by-boat entrances.

Marriage is good and good for the health of people. Seemingly, most of the insecure infections (cholera, dysentery, etc.)

deserted

deserted- Sukupn_st of processes, which produce to the end of the natural cultivation of the succinct roselin cover because of the unwillingness of its renewal without the participation of people. The reasons for the desertion are mainly anthropogenic factors. Tse virubka lisiv, not rational use of koristuvannya water resources at the cultivated land and in. For example, the overwhelming virubka of the village's height is the cause of spontaneous hardships - selv, zsuviv, snow avalanches. Bringing to emptying can and overwhelmingly nurturing on the pastoral at an increase in the scale of creation. Roslinny curled up, they look like creatures, do not stand up to see them, і
the soil is suitable for different types of erosion.

Eroziya ґruntu - the ruining of the roaming ball ґruntu from the day to the wind and the water.

The erosion of soil is seen through the mass inclusion of all new and new lands by people in the active land management.

This deserted world is typical for areas with arid climates (sheaths, for example) - the lands of Africa and Asia (especially China).

Today the problem is given to be international in nature. The UN was adopted by the International Convention on the Fight against Desertification, which was signed by 200 powers.

The main inheritance of the state's dyyalnosti people became obrudneniya navkolishnogo middle ground, growing natural resources and deserted lands. The zapobіgannya of the tooth inflow of anthropogenic official on the biosphere is an important problem of the world, in which the brother is guilty of the fate of the skin dweller of the Earth.

The ear of people goes to the biosphere until the Neolithic. At the early stages of the history of the people, the tsi of the bully were insignificant, but the growths began to grow in the foul stench. Having turned on tse uvagu, V.I. Vernadsky naming that part of the biosphere, which is especially strongly associated with the spirit of the people, the noosphere. The especially progressive nature of the inflows into the biosphere is meant to new hour If the activity of the people in the biosphere began to fail in a straight line (Fig. 126).

Small. 126. Historical development of the population of the light

One of the straightforward activities of people in the biosphere is energy efficiency. Vono take care of additional services and victories of energos. Zokrem, from the middle of the XIX century. after a while burhlivy with vugilla, and more and more naphtha. However, when the energy sources are spilled, there is a lack of communication, which is widely distributed in the biosphere, overflowing the cordon of the country and continent. For example, almost 200 million tons of carbon dioxide in coal, 146 million tons of sulfur dioxide, 53 million tons of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere will drop into the atmosphere as a result of the burning of rare and hard firing at power plants, thermal power plants. At the same hour in the atmosphere, the amount of acid is changing, a piece of carbon dioxide is changing. Pidrakhovano, over the last 100 years, the concentration in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has grown by 12%. As a result of the energy consumption, a number of ash particles are also immensely consumed in the atmosphere, which reveals carcinogenic speech (pyren, handrails, etc.). Already up to 2000 rock at 50% of the energy

viroblen on AEC. Come in to the power station, so also to dampen the atmosphere.

Let's step straight є production of industrial materials, It’s not only for the supervisors of the wrong stocks of mineral speeches and water, including food, but for the statements of the majestic numbers of children. For example, there are a lot of industrial inputs, including chemical ones, in the United States already in the 60s. XX century became close to 18x108 tons. In success deceived lands Every day, in a pererakhunka for one person, we can see 2.5 kg of home, wake-up, high-street and high-school smittya. In the middle of the day, one ludin vkidaє in the middle of a dozen cans and dances, 10 kg of paper.

In general, in the provinces, there is a chemistry laboratory base and chemistry industry, close to 25,000 new chemistry spoluks are synthesized, out of which there are only 500 of them on the market for victorious work in the Silskoy government, industrial and medical fields.

Tsey gigantic synthesis is supervised by wikid in the middle of the products of chemistry at the majestic quantities. virobusiness new materials supervise also the filthy atmosphere. For example, a cement saw to avenge calcium and magnesium oxides. There is a great increase in the number of aerosols, cleaning and damping, as well as chemical spoluks, which provide materials for waterproofness and power. Їх vikorystannya veda to obrudnennya dovkіlla.

DDT was first synthesized in 1874, but since 1930 it has been replaced by a pesticide and a preparation of anti-malar mosquitoes. However, already in the 60s. XX Art. Bulo is indicated that it caused a decrease in the number of birds in Europe, and in the 70s. XX Art. the bulo is set up, so the wine is "feminizing" in the tvarin. In the morning, as a result of the flow of spoluces in aligators, changes in the size of the copulatory organ, and in the flow of metabolism into the population of supernatants, decreases in the concentration of spermatozoa in the cryptorum. In more detail, the study of mechanisms of DDT and other kind of chemistry spoluks, how to get in the middle of the day, showed that in the organisms of spoluces and products they fall, being dissimilar in chemistry structure

on natural estrogens, everything is like estrogens or blockers of androgens. In addition, there are no structural changes in genes, the stink of changes in the expression of genes.

DES (dietilstilbestrol), which was synthesized in 1938, was a trivial hour of vicarious work in order to stimulate the growth of a great horny thinness, and in medical practice - to ameliorate vicids. However, in the 70s, pp. In the last century, it was established that in girls, women who have taken the drug, vaginal cancer develops. In addition, DES is volodya estrogenic activity, to supervise the unfriendly inheritance for people.

In addition to the named chemical spoluks, seemingly the synthetic spoluks, which are not safe only for the sake of the stench to obscure the midst of the colony, and I am pouring on people and food with my own mechanism. Being dissimilar in the chemical structure to hormones, the smell does not reduce the signaling of the natural hormones. As a result of this, such chemical spoluces-brute-forcing were called the middle hormones. Figuratively, the toxicity of the deyakykh chimіchnyh zabrudnyuvachіv navkolishny middle is the result of the "natural" signal sent by the "unnatural" molecule.

On a special note of merit, the study of food about chemistry spoluks, as vikoristovaetsya in the quality of food additives, oskilka in the rest of the rock among the bagatokh, there was a statement about those, that the consumption of food additives is one of the minds of the mass production of food products.

Kharchov additives are classified for the group:

1. Barvniki. Quite a few cheeses are used for polishing the marketable type of meat, vegetables and fruits.

2. Preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers and emulsifiers. The food for the safekeeping of the storage of the food for a trivial hour with the growing minds of the food. They are used to process the products of both food and strawberries.

3. Podsiluvachi relish and aroma. Chemistry spoluks are widely widened in virobniztvі products such as food and rose linen.

4. Act_flaming. Additives є chemical spoluks, so that you can change the recipe when bottling juices,

as well as zezhuvannya zukru, salt, boroshna and other effervescent products. If you want the biological efficiency of bagatokh additives unavoidable, protein products with food additives cannot be ecologically clean.

Nareshty, chemical synthesis is supervised by an uncontrolled wikid in the midst of byproducts of chemistry in great crops, part of which are mutagenic (carcinogenic) powers. Deyakі chіmіchnі spoluky in the wicked minds are not dumb. However, having consumed it in an organism, it is hydrolyzed there and transformed into a mutagen.

By the traditional direct activity of people in the biosphere є virobnitstvo їzhі. With a stretch of the first thousand years of their history, Lyudin Bula was a hijack and grassy, ​​and the earth in cob period farming could run out of less than 10 million people. In the Danish hour in the world there is such a small number of bottles, which is enough to satisfy the needs of the population by half. Timing an hour, according to the UN, the population of the Earth in 2000 piled 6 billion people, and in 10 years to transfer 7 billion. However, the virobability of the people is also supervised to use unfriendly inheritances for the navkolishnogo middle ground.

One of the traditional direct paths at the virobniztvі їzhі polyaga in the development of new lands, scarring the lisu. Already at a time, orni lands occupy 1.3 billion hectares (10% of the Earth's surface). However, rozoryuvannya soil veda to її erozії. To reach high vrazhayv vdajutsya to ryashennya і chemіchny goodbye, which in svіtі usually bring about 60 billion tons into the soil. For the sake of roslin from the Silskoy State, a widespread use of pesticides, herbicides and defoliation, which is carried out at a rate of about 2 million tons at a time, is widely used. ci cheery speeches get in the middle. For canning and polishing of commodity products, food can also be used for food, which can be used in the body of people. Until the end of the day, the state's dignity of people in nature is dependent on the huge number of species of animals and roslin. For example, in the period from 1600 to 1974 there were 63 types and 55 subdivisions of the Earth. Trivially ruinuvannya m_sts' mingling of creatures opened up a threat for 449 species of ridge. Private

There are 121 species of birds, 53 species of birds, 19 species of ribs, 47 species of reptiles.

Such a straightforwardness of people, yak transportation of people, industrial and raw materials, also supervise with gigantic changes in the biosphere. For example, an airliner for an hour on a flight Moscow-New York vitrachaє will cost 50 tons of sour. The transportation of old raw materials is often supervised by waste, absorbing the earth and water. For example, in the rest of the rock, about 0.2% of the transported naphtha was thrown into the seas and oceans.

A lot of people’s work led to dramatic changes in the biosphere, to ruinous changes in ecological systems, which created new physical, chemical and biological refinement for people. The dialectics of the re-creative activity of the people of the field in the fact that they are new factors and the biological peculiarities of people and the result of them as a result of the re-creative activity of the factors of the middle, which are many for such healthy

The threat to the people was even worse due to the prospect of nuclear war. Yak were respected by the experts of the All-Holy Federation of Sciences, as soon as the vibuhi dvoh nuclear bombs pulling close 5-10 yew. Mt, then only as a result of a shock injury, 750 million people will die at once, and as a result of a mental shock injury, light penetration and penetrating radioactivity, there will be an additional 1.1 billion ... In such a rank, 30-50% of the population of the world will become bezposrednim victims of war.

However, in the event of a nuclear conflict, there may be some biological inheritances, and not less serious, not without a second. Drank and soot, how to settle in as a result of vibuha, shed and grow sleepy light, lower the temperature. Above Pivnichnaya beer, the intensity of light can drop up to 1% norms, and the temperature can drop to -40? C. The dose of radioactivity on the area, which becomes 30% of the land, moves up to 500 rad. Near the onset of the middle latitude Pivnіchno Pіvkulі radioactive fall off the final dose of optimization,

I am 100 glad. Radioactive speech will be recorded in thyroid glands, cysts, intestinal tract, in young mothers. When the saw is suspended, the ball is regularly sprayed with ozone with nitrogen oxide, which can be set up with a nuclear vibration. The Pivdenniy Pivkul has a minimum level of lighting in the warehouse of 10% norms, the temperature of the Earth's surface is up to -18? With, and ultraviolet viprominuvannya will be looking for the norm for tens of hundreds of thousands of pieces of rock. The darkening process before photosynthesis is applied, the abundant growth of the growing line through the lack of light, which is viciously damaged in the lancers of the harvest. The lower temperature is perniciously seen on grain crops, more, for example, a sow of wheat should be left at -5 ° C, and rice and sorghum will not be successful today at +15? C. Kukurudza is sensitive to temperatures below 10 ° C.

Although 30% of the land area in the middle latitudes takes a dose of penetrating radioactivity not less than 500 glad, then at a tooth dose for people of 350-500 radium for 48 years, the mortality rate of the warehouse is close to 1 billion people. Oscillations of soot and drank will gobble up UV-viprominuvannya, the process of producing up to the immunity of the immune system, the eyes and cataracts, were lost in the living.

The inflow of low temperatures, pozh, radioactivity, strong winds will be superseded by the distribution of ecosystems, by the proliferation of schools. Creatures to hide from hunger, frost and water. As a result of the migration of food, there will be an enlarged ailment. In the end bag, there is a stack of toxic speeches and a board of radioactive speeches brought up to the bend of food. Tropic foils are especially sensitive, the bush of tropics and subtropics do not disturb the mechanism of calm, which is allowed by the vitrimuvatie temperature to bring about zero.

Read about inheritance nuclear warє a straining factor for the activation of the anti-war rovers.