Carbon dioxide is seen in the atmosphere. Warehouse i budova atmosphere

Earth Warehouse. fortnightly

Povitrya - the whole mechanical sum of the green gases, the warehouse atmosphere of the Earth. It’s necessary to do it living organisms, Know the wider stasis in the industry.

Those who, fortunately, are themselves a madness, and not a one-sided substance, were brought up in the course of the experiments of the Scottish drunkard Joseph Black. In the course of one of them, the teachings revealed that when heated with magnesium carbonate (magnesium carbonate), one would see "tied up", so that the gas carbonated, and the magnesium oxide (magnesium oxide) would be burned. When vipalyuvannі vapnyaku, navpaki, vіdbuvaєtsya vіdbuvanja "tied up". On the basis of chih experiments of teachings, the formation of a plant, there is a view of the presence of carbon dioxide and wet meadows in the fact that before the storage of the first to enter the carbon dioxide gas, which is one of the warehouse parts good luck. This is the year we know, what is the carbon dioxide, to the warehouse earthly twist enter:

The value in the table for the ratio of gases in the earth's atmosphere is typical for the lower spheres, up to a height of 120 km. In these areas, there is a good mix, there is one area behind the warehouse, called the homosphere. The food of the homosphere is to lie in the heterosphere, which is characterized by the decomposition of gas molecules into atoms and ions. The area is one from one turbopause.

A chemical reaction, when a sleepy and cosmic vypromynuvannya is injected into the atmosphere, the decomposition of molecules into atoms is called photodissociation. When there is a drop in molecular sourness, atomic sourness is assumed to be the main gas of the atmosphere at altitudes of 200 km. At a height of 1200 km, you can repair water and helium, as well as the best with lungs from gas.

Oskіlki the main mass of food is stored in 3 lower atmospheric spheres, the change in the warehouse of food at the height of 100 km does not let the waste flow into the outside warehouse of the atmosphere.

Nitrogen is the most widespread gas, on a part of which there are more than three hours of the earthquake. Free nitrogen is established in the oxidized early ammonia-water atmosphere with molecular acidity, which is established in the process of photosynthesis. In this hour, a small amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere comes as a result of denitrification - the process of updating nitrates to nitrites, with the further approval of gas-like oxides and molecular nitrogen, which is carried out by anaerobic prokaryotes. Part of the nitrogen in the atmosphere comes up during volcanic vyverzhennya.

Molecular nitrogen is oxidized to nitrogen monoxide in the upper spheres of the atmosphere when electric discharges are injected due to the participation of ozone:

N 2 + O 2 → 2NO

In the minds of wicked minds, monoxide secretly enters into a reaction with acidic solutions to nitrous oxide:

2NO + O 2 → 2N 2 O

Nitrogen found cheeky element earthly atmosphere. Nitrogen enters to the warehouse of bilkiv, which will provide for the mineral vitality of the roslin. It is the origin of the quickness of biochemical reactions, the role of the dealer in the process of thinking.

Another for the widening gas of the Earth's atmosphere is kissen. Confirmation of a large gas to mate with the photosynthetic power of the growths and bacteria. Photosynthetic organisms became more versatile and numerical, while the process became more important than sourness in the atmosphere. There is not a lot of important sourness seen when degassing mantle.

In the upper spheres of the troposphere and the stratosphere, ozone is set in the inflow of ultraviolet sleepy viprominuvannya (meaningfully, it is hν):

O 2 + hν → 2O

As a result of the development of the same ultraviolet radiation, there is a decrease in ozone:

О 3 + hν → О 2 + О

О 3 + O → 2О 2

As a result of the first reaction, atomic muslin is established, as a result of another - molecular mussen. All 4 reactions are called "Chapman's Mechanism", after the British brewery Chapman's Day from the 1930s.

Kisen serve for the dichotomy of living organisms. The processes of oxidation and mining are also observed.

Ozone is used to destroy living organisms in the form of ultraviolet viprominuvannya, like a viclikal non-vascular mutation. The highest concentration of ozone is promoted in the lower stratosphere, in the intervals of the so-called. ozone ball or ozone screen, lying at a height of 22-25 km. Instead of ozone is small: under a normal grip, all the ozone of the earth's atmosphere occupies a bi-ball with a total thickness of 2.91 mm.

Relief of the third for the broadening in the atmosphere of argon gas, as well as neon, helium, krypton and xenon will be connected with volcanic vyverzhdenny and the drop of radioactive elements.

Zokrema helium is a product of radioactive decay of uranium, thorium and radium: 238 U → 234 Th + α, 230 Th → 226 Ra + 4 He, 226 Ra → 222 Rn + α waste energy will start up electricity and start 4 He).

Argon is set in the process of decay of radioactive isotope calium: 40 K → 40 Ar + γ.

Neon viparovuєtsya from vyverzhennyh breeds.

Krypton asserts itself as a kintsev product of the drop in uranium (235 U and 238 U) and thorium Th.

The main mass of atmospheric krypton was established at the early stages of the evolution of the Earth as a result of the drop in transuranic elements from a phenomenally small period of time to the west, or it went from space, to wipe krypton in just ten times the earth.

Xenon is the result of uranium dilution, but the main mass of gas was released from the early stages of the establishment of the Earth, from the primordial atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide gas enters the atmosphere as a result of volcanic rods and in the process of deployment organic speech... In the mid-latitude atmosphere, the Earth grows heavily fallen during the seasons in rock: the amount of CO 2 increases, and the amount of CO 2 grows, and it decreases. The chain is tied with the amount of roslin, which is used for the production of carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis.

It is a good day to be satisfied with the results of the distribution of water and sleepy ones. Ale, being the smallest of the gases, is able to enter the atmosphere, to gradually vapour into the cosmic space, and the change in the atmosphere is not great.

Water vapor є the result of the vaporization of water from the surface of lakes, rychok, sea and land.

Concentration of the main gases in the lower spheres of the atmosphere, behind a vignette of water bet and in carbon dioxide, is constant. In small quantities in the atmosphere, there is a lot of sulfur oxide SO 2, ammonia NH 3, carbon monoxide CO, ozone O 3, chlorine water HCl, hydrogen fluoride HF, nitrogen monoxide NO, in carbohydrates, mercury vapor Hg, iodine I 2 and a lot of them. Near the lower atmospheric sphere of the troposphere, there is always a large number of important solid and rare particles.

Dzherels of solid particles in the atmosphere of the Earth є volcanic vyverzhennya, sawlaps, microorganisms, and, for the rest of the hour, the activity of people, for example, the burning of wicked fire in the process of virobnitting. Found particles of the saw, such as nuclei of condensation, serve as causes of illumination of fogs and gloom. Without solid particles, constantly present in the atmosphere, no fall would fall on the Earth.

The atmosphere is the gaseous shell of our planet, as it wrap itself around the Earth at once. Gas, which is found in the atmosphere, is called by the name. The atmosphere drifts through the hydrosphere and partly curls the lithosphere. And the axis of the upper boundary is important. It is cleverly accepted that the atmosphere stretches up the mountain for about three thousand kilometers. There, there is a smooth flow into the space without disturbance.

Chemistry warehouse of the atmosphere of the Earth

form chemistry warehouse Atmosphere has come close to the next few years. At times, the atmosphere was lacking in light gases - helium and water. On the thought of the vicious changes of the head gas shell Around the Earth, volcanoes steeped, as at the same time a majestic number of gases swept along the lava. Nadal pohavsya gas exchange with water spaces, with living organisms, with products of їх activity. The warehouse has changed in a step-by-step manner, and in a day-to-day view, it has fixed a little more than a few thousand years ago.

Head and atmosphere warehouses are nitrogen (close to 79%) and muslin (20%). Vіdsotok, brought on the offensive gases: argon, neon, helium, methane, carbon dioxide gas, water, krypton, xenon, ozone, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen, nitrous oxide and carbon oxide.

In addition, water vapor and solid particles (saws, saws, salt crystals, aerosol houses) appear in some places.

The remainder of the hour will mean not just, but rather than the change of the young people of the Ingredients. The first reason for this is the people and their abilities. Only for the rest of 100 rocks instead of carbon dioxide has grown ten times! Tse will overwhelm bagatma with problems;

Formation, wait and climate

The atmosphere is in the most important role in the form of climate and weather on Earth. It is even more abundant to lie down from a number of sleepy ridges, due to the nature of the style of the surface and atmospheric circulation.

Factors are visible in order.

1. The atmosphere allows the warmth of the sleepy exchanges and the skimming radiance to pass through. The ancient Greeks knew even about those, that the interchange Dreams fall on the small houses of the Earth from the small kuts. The very word "klimat" in the old Greek means "nahil". So, on the ekvatori sleepyachny promenade it is practically direct to fall, it is even hot here. Chim nearer to the poles, tim bolshe kut nakhilu. І the temperature drops.

2. Through the uneven heating of the Earth in the atmosphere, alternate currents are formed. The stench of classifying for their own sizes. Naymenshi (tens and hundreds of meters) - a lot of mists vіtru. Let's go muson and passati, cyclones and anticyclones, planetary frontal zones.

All ci disastrous masi change over time. Deyakі from them to finish static. For example, passy, ​​like dimming from subtropics straight to the point. Rukh іnshikh are rich in what to lie in an atmospheric vice.

3. Atmospheric grip is another factor that flows into the mold. Tse grip on the surface of the earth. As it seems, the masses are moving from the area with an atmospheric grip moving towards the area, the grip is lower.

In total 7 zones were seen. Equator is a zone of low vice. Dal, on the offense of the sides, from the ekvatora right up to thirty latitudes - an area of ​​a high vise. From 30 ° to 60 ° - again a low vice. And from 60 ° to the poles - the zone of the high vise. Between the various zones and the circulating mass. If you go from the sea to land, carry boards and bad weather, and if you dim from the continents - clear and dry weather. At the time of the day, there is a leak, a zone atmospheric front, Yaki is characterized by litter and gloomy, windy weather.

At the end of the day, they brought me to the atmosphere of the atmosphere to lay down on the self-esteem of the people. It is normal for international standards atmospheric grip- 760 mm Hg. at a temperature of 0 ° C. There is a whole indicator of insurance coverage for these landlocks, which are practically located at the sea level. The grip is lowered by the grip. Tom, for example, for St. Petersburg 760 mm Hg. - tse the norm. And the axle for Moskvia, the yak is roasted in the vishche, the normal grip is 748 mm Hg.

The vice changes not only vertically, but horizontally. It is especially prone to be seen when passing cyclones.

Budova atmosphere

The atmosphere is nagaduє leafy pie. The first skin ball has its own peculiarities.

. troposphere- closest to the Earth ball. "Tovschina" a whole ball of change in the world of viddalennya from ekvatora. Above the ekvator, the ball should be stretched up the hill for 16-18 km, in Pomirny Zones- by 10-12 km, at the poles - by 8-10 km.

Here 80% of all food and 90% of water bets can be found here. Hmari, cyclones and anticyclones appear here. The temperature should be at least as low as possible. In mid-won, it will drop by 0.65 ° C per skin 100 meters.

. tropopause- transition sphere of the atmosphere. Yogo height - from decilkoh hundreds of meters up to 1-2 km. The temperature is inflated, not charged. So, for example, above the poles charge -65 ° C. And above the ekvator at any hour of fate, trim -70 ° C.

. stratosphere- the whole ball, the upper boundary pass at a height of 50-55 kilometers. Turbulence is low here, but rather insignificant instead of water bets. Then a lot more ozone. The maximum concentration is at a height of 20-25 km. In the stratosphere, the temperature has improved and improved and reached the mark of + 0.8 ° C. The ozone ball has been combined with ultraviolet vipromotion.

. Stratopause- an inexpensive intermediate ball between the stratosphere and the mesosphere advancing behind it.

. mesosphere- the upper boundary of the ball - 80-85 kilometers. Here we see folding photochemical processes for the participation of great radicals. The very stench will get in trouble those nizhne blakitne syayvo our planet, like banging out of space.

The mesosphere has a greater number of comets and meteorites.

. mesopause- the offensive industrial ball, the temperature in the minimum is -90 °.

. thermosphere- the lower boundary should be repaired at a height of 80 - 90 km, and the upper boundary should be traversed approximately 800 km later. Increase temperature. It can be varied from + 500 ° C to +1000 ° C. With a stretch, add the temperature range to store hundreds of degrees! If it’s okay here, it’s okay, but the term “temperature” is clear, but it’s not accurate.

. ionosphere- single mesosphere, mesopause and thermosphere. If you turn the polarity here in the main molecule of acidic nitrogen, as well as in quasi-neutral plasma. Sleepy lanes, when they enter the ionosphere, strongly ionize the molecules of powder. At the lower sphere (up to 90 km), the steps of ionization are low. Chim vishche, tim more ionization. So, at a height of 100-110 km of electricity concentrate. The process of displaying short and medium radiohills.

The most important sphere of the ionosphere is the upper one, which is located at a height of 150-400 km. Its specialty is that it is responsible for the transmission of radio signals, and the process of transmission of radio signals on the territory of the country.

Itself in the ionosphere is seen the same phenomenon as polar syayvo.

. exosphere- to store from atoms, helium and water. Gas in the whole ball is even more efficient and space... This ball is called the "zone of growth".

Let us first test, like letting it go, that our atmosphere is maє vagu, bouv italієts E. Torrіchellі. Ostap Bender, for example, in the novel "The Gold of the Body" is scolding, so on the skin of a lump the stamp of a weight of 14 kg! Ale, the great combinator of the trocha has mercy. Lyudyna has grown up in a grip of 13-15 tons! Alem is not aware of the tenseness of the world, so the atmospheric grip of the people is inevitable. Waga of our atmosphere becomes 5,300,000,000,000,000 tons. The figure is colossal, I want all a million of a part of the vagi of our planet.