The mushrooms should lie down to the living organisms chi ni. Widdil mushroom
Morphophysiological characteristics of the type.
Fungi are a group of heterotrophic organisms, with close to 100,000 species.
The stench comes from the morphophysiological organization of the light of living beings. It is not possible to bring neither to roslin, nor to creatures. Thylo mushrooms are stored not from typical cells, but from threads. In the world of creatures їkh we’ll tie the manifestation of the sechovina in the exchange of speeches, the spare speech in the glycogen, as well as the hіtin in the winks of the hyphae. With growing lines of common ways of living, building up to unbounded growth, a tendency to dismemberment of the body, so that the whole surface of the body is soaked.
Walking around.
The theory of growing mushrooms is a transfer of green algae, which means that mushrooms are clearly regressive group of roslin, which have absorbed chloroplasts.
The theory of food prodigies is based on the fact that mushrooms are a combination of chlorophyll-free organisms, so that they resemble the most simple heterotrophic organisms, and not like algae. The theory is more beautiful, fragments of chlorophyll-free water growth, as a spare product accumulate starch. Mushrooms have no starch.
Zhorstka klіtinna stinka bіlkova and revenge hіtin.
Tilo is stored in many thin threads, which are called giphs. Sukupn_st gіf approved mіceliy. Clitini mycelia are stored in carbohydrates at the viglyadi glycogen.
Reproduction: statelessly ask for help for a dispute. If supercircuits are established in special organs - sporangia, then sporulation is endogenous, as well as without middle on vertical hyphae - exogenous sporulation.
Vegetative propagation grows in parts of mycelia or brunquanny.
Mitosis and meiosis protivate without ruinous cariolemma, before which a spindle will form. When the chromosomes are rosted, the nucleus is separated by a constriction.
There are three forms of the article process:
gametogamy = zlitty gametes, established in gametangia. Maybe booty isogamy, heterogamy, oogamy.
Somatogamy = zlittya two cells of vegetative mycelia;
Gametangiogamy = evil of two state structures, which are not differentiated into gametes.
taxonomy: The reference mushrooms are divided into a number of classes.
To lower mushrooms carry:
class of chytridiomycetes
class Oomyceti
Klas Zygomyceti.
To mushrooms:
Klas Sumchasti (Askomitseti)
class Basidiomyceti
Klas Nedoskonali mushrooms.
The lower mushrooms may not be classified as buds (non-septicized mycelia), which is why they are not divided into partitions. X tilo is represented by a single gigantic multi-core cell. For example, representatives of flower mushrooms can be applied to zygomycetam. Vishі fungi may be arthritic (septirovanny tіlo), multicellular with one or two nuclei. For example, Askomiceti, and capsicum mushrooms, can be referred to basidiomycetes.
Class zigomyceti. Plisnyava.
Reproduction can be stateless (by disputes), vegetative (by parts of mycelia), and rarely by status (zygogamy).
Zygogamy (gametangiogamy) lasts for several stages:
Osvita gif, physiologically based on: + childish and -cholovic.
Osvita of the encouraging and emerging dalyanoks at the end of the gypsum (haploid gametangia);
The zlitty of gametangia with the farther zlitty of the kernels and the statements of the zygote (2n); During the period of calm, the zygote lasts for meiosis and sprouts in the gyphae, with sporangium.
Zygote sprouting.
Class of sumchas (Askomitseti)
Askomitseti - a class of wild mushrooms with rich cells and sporulation organs - bags (askas).
In cychs Strom, as a result of the statistic process, the fruits of the body are established - the first ones, stored in cylindrical bags - asks, which can revenge the thread-like ascospores. Dosage of the super-spreader is seen before the hour of cereals blooming, as a result of meiosis - the super-spreader of the statical multiplication.
The super-streamers actively vikidayutsya for the help of the wind, drink on the cereals, de and germinate. Mycelium assertions penetrate into the ovary of the mother's cereal and ruinu її. On the last days of the disease, as a result of mitosis, conidia are detached - super-strands of non-statute reproduction, so that conidial sporulation is infused.
With a whole lot of mushrooms, they see dots of licorice ridini - copper dew. The coma transferring conidia to the stitches of suspended roselin and infecting it. Sclerocy to take revenge on alkaloids, sclera
penicillium- saprophyte mushroom. M of segmented mycelia. On top of that, people come in - conidinosci, razgalucheni on the upper end, which are called sterigmas. The cutaneous segment is single-core. Sterigmas end with a lance of the zoning super-stream - conidiy. As a result of the statutory process, bags of ascospores are established, which are located in the middle of the closed fruit body - cleistothecia. For the first time, antibiotic penicillin. It is also used to grow stagnant at the food industry for the preparation of special varieties of sir.
other- one-line mushrooms of the Askomiceti class. Їх vegetatively oval, only single-core and single-core. Nature has a great number of species. H - for the health of the carbohydrates, they release glucose with the adoption of ethanol and carbon dioxide, in the culture of the human introduction of beer, wine, bakery and other types of food.
It is characterized by a strongly rotated aerobic exchange of speech. Dzherelom in coal є versatile organic speech: zucru, alcohol, organic acids and others.
Reproduction is vegetative (brunkuvannyam). If there is a lack of food and too much money, there will be a process by the type of hologamy. The zygote is transformed into a bag, de meiotic 4 ascospores are established, the skin develops in other cells.
class basidiomyceti
Ob'dnu mayzhe all groups of chapinka mushrooms. Vegetatively, it is represented by the separated mycelim, which is stored in the articular hyphae. There are no special bodies of statistic reproduction. Statute of multiplication to become an offensive rank:
From the germination of the haploid basidiospore, the primary non-septic mycelium develops. With the help of mycelia, they transform into articulations. The cutaneous segment is single-core. Then we see somatogamy - the evil of kintsev clitin gif, so there may be a sign of the state of affairs. ALE: angry vmestu (protoplast) of the segments does not supervise the angry nuclei. Dikarioni is established, as it is possible to move in sync. This is how the secondary dikarion mycelium is formed.
On the wild meat, the fruit is set aside, as it is stored in hemp (nizhki) and droplets. The hymenial ball of the droplet (hymenophore) can be a plate part or a tubular part. At the human ball at the end of the dicarion of the two nuclear cells, the basis is established. For their development of basidia, make a bag and are homologous. At the basidia, the state process is completed, so that the dicarion nuclei get angry, and the diploid nucleus is set up. The whole nucleus is spread by meiosis from the statements of chotir basidiospores.
In vine mushrooms, there are three phases in their development: haploid, dicarion (the main part of life) and diploid (short hours).
The value of mushrooms. Mushrooms take part in the circulation of speech in nature, mineralize organic speech and take part in the established humus. Їх vikoristovuyut in gourmet industry for the removal of alcohol, wine, beer, kvass, in baked goods, in otrimanny bіlkіv and vitamins. Mushrooms establish organic active speech - antibiotics, enzymes, organic acids and in. Kharchov is a significant mushroom class of basidiomyceti. Deyakі vidi otruynі for people.
✎ Principles of picking mushrooms on the class
Vyhodyachi from budovy (shapinkovyh, plisnyavi or drijdzhovi), vegetative type (mycelia), methods of reproduction (non-statutory abnormal), chemistry warehouseїх shells and their signs, all registered mushrooms are grown in classy mushroom... 13 of the most significant (from the 36th of the ninth types) mushroom classes:
- basidiomyceti(Lat. Basidiomycetes);
- askomitseti(Lat. Ascomycetes);
- endomyceti(Lat. Endomycetes);
- deuteromyceti(Lat. Deuteromycetes);
- oomyceti(Lat. Oomycetes);
- chytridiomycetes(Lat. Chytridiomycetes);
- zigomyceti(Lat. Zygomycetes);
- mixogaster_ceti(Lat. Myxogasteromycetes);
- protostelіomyceti(Lat. Protosteliomycetes);
- dіktіostelіomіtseti(Lat. Dictyosteliomycetes);
- akraziomyceti(Lat. Acrasiomycetes);
- plasmodiooforomiceti(Lat. Plasmodiophoromycetes);
- actinomyceti(Outdated. Change fungi).
from which only pershi 2-a, and tse - basidiomycetiі askomitseti, Zdatnі present singing interest for lovers of picking mushrooms.
✎ Main classes of mushrooms and mushroom-like
Up to the fourth grade to lay down misunderstood mushrooms abo - deuteromyceti ... They have a miraculous rosacea, nuclear-fueled guards with partitions, just like that, like summit abo basic mushrooms. Їх without status, multiplying with conidia (unruly spores). The article process is visible to them. At the connection from the exit of the statute reproduction, it is important to note that the smell of mushrooms is introduced, up to summit abo basic... system incomplete mushrooms not depicting phylogenetic features (to be identifying by the evolutive sense), and to that її vvazayut piece.
Until the class is admitted - chytridiomycetes ... There are also microscopic single-cell fungi, ale only with decilcoma nuclei, and these super-strands and statues of cells can be put back by one "twine" flagellum (thin cytoplasmic virility). chytridiomycetes- baggy water and soil, the stench is widespread in nature. Do not pick such mushrooms.
Up to the eighth class to be admitted - mixogaster_ceti - miksamёbi and deyaki plasmodyevia of mucous membranes, which may appear only in the eyes of the head, the depleted shell of multinucleated protoplasm, called plasmodium, is characterized by the manifestation of bicuspid zoospores. Plasmodium from them will turn into Etal (tse is a fruit container for the sporulation of a growth form), in the middle of which a pseudo-capillary is set up (such super-splices and rounded threads with transverse folds on the top), behind Saprotrophic mixogaster. Їх plasmodia live in dark sirih mіstsyah, bagatikh organic words Such as empty and rotten spines or roots of old trees, decaying decaying leaves, since Plasmodia is characterized by ruff to temriavi and dzherel їzhі. Їx do not take.
Until the ninth grade to be admitted - protostelіomyceti - as amoeboid mucous, which are characterized by the presence of vegetative body in the amoeboid viglyad. Protostelіomyceti from Usima miksomіcetіv (miksogasteromіcetamіі plasmod_oforom_cetamі, dіktіostelіomіcetamіі akraziomycetamі) The nature of the illumination of the fruit trees and the buds of the plasmodia, as well as the special features of the ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus of the zoospores and the tubular parts of the cross (the folds of the inner membrane) of the mitochondria (parts of the muscle) Protostelіomyceti - saprotrophy on tall grates and in the ground. Їx do not take.
Until the tenth class to be admitted - dіktіostelіomіtseti - special cells of the lizards, as part of their life to spend in the ruins of the single-lined amoebae, to grow in bacteria and multiply underneath. In unfriendly minds, for example, in case of unstable izhi, amoeba repairs at once, setting up streams of cells, crumpling spirally to the center, setting up pseudoplasmodium, in a kind of amoeba I want to be alone inside of me alone. The pseudoplasmodium itself is covered with a thin zakisnoy envelope і building in such a viglyadі it is oversaturated on the substrate like єdine tsіle (call it right up to the lighthouse). Well, in the minds of the general minds, it ceases to collapse and transform itself in the fruit as a sporophore, so that it folds from a small head with disputes, so it is carried over the substrate on a thin bottom. Їx do not take.
Up to the eleventh class to be considered - akraziomyceti - bezobolonkovy-klіtinnі slizoviki Only doctors are engaged in every day. Akraziomyceti, yak i dіktіostelіomіtseti To spend a large part of one's life at the sight of one-lined amoebas, which were built into pseudoplasmodium. And, with such an arrangement, the amoebas collapse on their own and in an independent way, not setting up the flow of blood cells. And when a pseudoplasmodium is formed, it is built up around the edges of the cells, but they were not angry one by one, - not the old oversupply, but the old formations of the fruit, super-splices like іinzistirovatsya (from the approved shell. Їx do not take.
Until the thirteenth class to be admitted - actinomyceti - half-baked (chi to pack - prokaryotic fungal organisms). Bagato s actinomycetivє producers of antibiotics, and the majority of these species є saprotrophs-reducers (aka ruinous surplus of living organisms), transferring remains in inorganic and simpler organic spoluke... Oh, it’s clear rіch, it can’t be taken.
✎ Visnovka and stacking
first three class mushrooms store viddil edible mushroomsі їх mycelium - bagatoclіtinniy. Offensive, quarter-class mushrooms, enter before viddilu incomplete mushrooms, In which all the signs basicі summit (edible mushrooms), Ale! with stateless reproduction. P'yatyv, the first and the same class of mushrooms to be combined in one form - lower mushrooms and they have one-line mycelia (for example: mushrooms) Abo bagatoklitinniy (for example: flowers mushrooms). And the rest of the classes of mushrooms are carried to the end mushroom organismsі at all, - mixogaster_cetiі protostelіomyceti, dіktіostelіomіtsetiі akraziomyceti, And at the same time with them plasmodiooforomiceti be submitted to pseudo-grains, Slizoviki (or mushroom-like organisms), and the axis actinomyceti to be introduced up to half-grains, bacteria (or mushroom-like simplest).
Pseudo-groove(Abo slizoviki) are a special selected group, as one of the only representatives of the unspoken Evolutionary giloks. Previously, it traditionally included:
1. plasmodial mucous(abo Miksomitseti, Including miksogastrid and protostelid);
2. klinny slizoviki(abo akraziomyceti, Including dіctіostelіd і akrazіd);
3. plasmodiophoresis of mucous (plasmodiooforomiceti, Including plasmodium);
4. labirintovie slizovy(Abo labіrintulomіkotovі).
Ale, oskilki labіrintulomіkotovі- the same type or class it is possible to live the simplest ones, which earlier were carried either to mushrooms or to amoeba, to live on sea water, to establish their own colonies, and to be stored up with impossibly rounded tubules, in which it is possible to wander around, dilenya klin, for as a result of the decline in the colony, then that viddilu mushroom-like mushrooms have been pickled and the class of mushrooms cannot be guessed anymore. Most of them are close to 35 vid_v .
Uninvolved on those who are slimy, yak group The boules have been seen for a long time, the stench is still not enough vivcheni. The first hour was brought to mushrooms (in the form of mushroom-like organisms (Latin Myxomycota) in the kingdom of fungi), miksomіcetіv... ale Miksomitseti seen from reference mushrooms in the daytime of the hard shell, which drains vegetatively, the character of the vile food, as well as some other characteristic features.
And from the modern taxonomy, navpaki, all the same the similarity mixomiceov with mushrooms, look at the classification of slime molds in the same way and carry them together with algae and one-line eukarotas - to the kingdom Protista
(half-grain, mushroom-like simplest), De voni and make up their own Protozoans
(pseudo-crest, mushroom-like organisms; synonym: Mixomycota), which also include all liche 3rd class i tse:
The main signs, behind the best solutions, are mushroomі mushroom-like organisms, Vvazayayutsya: the appearance of a chitin in a classroom - at reference mushroomsі manifestation of the flagellar stage in ontogenesis (or individual development of the body) - in mushroom organisms.
Gribi for budovaya and physiological functions of developmental and widespread in small living communities. Їх sizes - from microscopic malichs (single-line forms, for example, others) to great primіrniks, fruits that are only within a diameter of a meter or more.
Classify mushrooms as a super-stream (the stench is assumed to be a stateless way) and special spore-bearing structures. The rank of mushroom taxa is defined by the standard endings recommended for cich organisms by the international rules of botanical nomenclature.
Among the taxons of higher rank in the middle of the kingdom of mushrooms - viddiliv (odor equivalent to the "types" of the twins) - but the end is mycota, and among the pidviddiliv (others in the іnrarchії) - mycotina. Dal in the order of the fall follow the classes (-mycetes), orders (-ales) and families (-aceae). Standardized endpoints have not been transferred for canopies and species.
It is classy to see the nature of the organs for the propagation of mushrooms, as well as signs of the budovy of the vegetative body. Viddil Oomycetes is not numbered and includes only two classes of Oomycetes and Hyphochytriomicetes, which are distributed in a number of jgutics in the warehouse of their wines: from another clinny walls order with cellulose of manifestations and chitin.
The majority of fungi (more than 95%) are recognized before the basis of Eumicot, in which there are five classes: Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomyceti, or Ascomycetes of Basis. for lack of knowledge of fungi (Deuteromycetes).
Oomycetes
Oomyceti is multiplied yak without status, as well as status by way. In case of non-statute propagation, zoospores are established in sporangia. A number of species of sporangia can be seen as sporangia and sprout like one dispute. The zoospore may have two jagutiks - anterior peristoid and twisted posterior, whilst and service for oversupply.
The article of reproduction is represented by a kind of oogamy. Oogony to avenge one or more oocytes, at that hour, as antheridium does not set up the gametes, and when late, it simply overflows a part of one's own cell with nuclei into the oogony, but characteristic familiar, A group is seen behind yakim. Confirmed during the late period ooospore є soak in the form of oomycetes, in which wine is opposed to an unpleasant period, for example, winter. Hanging stench sprout, giving zoosporangia. In such a rank, the oospore before the same diploid stage in the cycle of development of oomycetes. For oomycetes, the characteristic ginadromixis (form "gina" - zhіnochiy, "andros" - cholovіchiy), that is, the change of status when singing pheromones (anteridol, oogonіol) are present. It only grows in two-water plants, in some antheridia and archegonia develop on young thalli.
Hyphochytriomycetes (Hyphochytriomicetes)
Chytridiomycetes (Chytridiomycetes)
Haploid zoospores of chytridiomycetes are unhealthy with one jugular, when Russia is always straightened back (there are often many burned ones - only in some species in the order of Neocallimasticales can be up to 10 or more), and almost a new organ can be diploid organism, which is a form of new haploid zoospores (order Chytridiales). In a number of species, there is a process after the type of chologamy (evil of all organisms), or gametes are formed, from zoospores. In the majority of chytridiomycetes, haplonti, it is less susceptible to change of nuclear phases. Oskilki in the life cycle of chytridiomycetes in the presence of flagellates zoospores, in the end of the 1980s-1990s, in the late 1980s-1990s, they existed from the kingdom of fungi and were brought to mushroom-like chromium. Approximately at the same hour (1991-1996), data on the ultrastructure of mitochondria appeared, a chemical warehouse of cells and molecular-phylogenetic analyzes of their organisms, which showed that all chytridiomycetes are available to the references.
Zygomyceti (Zygomycotina)
Tse terrestrial mushrooms, statelessly multiplying those from the statements of non-tough spores (aplanospores), and by way of illiteracy, they grow on the microscopic organisms called gametangia. Aplanospores ripen in sac-like structures - sporangia and in a number of species, with the power to vikidayut from them in the mouth. With the statistic multiplication of evil and change in place of gametangia, to produce a thick-walled zigospore until the approval, which sprouts up after a long period of calm. New video Mucor and close to new mushrooms, clearly presented in the ground, on pus, and on some organic surplus, often growing in fluffy nallots on syrup and rotten fruits. Budova sporangiyev and ways of developing zigospores are widely used as a basis for seeing different taxa. There are a lot of representatives of the heterothallomny pidviddіlu, so that the process and education of the zigospores can only be with them with the developmental individuals of the same species, which can be referred to the older "statutory types". Їх "mіzhstatevi" in navkolishnє center by the words of hormonal nature. Recognition of two statutory types is shown in the name of the pidviddil, established from the walnuts. zym – "Pair".
Ascomyceti abo sumchas of mushrooms (Ascomycotina)
There is a large group of mushrooms that are seen as a special type of superweapon - ascospores, which are set up in the middle of the bag-shaped clit, called a bag, or ascom (from the Greek Askos). Razvichy in asca ripe in ascospores, or in fallowness in the form of mushrooms, maybe there are from one to a thousand or so. Asks (often mixed with sterile threads) are packaged to form a spore-bearing ball, the title of hymenium. In most of the common mushrooms, there is all the middle of the specific purchase of glyphs - fruit tree, or askocarp. The price of a well-structured structure, on the features of which is rich in what will be the classification of the representatives of this pidviddil. Most of the common fungi are also approved without aplanospore, called conidospores or simply conidia (as Greek Konis - drank, and idion - change sufix, tobto “cryhitna powder”). Conidia ripen either on the extraordinary warehouse tilo of the fungus (somatic) hyphae, or on special hyphae-podstavkah (conidiophores).
The sums of the mushrooms are borrowed from the environmentally friendly ones. The stench grows in the ground, in the seas and in the natural waters, on which surplus of food and roslin are laid out. There are few of the middle and insecure pathogens, which are able to wick away the ailments of the roselin and the creature. Traditsіyno Tsey naybіlshy pіdvіddіl gribіv podіlyayut on p'yat klasіv: Hemiascomycetes, Plectomycetes, Pyrenomycetes, Discomycetes i Loculoascomycetes, however, there are i novih elektronnomіkroskopіchnih danih results tipuvannya DNA (analіzu genetichnogo materіalu) suggestive Dumka about those scho klasifіkatsії such a scheme is not vіdobrazhaє spravzhnі evolyutsіynі ring.
Pyrenomycetes. In cich mushrooms, cylindrical asci are known to be found in the fruit trees, called Perithets, as they call the flask and emerge in the middle of the bowl with a lid on the end of the ringing shiika. Behind the shape, the barbed and the consistency, the perfumes are very varied, the stench is singular or selected in groups, some of them are in particular compact, adopted by the glyphs of the structure, called the stroma. So, wake up to see pus in sight Sordaria fumicola perіtetsіі singles, before dinner approx. 0.5 mm, and y Daldinia concentrica Hundreds of fruit trees are located along the periphery of the distribution on clear concentric zones of stroma with a diameter of more than 2.5 cm. Rosellinia necatrix) І apple cancer ( Nectria galligena); іnshі see you can create a shkodi, run a village. Rіzhki purple ( Claviceps pugrurea) Enemy ears of wheat and grain. Vzhivannya in the bush is boros, infected with a cymus fungus, vyklikak vzhyvoryuvannya - ergotism - with such symptoms as hallucinations and stronger feelings of sorrow (the old name of ailments - "gangrene").
Discomycetes. In discomycetes, the fruit grows thinly in the form of a cup-shaped or discoid hymenium on the surface. Vinyatok are representatives of the order of truffle (Tuberales), which are used to set up the land of askocarp with internal hymenium. Discomycetes have been added to taxoni of the lower rank, which can be primed on the method of asca rosetting. At t. Zv. For operculative ascians, a special krishechka is especially useful for those who are operculating, and for the perkulatnyy such krishechka is not. Most of the discomycetes are saprotrophy, which can grow on the ground, pus and debris. Deyaki canopy pathogens, for example, Sclerotinia fructigenia wiklikaє zvichaynu borax rot of apples and pears, and Rhytisma acerinum- resinous flameiness of maple. Prior to the highly specialized order of Lecanorales, it is considered that there are more lichens (in symbiosis with algae); Remains play an important role in the settlement of stones, bare ground, and in the regions of the north.
Loculoascomycetes. For cich mushrooms, typical sov. bitunicated, tobto otocheny with a sublayer shell, asci. Zovnishnya zhorstka stinka (ekzoask, abo ekzotunika) when ripened, the internal stretching glass (endoask, or endotunica) is drawn through the opening, The name of the class is tied with that, so that asci grow in empty places (loculi) in the middle of fruit trees, call askostromami.
Basidiomyceti abo basidial fungi (Basidiomycotina)
An indication of the cich fungi is the maturation of the supercross (basidiospores) on the surface of special structures, i.e. basidium. The skin with basidia is formed on the tip of the gypsum and is a swollen clump (rіdshe - chotiri clіtini) with thin virostas (sterigmas), up to some attachments of basidiospori.
Deuteromyceti, for lack of understanding of fungi (Deuteromycotina)
Deuteromyceti (lat. Deuteromycota), or Fungi imperfecti (lat. Fungi imperfecti) is a non-taxonomic group of mushrooms, which was previously used by viddil. They are stored in dismembered, clear-cut, or barren, high-grade glyphs and in some cases from nirki klitin. Reproduce viciously in a stateless way, when the establishment of conidia is carried out on isolated, or in groups, conidiophores, or special approvals, as they are called picnids. There are three orders of deuteromycetes: Sphaeropsidales, Melanconiales and Hyphomycetales (Moniliales), representatives of which are widespread in the ground. Mushrooms of the order Sphaeropsidales are characterized by conidia, which are set in pits, which become closed or appear as pores or tremors.
They come in rіd Phoma і ін. See the genus Phoma to create a mycorrhiza with the roots of the deyakie Roslin. The order of Melanconiales includes organisms, as they do not fail. Conidia roztashovani on conidiophores, z'єdnanih in a special society - acervuli. Mushrooms in the order of Hyphomycetales may be dismembered, reddened, clear, or dark-bordered by hyphae. Їх to reach the developmental conidia of being on conidiophores, the rest are rocked one at a time or in groups. The soil is richly representative of the order - Cephalosporium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Fusarium, etc. Insufficient mushrooms are subdivided into families, which are developed between the type of mycelia and the form of conidiophores. To the incomprehensible fungi, carry out a group of fungi in an unrepairable manner by statutory and without statutory propagation (the order of Mycelia sterilia - fungi from sterile micelles). A number of fungi (Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia and ін.), Which may be significant in priming processes, enter here.