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Geographic obolonka, її parts of warehouses, interconnection between them. geographic obolonka

components geographic envelopeі їх interaction.

Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere - chotiri obolonki earthly coo to be in a foldable interconnection, interpenetrate one to one. Stink all at once geographic shell.

Life is developing in geographic obolonts, the power of water, ice, wind is manifested, it is established in the ground, sedimentary rocks.

Geographic obolonka is an area of folding interpenetration, intermoderation of cosmic and earthly forces. Vona will continue to develop and accelerate as a result of the interaction of animate and inanimate nature.

The upper boundary of the geographic envelope forms in the tropopause - a transitional ball between the troposphere and stratosphere. Above the ekvator, the ball grows at a height of 16-18 km, and at the poles - 8-10 km. On the ciches of the sky, processes are extinguished and brought up, creating a relationship between geospheres. In the stratosphere, there is practically no water vapor, there is no vertical displacement of the wind, the temperature change is not tied to the inflow earthly surface... Life is not merciful here.

The lower boundary on land passes at a depth of 3-5 km, i.e., there, the warehouse and power of the worlds are changing, the water in the middle of the country and the living organisms is changing.

The geographic envelope of the Earth is an integral material system, clearly seen from the Earth's geospheres. The integrity of the business begins without interruption in the fashion of solid, wild and gas-like, and for life's winners - and living words. All the warehouses of the geographic envelope are interconnected, vikoristovuyu sleepyachnuyu energy, come to the Earth, and the energy of the internal forces of the Earth.

The interaction between the geospheres of the Earth in the boundaries of the geographic envelope is seen as a result of the circulation of words (water, carbon, acid, nitrogen, in carbon dioxide ta in.).

All components of the geographic envelope are located in folding links. The change of one component is not the same for the change and for the others.

The rhythm of appearances in geographic obolonts. The geographic envelope of the Earth is constantly changing, accelerating the interconnection between the two components. Changes occur in hours and in space. There is a rhythm of triviality in nature. Short, good and rich rhythms are especially important for living organisms. During the period of calmness and activity, one should use the rhythms. good rhythm(Day and night) of the wrapping of the Earth around its axis; rhythm(Zmіna pіr doom) - to the beasts of the Earth near Sontsya. Rich rhythm is manifested in the dormant periods of calm and vegetation of roslin, in moulting and migration of twins, in some types - in spitting, propagation. Richna rhythm in geographic obolontsi lies in the latitude of the world: in the equatorial latitudes of the region it rolls weaker, lower in the world or polar ones.

The rhythms add up to the same rhythms on the little ones, and on the little ones, on the other. also vіkovі, Bagator_chny rhythms, for example, the use of wintry klimatu (cold weather - warmer, hanging - disturbance).

The changes in the geographic obolontsi are taking place as a result of the collapse of the continent, the coming and entering the seas, in the course geological processes: In case of erosion and accumulation, robotic seas, volcanism. In general, the geographic shell develops gradually: from simple to folding, from lower to high.

08.07.2015 2758 0

tsіlі:

scientists are responsible for the storage of warehouses of the geographic envelope; direct the butt of the Earth's shells to the geographic regions.

Scientists are responsible for: describe the stage of development of the geographic shell; explain the uniqueness of the geographic envelope.

ustatkuvannya

Go to lesson

I ... Organizational moment. Good day, lads!

Guess what is the cycle of speech in nature?

With the whirlpools of what kind of words we know?

II ... Vivchennya new material

We learned from the choterma by the shells of the Earth. The dermal sheath is stored in singing words. The atmosphere is from gases, the hydrosphere is from the water, the lithosphere is from the mountains, the biosphere is from the living speech. Skin was seen from them okremo, so it’s so simple to learn about our planet. But in the nature of the shell, it’s not out of sight, but in conjunction with one another.

The earth's shells mutually penetrate one into one and exchange themselves with words. In both water and water, for example, there are solid particles that enter the atmosphere and hydrosphere when volcanoes are overwhelmed or flooded from the earth's surface with water. Near the lithosphere, in its own heart, the presence of food and water. Moving from one shell to one, the speeches in the end bag turn into the cob shell. So, in nature, there is a versatile circulation of words.

To guide the exchange of words between the shells of the Earth.

Store the scheme "Vzaєmodiya obonok Zemli"

Vpryuyut earth shells one on one. For example, vіtri, wіnіkayut in the atmosphere, tаkе sea flows, transferring the vologue from some districts іnshі. Warm and cold flows are poured into the temperature of the water. Under the inflowing waters, the hydrosphere razchinyayayutsya and races girski rocks, change the surface. The growth of the mineral speech enters the warehouse of living organisms that inhabit the shells of the Earth. If the organisms recover, the siege of the girski breed is established from the surplus earth measles... (Guide them and put together the shells of the Earth.)

In such a rank, between the shells of the Earth, there is a senseless, flexible, visible and invisible sounds. The link between the yak and the thread is to unite around the shell in one whole - the geographic shell.

The geographic shell is a special shell of the Earth, in which the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere flow and change.

The deyaki of the shell enter the geographic shell as a whole (hydrosphere and biosphere), and іnshі - it is only chastkovo. So, the geographic envelope includes not the entire lithosphere, but only the upper part, near the atmosphere, navpaki, only the lower balls.

The exact boundaries of the geographic envelope are important. Conduct the upper joke at a height of 20-25 km. Here, the ball is re-wrapped to ozone, which protects the living organisms from the mouthful for them Sontsya. Foldable visibility of the lower border. The geographic shell includes the upper part of the lithosphere. Ale to what kind of glibini? As long as the sign of the geographic envelope is the appearance of life, then the lower boundary passes in the balls of the lithosphere at a depth of 5 km, and in the naphtha strata live bacteria appear. Mozhlivo, with the growth of human knowledge about the Earth, the lower boundary will be carried out glibshe.

In such a rank, the middle zone of the geographic envelope is close to 40 km. Tweak it with the dimensions of the Earth, and you reconnect, it’s even thinner.

Guess how the ancient atmosphere of the Earth was seen behind the gas warehouse? Equivalently how many rose plants in the biosphere of living organisms? De oh the best?

The geographic shell is past and present. The geographic envelope was formed step by step as a result of the tricky and folding interconnection of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. In її development you can see 3 main stages.

Step of the development of GEOGRAPHIC OBOLONKI

stage	hour	Main podії
geological	4.5-4 billion rockets - 570 million rockets to that	Formation of earth measles; podil the earth's surface to the continents and oceanic depressions; the discovery of the atmosphere and hydrosphere; birth and development of life in the oceans
biological	570 million Rockiv - 40 yew. Rock_v that	Osvita ozone ball; the formation of the current atmosphere of the hydrosphere; development of life on land; education of the biosphere and soil
anthropogenic	40 yew. Fatal to that - nini	The appearance of a bitch people, the growth of yogo into the nature

For the formation and development of the geographic envelope, a large amount of energy is required. Are you going to get the stars? There are two of them. A great part of the energy comes from Sontsya. Tse the main movement of all natural processes. Inshe dzherelo is the internal warmth of the Earth.

The uniqueness of the geographic envelope. The geographic shell is even thinner. Ale її role on the planet doesn’t start in size. Just wash it for life. Himself in my life and the Lord Lyudin. There are no small shells on the same planet sleep system And it is possible, and in all our Galaxy.

The geographic sheath is folded down tightly. You also know that it is not uniform along the vertical. In the case of gas-like, wild and solid speeches, there is a clear consistency: what is more, what is more, what is more.

The geographic shell is not uniform and horizontal. It will be stored in large-scale territorial complexes.

III ... Closing: At the end of the lesson, I prepared a food for you about the natural zones of the Earth:

2. The trees of the whole zone are so small that the crowns appear below the droplets of the big mushrooms and birch trees, which are here and there, and in the spring, as it seems, I want a slanting mow. Dwarf birches and dwarf willows, evergreen dwarf yalivets and dwarf cedar knew their lucrative midway through the single flora of the central zone, so there were about 500 species of wild roses. Wee, zychastno, guessed, what about the zone?

3. Stovbur tsiy the most majestic tree on Earth can be reached at a height of 100 m and more, and in diameter - 6-10 m, if you want one more modern poppy. Lives up to 2000 rockyv, and sometimes there are examples of up to 4000 rockyv. Name the tree and say, de yogo fatherland.

4. Tsei divovyzhny rіdkіsniy lis, appearing in the barrens of the Caspian and Aral seas, in an absolutely waterless land with dry rocky soil, brightly filled with salts, recently became aware of the protection of the state. It’s freezing cold here, and a drop of reddish drops on the board, without getting up to fall on the ground, vaping like a strong spice. Riznitsya between winter and summer temperatures are below 90 °. І in such minds on an area of 30,000 hectares, forest growth. What about the fox? Do you know about new?

5. About the regularity of the geographic envelope of the Earth to go to the whole urivka from A. Pushkin's verse "Caucasus"?

Caucasus from me.

One in the temple

I am standing over the snigas at the edge of the yaruga;

The eagle, from the distance, having risen to the top,

Shiryak is unruly for me.

From now on I bach the streams of the people

First of all the dreadful collapses of the rukh.

Here frowns humbly go along with me;

Kryz them, falling, to rustle the watershed;

Behind them are steep the gols of the bulk;

There, below, there is thin moss, dry chagarnik;

And there are already gays, green blue,

Deer chirp, deer jump.

VIDPOVIDI

1.A. Fidler, writing about the Amazons tropical forests... Tsі lіsi is characterized by a rich and versatile species warehouse of trees. Oh, there may be a hundred storms intertwined with lians, on which beautiful orchids are released. Here you can see the performances of the majestic, like birds, snowstorms, and creepy ones, like komakhs, birdies of colibri. All the same, she is still hostile to the human being, she has been eating for the first time in the Amazon fox. And at the same hour there is a terrible spec, a stifling sire of gruesomeness, gnawing vile, muras and terms, there is a great number of out-of-the-box, uncomfortable middles of snakes, as they strive to press you. A lot of trees and growing lines see shkidliv, mouthful smells for people. Tom, in tsikh foxes, people do not feel good about perebuvati.

2. Tundra. Unimportant on their dwarf growths (no more than 10-12 cm), trees here do not give up for any kind of trees, growing for every day from zones and leaves. The stench got worn out in such suvoric minds of life: even short, colder summer, trivial, little snow, suvor winter, even a small ball to the ground, which does not allow the root to penetrate into the ground, so as the frost day is close, short summer season - tsіlu dobu.

3. The giant sequoiadendron, or the Mammoth tree, is one of the most popular and most popular trees in the world. Batkivshchyna yogo є California (USA).

4. Tse saxaulovy forest in the zone of napivustel of Middle Asia. Talking about new things, it’s a goal without stovburiv, without leaf and needles, without tini. Actually, the segments of the grass and the leaves of the saxaul in the viglyad are the lobster and the humps do not give tini. Ale itself is such a lis, stretching out the table, having felt the old Bukhara, streaming the attack on it. Until then, it is possible to add, but a tree cannot be rafted, it is impossible to build anything from them, it cannot be sawed and rubbed with a saw. However, the trees are even easier to break, and the stench is more beautiful than the village in the light, as well as the calorific value of the calories of the bagatoch varieties of brown wood. At the same time, there is a natural branch fall in the whole forest. The root of the saxaulu is 20 m deep, on which a water-bearing ball grows, the stench is even more and more powerful, 20-30 times overturning the mass of the ground part of the roseline. The stench will help the tree mintally bury itself on the rich ground natural minds... Korenev's grip, zavdyaki yaku saxaul with moisture from such a clay water, 20-50 times changing the root grip of greater growths and reaching up to 100 atmospheres.

5. About the height of the waist.

IV . Home zavdannya: § 52-53.

1. Yake budova (warehouse and interconnection with components) geographic shell?

Geographic obolonka vivcha science geography.

The geographic shell is a foldable statement, which occurred during the interaction and interaction of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.

The hydrosphere and the biosphere are included in the geographic envelope on a higher basis, and the lithosphere and the atmosphere are only partly part of it (the lithosphere has its upper part, and the atmosphere - its lower part). The interaction of geospheres in the geographic region of the world is being considered as a source of energy from the Earth and the internal energy of the Earth.

2. What are the powers of attracting only geographic obolonts? The vzaimodyya of different geospheres in the vastness of the geographic envelope to produce before that, there is a number of powers that are not the volodya dermal sphere of okremo. For example, three beds of speech - solid, small and gas-like - can only be in the boundaries of the geographic envelope. For one of the reasons why life itself was born and developed in geographic obolontsia, a human being appeared. Lyudin's words for his life are victorious speeches of all spheres. On the lithosphere there is a place and one of the most populated areas, the upper part of the lithosphere is transformed into the ground.

3. What is the geographic obolonka for? The geographic envelope to the general statements, and the change of one of the parts (for example, one of the geospheres) is unequivocally recognized in the country of the first parts. Water should be entered before the warehouse, and after all, in one's own room, it is in the water. І water and occasionally to be found in the lithosphere and at the same time from the biosphere receive the establishment of such a special natural component, such as soil, which is necessary for the growth of roses. Roslin, in her own heart, vikoristovatsya people and creatures. We have found the power of the geographic envelope є the circulation of speech and energy.

We also learned about the cycle of water in nature and the cycle. povitryan mas... Much more significant for life on Earth is the biological cycle. From a series of sleepy exchanges in green dewlines from water and carbon dioxide, a new organic speech is established. Tsya speech is to serve as a living organism for living organisms, as it is alive, it is drilled into the ground, and the life of green roses is produced, and it is given a mineral speech. The whole biological circulation of speech and energy lies in the basis of the life of all living things. At the same time, the new circulation of the skin is perceived in advance of the fact that it is more organic speech, it is less involved. This is how the progressive collapse is brought about until the development of the biosphere and the other spheres of the geographic envelope. At the same time, the geographic shell as a whole changes and develops with its storage parts.

4. Make a statement about the role of the skin component in the life of nature. In order to start before the visit, you need to know exactly what the natural components are. Natural components - the center of what the geosphere is built for, which, in the course of interaction, create a geographic shell (for example, the lithosphere is stored from the geosphere and the minerals; the hydrosphere is from the water; the atmosphere is from the water; the biosphere is from the growth, the mushroom)

The role of such components of nature is clear, as is the breed and minerals. Tsі components store the lithosphere. The stench should enter before the storehouse of all cinnamon copalins and the basis for setting the ground. Girski breeds and minerals store the upper, solid part of the lithosphere - the earth's crust, which is the basis of all life processes that are brought to the Earth. Girly breeds and minerals vikoristovuyut in the quality of educational materials; stink to serve as a guide for the weekends of the week.

On the ts_y side of the party they whispered:

as the powers that be attached only to the geographic obolonts
Budov and the power of the geographic envelope
yake budova warehouse and interaction with components
to write a statement about the role of the skin component in the life of nature
talk about the role of the skin component in the life of nature

Entry

1. Geographic shell as a material system

Razriv between the kintsevoy and the cob stages of the circuit will set the vector of a straight snake, so that it will develop.

The basis of all cycles in nature є migration and re-development chemical elements... The health of the elements before the migration to lie in the form of decay.

The following order of migration is: water> pink> carbon> nitrogen. I will show you how fast atoms of elements can enter into chemistry. It is very active O 2, which means that there is a migration of large elements.

The step of collapse of water migrants is not expected to be explained by the authorities. There are a few reasons. I will weaken the migration of elements of chasing by organisms in the course of biological accumulation, chasing by soil coloids, so that the processes of adsorption (Latin - chasing) and precipitation. To increase the efficiency of the process of mineralization organic spoluk, Development and desorption (process, reverse adsorption).

3. Basic laws of geographic envelope: unity and integrity of the system, rhythm of manifestations, zonality, Azonal

The law, as written by V.I. Lenin day geographic manifestations I have no nature, no day, for example, social or chemistry, that is, there are no more geographic objects vistupayut yak specific laws of geographic form ruhu.

geographic form It is the specific interaction between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, on the basis of how to establish and understand all the differences of natural complexes.

So,the integrity of the geographic envelope - the knowledge of which is the basis of the theory and practice of a modern rational nature conservation. Vrahuvannya of the general laws of permissiveness to the transmission of possible changes in the nature of the Earth (the change of one of the components of the geographic envelope is bound to become more viscous to the change of the others); date geographic forecast of possible results in the flow of people into nature; zd_sniti geographic examination of the projects, connected with the state vicarious houses of quiet chi іnshikh territories.

The geographic oblontsi of the entice and insha is characterized by a regularity -rhythm of development , That is, repetition in the hour of quiet appearances. In the nature of the Earth, the rhythms of trivial triviality have evolved - dobovy and іchny, intra-century and super-century rhythms. Dobova rhythm, like vidomo, is surrounded by the wraps of the Earth around its axis. A good rhythm is manifested in the change of temperature, in the grip of food, coldness, strength in weather; in the manifestations of high tides and waves in the seas and oceans, the circulation of breezes, the processes of photosynthesis in roslin, pre-biorhythms of creatures and people.

Richna rhythm is the result of the Earth's crumbling in orbit around Sontsya. The price of a change in the rock, changes in the intensity of the soil-improvement and destruction of the ground, the seasonal specialness in the development of the versatility and state-of-the-art activity of the people. Tsikavo, so the growing landscapes of the planet will volody with a good, good and rhythmic rhythm. So, the rhythm of the rhythm is most beautifully twisted in outside latitudes and even weakly - in the equatorial belt.

Great practical interest is represented by vivchennya and more trivial rhythms: 11-12 rock, 22-23 rock, 80-90 rock half of 1850 rock and more trivial ale, unfortunately, the stench left the men of the marriage, no more rhythm.

characteristic rice Differentiation (spacious heterogeneity, subdivision) GO є zonality (a form of spacious regularity of growth), so that the change of all geographic components and complexes in latitude, from the point of view to the poles, is natural. The main reasons for the zoning are the swelling of the Earth, which is laid by the Earth by the Sontsya, - the fall of sleepy exchanges to the earth's surface along the way, step by step changing in the offense of the side as the eq.

The belts (in the general latitudinal physical-geographic development) are connected to the radio, either sleepy illumination or heat, or climatic, geographic. The radio belt will start to come up to the sleepy radio, naturally from low to high latitudes.

For the formation of thermal (geographic) zones, it is not only important to look for a sleepy radio, but the power of the atmosphere (chasing, visualization, development of interchange energy), albedo of green surfaces due to heat transfer from the sea. The cordoni of thermal belts cannot be combined in parallel. - 13 climatic or thermal zones.

A geographic zone is a combination of landscapes in one geographic zone.

mezhi f geographic zonesWe start to receive warmth and health care. It is possible to accumulate as a result of some radioactivity, and also as a result of a number of vologues at the sight of fallen and runoff, which are not often tied to latitude. The axis of what zone does not fit without perervnyh smog, і protyannya їkh bridovzh parallels shvidshe okremiy vipadok, nіzh zalny law.

Vidkrittya V.V. We bother("Russian black earth, 1883) geographic zones as the most common natural complexes have been one of the greatest pods in the history of geographic science. .NS.

In geographic obolontsi, in addition to zonal processes, connected with the growth of sleepy heat on the earth's surface, processes are of great importance. azonal , How to lie down through the processes, how to go through the middle of the Earth 4 ... Їх dzherelami є: energy radioactive drop, The leading rank of uranium and torii, the energy of gravitational differentiation, how to rotate in the process of the rapid radius of the Earth when the Earth is wrapped, the energy of tidal rubbing, the energy of the interconnections.

Azonal flow into the geographic shell is manifested in the formEastern geographic zonesIn the mountains, it is possible to destroy the latitudinal geographic zonality, and in the sub-geographic zones into sectors, and zones - in provinces.

The formation of sectors and provinces in landscapes can be explained by three reasons: a) the rise of the land and the sea, b) the relief of the green surface, c) the warehouse of the land.

The rise of land and sea in the Azonal processes of civil defense is recognized through the step of continental climate. There are a few methods for determining the level of continental climate. Most of these steps start through the range of mid-thousand temperatures.

Influencing the relafu, the unevenness of the earth's surface and the warehouse of girly rocks on the landscape of the home and intelligence: on the same and the most latitude in the mountains and on the plains and the steppe; from the moraine and karst landscapes, tied in a hiking area with a warehouse of girskikh species.

4. Differentiation of the geographic envelope. Geographic belts and natural zones

Most zonal branches or geographic envelopes -geographic belts . The stench is prone to, as a rule, in the latitudinal direction i, on the day, climatic belts... Geographic zones are based on one type of temperature characteristics, as well as on the main features of the circulation of the atmosphere. On land, there are offensive geographic belts:

ekvatorialny - zagalny for pivnіchno and pіvedennoy pіvkul;

subquatorial, tropical, subtropical і pomirny - in the skin;

subantarctic i antarctic belts- in the new period.

Analogous for the names of the belt appeared in the Holy Ocean. The clarity (zonality) in the ocean is seen in the change from the adequate to the poles of the power of the surface waters (temperature, salinity, penetration, intensity of growth and storage), as well as in the flora.

In the middle geographic zones for heat retention and vology is seennatural zones ... Name the data zones according to the type of height that is important in them. For example, in subarctic belt tse zoni tundri і lisotundri; in the world - zones of leaves (taiga, green coniferous-broad-leaved and broad-leaved leaves), zones of forest-steppe and steppes, such as willow-leaf and heath-tree.

Like a mother on respect, in connection with the heterogeneous nature of the earth's surface, close and outward to the ocean (and also, the heterogeneous nature of the disturbance) of the natural zones of the wider regions The odd stink may be more meridionally straight. Heterogeneous and natural zones, which stretch latitudinally across the entire continent. The stench is divided into three branches, related to the central inner continental and two oceanic sectors. Latitude, or even horizontal, the zonality is most beautifully turned on the great ravines beyond the area.

The managers of the minds of the minds, created by the landscape, waters, climates and lives, the landscape sphere is vastly differentiated more strongly, lower from the outer and inner geospheres (the uppermost part of the earth), the same

The inconsistency of the development of the geographic envelope in the open space turns to the front at the openings of horizontal zoning andlumbarity.Miscellaneous specialties (think about the exposition, bar'erna role of ridges, steps towards the distance to the oceans, specifics of development organic light in the same region of Z.) to accelerate the structure of the geographic envelope, to adopt the azonal, intrazonal, provincial ideas and to create to the unrepeatable level of both regions, and so on.

5. Frequency explanation of gir in children geographic zones

whimsical explanation the landscape is zoomed in with a wrinkle climate at the height: a decrease in temperature by 0.6 ° C on the skin by 100 m and a decrease in the number of fallen to a singing height (up to 2-3 km) 5 ... The change of belts in the mountains is seen in the same end as on the plains in Russia from the point of view to the poles. However, in the mountains, there is a special belt of subalpine and alpine meadows, which are dumb on the plains. The number of altitudinal belts to be deposited as a number of weights and features geographical position... Chim vishche burn and chim nearer the stench roztashovani to ekvatore, timid they have a wide range (set) of hanging belts. The spectrum of the upper belts in the mountains is also the starting point for gir system close to the ocean. In the mountains, near the ocean, there are loads of forest belts; in the inner continental (arid) sectors of the continent, there are characteristic without hanging belts.

6. Physical geography region is one of the most important problems of physical geography. The system of taxonomic units in physical geography

The area is a universal method of ordering and systematization of territorial systems. geography... About the physical and geographical, landscape, region, specific (individual) geosystems of the regional level, or the physical and geographical regions. Physical-geographic region is a folding system, which is a collapsible system, which includes the geographic and internal complexities of the lower parts of the world, as a

Physical-geographic regions represent the whole territorial massif, displayed on the map by one contour and may be named; when classifying it in one group (type, class, species), one can escape the landscape of the territory of the region, on the map the stench is often represented by torn contours.

The Kozhen physical-geographic region is the Lanka of the folding geographic system, being a structural unit of regions of higher ranks and integration of geosystems of lower ranks.

Physical-geographic district practical valueі to know the provision for a comprehensive development і assessment of natural resources, in the development of plans for the development of the government, great meliorative projects, etc.

In the instructions for the district, the main respect comes from the systems of taxonomic units. This system presupposes a change of principles, which are guilty to serve as the basis for diagnostics of regions. Among them, most often the principle of activity, territorial integrity, complexity, uniformity, genetic unity, together with zonal and azonal factors, is guessed.

Formation of physical and geographical regions is a trivial process. The skin region is a product of historical (paleogeographic) development, in the course of any change in the interaction of different regional-forming factors, and it could change and change over and over again.

You can talk about the two first and second rows of physical and geographical regions - zonal and azonal. Logical ordering between regional taxa of different ranks in the middle of the skin row.

All types of schemes of the physical and geographical area are prompted for the noble principle, more zonal and azonal units are seen independently.

It is possible to identify three main areas of the region in terms of fallowness in terms of detail, so that it is in the final (lower) stage:

1) the first rіven, including the land, zones and stagnate on the old zones in the vuzku sense of the word;

2) other level includes the rest of the stages of the region, sub-provinces and old ones, ending sub-provinces;

3) the third level will hunt the entire system of sprouts up to the landscape, inclusive.

visnovok

In such a rank, from the geographic envelope of the mind, the uninterrupted envelope of the Earth, which includes the lower spheres of the atmosphere, the upper part of the lithosphere, the entire hydrosphere and the biosphere, can be found in the hinterland, interpenetrating. Once again, it is admirable that the geographic obolonka is a whole planetary (most) natural complex.

Bagato vchenikh vvazhayut, that the geographic envelope becomes in the middle 55 km. At the same time, the earth has a thin layer of water.

The geographic envelope can be ruled by only the most powerful authorities:

a) in niy є life (living organisms);

b) speeches are located in a solid, raw and gas-like mill;

c) in niy іsnu and develop human suspension;

d) їy premeditated zagalny laws of development.

The integrity of the geographic envelope is the interconnection and interconnection of the components. The proof of the integrity is a simple fact - the change of one component will inevitably pull the change of the others.

All the components of the geographic envelope are tied in a single purpose for the additional circulation of speech and energy, for the purpose of how to work and exchange between the envelopes (spheres). Rhythm is characteristic of animate and inanimate nature. People, mozhlno, not up to the point of vivchil the rhythm of the geographic shell.

Nutrition, taken from the introduced, displayed, meta robots reached.

List of Literature

1 Kalesnik S.V. Zagalny geographic laws of the Earth. - M .: 1970, 8s.

2 Ryabchikov A.M. The structure and dynamics of the geosphere, natural development and change by people. -M.: 2001.14s.

3 Physical geography of continents and oceans: Navchalny posibnik/ Ed. A.M. Ryabchikova. - M .: Vishcha school, 2002. - 592 p.

4 Parmuzin Yu.P., Karpov G.V. Dictionary of physical geography. - M .: Education, 2003 - 367 p.

5 Grigor'ev A.A. Dosvid of the analytical characteristics of the warehouse and of the physical and geographical shell of the earthly body - M.: 1997 - 387s

Rozdil III. GEOGRAPHIC OBOLONKA 3 years

Lesson No. 32 What is the geographic oblonka. Features of the geographic envelope of the Territorial Complex

tsіlі: scholarships nazivati warehouses parts of the geographic envelope; direct the butt of the Earth's shells to the geographic regions;

Scientific guilt: to describe the stage of development of the geographic envelope; explain the uniqueness of the geographic envelope.

ustatkuvannya

XID LESSON

I ... Organizational moment... Good day, lads!

- Guess what is the cycle of speech in nature?

- From the whirlpools of what kind of speeches you know?

II. Vivchennya new material

- To guide the exchange of words between the shells of the Earth.

- Warehouse the scheme "Vzaєmodіya obonok Zemli"

	atmosphere

hydrosphere		lithosphere

	biosphere

Vpryuyut earth shells one on one. For example, vіtri, wіnіkayut in the atmosphere, tаkе sea flows, transferring the vologue from some districts іnshі. Warm and cold flows are poured into the temperature of the water. Under the inflowing waters, the hydrosphere razchinyayayutsya and races girski rocks, change the surface. The growth of the mineral speech enters the warehouse of living organisms that inhabit the shells of the Earth. If organisms recover, siege of earthly measles is established from surplus. (Guide them and put together the shells of the Earth.)

The geographic shell is a special shell of the Earth, in which the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere flow and change.
The deyaki of the shell enter the geographic shell as a whole (hydrosphere and biosphere), and іnshі - it is only chastkovo. So, the geographic envelope includes not the entire lithosphere, but only the upper part, near the atmosphere, navpaki, only the lower balls.

In such a rank, the middle zone of the geographic envelope is close to 40 km. Tweak it with the dimensions of the Earth, and you reconnect, it’s even thinner.

Guess how the ancient atmosphere of the Earth was seen behind the gas warehouse? Equivalently how many rose plants in the biosphere of living organisms? De oh the best?

Step of the development of GEOGRAPHIC OBOLONKI

stage	hour	Main podії
geological	4.5 - 4 billion rockets - 570 million rockets to that	Formation of earth measles; podil the earth's surface to the continents and oceanic depressions; the discovery of the atmosphere and hydrosphere; birth and development of life in the oceans
biological	570 million Rockiv - 40 yew. Rock_v that	Osvita ozone ball; the formation of the current atmosphere of the hydrosphere; development of life on land; education of the biosphere and soil
anthropogenic	40 yew. Fatal to that - nini	The appearance of a bitch people, the growth of yogo into the nature

The uniqueness of the geographic envelope. The geographic shell is even thinner. Ale її role on the planet doesn’t start in size. Just wash it for life. Himself in my life and the Lord Lyudin. There are no such shells on the same planet of the Sleeping System, and perhaps even in all of our Galaxy.

The geographic shell is not uniform and horizontal. It will be stored in large-scale territorial complexes.

III ... closure: Happy for the end of the lesson, I prepared a food for you about the natural zones of the Earth:

1. Polish scholarship and writer A. Fidler, having written about the foxes one of the soil-tall zones of the Earth: , I think, I’ve spent some time in heaven, and on the last day, if I’m on the edge of madness, I won’t nareshty, because of the “green hell”. About what kind of lis id mova? To what?
2. The trees of the whole zone are so small that the crowns appear below the droplets of the big mushrooms and birch trees, which are here and there, and in the spring, as it seems, I want a slanting mow. Dwarf birches and dwarf willows, evergreen dwarf yalivets and dwarf cedar knew their lucrative midway through the single flora of the central zone, so there were about 500 species of wild roses. Wee, zychastno, guessed, what about the zone?

5. About the regularity of the geographic envelope of the Earth to go to the whole urivka from A. Pushkin's verse "Caucasus"?

Caucasus from me.

One in the temple

I am standing over the snigas at the edge of the yaruga;

The eagle, from the distance, having risen to the top,

Shiryak is unruly for me.

From now on I bach the streams of the people

First of all the dreadful collapses of the rukh.

Here frowns humbly go along with me;

Kryz them, falling, to rustle the watershed;

Behind them are steep the gols of the bulk;

There, below, there is thin moss, dry chagarnik;

And there are already gays, green blue,

Deer chirp, deer jump.

VIDPOVIDI

1. A. Fidler, writing about the Amazonian tropical forests. Tsі lіsi is characterized by a rich and versatile species warehouse of trees. Oh, there may be a hundred storms intertwined with lians, on which beautiful orchids are released. Here you can see the performances of the majestic, like birds, snowstorms, and creepy ones, like komakhs, birdies of colibri. All the same, she is still hostile to the human being, she has been eating for the first time in the Amazon fox. And at the same hour there is a terrible spec, a stifling sire of gruesomeness, gnawing vile, muras and terms, there is a great number of out-of-the-box, uncomfortable middles of snakes, as they strive to press you. A lot of trees and growing lines see shkidliv, mouthful smells for people. Tom, in tsikh foxes, people do not feel good about perebuvati.

3. The giant sequoiadendron, or the Mammoth tree, is one of the most popular and most popular trees in the world. Batkivshchyna yogo є California (USA).

4. Tse saxaulovy forest in the zone of napivustel of Middle Asia. Talking about new things, it’s a goal without stovburiv, without leaf and needles, without tini. Actually, the segments of the grass and the leaves of the saxaul in the viglyad are the lobster and the humps do not give tini. Ale itself is such a lis, stretching out the table, having felt the old Bukhara, streaming the attack on it. Until then, it is possible to add, but a tree cannot be rafted, it is impossible to build anything from them, it cannot be sawed and rubbed with a saw. However, the trees are even easier to break, and the stench is more beautiful than the village in the light, as well as the calorific value of the calories of the bagatoch varieties of brown wood. At the same time, there is a natural branch fall in the whole forest. The root of the saxaulu is 20 m deep, on which a water-bearing ball grows, the stench is even more and more powerful, 20-30 times overturning the mass of the ground part of the roseline. The stench will help the tree mintly bury itself on the nutritious ground, empty and see in such folding natural minds. Korenev's grip, zavdyaki yaku saxaul with moisture from such a clay water, 20-50 times changing the root grip of greater growths and reaching up to 100 atmospheres.

5. About the height of the waist.

IV ... Homework: § 52-53

Lesson number 33 Vision and description of natural territorial complexes

tsіlі: accredited: nazivati components of natural and natural-state-owned territorial complexes; bring the butt of the interconnection between the components in the territorial complexes;

Scientific guilt: describe the developmental complex; explaining the latitudinal zonality and vertical zonality.

ustatkuvannya: thermometers for soil and soil, spade shovels, line, olivtsi, polovy schodenniki.

XID LESSON

I... Organizational moment. Good day, lads! In the next lessons, we learned about the natural complexes. Our current staff will be able to correctly describe them.

II... Vivchennya new material. Excursion.

Hlopsi, guess, I'm also alive and not nature is alive?

Why should the amount of sleepy warmth change when Russia is from the point of view to the poles?

There is also a territorial complex.

All the majestic surface earthly land to be stored from deserted children: continents and oceans, leaves and bolites, fields and places. From the point of view of geography, all those who are of the same magnitude of the earth's surface are born. Geographers call them territories.

Territory - the price of the surface of the Earth with the effort to be on the new one.

Let's be surprised at the new territory. The picture, yaku mi poachimo, can be nice. Alle nearerly, from the outlook, we can see the parts - components. The whole life and inanimate nature of nature: food, wild breeds, water, dews and creatures. And it is not just natural spirit that we will feel. There are a lot of components in the territory of people: booths and roads, rowing and aerodrome.

After all, the surrounding parts and appearances, which form a single whole, are called a complex. For geography, one goal is a center. All the development of new components (both natural and human), mutually modifying them, set up territorial complexes.

In quiet parts of the Earth, de nature is not enraged by the divine people, the territorial complexes contain only natural components. This is called natural territorial complexes. It's not a simple set of components. You already know how the smell of borrowing and constantly exchanging cheeky words, With water and energy. There, de facto people changed the nature, the natural-state territorial complexes were established (Fig. 180). Components, which are human, also interconnect with natural components. A high level of growth, the asphalt does not allow hair to penetrate into the ground, overshooting the growth of growth. At your own house, flowing water can open roads and foundations.

The skin territorial complex has its own particularity and develops as a single organism. As it changes one component, it changes all of them, as well as the whole complex as a whole.

In the course of history, you know how to play a role in life ancient Egypt grala rychka Nil. It wasn’t just that they brought the rosy mule to the floodplain, but they washed the soil, seeing the growth of salt. If the majestic rowing was prompted on the Nіlі Bula and the great water supply was established, the men were forced to do it. I stopped coming to the fields, and the soil itself is saline. People can not be more viral on the wall of the price of a rose line. The water supply itself has set up a good mind for the propagation of painter mosquitoes. Ale not only the little richer suffered but the people of her. Changing hopefulness of lively speeches with the waters of the Nilu in the Seredzemne sea. Tse called for a decrease in the number of plankton and the number of bagatokh marine organisms.

Diversification of territorial complexes. It is not only the components on the singing territories that are tied together, but the very territorial complexes. The stench of "splitting" around oneself for the help of the wind, sea flowsі rychok, how to raise the price of creatures and people.

Three small territories, like z tseglinok, are great. The largest territorial complex is a geographic obolonka. Vona is uninterrupted and will hunt the whole Earth as a whole. The geographic shell is located on the complexes of a smaller size: continents and oceans, rivers and mountains, pagorites and riverside valleys, etc.

The natural zone is a part of the geographic envelope, as it is seen from the other parts by the peculiarities of temperature, moisture, soil, dewy and food light.

The names of natural zones are given according to the type of connection that is important in them: zoni ekvatorialnyh lisiv, Savan, stepiv and T. D.

The main reason for the incidence of natural zones is the uneven heat dissipation on the surface of the Earth. Oskіlki yogo kіlkіst change in Russia from the adequate to the poles, natural zones and change one in the same straight. Tsya zmіna of natural zones is called latitudinal zonality. However, the zones do not fluctuate only in latitude. In the mountains, in the mountains, the stench also changes one by one, as the temperature and the number of fallen falls. Vertical zmіna of natural zones is called vertical explanation.

There is a lot of knowledge and practice being carried out. Behind the compasses, students are taught, in every direction from the school, and the way of doing things.

On the basis of scientific knowledge, it means: the nature of the surface, which is irregularity, which is strongly and in the direction of which the weight is wicked, but rather weakly hangs and warms up the surface with sleepy interchanges, which can be added to the program.

For an additional thermometer, the temperature of the surface of the ball and the ground is significant. On natural views, vivity is stored in a mass, in the sense of the appearance of sand, clay, mule. Behind the help of the reader, the growth of the visnovok: the character of the marrow of the mice, the kind of foldable breeds.

For vivchennya soil virity hole 40-50 cm. look at the surplus organic speeches(Root, surplus of roslin and tvarin) Slightly wetting the breast in the soil, there is a mechanical warehouse.

Pislya vivchennya ґruntіv start to know about the tall formations: describe the peculiarities of the warehouse of the height in the fallowness of the position of the dilyanka.

Describe the peculiarities of the food light on the small dishes.

For the appearance of the sounds, that there is a sense of nature, respect for the particularity of the soil has been respected, which can be explained by the warehouse of the mother's girder breed (soup, loam, food, clay), the growth of the characteristic and warmth The insight into the tall and warm light of transmission is not the style of the memory of the name of the species, but an explanation of why the stench settled in the minds and how it was infused on the other components in the natural complex. The price of visibility may be overwhelmed with the unprecedented participation and credibility of the reader.

The Polish friend for the natural skin complex has been responsible for scrutinizing records.

At the end I will describe natural complex uchni vіdznachayut gospodarske victoriannya vivchenykh dilyanok.

The class is divided into 3 groups for carrying out the tour to one of the points of the excursion route.

Polish spring excursion

Date ___________________________________________________________________

Weather on the day of the excursion:

T ______________________________________________________________________

viter ___________________________________________________________________

badness ______________________________________________________________

fall off __________________________________________________________________

Directly to the ruku from the school ___________________________________________

relєf mistsya:

A) zagalny viglyad ____________________________________________________________

B) surface forms ____________________________________________________

C) grabbed rivers (height, steepness) on a birch tree.

Priming ____________________________________________________________________

describe the little girls:

A) the rush of yaky rychki _______________________________________________________

B) width ________________________________________________________________

C) glybin ________________________________________________________________

D) liquidity of the leak _________________________________________________________

E) t drive ________________________________________________________________

E) the vision of the water ______________________________________________________

G) the nature of the banks _______________________________________________________

Yak lyudin vikoristovuє mistsevist in the region of excursions?_________________________

Yak protecting nature? _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

III. Delivery of pidsumkiv.

Polovі schodenniki are rented out to the reader for a change.

IV... Homework:§ 54

Lesson №34 The interaction of people and nature. Pidsumkovy lesson on razdilah "Biosphere" and "Geographic Obolonka"

tsіlі:scholarships nazivati vidi gospodarskoy dyyalnosti, which negatively infuse into the biosphere; direct people into the biosphere in your native land.

Scientific guilt: describe the role of the biosphere in the life of people; explain the need to protect the biosphere and warehouse parts.

ustatkuvannya: cards for robots in groups

XID LESSON

I. Organizational moment.

II... Vivchennya new material.

Vstupne word presenters:

- "Vrantsi got up, squeezed in, straightened ... I am guilty to clean up your planet"

"Mi vidpovidaemo for quiet, who was tamed." (Z-A Exuperi "Little Prince").

- It’s easy to see with you, as a human being is in touch with nature, as a wine is infused on it and in which nature is seen by people.

Lyudin is a part of the biosphere. Lyudin cannot live in the pose of nature, and just see it. People are alive and living, and human organism is alive and developing according to biological laws. V found hours people more and more lay down in the biosphere, picking up the growing lines, loving the creatures. Ale and in the bitter light, do not marvel at the gigantic up-to-date people, the fallowness will become even higher. Roslin and creatures, as it was in ancient times, was mostly human. Smell also serve as material for the life of the inhabitants, preparing a paperwork, clothes and a lot of things. Moreover, nature is alive and beneficially infused into the self-esteem of people, by the dzherel of creative natchnenya. Ale Biosfera, do not create a "friendship" for the relationship to the people. Bagato roslin and creatures are scrubbed, deyaki microorganisms wicked not without a problem.

The influx of people into the biosphere will adapt to the world of growth and development of the state. The first people didn’t know the great Škodi biosphere. Oh, there was little, and primitive government did not ruin nature. Suchasno wellness gives people a lot of blessings, but it is more pernicious for the biosphere. Bezpovorotno to know a lot of species of living organisms, to ruin the ground. The areas of the leaves are gradually speeding up. Їх viribuyut with the help of procurement of trees and zvіlnennya territories for the conduct of the Silskoy state dignity.

Blame the people just for the ear of the 17th century. vimerlo 94 species of birds and 63 species of ssavtsiv. Thousands of species of roselin and creatures are found in the middle of the earth. Roslin grows through the fire, the collection of berries, kits and licarsky herbs, vicoshuvannya of herbs and felling of trees. The creatures know through the love on them, the dignity of their adherents for their life.

Gospodarska dіyalnіst of people often ruin the ground. On the slower lineness of the walls and the worn-out home thinness of the ground, the ground seems to be surface waters... With overwhelming germinated watering, the soil becomes unsuitable for vicorian, as it accumulates in them to drive the growth of salt.

The enchantment and bend of the roslin and the creature, the obstruction of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and soil, are affected by the insights of the state's spirit of people. Already close to 10% of species of roselin and a few thousand species of animals and birds will require protection.

For the sake of living nature, come to see the roslin and creature and bring a book to Chervon. V rіznih lands adopt special laws about the protection of the biosphere.

For the sake of preserving the range of types of organisms and all natural spirits, more than 3 thousand new territories have been established in the regions of the world. They have a fence, whether it be the state’s business, people’s cause and tourism are barred.

III. closure

Gra "Geographic fairs

PREPARATION BEFORE GRIE

Scientists zdalegid to unite on the chotiri people in the command. For the dermal іgrovogo table prepared a plate with the name of the topic of nutrition. On all game tables there are atlases for displaying food on maps.

Food can be written on cards, which are transmitted

Until the beginning of the day, it is ready and occasionally distributed between the game tables and the game currency - "GEOGRAPHICA". Schob uniknuti a short development of gris, slid pam'yatati, scho:

1) "penny masa" is guilty of being sufficient to pay for the correct views of all scholars at all game tables (close to 350);

2) “penny masa” cannot be more than “commodity masa” prizes, souvenirs and services, which can be added for “GEOGRAPHICA” on another stage of gris. "GEOGRAFIKA" - while it is correct to view the study on one meal, pay with one "GEOGRAPHIC". Apparently, there is a lot of prizes, gifts and services are guilty of not less than 350 "GEOGRAPHIKA", so that all money earned by the scholars "pennies" could be worthy of them.

It is necessary to set the steps for the "GEOGRAPHIC", so that the power of these children is turned on by unscrupulous participants of the gris. So you can get a signature from one of the organizers of the fair, the friend of the school, the original computer minuscule banknotes.

Hid gri

With a stretch of greetings, it is possible to move around the room, going to the game tables and changing the food. The minds of the Greeks have to pick up two appearances for food at the same game table. For correct answers, the scholars are immediately awarded "GEOGRAPHIC".

Svitovy ocean

1) What is more in the Ocean - Roslin or Tvarin? To what?

2) So also plankton? What kind of organisms do you approve?

3) Who has the minds of living organisms in the Ocean of minds on land?

4) What is the origin of the growth of living organisms in the waters of the Ocean?

5) Is it possible to distribute all creatures to the Ocean on yak groups according to the method of oversubstantiation? Hover butt.

Priming

1) What is the soil? What is your pretense?

2) Do you pour what organisms are alive on the ground?

3) How alive are the organisms present in the ground?

4) What is the origin of the soil's friability?

5) Yakі ґrunti re-weed at our place? Ridiculous stench?

atmosphere

1) What organisms are present in the atmosphere?

2) Is the yak of roslini injected into the atmosphere?

3) In which part of the atmosphere is there the greatest number of living organisms? To what?

4) What are the presence of living organisms in the second school class?

5) Why should I study the skin lesson?

equatorial lis

1) Chim equatorial lis to see from the leaves that grow in our land?

2) Do you know what kind of tropical growth?

3) Show on the map the areas of the Earth, in which there are equal numbers.

4) Razkazhіt about klіmat in the zones of equatorial lisіv.

5) Who are the creatures inhabiting the Equatorial Foxes?

Tropical kestrel

1) Name and show on the map the most tropical light.

2) Name the continents, on some of the tropical wilderness.

3) Yaki climatic mind in the zones of tropical kestrels?

4) Would you like to see the tropical wilderness on the Uzbek Ocean? Yak stink?

5) How did the growls and creatures stick to life in the tropical wilderness?

change lis

1) What is the change in the forest from coniferous?

2) What kind of trees do you handle in the wilderness of our land?

3) How many layers can you see in the smallest forest? Yak roslini perevazhayut in the skin layer?

4) How many birds inhabit the forest?

5) Razkazhіt about klіmat in zonі mіshanikh lіsіv.

Krizana Kestrel

1) Show on the map the regions and the expansion of the Krizhan Kestrel on the Earth.

2) Why can't you see brown copalini in Antarctica?

3) What spіlnogo in tropical and kryzhany kestrels?

4) Are there more organisms living near which part of Antarctica? To what?

5) Yak creatures of the Krizhany Kestrel have crushed to the unfriendly minds?

tundra

1) What is the name of the tundra " natural area, De mushrooms, trees "?

2) Do you know what kind of roslini tundri vi?

3) Why are there trees in the tundra dwarfs?

4) How many creatures inhabit the tundra?

5) What kind of soil in the tundra is not suitable?

Ocean bottom

1) Why is there no roslin at the bottom of the Ocean?

2) What creatures inhabit the bottom of the Ocean on great depths?

3) Why even more richly twarins live on the quiet dilyankas of the bottom, de come out of the hot underground waters?

4) What are the glibokovodny ribs "lichtari" on the head?

5) Why do you have a quick pidyomy glibokovodnoy ribey on the surface of a von guinea?

Comrade Earth

1) Do you have organisms living in the upper reaches?

2) To which Gibini will life expand in comrade Earth?

3) On yak girskikh breeds soil the best?

4) Before what glibini was the Sverdlovina drilled in Russia, was drilled on the Kolsky Piostrov?

5) Yak to bring, what on mіstsі gіr kolis buv Ocean?

Coniferous forest

1) What kind of fox is called coniferous? Overhaul 5 conifers.

2) What are the coniferous fools growing up from the changes?

3) Show on the map the zone of coniferous forests in Russia.

4) Yak creatures bag yak in coniferous, so and in a small fox?

5) Are the soils characteristic of conifers?

IV. Delivery of pidsumkiv.

Scientific exchange of livelihoods "GEOGRAFIKA". Six-graders need to clearly understand that the term "GEOGRAPHIC" ends at the end of the fair day. The following options are transferred to the scholars of earned "pennies":

1) exchange of funds "GEOGRAPHYKA" for a positive assessment of geography: "vidminno" kostu 9 "GEOGRAFIKA", "good" - 7 "GEOGRAFIKA";

2) a look at the video about the nature of the Earth - 6 "GEOGRAPHIC";

3) excursion to the "museum" - a biology room for 5 "Georgians" (in the capacity of a student of the course, one of the senior students);

4) the opportunity to take a photo in the “museum” with one of the “exhibits” of the number of 8 “georgafiks”;

5) taking from the library at the office of geography - 2 "Geography";

6) attaching the right to conduct a lesson in geography in its own class, parallel to one of the younger classes (according to the course "Natural Science") - 10 "GEOGRAPHIC"

V... Homework: go to school lesson