The urge of earthly measles. Great encyclopedia of oil and gas
The continents are molded from the massifs. earth measles, Yaka in tiy chi іnshіy mіrі vistupaє over the river water near the viglyadі land. They shaved the earth measles more than one million rocky rose, zasuvalisya, parts of them crumpled, so to post in that viglyadi, which seems to us at once.
This year I will understand the most and least the strain of earthly measles and the peculiarities of Budovia.
Trochi about our planet
On the ear of the formation of our planet, there were numerous volcanoes, which were seen post-wandering with comets. Only because of the bombardment, the surface of the planet was baked.
In order to make it happen, as soon as our planet came together, it would be empty without water and power. The stars on them took the style of water - to this day it becomes a mystery. Ale not so long ago, on the land of bully viyavleni large reserves lead, perhaps, the stench itself і became the basis of our oceans.
Unfortunately, all the hypotheses about the similarity of our planet and the warehouses are sooner put into practice, not facts. Zgіdno with the firmness of A. Wegener, from the earth, having twisted a thin ball of granite, which, in the Paleozoic era, was transformed into the foremother of Pangea. In the Mesozoic era, Pangea began to grow up in parts, but the continents were gradually added to one kind of one. The Pacific Ocean, standing by Wegener, is a surplus of the primary ocean, and the Atlantic and Indian Ocean looks like a secondary one.
Crust
Earth measles warehouse is practically analogous to the warehouse of our planets sleep system- Venus, Mars and I. The same words served as the basis for all the planets of the Sonyach system. And in recent years, when the Earth is connected with one planet, called Thea, the wicked wicked heavenly til, And from the sight of the splinter, it is Mysyats. I will explain that the Mysyats' mineral warehouse is similar to the warehouse of our planet. Below we can see the earth measles - a map of spheres on land and oceans.
The bark becomes only 1% of the mass of the Earth. It is important to store with silicon, saline, aluminum, acid, water, magnesium, calcium and sodium and more than 78 elements. It is transmitted, that in the porous from the mantle and the core of the Earth's crust - a thin shell and a cry, it is necessary to fold over and over from light rivers. The important words, as geologists say, go down to the center of the planet, and the new ones are in the core.
Budova earthly measles and the map of its verses is presented on the little one below.
Mainland crust
The bark of the Earth has 3 balls, the skin is covered with irregular layers in front of the front. There is a large part of the surface - the whole continental and oceanic regions. The continent will also drain off the shelf, as if the curved vigina pass into the continental cliff (the area of the sub-water edge of the mainland).
The earth's continental crust extends into shari:
1. Siege.
2. Granite.
3. Basalt.
The siege ball is covered with sediments, metamorphic and magmatic rocks. The urge of mainland earthly measles to become the most valuable person. 
Typi mainland earth measles
Sedimentary girskii rocks are bought up, the middle ones are clay, carbonate, volcanogenic girskii rocks and іnshі solid speech. The chain of free sieges, which was formed as a result of quiet natural minds They used to be on Earth earlier. Win allows pre-glorious visitors to work with the drive of the history of our planet.
The granite ball is stored in igneous and metamorphic girskikh breeds, Similar to the granit of their powers. So it’s not just a grant to become another ball of earthly measles, albeit the words behind the warehouse are even similar to it and may be almost analogous. The speed of the latter is the reach of 5.5-6.5 km / s. Store wines from granites, crystalline slates, gneiss, etc.
The basalt ball is stored from the rivers, behind the warehouse of other basalts. Є Bigger in size with a granite ball. Under the basalt ball against the viscous mantle of solid chasm. Mentally, the mantle of measles comes from the Kremlin, so called the border of Mokhorovichich, yak, by the day, razdіlyaє ballroom chemistry warehouse. It is characterized by the rapid growth of the seismic growth rate.
That is a remarkably thin ball of earthly measles є with a crying jumper, as we are seen as a roasted mantle. Tovschina itself is a mantle warehouse in the middle of 3,000 km. At once from the mantle collapse i tectonic plates, Yaki, yak part of the lithosphere, є dilyanka earth measles.
The pressure of the mainland measles is lower. Warehouse up to 35 km. 
The urge of mainland measles
Tovshchina earthly measles vary from 30 to 70 km. If the ball is only 30-40 km away from the plains, then gir systems reachє 70 km. From Gimalayami to the region the ball can reach up to 75 km.
The urge of the mainland earth measles to become from 5 to 80 km and to lay down without a second from the beginning. So, cold ancient platforms (Skhidno-Evropeyska, Sibirska, Zakhidno-Sibirska) may reach a high strain - 40-45 km.
At the same time, the skin has a lot of pressure and labor, as in the other regions of the mainland it can change.
The urge of mainland earth measles to become:
1. Siege ball - 10-15 km.
2. Granite ball - 5-15 km.
3. Basalt ball - 10-35 km. 
Measles temperature Earth
The temperature moves to the world of death in it. It’s important that the core temperature rises to 5,000 C, but the numbers will become clearer, as the type and warehouse of it is still not clear. In the world of dying in the earth's crust, the temperature of the skin rises to 100 m, and the protein figures vary in fallowness from the storehouse of elements and glybin. The oceanic crust of the earth has a higher temperature.
Oceanic crust
In spite of that, the Earth has crept into the ocean itself with a ball of measles, which can be seen to emerge from the mainland ball. Oceanic bark, ymovirno, vinikla from the upper differentiated ball of the mantle, so that behind the warehouse it is even closer to it. The urge of earthly measles of the oceanic type is 5 times less, less the urge of the continental type. At the same time, a warehouse in large and low areas of the seas and oceans, one in one way, is unimportant.
Mainland measles balls
The urge of ocean measles to become:
1. The sphere of oceanic water, the distance of which to become 4 km.
2. The ball is not solid. Warehouse requirement 0.7 km.
3. Sphere, deposits of basalt with carbonate and siliceous rocks. Average toughness - 1.7 km. Wien does not see a lot and is characterized by the defenses of the siege ball. Tsei version of yogo budovi is called suboceanic.
4. Basalt ball, which does not grow out of continental measles. The urge of oceanic earth measles to become 4.2 km in the whole sphere.
A basalt ball of ocean measles in subduction zones (a zone in which one ball of measles is scattered) is transformed into ecology. Oh, the strength of the ceiling, how the stench rises into the measles at a depth of 600 km, and then sinks into the lower mantle.
I’ll look at how the least strain of earth measles spurs on to the oceans and to become only 5-10 km, for a long time I have been thinking about the idea of seeing measles on the ocean, which allowed me to see the interior of the Earth in greater detail. However, the sphere of oceanic earthly measles is even smaller than that of the earth, and until the end of the ocean, the price is still more foldable.
visnovok
Earth's crust, mabut, єiniy ball, reports of vivchions to people. And those axis, which is located under it, are still peaked by geologists. It’s too late to let it go, but one time the glibin of our Earth will not be known.
Entry
In proportion to the size of the earth, the earth's crust has a warehouse of 1/200 of the radius. Ale tsya "plivka" - the best for the Budova and until now, the most mysterious enlightenment of our planet. most special measles in that, you won’t serve as a side-by-side ball between the earthly kule and we will taste space... In this transitional zone between two elements of light - space and speech of the planet - folding physical and chemical processes were gradually seen, and, as a miracle, there were such processes in the meaning of the world.
The main goals of the robot are:
View the main types of earth measles and warehouses;
Visibility of tectonic structure of earth measles;
Look at the mineral warehouse of earth measles and germs.
> Budova and the strain of earth measles
The first announcement of the earth measles was caught by the English physicist W. Gilbert in 1600 r.
The development of cich ids will take place in the ancestors of L. Descartes, G. Leibniz, J. Buffon, M. V. Lomonosov and the best of all, foreign and contemporary. On the ear of the disease of earth measles, bulo orintovane is on the vyvchennya of earth measles of the continents. Therefore, the first measles models imaged the peculiarities of the continental type of Budov and measles.
The term "Earth's crust" buv introductions in geography by the Austrian geologist E. Suess in 1881 (8) I will name the Crimean term of Denmark - Sial, composed of the first letters of the most common elements here - silica (silicium, 26%) and aluminum (aluminum), 7.45%.
In the first half of the 20th century, the revival of Budovi Nadr began to take place at the Victory Day of Seismology and Seismics. Analyzing the nature of the seismic lines to the earthquake in Croatia in 1909, the seismologist A. Mokhorovich, who had already started, saw a seismic cordon clearly stitched on the depths of about 50 km, as the result of the earthquake, on the top of Mokhorovych
In 1925 V. Konrad fixed another surface to the cordon of Mohorovichich another surface of the middle measles, which also rejected the same name - the surface of Konrad, or the surface of K - between the "granite" and "basalt" balls є the heart of Konrad.
Let us cure the bullo, the upper ball of measles is propelled, it is pulled close to 12 km by the "granite ball", and the lower one is 25 km - by the "basalt". There was a persha two-ball model of earth measles budovi. More recently, they allowed to reduce the pressure of measles in the other regions of the continents. Bulo has been established, so in the low-lying areas won to become 35? 45 km, and up to 50? 60 km (the maximum strain of measles is 75 km fixed on Pamiri). Also, B. Gutenberg's bullying of earth measles is called "kornnyam gir".
The bulo is installed as well as the granite ball of the seismic power of 5? 6 km / s, power for grants, and lower - 6? 7 km / s, typical for basalts. The earth's crust, which is stored from granite and basalt spheres, was called consolidated crust, and one more, upper, sedimentary sphere is growing on top of it. How much pressure is there between 0? 5-6 km (the maximum pressure of the siege ball is 20-25 km).
The new croc in the vivchenna budov and the earthly measles of the continents of destruction as a result of the vvadzhennya of the straining vibuch dzherel of the seismic hvil.
In 1954, G.A. The Gamburtsev destructible method is the method of glide seismic sounding (GSZ), allowing the "enlightenment" of the Earth's nadra up to 100 km of glibini.
The seismic preliminaries began to be conducted for special profiles, which made it possible to get rid of the information about the earth measles in Buda without interruption. The seismic exploration was carried out in the coastal zones of the seas and oceans, and on the cob of the 60th rock the global preliminaries were carried out using the method of the bottom of the Svitovoy Ocean. The bulo is scientifically grounded in the statement about the discovery of two principally different types of measles: continental and oceanic.
The materials of the DSZ allowed Radiansky geophysicists (Yu.N. Godin, N.I. Pavlinkova, N.K.Bulin and іn.) To make the announcement about Konrad's showy surface all over the place. Tse bulo confirmed to the burials of the Kola overgrowth of the upper part, but did not open the bottom of the granite ball on the glybin, designated geophysics.
They began to develop an announcement about the development of several surfaces to the type of Conrad's surface, which was not only a changeable warehouse of crystalline rocks, but a growing step in metamorphism. Thought about those in the warehouse of granite and basalt spheres of earth measles my role Grave metamorphic breeds (Yu.N. Godin, I.A.Rezanov, V.V. Belousov and I.).
The improvement in the development of seismic problems was explained by the development of the basic generation and by the great stages of metamorphism. In such a rank, at the warehouse of the "granite" sphere of guilt, there are not only granite species, but the metamorphic breed (such as gneisses, micaceous schists, etc.), which were found from the primary sedimentary deposits. The sphere became nazivati granite-metamorphic, or granite-gneiss. From it, there has been a rise in the abundance of magmatic and sedimentary-metamorphic rocks, storage and phase stan- dards of such physical parameters that are close to those of unimportant granites or granites, so that it is of the order of 2.58? 2.64 g / cm і reservoir fluidity 5.5? 6.3 km / s.
At the warehouse of the "basalt" ball, the appearance of a type of glybocyte (granulite) stage of metamorphism was allowed. Yogo became the name of granulite-basic, granulite-eclogite, and the reason for them is the similarity of magmatic and metamorphosed rocks of the middle, main or close to them warehouse, which may be physical parameters: capacity 2.8? 3.1 g / cm, formation fluidity 6.6? 7.4 km / s. Judging by experimental data, ulamkiv (Xenolith) of clay rocks from vibuhu tubes, the whole ball can be foldable granulomas, gabbroids, basic gneisses and eclogous rocks.
The terms "granite" and "basalt" ball were lost in circulation, they took them in their paws, we made them clever and name them.
The current stage of development of the phenomenon about the future of earthly measles of the continents emerged in the 80s of the last century and is characterized by the roots of the Trisharian model of consolidated measles. Before a number of survivors (N.I. Pavlenkova, I.P. Kosminskaya) and foreigners (S. Mueller) were brought up, in the future, in the earthly core of the continents, in the siege ball, it is necessary to see, three, two , middle and lower (Fig. 1).
Top ball, tighter 8? 15 km, due to the buildup of seismic growths from glibinoy, blocky Budovia, in obvious cases of occasionally numerical tremors and breakdowns. Do you want a ball with specialties 6.1? 6.5 km / s start yak border K. On the dumka next to it, the upper ball of consolidated measles forms a granite-metamorphic ball in a two-layer measles model.
Another (middle) ball up to 20? 25 km (from 1 to 30 km) is characterized by a decrease in the speed of spring hvils (close to 6.4 km / s), as well as to the density of urban dwellers. You see it as the border of K. Vvazhaєtsya, that another ball is folded in rocks of the type of basalt, which can be matched with a "basalt" ball of measles.
fig. 1 Shvidkіsnі columns for the main structural elements of the continents (according to N.I. Pavlenkova). 1 - siege ball; 2-4 - consolidated measles balls (2 - upper, 3 - middle, 4 - lower); 5 and 6 - mantle.
The third (lower) ball, which can be quilted until measles, is high-pitched (6.8 × 7.7 km / s). For the new power, there is a subtle stratification and improvement with the glibine of the gradation of shvidkost. In the case of ultra-basic breeds, it cannot be brought to the "basalt" measles ball. Є poached, the lower ball of measles є the product of the re-interpretation of the speech of the upper mantle, a unique zone of vivitryuvannya of the mantle (N.I. Pavlenkova). In the classic model of Budov and Corey, the middle and lower balls store granulite-basite balls.
Budova and the exertion of earthly measles in the boundaries other regions continents kіlka varіyuyut. So for earthly measles, large platform depressions and advanced progeny characteristic of the onset of the specialty of Budovia: the siege ball is very hard (up to half the pressure of all measles); thin and large high-flown, lower on the other platforms of platforms, bark is consolidated; Lift the position of the surface M. Often, the upper ("granite") ball of consolidated measles is very thin in each of the boundaries, and the pressure of the middle ball is very fast.
There are 2 main types of earth measles: continental and oceanic and 2 transitional to the type - subcontinental and suboceanic (div. Fig.).
1 siege breed;
2 volcanic rocks;
3 granite ball;
4 basalt ball;
5 border of Mohorovichich;
6 upper mantle.
The continental type of earthly measles can stretch from 35 to 75 km., In the shelf area - 20 - 25 km., And on the mainland, it goes wild. See 3 balls of continental measles:
1 - First - upper, deposition of siege girskiy rocks taut from 0 to 10 km. on platforms і 15 - 20 km. in the tectonic valleys of the Gir sporud.
2nd - middle "granite - gneissic" or "granite" - 50% granite and 40% gneiss and in. Metamorphosing the breed. Yogo average exertion - 15 - 20 km. (In girski sporuds up to 20 - 25 km.).
3 - ій - lower, "basalt" or "granite - basalt", behind the warehouse is close to basalt. Demand from 15 - 20 to 35 km. Cordon mіzh "granite" and "basalt" balls - Conrad's hand.
For the occasional data, the oceanic type of earthly measles also makes it tricky to pull from 5 to 9 (12) km., Partly 6 -7 km.
1 - the first ball - top, siege, store from fluffy debris. Yogo exertion - from a few hundred meters to 1 km.
2nd ball - basalt with prochs of carbonate and siliceous rocks. Demand from 1 - 1.5 to 2.5 - 3 km.
3 - іth ball - lower, burners are not allowed to crack. Folded by basic igneous rocks of the gabrro type with pidlegly, ultrabasic rocks (serpentinites, pyroxenitamis).
subcontinental type earthly surface for Budova analogous to the continental, ale not neatly twisted the line of Konrad. The whole type of measles dressing grows with sharp arcs - Kuril, Aleutian and the outskirts of the continents.
1 - first ball - upper, sedimentary - volcanogenic, toughness - 0.5 - 5 km. (In the middle 2 - 3 km.).
2nd ball - island-arc, "granite", toughness 5 - 10 km.
3rd ball - "basalt", at depths of 8 - 15 km., Possibly from 14 - 18 to 20 - 40 km.
The suboceanic type of earthly measles is confined to parts of the outlying and inner continental seas (Okhotske, Yaponske, Seredzemne, Chorne, etc.). For Budova, close to oceanic, ale will come to the pull of the siege ball.
1st upper - 4 - 10 or more km.
The total strain of earth measles - 10 - 20 km., Misciami up to 25 - 30 km. for rakhunok zbіlshennya siege ball.
Svoєridna budova earth measles is identified in the central rift zones of the mid-oceanic ridges (mid-Atlantic). Here, before another oceanic ball, a line (or a whistle) of low speech (V = 7.4 - 7.8 km / s) will grow. I admit that it is abnormally rosy of the mantle, or the sum of the cow's and mantle speech.
The structure of earth measles
On the surface of the Earth, on the continents, in the winter months, there are girly breeds of growing viku.
Deyaki regions and continents are deposited on the surface by the most ancient rocks of the Archean (AR) and Proterozoic (PT). The stench is even more metamorphic: the clays were transformed into metamorphic shale, the peaks - into crystalline quartzite, the vapnyaks - into marmuri. Among them are rich grains. Areas, on the surface of some of the most ancient breeds, are called crystalline arrays or shields (Baltic, Canadian, African, Brazilian, etc.).
The second regions on the continents are occupied by the rocks of the predominantly young - Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic (Pz, Mz, Kz) viku. Mostly, siege rocks, wanting to develop in the middle of them, and rocks of magmatic walking, have wandered on the surface at the top of volcanic lavas or penetrated and caught on the rocks. There are two categories of land areas: 1) platforms - valleys: the layers of siege rocks fall quietly, more horizontally, in them small and small folds are promoted. In such rocks, there are few magmatic, especially intrusive, rocks; 2) fold zones (geosinklіnalі) - mountains: sedimentation rocks strongly wrinkle in folds, permeated by glide gaps; often igneous rocks that have penetrated into the surface are often observed. Due to the fact that between platforms or folding zones, they lie spontaneously in folds. Old and young people float like platforms. Speak, what platforms could pretend to be early hour, We ourselves are vkazuєmo on the development of the warehouse zones.
The maps that depict the development of platforms and folding zones of the growing season and the events of the peculiarities of the earthly measles are called tectonic. Stink to serve as supplements to geological maps, to represent the most effective geological documents, to display the earth's measles.
Earth measles tipi
The comradeship of earthly measles is not the same between continents and oceans. There are more mountains and valleys, thinner than oceanic islands and oceans. There are two main types of earth measles - continental (continental) and oceanic.
The average area of the mainland measles will become 42 km. In the mountains of Vona, you can go up to 50-60 and go up to 70 km. Todi talk about "kornni gir". The middle age of oceanic measles is about 11 km away.
In such a rank, the continents are represented by yak bi zayvі piled up mas. Ale tsi masi mali would be more heavy, and in the oceans, if the water lightens, the force is heavy. There is no reason for such evidence. The power of heavy use on continents and oceans is approximately the same. Starts to go to business: continents and oceanic masses of time. The stench is in accordance with the law of izostasis (equilibrium), which can be read like this: to the older masses on the surface of the continent, there is not enough mass on the glybin, and navpaki - the lack of mass on the surface of the oceans is to blame for poisonous reasons.
per happy news geology our planet is built from decilkoh spheres - geospheres. The stink of development is behind physical authorities, a chemistry warehouse and in the center of the Earth there is a core, behind it there is a mantle, then there is a hydrosphere and an atmosphere.
In the data of the statistics, it is clear to the Buda of earthly measles, but also to the upper part of the lithosphere. Vaughn is a callous hard shell, the pressure of which is so small (1.5%) that it is possible to make a thin layer on the scale of the entire planet. However, unaffected on the tse, the very top sphere of the earth's measles is of great interest to people, like a dzherelo of brown copalins.
The bark of the earth is cleverly divided into three balls, the skin of which is primitive in its own way.
- The upper ball is a siege one. Wien the reach of the region from 0 to 20 km. The siege breeds are established in the course of the deposition of speeches on land, or on the bottom of the hydrosphere. The stench enter to the storehouse of earthly measles, growing in one layer in one layer.
- The middle ball is granite. Yogo region can range from 10 to 40 km. This is a magmatic rock, which has formed a hard ball as a result of the spike and the onset of magma in the earth's comrades at a high grip and temperature.
- The lower sphere, which is included in the structure of earthly measles, is basaltic, also magmatic. Newer has a greater amount of calcium, gold and magnesium, and a larger amount, less from a granite breed.
The structure of earthly measles is not the same. Particularly distinctive features of the oceanic crust and continental. Under the oceans, the earth's crust is thinning, and under the continents, it is. Naybilshu tovshchinu won in the areas of the Girskih massivs.
Before the warehouse of oceanic measles there are two balls - siege and basalt. Below the basalt ball is the surface of the Moho, and behind it is the upper mantle. Ocean bottom of a folding relay form. In the middle of the United States, a special place is occupied by the majestic mid-ocean ridges, in which a young basalt oceanic crust is born. Magma can be accessed to the surface through the clayey rozlom - rift, which passes along the center of the ridge of the summits. The name of the magma rots, while the walls of the gorge are constantly growing on the sides. I call this process “spreading”.
Budova earthly measles is more foldable on the continents, below the oceans. The continental crust is covered with less area, less oceanic - up to 40% of the earth's surface, ale, more pressure. The distance to the village is 60-70 km. The continental crust of maє trisharove budova is a sedimentary sphere, granite and basaltic. On dalyankas, which are called shields, the granite ball is located on the surface. Yak butt - folds from granite rocks.
The submarine is the extreme part of the continent - the shelf, so also the continental Budova earthly measles. Until the next visit to the Kalimantan Islands, New Zealand, Nova Guinea, Sulawesi, Greenland, Madagascar, Sakhalin and Ing. And also internal and outskirts of the sea: Seredzemne, Azovske, Chorne.
To draw between the granite ball and the basalt one can be cleverly less, so as the stench will match the speed of the seismic problems, for which the scope of the earth's spheres and the warehouse will start. The basalt ball sticks to the surface of the Moho. The siege ball can be built up to lie down from the church, spread out on a new form of the relief. In the mountains, for example, there is a lot of darkness, and I’m looking at those fluffy pieces of land to move down the slopes under the inflow of inviting forces. Alle, the wine is tighter in frontal areas, depressions and grooves. So, in vіn reach 22 km.
The land behind the shape is much less visible from the cooler. There is a flattened bridle of the axis of wrapping by 42.8 km. Equatorial Radius of the Earth 6 378 245 m, polar - 6 356 863 m. Middle radius kuli, equal to the terrestrial, approximately dorіvnyuє 6370 km. Earth Obsyag 1080 ∙ 10 24 cm 3, or 1080 ∙ 10 9 km 3;її masa 5980 ∙ 10 24 g, or 5980 ∙ 10 18 T.
At the inner buds of the earth, at the display of seismic events, there is a clear rose on the bark, mantle and core. The skin of the structural storehouses has fewer clear boundaries on the number of spheres.
Breed, which store the mantle of the Earth, not similar; from the top of the stench is mensh. The swiftness of seismic late hvil in the boundaries of the mantle of growth from the glybin from 7.8 to 13.6 km / sec. On glybin_ 2900 km won dramatically change to 8.1 km / sec. The transverse seismic chvili penetrate only to the whole of Glybin. Z glibini 2900 km and to the center of the earth's core, lie the river, where the core is laid with a diameter of 6940 km. All the middle of the nucleus is also a spherical surface, as it is in the so-called nucleus, or the inner nucleus. Diameter of core 2500-3000 km.
At the same time, the transverse hvili do not go into the core, they get involved, but they must be in the native camp. In what kind of viglyad there is a speech of a nucleus - in a viglyad there is a chi, or in a solid camp, stand still not far away.
On the basis of the donations that have been taken as a result of the earth's restoration by seismic and indirect methods, it is possible to take into account the average proficiency of the speech of the foxes, who store the Earth, if not equally, grow with the glybin. Seeing about the depth of the cordon, how to remove the mantle from the measles, the core from the mantle and the core from the nucleus, as well as the average value of the generation, how to store the shells, are shown in the table. 1.
Just as about the share of the fate of the sheeps of the earth in their opinion, one can judge from the great vitality, then about these masses it is much more important to judge, so as there are a lot of little words, not very reliable things about the kind of speech of the fold. Until the most observable data about the power of speech over the earthly courage, only data about the power of the extended
seismic hvil. But there is a large number of officials, including the strength, porosity, chemistry warehouse, M_tsn_st, temperature, vice, aggregate mill and in. To that, there is a lot of power, unambiguously, nutrition about the power of speech, how to lay the shells of the Earth and the core.
The understanding of the "earth's crust" has come to an end, if it has been transferred, the Earth has set itself up like a fiery fire, a thin bark has set up on the surface of some cold weather with most high-melting and best light "slags."
In Danish hour it was brought, well earthly kulu folding from a firm speech, and with the earth's crust vvazhayut shari, how to be
the surface of the surface, the expansion of seismic growth by 1-2 km / sec. Tsia surface has rejected іm'ya vіdkriv її Yugoslavian clergyman A. Mohorovichich. There is the crust of the earth from the mantle - the offensive shell of the Earth, which is built up from more solid and more megalithic solid rocks.
The earth's crust, as the minds of the minds of all kinds of speeches, are known to be on the surface of Mokhorovichich, to form from the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere (Table 2).
There are two main types of earth measles: the crust of the continents and the crust of the oceans. The smell comes from behind the warehouse, and because of the strain. Demand for measles sushi, which borrows an area of 149 mln. km 2, on the middle road 37 km, and the pressure of measles oceans on an area of 361 million. km 2 road in the middle of all 7 km.
Yak on land, so and before the oceans the surface of the earth's measles is covered with litter, which is stored from sands, clays and carbonate rocks. On the continents, the strain is greater, in fewer miles it is possible to reach 20 km; at the bottom of the oceans, the pressure of the fall is not great and it falls from 0 to 3 km. The majority of the measles of the mainland is of the measles of the oceans є those on the continents є the straining (15-20 km) ball of grants. At the bottom of the granite shell, there is, in fact, a ball of basalt roughly of the same strain. The cordon, with granites and basalts, was marked by the naming of Konrad's surfaces. Before the oceans, the crust folds only from the basalts, the urge for the ball in the middle to become close 5 km.
Zagalna characteristic physical balls of measles for the data of N. A. Bilyaivsky and V. V. Fedinsky are given in table. 3.
Average prevalence of earth measles 2.8 g / cm 3, subcrustal ball - 3.3 g / cm 3, Frequency of passage of later hours 6 and 8 km / sec for sure. The bark extends not only to the continental and oceanic, but there is a great number of species. PN Kropotkin vidіlyaє 8 types of earthly measles, which develop by exertion and by the abnormalities of strength or severity characteristic of cutaneous ones. The crust of the continent is characterized by a great effort and manifestation of negative gravitational anomalies. For a variety of signs in a new vision, these are the following:
1) the bark of folded ridges and raised platforms and platforms (Н = 50-80 km, Δ g from +550 to +200 mgl);
2) the crust of the lesser of the mid-day areas (H = 30-60 km, Δ g from -300 to +50 mgl);
3) the bark of low-rise rivers and shelves (H= 15-40 km, Δ g from -100 to +100 mgl)- add to:
the crust of stable Precambrian Epaleozoic platforms with a surface or slightly overlaid foundation (H = 25-40 km); bark with a very fast taut foundation.
In areas of oceanic and suboceanic measles P.N.Kropotkin has 5 types of measles:
1) bark internal seas(H = 20-30 km, Δ g from -50 to +200 mgl) with a straining complex of falloffs (10-15 km), lay on the "basalt" ball;
2) large parts outskirts of the sea (H = 7-25 km, Δ g from +150 to +450 mgl);
3) oceanic type of measles - continental shil, sub-water ridges, volcanic islands (H =10-20 km, Δ g from +50 to +200 mgl);
4) bark of glide-water beetles (H = 5-17 km, Δ g more than 250 mgl);
5) the crust of glide parts of the Svitovoy ocean (H = 3-15 km, Δ g from +150 to +450 mgl).
A. Poldervart vidіlyaє two very interesting regions: glibinna oceanic region, area of yakoi road 268 ∙ 10 6 km 2 from the middle clay to the ocean 4.5 km(The urge of measles to make the bottom of the total area all 6 km), i region of the continental shield with an area of 105 10 6 km 2і middle height above the ocean level 0.75 km. Continental measles demand 35 km. There are also two transition regions: the area of young fold belts, the area of the roads 42 ∙ 10 6 km 2, soreness of measles 14 km,і suboceanic (continental platforms і grabbed, as well as edge glide water ditches), with an area of 93 ∙ 10 6 km 2, for measles 18 km.Інші 2 10 6 km 2 land mainly falls on volcanic islands, rots in the boundaries of the clay and sub-deep areas.
Out of the zealous mass of earthly measles for a lump to a part of the mainland attackє 69%, or 5.5 ∙ 10 9 km 2,і on a piece of oceanic - 31%, or 2.5 ∙ 10 9 km 2.
It is imperative that the surface of Mokhorovichich is baked on the ground, which is characteristic of this relief of the world, and that the barks are right out of the way, how to fold the earth's crust. So, for example, the surface of Mokhorovichich pass at a glybin of 40 km like in the Baltic Shield, you may have found a vik, which can reach 3 billion rubles, as well as in young sporiums of the Caucasus.
More recently, it has become apparent that the earth's crust in every part of the mantle is composed of rocks, in which the speed of the later seismic growths appears in the granites and basalts. However, the robots, holding the head rank on the IGY protest, revealed the fall, if the surface of Mohorovich passes through the area of the seismic seismic fluidity, then 6-7 km / sec. Such quality cannot be found in granite and basalt. At the same time, it is unclear whether the earth's crust is also more likely to lie over the surface of Mokhorovichich, which is typical for the upper spheres of the mantle, and not for measles. The earth's crust of land quickly grows out towards the ocean behind a chemical and mineral warehouse. First and foremost, there are more mantle speeches, both in terms of brilliance and workmanship, as well as behind a chemistry warehouse, in protest about a mantle’s storehouse, even more of an enclosure.
About the nature and movement of earthly measles, there has been a lack of hypotheses, there are no good explanations for the reasons for the change in the warehouse and laboriousness of measles on land and oceans.
T. Wilson was able to simmer, like the earth's crust, so like the hydrosphere and the atmosphere, was established from the speech of the mantle of volcanic vyverzhnya, how to vikidayut in the nadra of the mantle the fusible speeches of T. As a result of the cycle of volcanic vyverzhnye, the surface of the Earth was completely overshadowed by a ball of vyverzhnyh breeds.
This is not just a little pleasant not only because (like vipliv from danih, like vín to direct) the arrival of the volcanic speech in the last century to become everything close 0.8 Km 3 in rik, and richkovy zhesennya speech from the continents for rik perevishchu 12 km 3, Along with that, I don’t explain the measles of the continents and oceans.
To clarify the reasons for the appearance of continental and oceanic measles, as well as continents and oceans, there are proponated hypotheses, such as developing space factors.
G. Alfvén in 1963, having hung up a hypothesis, how to explain the establishment of continents, about 3-4 billion. curved the surface of the Earth: іnsha part became our companion - Misyats, and other particles - meteorites.
J. Darwin in 1911 with a hypothesis, behind a bed The Pacific As a result, the result was the transformation of parts of the earth's surface, and it was transformed into our companion - Misyats. The idea of \ u200b \ u200bthinking at once the number of epichetes (O. Openheim, R. Shviner, G. Quirring, G. I. Berlin, E. Kraus and I.).
At one point, it is important that the Earth grows cold and shrivels, navpaki, to know the proof of the tumultuous growth of the earthly cooler. Try to explain the manifestations and facts by specific processes, which can be extended either in the earth's crust or in the rocks of the Earth's mantle. So, V.V. Bilousov developed radioactive hypothesis, for the reason of the analysis of continents, the development of continental products of silicon, tectonic and volcanic processes related to the differentiation of the appearance of the earth's speech Such breeds, close behind the warehouse to the granite, on their mind, melt to the surface of the earth measles and wick away, melting and melting those processes, which help to generate heat and mechanical energy. According to V.V.Bilousov, bagatorazovy analogous phenomena in some and quiet mantias, were tied with them, so that the differentiation takes place in the new "surfaces" of the mantle not once, but lastly.
In the rest of the rock, V.V.Bilousov came to the top of the earth, where the surface of the Earth has passed the stage of granitization, since “In the archaeological earthly culture, the whole majority of the continental crust was rivnominally covered, as it was in the distant future.” Then in the end of the Paleozoic, on the dummy, having set a fracture, if the ultra-basic material has grown into the bark, melting the mainland bark and back into the mantle; as a result, "... on the measles mainland, the oceanic type bark was established." The process of further oceanization of measles land, as it is, will continue to grow.
This hypothesis, which is based on the processes of differentiation of the speech of the mantle, is not suitable for explaining the trivial development of the continent and oceans. Besides, the whole hypothesis is to be in the irreconcilable super-contradictions with the laws of physics and mechanics, behind which the less talk cannot be fooled into the larger school. To that, the ultra-basic speech, which was whispering on the surface of the Earth, was not able to drink in the mantle, as V.V.Bilousov admitted.
V.A.Magnitskiy visuvuv on the idea of the process of rehabilitating the mainland goods and smelting silica. For his gifts, silicon is seen from the generation of mantle in the result of the reaction
Tsia reaction is guilty of thermodynamic mirkuvan contractions in mantle balls, which is not more than 500 km. on great depths big stiykim є MgSiO 3 ... The price of the phenomenon can help the intelligence of the formation of the continental rocks of silica, but I don’t explain why the continents move above the ocean floor by 5 km. vision SiO 2 in the fringes of the upper mantle, there is little flooring and a change in the amount of porridge, as much as in the amount of earth measles. The total effect in the process of differentiation of products from the step-by-step decrease in the reaction cannot be really recognized on the same day surface. The same total effect is inevitable during healthy serpentinization processes. In the process of solving the mysteries of the continents X. X... Hess, who has already been developing the idea of changing the mantle of the Earth when it is transformed into the earth's crust for 25 years, has been developing the idea of \ u200b \ u200bmaking the mantle of the Earth when it is transformed into the earth's crust for a rakhunok, which was brought to the olive by the statements of the serpentines, which may be the shape of the warehouses:
At the same time, the strength of the breed and the stench, nibito, dive on the more important rocks of the mantle. It will show the efficiency in the whole filed that the strength of the generation for the rakhunok comes from and changes. However, the water, the yak, was brought up to the time of the upper mantle, was guilty of going out from the gigantic horizons of the mantle, deceptively, it would seem that it would be unnecessary to talk and change. The overall effect of such a displacement of the drive from bottom to top is zero.
Є and more radical points of view on the reasons for the appearance of cordons, which appear during seismic pre-events of the Earth. So, A.F. Kapustinsky vvazhaє, how the stench is tied with the wines in the future electronic shells of atoms, which is added to the sinking vice. The name of the electronics in the grip, how to run on the surface of Mokhorovichich's surface, do not change, switch to new energy, and the electronic shells fill up a larger package. Analogous re-incarnations of the electronic shells in Budov will explain and improve the power of speech of the core of the Earth and the transition from it to the "metal camp".
However, the fragments of the lower boundary of the earth's measles are located on an admittedly small surface, especially along the oceans, and before that, even more, it is explained, tied because of the snares and atoms in the future, it is impossible to be arrested for the reason.
Great respect for the analysis of the problem of earthly measles and the root of the hypothesis, as I am guilty of leading the science about the earth's crust from the deaf kut, having come to D. Kennedy. Win vvazhaє, what a presentation about the social crust of the oceans and the sialic warehouse of the measles of the continents, floating on a larger mental substrate, to supervise such facts.
1. Great areas of the continent, built up to the level of the sea, can be raised by rape a thousand feet up the hill.
2. The laws of physics will be destroyed by the time that you fall off because of low proficiency, mabut, good wisdom of the breed of greater proficiency; deflate the fall of low power, it’s just enough, it’s sinking into the substrate, so it’s more powerful.
3. The speed of heat transfer from the Earth's surface through the continents, mountain ridges and oceanic pools, in the first place, is the same.
4. The term of life of the continent and the mountain ridges is much larger, lower prices can be boosted for a shorter period of time.
D. Kennedy to solve the important problems associated with the inventions of the lungs of earth measles, but also the continents, in the same way that Mohorovich is separated not between the breeds of the small chemical warehouse, but between the breeds of one and the same and crystalline budovi. D. Kennedy, like a number of them in front, vvazhaє, but below the basalt and gabro lie the ecology, close to them behind a chemistry warehouse. So yak eklogiti mayut power 3.3 g / cm 3, that is, 10% viscous, less gabro (2.95 g / cm 2), then eclogy can only run with a high grip. At the same structural transitions of basalts in D. Kennedy's ecology, one can find a solution to nature and how to solve Mokhorovichich. Vin stverdzhu, for experimental manifestations (at 500 ° С and a vice less than 10,000 atm) crossing the basalt slope into gabro, the main component of which is є polovian spar. With a vice, vische 10,000 atm At 500 ° C, the basalt slope crystallizes into the rock, which is deposited from jadeite pyroxene, and becomes ecology. Falsely in the grip and temperature of light breeds can pass into worms and navpaks. It is likely that there will be an increase or a decrease in the pressure of the ball, as there is an increase in the surface of the transition.
On D. Kennedy's thought, the hypothesis will kindly explain not just the same heat flow in the rocks of continents and oceans, but the triviality of the continent, the urge of some continually to improve.
The reason for the increased strain of measles D. Kennedy is to bach in the fact that the lower horizons of measles of the mainland, not bito, heat up and destroy to a greater grip, think of the transformation of the great parts of the mantle in the middle of the earth.
For D. Kennedy, for the cordon Mohorovichich, absolutely mind... By the oceans, the transformation of gabro into Eclogit is seen on the glybin of 6-7 km at temperatures close to 150 ° С, before continents - at glybin 30 km at temperatures of 500 ° C, and on the mountain ridges - at a glybin of 40 km and more at temperatures of 700 ° C and more.
D. Kennedy’s culture of the world seems to be grounded in part of the criticism of current hypotheses about the earth's crust. The stench opens up a really weak science about the walking of earth measles, continents, mountain ridges and oceanic depressions. The stench is to put food correctly, the decision of which is bound to be viscous for a hypothesis, but a claim to be recognized. Win bolsh gosdro, do not grow up, raise the problem of the trivial crumbling of the continents, such as, behind them, at the current rate of growth of the mass of land to blame for 20-25 million rocks. True, I didn’t appreciate the intensity of the erosion. As a matter of fact, at the current pace of the weather, rivni 12 Km 3 firm speeches in the Rik, the continents are guilty but they are not worth 20-25 million rubles, and only for 10 million rubles.
However, the possibility of phase transformation of solid rocks to the cordon of Mokhorovichich, i.e., on the cordon, which is covered with small ice, especially under the oceans, is far from complete. So, as a result of the experimental inoculation of the phase stance, the speech of girskih rocks with a grip of up to 35 kbarі at temperatures up to 1700 ° С, held at the Institute of Physics of the Earth in 1964, the drop rate of pyroxene on olivin was established; km... Tsim bulo has been informed that the decision to the cordon of Mohorovichich cannot be explained by such a process.
Vidmova comes from the knowledge of the chemical warehouse of earth measles and mantle, in addition, to be in a clear deterioration of action. The creation of a chemical warehouse of the oceans and measles of the mainland has shown, overwhelmingly, how it smells of sutta growth in warehouses and physical authorities.
The chemical warehouse of earth measles grows from the middle warehouse of meteorites and some small ones, but the chemical warehouse of mantle can be the same as the warehouse of earth measles.
Stretching out the last rocky problem of the establishment of earth measles from the side of the speech warehouse, A. P. Vinogradov. Rozrakhunkami and experimentally win the grounding phenomenon, behind the earth's crust є the product of melting and degassing of mantle speech in processes similar to those of zone swimming.
J. Pfannom method of zonal melting of blast breaks for purification of conductive materials, including germanium and silicon. In this case, one end of the metal rod is heated with a high-frequency jet, or with a local heating until melting, and then over-heating the shearing, or the shearing of the heat from the hot cold one. At the same time, the zone has been melted to move to the cold end of the shearing and to transfer all low-melting warehouses. Naybіlsh refractory components at the same time move to the rudder of the zone and gradually concentrate in the cob end of the core. With a sufficient number of passes through the melted zones and overheads, the shearing metal will appear from light- and refractory houses and can be removed in a super-finely clean view.
The victorious method was given the ability to A.P. Vinogradov to show that, as a result of the bagatoraz relocation of the melted zone and the reduction of the cut from the speech of the silky phase and chondrites, it was brought through the bed into two parts. As a low-melting component, it becomes a basalt slope, and the surplus is even more similar to the dunitam, which, as it seems, is applied to the Olivinovy rocks, and the upper ball of the mantle is stored.
A.P. Vinogradov vvazhaє, that the process of zone melting of low-melting basalt magma from the ocean to the surface of the Earth is not only open to the earth's crust, but “... - all the most glaring geological reconversions ”. However, I don’t think of the world about quiet specific processes, such as “... degassing and melting fusible, basaltic magma”. It’s just as important that we’ve been pouring products into the melting and degassing of the speech, but we are absolutely free from the debris because “... you see the smell. As soon as the stench is seen under the siege of the siege, or even the siege, then it is seen as a sign of grandeurization. As soon as you see a ball of ocean water, then it stinks and breaks down, and if it smells like the atmosphere, then it starts to fill up with gases and other words. "
Tsі mіrkuvannya does not give an explanation of the fact that as well as to see granitization, as a low-melting part comes up before the siege of siege formation. Tim is not more aware of nutrition, the siege and siege of the breed was taken earlier, below them they needed to produce food. To that food about the walk of earth measles, about the walk of the continents and oceans, so the very food of "geological re-creation" tsikavikh robit A.P. Vinogradov and earlier were far from clear. It became clear that from the speech, analogous to the speech of meteorites, it is possible to establish the earth's crust, the hydrosphere, and the atmosphere, altogether as a result of some processes to see the primordial speech of the earth cory and the cortex. ...
At the presentation of the tribute about the change of volatile components in the speech of the mantle, as well as in the hydrosphere and the atmosphere, A.P. Vinogradov designated the steps of the development and degassing of the speech of the mantle, which became in an hour E. rock_v. Vaughn showed less than 10%. Thus, the level of vision to nitrogen is ~ 5%; in carbon ~ 2.5%, sirki ~ 5 ∙ 10 -3%, helium -0.1%, argon 40 ~ 2 ∙ 10 -2%. The highest rate of degassing for such volatile components, such as Н 2 О and С1 2, is close to 7.5% due to the change in the mouth of the mantle. Such a part of the її masi for the obsyag dorіvnyuє 63 ∙ 10 9 km 3. If you respect, how degassing has become in the balls of the upper mantle, then it will be necessary to make the ball tighter to lose 125 km.
For a number of elements, there is a need to promote changes in the earth's crust in the context of meteorites. Impressively, the smell of wine from the speech of the mantle, A.P. Vinogradov, due to the pressure, is necessary for the wine of the overworldly quantity of a number of elements;
The yak is seen from the table. 4, it is necessary to exert the pressure of the mantle of growth and lie in the boundaries between 100 and 3000 km. Mozhlivo, scho hovered in the table. 4 rozrakhunki will be in an hour of clarification, ale the stench is overconfident to indicate those who saw more elements from an altogether small part of the speech, where they lay the mantle of the Earth. Ale for uranium, torii, rubidii, kalii and especially the pressure of the pressure of the degassed mantle of great magnitude, that one third and half of the earth's radius can be reached.
The growth of the steps of the formation of earthly measles is one of the most important elements of the wine, which is not the only thing in the speech of the mantle; the toughness, ale and the opinion of the rates of change. Coefficient of development of the young people is insanely not the same; Chim less kofіtsієnt rozpodilu, that is, Chim less danes from'єdnannya vipadaє in the solid phase, it is more possible to wine with melting at zone swimming.
To that, the steps for the replacement of earth measles with the elements that are caused by the earth's overhead, are more understandable for the difference in the rates of growth, less that the drudgery of the brown components of that earthly wine is more understandable.
Looking at the nutritional form of earth measles in the process of zonal heating, A.P. Vinogradov vypuschennya about those that the earth measles, so it is itself measles, whether it is the one of the planet, it is the radius of the planet. Evidently, the radius of the planet is the magnitude, the magnitude of the magnitude of the planet, the magnitude of the heat, the magnitude of the result radioactive drop on one surface of the planet. The amount of heat, in its own right, is the reason for the pressure of the melted zone, so that it goes from above the Earth's burns in the process of zone melting. As a matter of fact, it’s easy to lay down the top of the bowl, which will be the best to be grated in the melt with the most crumbly ingredients. However, the price is rightly deprived of a drop, if there is only one pass of the melted zone and the number of passes and the thickness of the melted zones of the boule are absolutely the same for the broken planets.
The greatest inflow to the level of earthly measles in the times established as a result of zone melting can be the number of passes of the melted zone. In more passages, we are guilty of the concentration and steps to the wine of quiet components, which accumulate in the earth's crust (as it can be effectively established as a result of zonal winemaking).
To that it is not enough to get rid of the fallowness of the earthly measles only from the radius of the planet. In the minds of the Earth, the urge of measles to reach the wide fringes - from 5-7 to 25-40 km.
The strain of earthly measles is especially great for mountainous regions, de vona reach 70 and navit 80 km.
The urge of earthly measles to be in the strictly regular connection only with the zvnіshnіm relєfom - what is the food for the sushi, who is pushing the bark, and what is glibshe ocean That’s won’t be tonesha. It is a rule that measles does not occur, it does not matter for intensive erosion. It is important for those who have a cutaneous development and cutaneous tension of measles, which are strictly less than a sharuvat of Budov - Budov's "leafy pie" and add thousands of kilometers.
To that, with hypotheses, to merit with respect, you can vvvatisya deprivation (with no proponents), which can explain: a) the regular connection of the strain and the warehouse of measles with the relief of the surface of the land and the ocean floor; b) preserving a regular connection by stretching out the continents, without affecting denudation; c) the size of the measles storehouse from the mantle storehouse for the bulk of radioactive and bagaton elements, such as the head rank in the earth's crust.
The processes of simple high-temperature differentiation of mantle speech, as well as the processes of seeing water, silicon oxide or "basaltic" magma during zone swimming, cannot be sufficient. The stench does not explain the concept of measles of the continent and measles of the oceans, but even more, the stench cannot explain the fact of mutually reinterpreting measles of one type into the cortex of the other type. The process of re-implementation, as we have considered the naming of oceanization and content, is becoming more and more approved. Without an explanation of the processes, as a result of which the crust of the continent is sometimes transformed into the crust of the ocean floor, it is impossible to see the numerical facts, for example, the fact of abnormally thin measles is promoted in the Ugorsky central massif, in the Mexican regions of the Middle Sea, in the Caspian Sea, in the Caspian Sea However, some data from geological history and analytical analysis are not allowed to be summarized, but earlier in these regions, the continental crust is normal, that is, the continental crust is strained.
The surface of Mokhorovichich is in the earth's crust, the upper mantle and the lower, the numerical seismic cordon, the breeder, the shells and the balls may have high electrical power. All the stinks appear, from one side, just like they can see the swiftness of the widening of seismic hvils on them with a streak.
The emergence of spheres in the advanced provision - waveguides - is a matter of the fact that in them the broadening of the spheres is less, less in the lower spheres of generation. To that end, it’s hard not to go up the hill and down from such a ball, but to move to a new one from the outer internal views from the cover and the soil of the reservoir. Most often, when the waveguides appear, they can start at the adjusted temperature, until the change in speech flow. The change in production is also explained by the overdue minerlogical or molecular structure of the generators. However, the splinters of the breeder appeared on the very mountains, like in the earth's crust, and in the mantle, it is important to let the concrete phase of the transformation of solid words, stretching out as possible in such wide ranges of temperatures and grips.
Yak vіdomo, there is no single point of view on the cause, nor on the nature of the sparseness of earth measles and the earth as a whole.
In addition to the reasons for the disagreement in the earth's crust, the following processes can be seen, such as:
nasharuvannya fallen and suspensions, which fall from the water on the bottom of the water, especially when the sea comes and goes;
nasaruvannya suspensions, which are visible from the atmosphere, including the fall of the volcano;
our chauvinism of some generations over others as a result of zsuvs, nasuvs, etc.
True, it is more and more to be found at the point of view, but at the seismic cordon є special boundaries, which are unlikely to lie in the warehouse, which is like and for the time being, in which stench pass.
So, G.D. Afanas'ev, incidentally, that the boundary of Mokhorovichych passes through the pedestrian, characteristic of this relief of the world, glybin, right away from the point of view of storing the earth's crust, the proponation of drilling into the Ukrainian crust 6 - 7 km the surface of the seismic hvili was revealed. Vivchennya-columns cich sverdlovin, on yogo dumka, "... to allow the intelligence, as a rank of coolly placed folds of the metamorphic breeds, appear as bi stratified in a horizontal area, 5 km w Rіznoyu shvidkіstyu widening of seismic hvil. Do you see it vertically here? physical authorities, The growth of scholarship, in the connection with the growth of all the growing pressure to lie around. "
Yu. V. Riznichenko and І. P. Kosminska vvazhayut, “... well, the seismic cordon, and it seems like a ball, I will pour it into the warehouse, so I will talk in the minds of the grip mode, the temperature and the change of the Earth's speech in the overhead. Smells represent the deyakі of the frontiers of metamorphism, the powerful ones, reach the high intervals of the glibini, at least in the stable platform minds. Between the central and the most important nature, not the most important for geologists, stratigraphic cordons, and on the other side, cordon with a disjunctive character of different types of complexes of metamorphic and other types of mass education of the small scalethe cordon has been rendered secondary and imposed on the primary geological structural features middle ground ".
A. A. Borisov zverta respect for those who “seismic cordon, which are seen in the middle of the consolidated (crystalline) complex of earth measles (border of Konrad and in.), Characterized by even gently sloping morphological forms, approximately parallel to the surface. Not to mention the geological, gravimetric, magnetic and other data about those for the foldable, often deeply metamorphic, complexes of consolidated measles, characteristic of small and foldable, overwhelmingly blocks, structural forms. " The author will try to try to find out the specific reasons, such as, acting in an hour, to produce a singing sound everywhere, along the morphological surface of Mohorovich and the relief of the earth's surface. Vin write: “Mabut, the morphology of the surface is enumerated by the interaction of two other factors:
1) without direct vertical collapse of a given segment of the lithosphere, to produce approximately near-voiced forms at all horizons of measles and the surface of Mohorovichi, and
2) the transmutation of the speech of earthly measles and the upper mantle with the kind of it overgrowth among them, so that they can supervise the adoption of animal forms.
This is due to the overvaluation of that any other factor and the beginning of the development of morphological forms in the lower horizons of the lithosphere. "
Obviously, there are two other factors, especially the other, which are not specific. As a result of various processes and for some reason, there is a "overcap" of the speech of earth measles and upper mantle, A.A.
On the great importance and specificity of the surface of Mokhorovichich - її dynamism - giving special respect to V.V. Tikhomirov. Analyzing the problem of the proximity of grants, it is necessary to direct a large number of applications, so that the point of view of the geologists of the geologists about those who besieged the rocks before the influx of young metamorphoses metamorphoses the factors are transformed into massively-crystalline types. On the other hand, more and more I will deny the point of view about the processes that I will call "basics", for oceanization, as a result of which the words of the mainland measles are transformed into the words of measles of the oceans. Beruchi tse to uvaga, V. V. Tikhomirov write: “You can vvazyat, in the world of life of the common shave of the lower port, to be transformed into the old for one and the same absolute glybin. Figuratively, the breed of zanuruyutsya dilianka of earthly measles when lowering the lower izogips, similar to the given point of the planet's horizon on the surface of Mokhorovich, transforms from the "Sial" into the "Sime"
The top of Mokhorovichich, being a special surface, at the same hour, is one of the largest seismic cordons, which appear both in the earth's crust, and in the mantle and in the core.