Inland seas of the atlantic

The seas are united in one group, so they are close geographic location, And the stench roztashovani is not far from one to one. The sea may be tectonic and “landings” to the ocean Tetis, which in this hour is not even known.

The sea was established as a result of periodic rise and fall. Some of them were sponsored in all the new territories. It also took the affirmation of the sea of ​​the sea from time to time to increase either the salty waters of the ocean, or the plain waters of the river. The view of the ancient seas was zoomed in by the glimpse of the sea from the Svitovoy ocean. Mostly isolated, and Chorne and partly isolated from.

Lead the free seas chemistry warehouse... Take a lot of chlorides, but less, less in ocean waters. Then there is a change of carbonate overwhelming oceanic indicators. one more characteristic feature waters of ancient seas є decrease. In the sea of ​​sea, a large part of the water balance is stored in the river waters. Zm_st of fresh waters to become one-eighth part of the zalny obsyagu. There is a large part of the river waters (hocha and nabagato less, Sea of ​​Azov) Bilya Chornyi i.

The special features of the continental are characteristic of the new seas. Ale by the sea of ​​skin has its own specific and climatic rice. Rice of the continental climate is best laid out in the private part of the Caspian Sea. On the Azov Sea and the ancient western zones of the Black Sea, the continental quilting is not so obvious.

Caspian Sea

Mayzhe is not spared in the paved seas. Tilki in the Black Sea see the tidal nature. The change of the water level is 7 - 8 cm. The power of the new seas is increasing the processes that reach the greatest strength in the private regions of the Caspian and Azov seas and the Black Sea. The value of the surge and the surge is especially great for the vertical exchange of waters in the Black Sea.

In the European seas, seiches are clearly manifested, as they occur as a result of a great snake over the expanse of water. At the connection, the Caspian Sea cannot reach the waters of the Svitovoy Ocean, and in the whole sea it is possible to keep up with the change of water. At the historical stage of the history of the Caspian Sea, there was a growth. In this day, there will be a change in the number of continental waters as a result of the activity of people and change.

In the European seas, there are two regional types: estuarine-shelf and oceanic. The Azov Sea, the private part of the Caspian Sea and the private part of the Black Sea, can be referred to the natural shelf type. For them, the authorities are: a small depth of water, a great blessing of water, a strong inflow of processes. At the connection with the many peculiarities of the sea, it reacts very quickly to the natural and anthropogenic changes, which are poured into their chickens into the chemical warehouse of waters and their biological minds. V sea ​​waters ah, the type of choroku will be able to see the adoption of a crooked podkrivu, but the presence is irregular during the winter.

Globokovodnі parts of the Caspian Sea and overlap with oceanic type. At the call, there is a characteristic majestic number for these little seaside girls, here there are some minor changes calling factors... The peculiarities of the swimming pools are pondered, the persuasion for everything, the processes, which occur during the internal exchange of waters. Here, in shvidko dilyanka of the sea, there is a permanent chemical warehouse of water masses.

As a result of the greatness of the people in the ancient seas, the destruction of the ecological camp is made possible. Take in the obstructed waters of the naval factories: wide development of shipbuilding and an increase in the number of sea ports, diya industrial enterprises, The name of the ground, the stick of the muddy waters і.

Chorne more, hvileriz (photo by Anastasia Chernikov)

In the Sea of ​​Azov, there is a great number of foreign rivers at once with the waters of the rivers, Kuban, Mius and other small ones. Near the waters of the Sea of ​​Azov, which is connected to the territory of Russia, in the end of the 90s of the last century, there was a change in obstruction.

Lead the Black Sea, as the Russian Federation, qualifies as "Pomirno obrudneni". Here, there is a decrease in decline instead of acidity, and it is negatively associated with the flora and fauna of the sea. Periodically, in the waters of the Black Sea, they consumed naphtha products, occasionally accidents on ships and at the same time with industrial effluents. ecological camp resort areas steadily go down, as a result of the strong inflow of the strength of the people. It is necessary to maintain a great number of water supply systems.

Naybilsh zabrudneni areas of the Black Sea are located close to the towns of Sochi, Novorosisk, Primorsko-Akhtarsk. Polity the quality of water is possible with a number of entries: active implementation of clean water, timely updating of canalization, control over the purified water of malignant water. It is negatively recognized at the ecological station of the Black Sea waters of an increase in the number of ships serving the port, the number of ships in the Russian fleet, which is based in the port of Novorossiysk.

The most ecologically responsible for the waters of the Caspian Sea, stichnі vodi, I go to the sea from the enterprises. to periodically conduct wikidi of out-of-the-box speeches. The waters of the Caspian Sea are absorbed with naphtha products, phosphorus, here they are encouraged to grow in the place of phenols. In the end of the 90s of the last century, the indicators of nitrogen instead of nitrogen have become increasingly important. In the middle of the districts in Dagestan, before "we get", there are offensives: Lopatin, Makhachkala, Kaspiysk, Izberbash and Derbent, as well as the girl's rychok Sulak and Samur. Driving rivers Terek (in the region of Uzmor'ya) is classified as yak "brudnі".

To the pool Atlantic Ocean to be carried by the internal seas of Azovske, Chorne and Baltiyske. The link with the ocean is through the high channels. Insignificant water exchange with open water tanks and rychkovy water supply, which is especially typical for Baltic Sea... All prices are injected into the biodiversity of the sea and the country of ecosystems. The seas are characterized by a relatively low density, the Chorne more є non-freezing. The waters of the Atlantic may be important transport and recreational functions, in connection with which, in some regions, there are mid-range environmental conditions.
The Sea of ​​Azov is the most ancient Russian cordon and the shallowest sea on the planet (Fig. 45). yogo maximum glybin to become 13.5 m. For morphological signs it is carried to the flat seas, and according to the distance to the ocean - the very continental sea of ​​the planet.
Surely from the land between Russia and Ukraine, ratified in 2004, the sea is classified as belonging to the internal waters of the given powers.
Relief to achieve simplicity and is characterized by smooth build-up of glybin. The growth of isobaths is close to symmetric. Uzbeks are overwhelmed with food, ryvn, protests are created by pagorbi, which goes into the steep skelny of education.
The sea grows in the zone in the middle latitudes To know your image in the climate. V winter hour great inflow on Wash the weather nada Siberian anticyclone, which is due to low temperatures and strong in three. lіtnіy period very dry and characterized by high temperatures.
Salinity of the sea average salinity to the ocean and to accumulate from the river runoff, which becomes up to 12% of the volume of water. In the area of ​​the Kerch channel, the salinity becomes close to 11.5% o.
Today, it is very hard to accumulate in the wind regime, as a result of which it is permanently. The circular current is directed against the year of the year in the central part of the aquatorium.

People reclaim at the end of the fall leaves, or the ice is set irregularly, temperature regime... In most winter suvors, the ice can reach 90 cm. Outside of the clearing in the ice, it is in the middle of the birch forest.
The type of development is insignificant. The ichthiofauna includes 103 species. Known industrial prodigal species є biluga, stellate sturgeon, oseledets, ribets і shemy. Pelengas, sprat, glosa, red mullet, horse mackerel, mackerel are seen among sea species. Sea pigs are represented only by one species - sea pig (Azovka) - found by the family from a group of whale-like species. There is a large warehouse of flora and fauna, the Sea of ​​Azov is seen in the middle of all the seas of the Holy Ocean. For riboproductivity, I have turned the Chorne Sea 40 times, Seredzemne - 160 times.
Biluga is one of the most great and live ribs. Sack in the Azov, Black, Caspian seas. At the Temryukskiy zatotsi of the Azov Sea in 1939, a spyman female was born, a female bilugi of 750 kg.
Gospodarska dіyalnіst on uzberezhzhі is strongly discouraged. Ribopromislova and recreational activity is seen. The sea is negatively imposed on the coastal part, the situation is especially critical to industrial centers... A great inflow is needed on the aquatorium of transport activity, including the transportation of naphtha products.
The Black Sea can also be carried to the inland seas of the Atlantic Ocean and the entire Northern regions of Russia. Through the Bosphorus canal, one will cross the Sea of ​​Marmur, є a cordon between Europe and Little Asia. In the middle of the sea Russian Federation The Black Sea is seen as the most meritorious water in the world, on slopes down 150-200 m through the water depth, the concentration of which reach is 14 mg / l, practically the whole day of life.
The Uzbek part is insignificant, the Russian part of the Chornomorsk dilyanka is characterized by a wide shelf smog. At the warehouse, coarsely clastic rocks are recovered from the warehouse: pebbles, gravel, and sandy rocks change with fine-grained sands and aleurites.
The climate is overwhelmingly continental, on the first stage of Tuapse it is subtropical. Great influx into the weather to calm the cyclonic mass, which is set in the Atlantic. Vidrogi gir is not a transition for cold winters povitryan mas, Scho amoused by a strong cold wind (boru). The region is characterized by warmth in winter and a bit dry summer.
Two closed circuits are seen in the flow diagrams, in the oceanographic literature the “Ocular Knipovich” is named after the oceanologist Mykoly Knipovich, having described the flow diagram of the Black Sea for the first time. Small areas of water supply and isolation and insignificant flooding. However, a good turn of a zganyannya-but a zganyannya manifestation.
The surface sphere of the waters has a salinity of about 18% o, while the growth of glybin is up to 22.5% o.
Myaky klimat beckon not to drink ice. However, in duzhe suvor and trivial winter, the sea can be covered with ice bilya uzberezhzha, which is not often trawled once for a few dozen rocks.
The Black Sea sack has close to 2500 species of organisms, of which there are close 160 species of ribs, 500 species of crayfish, 200 species of molluscs.
The sea dragon (scorpion-riba, riba-snake) (Fig. 46) is the fish itself, which is sack in the Black Sea on milky water with a rich and mulistic bottom. Through the accustomed way of life and aggressiveness, the dragons are even more important for everyone who is disturbed.

Sea water is less important than recreation, ribopromislovo, transport value. Chornomorsk port є Kintsev points of pan''European transport corridors. mid environmental problems see naphludnenia naphtha products, balast waters and chemical rivers.
The Baltic Sea is located on the winter coast of Russia and grows in the boundaries of the continental shelf (Fig. 47). The sea is characterized by a significant ruggedness of the coastline, the appearance of numerous islands and a great definition.



The bottom is not uniform, in the coastal part of the widening of the sand, it is possible to wander with the glibinous mulistic folds of the ice-hooded hike.
Formation of the climate to flow into the Atlantic Ocean and form the sea climate of the inland latitudes. The region has seen a gloomy vologa weather.
Particularly in the hydro-logical regime, there is a great tide of sweet water, and the gifts flow into the water in small rivers. circulation surface waters as a whole, the anti-drip lines are straightened, the protector can be injected into the direct leaks. Sprinkle in the Baltic Sea for good and for good, ale insignificant, the size does not exceed 20 cm.
Vodi is characterized by significant desalination. In Finnish, however, salinity does not change 2% o, in all critical aquatories it grows up to 20% o. People are ready to repent in zhovtnі - leaf fall. With a hold of one winter ice, you can tanuti and freeze the knowledge. Bilya uzberezhzhya Financial inflows The landfast ice area reaches 65 cm.
Yantar - the most precious wealth of the Baltic Sea - is a legend є the remnants of the zruynovanny palace of the sea goddess Jurate. So can Pyarkunas, the god of Thunder, praised him for love to the simple Ribalce of Kastitis. Walking around to burshtin prosaichnishe. Tse was caught by the resin of the coniferous trees that grew here.
The most significant value of the Baltic Sea is transport. Along with the widespread accusations, the Ribolovets promise. Here you can see the pitchfork of herring, silverfish, minogi, whitefish and other species of ribs. The station of the Baltic Sea ecosystems is located in the imported station. Tse is tied to the persecution of anthropogenic navantazhennya. In the aquatoria, there was a lot of motivation cheery zbroi... Without the help of ammunition, sparing it in the hours of the Other Holy Day. Significantly impregnated with naphtha products.
It means that the situation is practical on all the seas that wash over Russia, far from friendly. It is possible to see a number of problems that are beyond the reach of all marine waters. Among them:
... visnazhennya stocks of biological resources, tied with overfished and poaching;
... enrichment of aquatic naphtha and naphtha products;
... radioactivity, especially aquatoria of the winter seas;
. globally warmer klimata, scho bring to good
changes of marine ecosystems. Rational environmental management and management biological resources guilt based on ecosystem predictions, on knowledge of key links and regularities of their functions.
Food for self-control
1. Understanding the population. Features of populations of gerbils.
2. The magnitude and the proportion of the population.
3. Understanding the core of the middle.
4. chorological structure and territory in hydrobiocenosis.
5. Vikova and ethological structure of the population.
6. State and generative structure of the population.
7. Features of the dynamics of populations of gerbils.
8. Characteristics of the forms of distribution and growth of populations.
9. Understanding biotic potential.
10. Mortality and survival of individuals in populations of children.
11. hydrobiocenosis and structure.
12. Characteristics of the species and size structure of hydrobiocenosis.
13. Trophic structure of hydrobiocenosis.
14. Features of the function of hydrobiocenosis.
15. Harchuvannya і dikhannya gіdrobіonіv.
16. Dynamics of hydrobiocenosis.
17. Peculiarities of marine ecosystems.
18. Characteristics of ecosystems on the continental shelf.
19. Characteristics of ecosystems of pelagic and glybokovodnoy benthal.
20. Zagalna characteristic sea ​​of ​​the Pacific Ocean.
21. Native characteristics of the seas of the Pivnichny Ice Ocean.
22. Native characteristics of the seas of the Atlantic Ocean.

Physical geography of Russia and SRSR
European part: Arctic, Russian Rivnina, Caucasus, Ural

PART ONE INCLUDED

Chapters of the introductory part:

• The seas that surround the territory of Russia
  • Seas of the Atlantic Ocean
• From the history of geographical vivchennya of the territory of Russia
  • Cobbing period of scientific reports of the territory of Russia
  • The period of the great expeditionary ones, including the Galuzevs
  • Radiansky Period of Galuzev and Complex Doslidzhen

Seas of the Atlantic Ocean

Three internal seas of the Atlantic Ocean - Baltiyske, Chorne and Azovske - are surrounded by small parts of the territory of Russia. All the stench goes deeply into the mainland, and the links with the ocean go through these seas and water channels. A weak connection with the ocean will help you to reach a free hydro-logical regime. On the climat of the sea, the virishalny inflow is celebrating the late transfer of overwhelming weight.

Table 1. Seas that surround the territory of Russia

Ancient words called the Baltic Sea Baltic. Price of the best from the seas, which wash the shores of Russia. They are tied to the ocean through the milky water Danish channels and the Pivnichne sea. Established the Baltic Sea at a quarter hour in a tectonic progina, a vine on the stick of the Baltic Shield with a Russian plate. At the time of the glory of the yogi ugovin was overturned mainland ice... In the Holocene, the sea survived a series of lakes and sea stages at its own development and, at a singing hour, it dwelt with the Bilim sea.

Glibini of the Baltic Sea is small. The maximum glybin is found on the p_vday from Stockholm (470 m). Near the Finnish coast of Russia there are less than 50 meters of water, and near the Kaliningradsky Uzbek coast there are more mountains.

The main picture of the Baltic Sea climate is formed in the flow of a steady transfer of the world from the Atlantic. Cyclones often pass through the sea, which are guided by ancient, winter-western and winter-western winds, gloomy weather and bright litter. Rіchne іх reach 800 mm and more. A bit of a cyclone is carried on a vologue. Average temperature Linden 16-18 ° C, and the water temperature 15-17 ° С. ° С.Finish inflow, loosening of cordons in Russia, biting ice, bilya shores of Kaliningrad oblast, bilinguals of floating ice. However, the whole sea froze near Vinyatkovo Suvorі in winter (1710 1809 1923 1941 1955 і ін.).

Near the Baltic Sea, the river flows close to 250; Neva (79.8 km 2). Її: Visli, Niman and Daugavi, all at once recognized. The Nevi's runoff is regulated by lakes, which is characterized by one spring-summer maximum. Strong trivial wanderings during the three days of water flow in the central part of the Finnish inflow, which witnessed catastrophic events in St. Petersburg, which was rooted in the Neva girly (1824, 1924 pp.). Between water exchange with the ocean and a significant rychkovy stick to add to the low salinity of sea water (2-14 ‰, bilya coast of Russia - 2-8 ‰).

The fauna of the Baltic Sea is made up of species in connection with the great definition, malim change of waters and bіdnіstyu plankton. Promislové meanings of ribe: herring, Baltic sprat, trisk, whitefish, chime, minoga, smelt, salmon. There is a seal near the sea, the number of yachts is speeding up to the sound of the obstructed sea waters.

The Black Sea is the easiest middle of the seas to wash over the shores of our Batkivshchyna. In ancient Greece, they called yogo Pont Evksinsky, Шо means "sea living room". For the area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe won mayzhe dorіvnyu Baltiyskogo, a little more quickly go for the exchange and glybin (div. Table 1). The link of the Black Sea with the ocean goes through the system of internal seas (Marmurov, Egeyske, Seredzemne) and channels (Bosphorus, Dardanelli, Gibraltar). The greatest length of the Black Sea water area from the approach to the highway is 1130 km, the maximum width (from week to day) is 611 km, the minimum is only 263 km.

The Black Sea lies in a deep tectonic depression with an oceanic type crust and a Cenozoic sedimentary chokhl. The maximum depth of the sea reaches 2210 m. The depressions of the contour continents were seized, which, in a row (especially near the Caucasian Uzbek coast), are strongly dismembered by sub-water canyons. Shelf of the most accusations in the winter-western part of the sea, bilya shores of Ukraine. The coastal line of the sea is poorly segmented.

The geographic location of the sea and the relatively small area of ​​the water mirror make up the same type of climate on the whole aquatorium, close to the middle sea, with a warm vologo winter and a generally dry flow. However, the orography of the coastal territories of the wikipedia deyakі vіdminnostі in the climates of the seaside dіlyanok, the wake of the fall over the dwindling part in the connection with the inflow of the Girsky bar'єr to the Caucasus.

At the winter hour, the synoptic situation is overwhelming over the entire water area of ​​the sea in the winter and midst of 7-8 m / s. The growth of strong (more than 10 m / s) and especially stormy winds is connected with cyclones passing over the sea. The average temperature of the charge decreases from the open sea to the coast. Near the winter-skid part, bilya coast of Russia, it is approaching 0 ° С, at the first entry it becomes -2 "W, and at the first descent + 4 ... + 5 ° С.

Vlіtku over the sea, crossing the winter and winter. Їх average speed become 3-5 m / s, changing from the approach to the skid. Strong, especially stormy, during the last few years, they are often spared and also tied with passing cyclones. The average temperature in the serpentine changes from + 22 ° С at the first entry to 24-25 ° С at the descent of the sea.

The number of small rivers that flow into the Chorno Sea, bring in 346 km 2 of nice water. The greatest stick is on the Danube (201 km 2 / rik). All the rivers of the winter-western part are thrown into the sea 270 km 2 / river of fresh waters, to more than 80% of the total runoff, while the rivers of the Caucasian Uzbek coast bring only 43 km.

On the surface of the sea, the coastlines of the cyclonic transitions. At the central part of the sea, there are two rings of cyclonic currents: one - in the western part, and the other - in the lower part of the sea. The river banks of the Russian coast have been carrying water for a long time. Through the channels, there is water exchange with the dry seas. Through the Bosphorus, the surface current is used to wine the Chornomorsk water, and the clay is supplied to the Chorno sea by a stretch of salt and water from the Marmur Sea. The salinity of the Chornomorsk waters in the central part will become 17-18 ‰, and with the glib it will increase to 22.5 ‰. Near the girl of the great rychok, it will drop to 5-10 ‰.

The Black Sea Velmi is smart with a rose in water distribution gases. It’s sour water that is friendly for life, here only the upper ball up to 170-180 m depths.

The sea bag has 166 types of ribs. Among them there are Pontic relics (biluga, stellate sturgeon, sturgeon, oseledets), mid-sea forms (mullet, mackerel, horse mackerel, red mullet, tulka, anchovy, tuna, stingray and іn.) And prisvodnі (ram, fish). The endemics - the Chornomorska Afalina (dolphin) and the white-bellied seal, or the black seal, entered before the Chervona Book - were protected from the ssavts in the Black Sea.

The Sea of ​​Azov is the smallest and least water on the planet. Yogo area 39.1 yew. Km 2, volume of water - 290 km 2, best glybin 13 m, middle - close to 7.4 m. Vuzkiy and the waterway of the Kerch channel from the Black Sea. Sea of ​​Azov - shelf. Relief of the bottom of the bottom to finish off the simple: mіlin uzberezhzhі go over in a flat і flat bottom. Glibini is more and more smoothly growing in the world from the distance to the shores.

The sea is gliboko vryzane in the land, yogo aquatoria and a lot of water and little water and not to spoil the flow of water into the climate; This clime of power of the continental rice, more swerving in the private part of the sea, is characterized by a cold winter and a bit dry summer. In the early regions, where the Black Sea is more infused, there is a large climate. The average temperature usually becomes -2 ...- 5 ° С, but during stormy winds of the skid and winter-skid straight, the temperature can drop down to -25 ...- 27 ° С. WITH.

Two large rivers flow into the Sea of ​​Azov - Don and Kuban and about 20 small rivers. Don and Kuban bring into the sea 90% of the river's runoff, so that all the more common water flows into the inner part of the sea. The part of the runoff is important for the spring-summer period. Through the Kerch canal, water exchange from the Black Sea is connected. From the Sea of ​​Azov, the water is close to 49 km 2 in the river, and the approach of the Black Sea water is close to 34 km 2, so that the wine is ferried in the Black Sea. The salinity of sea waters in the Sea of ​​Azov in the first half of the capital became close to 11 ‰. Because of the rapid tide of river waters, which became ripe for growing, and the increase in the tide of the Chornomorsk waters, salinity began to grow and until the ear of the 80s reached 13.8 ‰.

Milkvodne Azov sea is well warmed up. In lime-crescent mid-water the temperature of sea water becomes 24-25 ° С. In an open sea, the temperature does not change 28-28.5 ° С.The average average water temperature on the sea surface becomes 11 ° С.

On the Sea of ​​Azov, ice is chorishly pretending, altogether in conjunction with the frequent and sharp snake of the weather minds, in the winter, it can be more than once appearing and knowing, transforming from the insane into the drifting back. The ice will be restored at the end of the leaf fall in Taganrozkiy zatotsi. The residual cleansing of the sea through the ice will end up in the birch - kvitnі.

Roztashuvannya: Mіzh Balkan pіvostrovom, pіostrovom Mala Asia and the island of Crete.

Area: 191 sq. km.

Average depth: 377 m.

Nybilsha depth of 2 529 m.

Salinity: 38-38.5 ‰.

The current one: over the same period of time with the speed of 0.5-1 km / h.

Meshkantsi: sardini, mackerel, sponges, octopuses.

Dodatkova Information: The Egeysk Sea has established itself close to 20 thousand rockets as a result of the land drainage (Egenidi), due to the fact that there are numerous islands on the surface, most of them are Euboea, Crete, Lesbos, Rhodes.

Area: 422 thousand sq. km.

Average depth: 1 240 m.

Nybilsha depth: 2210 m.

Bottom topography: The Black Sea is a sinkhole, divided in the middle to the pidnatyam, yak to the continuation of the Krimskiy pvostrov.

Salinity: 17-18 ‰.

Meshkans: mullet, anchovy, mackerel, horse mackerel, pike perch, lash, sturgeon, oseledets, piksha, sea yorzh, red mullet and іnshi, dolphins, music, oysters, crabs, shrimps, actinia, sponges; close to 270 species of greenery, brown and red algae.

These: circles of circulation in an anticyclonic straightness.

Dodatkova information: The Chorne Sea established about 7,500 times as a result of raising the level of the Holy Ocean, before the sea was a majestic lake; the waters of the Black Sea at a depth of 200 m above sea level, so there are only anaerobic bacteria.

Roztashuvannya: the coastline of Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula and the Land of Cotes.

Area: 2 796 thousand sq. M .. km.

Average depth: 3,000 m.

Nybilsha depth 6 820 m.

Average temperature: tsiliy rik the sea in krygoyu.

Meshkans: whales, seals.

Dodatkova information: more part of the sea inside the ice, drifting and numerical icebergs; the sea was baked in 1823 by the English precursor of J. Weddell, renamed in honor of 1900.

Roztashuvannya: a part of the Middle-Earth Sea, roztashovanie between the Apennian Pivostrovny and the islands of Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica.

Area: 214 thousand sq. km.

Average depth: 1,519 m.

Nybilsha depth: 3 830 m.

Bottom relief: the sea is a gorge, lined with a lance of sub-water mountain peaks and active volcanoes (Vesuvii, Stromboli).

Salinity: 37.7-38 ‰.

The current state of affairs is a zagalny cyclonic circulation.

Meshkantsi: sardini, tuna, sword-riba, vugor and іnshі.

Dodatkova information: the sea is named in honor of the ancient tribe of the Tyrians, which lived for an hour in Old Greece on the Apenninsky Piostrov.

Roztashuvannya: between Europe and Africa.

Area 2,500 thousand sq. km.

The average depth is 1541 m.

Nybilsha depth 5 121 m.

Bottom topography: Algerian-Provence basin with depths below 2 800 m, Central basin with depths close to 5 100 m, Levantinsky basin (4 380 m); depressions of the Alboran, Balearic, Liguriy, Tirrenskiy, Adriatic, Ionichny, Yegeiskiy and Marmuroviy, Central Ulogovin seas.

Salinity: 36-39.5 ‰.

Technical: Kanarska, Levantinskoe.

Meshkans: white-bellied seal, sea turtles, 550 species of ribs (sharks, mackerel, oseledtsy, anchovy, mullet, corifenovye, tuna, pelamidi, horse mackerel), 70 species of ribs, mors, cattle, including wrasse and rib-head; oyster, mid-sea-chornomorska mіdіya, sea fіnіk; octopus, squid, sepia, crab, lobster; number of species of jellyfish, siphonophore; sponges and red coral.

Dodatkova information: in the Middle-Earth Sea, the sea is Alboran, Balearske, Ligurijske, Tirrenske, Adriatic, Ionichne, Kritske, Yegeyske; In addition, the Marmurov, Chorne and Azov Sea are included in the basin of the Seredland Sea. The middle-ground sea is one of the warmest and salty seas of the Holy Ocean.

Roztashuvannya: a private part of the Atlantic Ocean, between the islands of Great Britain, the Orkney and Shetland islands, the Scandinavian and Yutlandian pvostrov and the Uzbeks of Europe.

Area 544 thousand sq. km.

Average depth: 96 m.

Bottom topography: it’s overwhelmingly flat with no small cans, depressions (Pivnichna, Severodatskaya, English), small gravel ridges often appear at the first entry.

Salinity: 31-35 ‰.

These are: warm, coming from the Atlantic Ocean through the Shetland Islands and the island of Great Britain, through the Pas-de-Calais channel.

Meshkans: oseledent, mackerel, triska, sea flounder, piksha, pollock, mackerel, sprat, stingray, sharks, music, sea comb, oysters.

Dodatkova information: in the Pivnichny sea there are close to 300 species of roselin and 1500 species of food.

Sargasov sea

Roztashuvannya: a part of the Atlantic Ocean, the Canary Islands, the Pivnichny Pasatnoy, the Atlantic Trends and the Golfstrom.

Area: 6-7 million sq. km (in the presence of seasonal cordons).

Average depth: 6,000 m.

Nybilsha depth 6 995 m.

Average water temperature: 18-23 ° С in a fierce one, 26-28 ° С in a serpentine.

Salinity: 36.5-37 ‰.

Technologies: Golfstrom, Pivnichno-Atlantichny, Kanarska, Pivnichne Pasatne leaks.

Meshkans: mackerel, flying ribs, sea golka, crabs, sea turtles and іnshі.

Dodatkova information: the name of the sea resembles the Portuguese word Sargaso, which in the cross-section means "grapes", besides, in the sea there is a great purchase of buoyant brown water "sargassi"; the surface of the sea may be 1 m high and equal to the ocean.

Roztashuvannya: between Europe and Little Asia.

Top: 11,472 sq. km.

Average depth: 259 m.

Nybilsha glybin 1 389 m.

Bottom relief: bilya shores develop without water reefs.

Salinity: 16.8-27.8 ‰.

Meshkans: ribs (mackerel, oseledets, anchovy, mullet, tuna, horse mackerel, pelamidi, stingray, whips and іnshi), oysters, honey, squid, crabs, lobsters and іnshі.

Dodatkova information: the sea otrimal I will name the island's suppliers, on which there were lots of boxes of white marmur, which was called Propontide for a long time.

Roztashuvannya: Zakhidna chastina Atlantic Ocean, between Central and New America.

Area: 2 754 thousand sq. km.

Average depth is 2 491 m.

Nybilsha depth 7 680 m (Cayman zholob).

Bottom relief: glide-water ridges (Caymanov, Aves, Beata, Porig Marselino), ugovina (Grenada, Venezuela, Columbia, Bartlet, Yucatan).

Salinity: 35.5-36 ‰.

The current collapse from the outset to the west, when entering from the Mexican inflow, give an ear to the Gulfstream.

Meshkans: sharks, flying ribs, sea turtles and other species of tropical fauna; sperm whales, humpback whales, seals and manatees can be seen.

Dodatkova information: The Caribbean Sea, between the Mexican outflow, through the new one to pass the best Morskiy Shlyakh, Scho z'єdnu through the Panama Canal port of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

In one name only the Atlantic Ocean is of a majestic scale. Win a part of the Svitovoy ocean and revenge significant reserves water resources... For their own sizes, winners sit on a friend (Quiet) place. A quarter of all the water on the planet takes place at the new one, and a lot - 25%. The enemy's majestic area, yak warehouse is close to 91 million square meters. km. Not less significant water supply, a sklav behind the remaining data is 329.7 million km ³. Such an indicator, yak middle glybin ocean, vvazhaєtsya rіvnim 3 600 meters. The salinity of the Atlantic Ocean is approximately 35%. On the current day of the show, we carried out tests and, as a result, set more accurate data, which means that the average sea level for the ocean is 4022 meters long.

I will call my name the Atlantic Ocean in a non-drop-down fashion, as a version of this trip. First to say that they were so named in honor of the legendary continent of Atlantis, their friend was based on the one that was named after the name of the hero of ancient myths - Atlanta, which on his shoulders has seen the whole sky. To see the geographic mission of finding the mythical hero - in the very extreme point western part of the Seredzemnomor'ya.

Great scientific interest in the sea of ​​yachts - close to 14.69 million km², about 16% of the entire area of ​​the ocean. To the seas and inflows there are: Bristolsky inflow, Irish, Baltiyske, Pivnichne more, as well as Finsky, Bothnian and Rizky inflows. Yaksho pererakhovuvati the Atlantic Ocean, then tse і Seredzemne, і those seas, such as Balearske, Alboran, Ligurіyske, Adriatic, Tirrenske, Ionichne, Egeyske, Marmurove, Chorne, Azovske prod.Tsei list , Sargasov e, Weddell, Karibske, the outlets of Men, Mexican, St. Lawrence and Labrador, the Scotia Sea can be found here.

The seas of the Atlantic Ocean may have indirect links with their main dzherel, you will be able to go through the rostrum of the inflow of the sea, that is why there is a growth in the development, the power of only a number of specific regions climatic mind, And also quilting in the minds of different species of flora and fauna.

In the middle of the earth, the sea rose between Asia, Europe and Africa. at the pivnichny descent they are tied with the Marmur Sea, and the Bosphorus canal with the Chornim. On the side of the pivdennogo outright, you will find yourself behind the help of the unique Wormon Sea. 2,500 thousand km - the whole area of ​​the Seredzemny Sea, in that hour it will become 3839 thousand km ³.

Take a look at the ocean of Pivnichny, and Chorne for the rakhun of the waters of the Susidnich Marmurovoy and Seredzemny sea... Baltic Sea - mainland, area of ​​yogo - 385 yew. Km, average depth - 86 meters. Suchasnі obrisi won approximately 2.5 thousand rockіv that. The voyage lasted for 21,700 km3.

At the Atlantic Ocean enter the Chorne inland sea. On a first visit beyond the Bosporus Strait, you will find yourself behind such a sea, like Marmurov. Yogo area - mayge 413.5 yew. Km, and the average road depth is 1000 m (with a maximum road depth of 2245 m), the volume of water in the sea is 537 yew. Km. cubic.

Already on the outskirts of bagatyokh to form is even more important than life-free appearances, such as Golfstrom. Take a cob on the first step Wine of America... The width of the current of the Atlantic Ocean is 75 km, and the speed of the road is 6-30 km / h. For a new one, a characteristic warm upper ball of water with a temperature of 26 degrees and a liquidity, like lying in such boundaries - 6-30 km / h. є European powers, Yaki roztashovani on the shores, m'yakiy i friendly climate, Duzhe comfortable for living. Warmth, like seeing Golfstrom, equivalently the amount of heat, like building 1 million nuclear power plants.