Naybіlshі promislovі center of Europe. Great promises of the center of Europe and its specializations

Zakhidna Europe is one of the most developed regions of the world. Yak yogo political card Thus, the territorial structure of the state is renowned for its great folding, versatility, mosaicism, abundance of university, and linear elements of the supporting frame of the territory. Here є the country is obviously not viskim rіvnem"Development" of the territorial structure of the state, ale їkh nebagato - Portugal, Greece, Ireland. Є Kilka of the country from the middle of the year, for example Spain, Finland, Dania. A bit more of the land, the region has reached the same high level of "maturity" of the territorial structure. The stench itself made the greatest infusion on the formation of the macroterritorial structure of the entire Western European region, with the main visual rice, which can be taken into account. "Central axis of development".

So it is accepted to name that part Western Europe, Yaka, stretching from pivnichi for about 1600 km every day, will set up the core of the territorial structure of the development of the state. It is surrounded by a clever line Manchester - Hamburg - Venetsia - Marseille - Manchester, won’t, as is often said, the shape of a banana. At the same time, a great part of England appears in the borderlines, Zakhidna chastina FRN, private and shared parts of France, Switzerland, Private Italy. The population density on the territory of the "axis" is up to 300 people per 1 km 2, which is a lot of times larger than it is. Immediately there is an offense of Western European megalopolis - English and Rhine-Rursk, rich in great city agglomerations. Here are concentrated 2/3 of the entire industrial potential of Western Europe, the development of the main industrial center (Fig. 65). It is not less important that the territory of the "axis" as bi has taken in itself the head of the high-risk districts ("districts-motors") of Western Europe, in order to establish a role in the sphere of financial and informational activity. Naybilsh yaskravny butts of this kind can serve the "holy places" London and Paris. To deliver tales, in the skin of them - close to 30 headquarters of the largest corporations.

On the thought of the leaders of the people, the formulation of the "Central Axis" has come to a head in the hours of the Roman Empire. However, there is a great deal of importance, when the main haircut of the 19th century became the winy, it is significantly lower than the meridional trade route along the Rhine and the Rony, and the formation of the "axis" itself, as such, as it appeared in the same length of two industrial revolutions, in the 19th-century and modern scientific and technological revolution. It is especially important to refer to the fact that the skin of the cich stages is attributed to the type of industrial regions, which in the boundaries of the "Central Axis" there are a few dozen.

With the flow of the natural resource official and the organization of the Kam'yanovugilny and Zaliz ore basins anyway in the 19th century. There were such great vugilno-metallurgical districts, such as Midland and Pivnichno-Skhidny in Great Britain, Rurian and Saar in Nimechchin, Pivnichny and Lotharinzky in France, Pivdenny in Belgium. On the working resources of the winery regions and textile industries: Lancashire and Western Yorkshire near Great Britain, Munsterland, Palatinate and Upper Franconia in Nimechchin, Lyonsky district and Elsas in France, Zahidna France. Until the ear of the scientific and technological revolution, all the stinks appeared in the number of depressive ones and became objects of regional policy.

In the first half of the XX century. in the boundaries of the "axis" there have been winners of industrial areas and from the organization of new halls of industry - in the area of ​​machinery, automobile manufacturing, manufacturing of plastics, synthetic fibers and synthetic fibers. The natural-resource factor in many ways leads to a different plan, sacrificing the factor of work force, which makes it possible for transport. Hannoversky, Serednyo-Rheinsky, Ronsky, Swiss, Pivnichno-Italian, as well as Londonsky and Parisky, can serve as butts of such districts.

In the 50-60's XX century, If you go back to the sea, the state profile of such areas as Rotterdam, Gamburzkiy, Nizhnia Sena, Marselskiy. Port-industrial complexes became the cores of them. Ale overnight, the formation of the dynamic, high-rise districts, which concentrate the new scientific research, the NDDKR, the most qualified work force, began to form. Nowadays it is not often called central, and not only the EGP leaders, but in conjunction with this mischievous person, as they take the stench in the government of the country. In the middle of these districts it is possible to see a rich and functional metropolitan area, in the first Chergu Londonsky and Parisky. Ale, in the middle, and not even in the capital, I want it to be highly urbanized, but the structure of the economy of the region may seem to be the case, but it has disappeared in the last ten years "on an empty mission."

Small. 65. Industrial Center of Western Europe

Naybilsh yaskravim a butt of this kind can, mabut, serve the FRN. Pivden and Pivdenny Zakhid of the community of the land in the pre-hour vvazhivshis little not wilderness. Here, the Silskoe empowerment was respected, and textile industry began to develop beyond the halluse of promiscuity. With a cob of scientific and technological revolutions, the districts have turned their respect for overworking resources. Then there was the supply of main oil pipelines, which helped to reduce the problem of fire safety. Buly vorenі naukovі centri, a great inflow adding a vіyskovo-industrial complex. Axis chomu shche in the 1970s, pp. Bavaria has overtaken the land of Pivnichny Rhine-Westphalia for a large number of industrial branches, and Munich as an industrial center has become a competition with Hamburg itself.

The headquarters and the main enterprises of the companies are located on the territory of the Pivdennaya Bavaria, which work in the field of robotics, laser and medical technology, as well as other concerns The land of Baden-Württemberg has become the "patrimony" of fine and precise verstatobuvannya, electronics, naphtha and other everyday galuses. Here you can especially see the industrial district of Stuttgart, where there are provincial enterprises of the Daimler-Benz concerns (automobiles, products) and Robert Bosch (electronics, automatic systems management). And according to tradition, in the area of ​​Frankfurt am Main (the land of Hesse), there are concentrated the most banks of the country, pharmaceuticals, electronic transport machinery.

Unimportant at the most economical level in the boundaries of the "Central axis of development", there is a sense of internal awareness. In Perche, two great natural cordons - the English Channel and the Alpi - are subdivided into three parts of the world: the middle and middle parts of the world. In a different way, economics geographers do not often see “cores” in the middle of nowhere, for so are the promises of trikutniki. For example, in Great Britain there is a “trikutnik” Birmingem - Liverpool - Hull, in the lower reaches of the Rhine, Antwerp - Amsterdam - Cologne, in the Pivnichniy Italii - Milan - Turin - Genoa. At the same time, the skin of the tops of such a "tricycle" has its own function. So, in the Pivnichniy Italii Milan Vikon the role of the most industrial, financial, trade, transport and cultural center, and in general - the economic capital of the country. Turin is an old industrial center with a versatile industry, in which it is seen as an automobile: the Mirafiori plant is located here - the head of the enterprise of the FIAAT company. Genoa is a vicon of the function of sea ports with a typical "port" industry.

Even a great inflow on the geographic baby "wasp" integration processes within the framework of the European Union. Smells for the internationalization of the virobnitstva, capital and information infrastructure, weakened by the bar'ern themselves and with the help of the contact function sovereign cordons... As a result, in the boundaries of the "axis", there are more types transcordon regions, de form a single economic space in miniatures, how to wriggle around the interconnections of the government, infrastructure, labor and cultural trips of residents.

Such transcordon regions and ninety іsnuyut on cordons between Belgium, Netherlands and FRN, Netherlands and FRN, France, FRN and Luxembourg, France and Switzerland. One of the most typical appearances for them is the current transcordon overflows frontaliers, that is, people who live in one, but work in the other regions of the world. For example, there is a large number of French frontaliers on the ear of the 1990s, pp. perevischit 100 yew. OSIB.

One of the applications in the Transcordon region in the boundaries of the "Central Axis of Development" can serve the statements of the Maas - Rhine region in 1976, which united the Belgian provinces Lutte and Limburg, the Dutch province of Liemburg, as well as the city of Finland. The population of the district is close to 4 million people. Vono rozmovlyaє nіmetskoyu, French and Dutch translations.

The first butt - the Transcordon region, quickly changing the Saar - Lor - Lux, which includes the territory of the common regions: the whole of Luxembourg, the French Lorraine, the Saarland and parts of the Luxemburg-Palatinate land in the Federal Republic of Germany, and The rink of the pratsi district (80 thousand "Trudovikh chavnikiv" per day) is the largest in the EU, and the main part of the pratsiu frontaliers in Luxemburg (Fig. 66). Here it was formulated: a great metallurgical complex, which calls for gold ore, metallurgical and coking enterprises of the French Lorraine, Nimetsky Saar, Luxembourg and Belgium; naphtochemical complex Klarenthal (Saar) - Karlin (Lorraine) - Besh (Saar).

Small. 66. The arrival of frontaliers in Luxembourg from the mainland

The third butt is the Basel and Geneva transcordon regions in Switzerland and the other regions. Basel region hunt 5 Swiss, 5 French and 13 Nimets the backbone of the population approx. 500 yew. cholovik. In total, no less than 1/3 of the inhabitants are sent to work in Basel. And the canton of Geneva has a 100-kilometer cordon from France, and the stars in the whole sometimes come to the robot 50 thousand. Frontaliers.

You can do it, but for an hour staying behind the butt of the "Central axis of development" of Western Europe and Transcordon regions, and in Central Eastern Europe: on the cordon of Nimechchin and Poland, Nimechchin and Czech and Czech, Czech Republic. In 1993, it was bared about falling asleep in the "Korop and T i" district with a population of 10 million people. Parts of the territories of Poland, Slovakia, Ugorshchina and Ukraine have gone to the new.

Storinka 10 s 25

Financial, commercial and industrial centers of Europe : Zyurich, Munich, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Marseille, Milan. Rhine and English megalopolis .

Vvazhaєtsya, scho Europe is the provincial center of the sacred statehood. Yak and what? Vivchaum statehood of Europe: structure of GDP of European regions, industry, energy statehood, metallurgy, agrarian complex.

The characteristic of Europe's statehood is hidden

One of the best important centers svitovaya Gospodarstvo є Europe. Gospodarstvo Evropi Volodya 25% of the GDP of the world, as well as becoming 15% of the export. Gentleness of the European Region is even more important in the sector. So 65% of GDP is non-material sphere: communication, transport, trade, financial activity, Management and services.

Such places yak Tsurich, London, Frankfurt on the Main are the best financial centers of the world. Europe is also a coliski of light industry. On the virobnitstvo fall 30% of the GDP of the region. Silske the statehood is actually not rozvinene, and its part is to become 5% of the country's GDP.

The symbol of the state of honor is the one who is European lands enter the ЄC, and that means - sp_vpratsyuyut around oneself, exchange with admittance and material and technical base, as well as conduct a social call policy.

An important role in the promotion of the state is the European Monetary Union, which has been since 1999. The only currency, the yaka, was introduced in 2002 to the economic development of the country.

Europe's prominence

Nearly 20% of light industrial products belong to Europe. There is a galuz of industrial machinery and equipment, it borrows 35% of all products to the region, as well as 75% of exported goods. Automotive industry is especially rooted in Nimechchina and France.

Significant part of the GDP is to become a chemistry industry. Great Britain and Nimechchina are the main centers for the production of chemical products. The country itself is the main competitors of the United States, the leader of the chemistry industry.

Europe is kindly rozvinenno - energetic government. Providne a loan of vidobutok gas, cam'yanogo, brown vugilla, as well as virobnitstvo energy resources. Levova part of elektroenergії viroblyatsya on TES. In Norway, Switzerland and Sweden, there is a GES, in France and in the Baltic countries AES.

Chorna metallurgy is especially developed in the regions, where the natural reserves of Syrovini Gretsia, France, Italy, Great Britain. The main centers of the Lisbon industry are France, Austria and Switzerland. It’s easy to be on the high rivn for a trickle of cheap work force from the lands of the victim’s expanse. Main center textile production Spain, Italy and Portugal.

Agrarian complex

Europe is surrounded by the resources of its native lands. Tse does not allow the export of comrades from the Silskohospodarskogo virobnitstva. product level Silskoy government Satisfied with the internal consumption of the population.

Vinatok is a deyak of production of creation and trade. So, for example, Norway, Portugal and Iceland of the Ribbon export. Europe is a great svitovy exporter of dairy products and meat.

It is a pity, after the completion of the Other Holy War, the deyaki of the development of the galusa of the Silskoy state dignity fell ill and could not go to the proper dosage.

Great Britain in the past is a great wyrobnik outside and in lion, practically doesn’t vigorously produce this year’s products.

Svitovi financial centers (English International financial centers) - the center of the middle banks and special credit and financial institutions, so that international currency, credit and financial operations, by the papacy and gold. Svitovi financial centers - London, New York, Tsurich, Frankfurt am Main, Luxembourg, Singapore and other.

Until the first light of the city by the financial center of bouv London. The price is accompanied by a high level of development of capitalism in Great Britain, by strong and great trade links with other countries, by a common value of a pound of sterling, by a developed credit system of the country. Pislya First Worldwide The Provincial Worldwide Financial Center has moved to the United States. Since the 60s, the monopoly camp of the United States is like the financial center of Bulo pidirvano, as well as the winery of the new center - Western Europe and Japan.

Main types

Svitovi financial streams - interdistrict rukh of pennies, such as servicing international commodity turnover and international rukh of capital. In the state of light, the overflow of a penny capital is constantly being given to the capital, which is formed in the process of capital circulation. We will cut light financial flows є material processes of production. There are a number of factors that can be used to streamline and direct the flow of flux: the economy's mill; mutual liberalization of trade; structured perebudova in the economy.

Svitovi financial flows of service of goods, services and interdepartmental capital transfer among competing sub'ekts of the retail market. In addition, the stench gives a signal about the state of affairs, which serves as an organizer for taking decisions by managers.

Rukh of light financial streams go to the following main channels: 1) Currency and credit and financial services buying and selling goods and services; 2) Foreign investments in the main and turnover capital; 3) Operations with valuable paperwork and financial instruments; 4) Currency operations; 5) Redrawn a part of the national income through the budget in the form of assistance to the countries, which develop from outside powers to international organizations and on.

The regions of the EU have long ago pushed to open the government's financial center. With the introduction of Euro in 1999, the EU market has become a different one in terms of the scale of the US stock market. Oskіlki price of paper and derivatives (old price of paper) are nominated in one currency - Euro currency risk. For the rest of the hour, Great Britain pulled the palm of the light financial center to London.

Svitovym financial center Tsurіkh, which Oscarzhu the first place in London for operations in gold, as well as Luxembourg. Svitovy financial center became Tokyo in a way that strengthens the position of Japan in the svitovy state dignity.

Svitovi financial centers, de credit establish the operation in the main with non-residents in the land for this land of currency, I named the financial centers "offshore". Tsei term approximates the concept of the Euroinq. Such financial centers can also serve as a yielding brothel, some of the operations on them do not end up with monetary tributes and money from foreign exchange. In a given hour, more than 1000 filings and updates of earth banks are allocated in 13 light financial centers. Zyurich, Munich, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Marseille, Milan are available to the financial centers. Rhine and English megalopolis.

Munich misto at pivdni FRN. Administrative center of the land of Bavaria. An important economic and cultural center of the country. Roztashovany on the river. Izar. Population 1.3 million Chol. (1971); near Great Munich, which amass 150 huddled communities, 1.8 million inhabitants. An important university for railways, automobiles and apprentices (the aerodrome in front of Rome and in Erdinger-Mose is of international significance). The warrior's rock is rapidly developing industry, especially new galuzy. For a large number of people engaged in the industry, they borrowed electrical engineering, electronics, household appliances (37%), retail and transport machinery (29%), paper and polygraphic (9%), sewing and textile (7%), 6% ), promiscuity. Chemistry industry has a variety of chemistry-pharmaceutical, humic virobes, film and photo films, piece materials. Unimportant for saving the number of industrial enterprises (14 thousand. W 110 thousand. Working) and middle industrial enterprises, a role in the industry should belong to the largest concerns: "Simens" - electrical engineering and electrical engineering, important Quandt "(BMW company) - avtobuvannya," Flik "(Krauss-Maffi company) - virobnizstvo buses, important vantage cars," Messershmitt-Belkov-Blom "- aviaraketobuduvannya," Junkers "- aviaobuvannya. M. - one of the largest banking centers ("Bayerishe Ferainsbank AG", "Bayerishe ipoteki und vekselbank") and insurance ("Allianz ferzikherungs AG", "Municher rukferzikherungs-gesellshaft." International fairs are held periodically. In M. there are: University of IM. Lyudviga Maximiliana (Div. Munich University), Technical University, Bavarska academy imaginative mystery and vishcha music school. Museums: Nimetsky Museum, Bavarian National Museum, Glyptotek, Star and Nova Pinakothek and in. (Div. Bavarian State of Zbori Pictures), Theater Museum and In. Theater.

Hamburg another for the size of the place of Nimechchin, on the river. Elba, 110 km from the depression in the Pivnichne sea. 1726 yew. Zhiteliv (2002). Forward to guess in 715 r, in the IX century. vidomy yak fortress, originated by Charlemagne. Z 831 r - the center of the bishopric, at 834-845 rr. - archbishopric. In the end of the XIII century. self-made and becoming one of the most recent members of the Hanseatic League. At the XVI century. - one of the biggest ports in Europe. In 1815, he became a member of the Nimetsky Union. In 1937, before the warehouse of G., the inclusions of the Altona Suspended Misto (western Okraina). G. Buv strongly zruynovany bombarduvannym 1943-45 rr. Among the preserved relics of the old times: the Churches of Katarini (XIV-XV centuries), Jacob (XIV centuries), Mikhnael (XVIII centuries) I keep "Bol. Mikhel". Metropolitan. University (1919). Ін-т nuclear doslіdzhen. Opera. Museums: Altonskiy (history and culture of Sivsha. Nimechchini), ethnography, Kunsthalle, arts and crafts, etc. Famous Ribniy Market Fischmarkt, Hopvenmarkt Square, Town Hall (1897). Рід. composer F. Mendelssohn і І. Brahms. Hagenbecks Zoo, Panopticon. Take care of the river with two houses underwater tunnels. Golovny sea port of the country, international Fuhlsbuettel airport. Important prom., Torg., Finance. and cult. Centre. Naybіlsh development of shipbuilding, avіabuvannya, electro-magnetic technology. i radioel. industry, color metallurgy, exact mechanics, naftopere., chem., light, woodworking, grub. prom-st. Pr-in royal_iv. Great bargaining. pr-ku, birzhi, banks, vidavnitstva.

Rotterdam- a place in the Netherlands, in the province of Pivdenna Holland. The most important port of the world, the most important trade and industrial center of the country; the other in the land of Amsterdam for the number of inhabitants of the city - 654 thousand. residents in 1973. The development on both banks of the pivnichny arm of the Rhine delta, called the New Maas; the glide-water channel Novy Vodniy Shlyakh from the Pivnichny Sea, accessible for the great ocean-going ships (outport - Hook-van-Holland). R. - vuzol zaliznyts and aviaspoluchen (airdrome Zestinhoven). The position of the R. is known to be called internal and internal water routes, for the passage to the sea of ​​the river. The Rhine, took the economical growth of the place and the transformation of it into a significant transit and trade-transshipment point for vantages, which would flow directly from the Pivnichnaya Sea along the Rhine and into a vorotny straight line. Nearly 2/3 of all deliveries and imports of the country pass through the port, as well as about 3/4 of all transports along the Rhine, up to 300 million tons (1973). The main imported items: naphtha (70% of all imported), ores of black and color metals, vugilla, lis, rubber, chemical comrades, grains, bavovna and other; luck: nafto products (70% of all luck), Kam'yane vugillya(From the Rursky Basin), chemists, cars, ustatkuvannya, court and іn., And also threw food. On 1/5 of vivos and imported through R. - transit vantages.

R. and yogo outskirts - high disgrace industrial area, the industry of which is based on the leading rank on privyzn_y sirovin. R. - one of the provincial centers in Western Europe for the refinery and the chemical industry (plastic, nitrogen goodness, etc.); The demand for oil refineries (to locate Royal Dutch-Shell, British Petroleum, Esso, Chevron and Gulf) is close to 90 million tons (1974), the main factories are located in the Botlek and Pernis areas. From the river on the west to Skhidam and Vlardingen, and on the first descent to Dordrecht, there is a lance of machinery and equipment enterprises - shipyards, industrial enterprises, which produce port equipment, electrical equipment. R. also has a wide range of kharchosmakov and light industry (food production, margarine, tea, cocoa, kawi processing; textile and garment production).

R. has the governing board of the Anglo-Dutch international monopolies "Royal Dutch-Shell" and "Uniliver", the Rotterdam Bank (div. Amsterdam-Rotterdam Bank). R. has a university of im. Erazma, Academy of Arts, Conservatory, National Institute of Navigation and Shipbuilding, Royal Netherlands Suspension of Natural History, the State of the Netherlands for the establishment of socially healthy medicine and protection. Museums: Historical Museum of M. R., Maritime Museum "Prins Hendrik", art gallery, Museum of Ethnology. Some libraries: Municipal Library, Library of the University IM. Erasmus.

Marseilles(Marseille), a place in France, a place on the birch tree of the Lyonsky Zatoka Midland Sea... Another for the magnitude of the land of the land (painting of Paris). Administrative center for the department of Bouches-du-Rhone. 890 thousand inhabitants (1968), in the agglomeration 964.4 thousand people. The most important port of France, close to the arm of the river Roni, with the M. of the canal. M. is a great port complex, including the harbor of the old port, the new port, connections at the new port of the place, and a series of misters, the head rank on the birch lagoon of the Ver and the outflow of Fos. Vantazhobіg port 75 million tons in 1971 (close to 1/3 vantazhiv_gov all French ports), including 50 million tons of naphtha, part of which in the blue viglyad is transported along the pipelines in Mista Lion, Strasbourg, as well as Karlsruhe (FRN). M. is a university of the zalіznichnyh, automobiles and minors (the airport in the town of Marignan), by and large, a great center of tourism.

M. is one of the provincial industrial centers of France. Particularly important galusies are naphtha processing (the capacity of factories is up to 20 million tons per year), naphtha production and chemical industry (production of synthetic rubber, plastic, good and int.), The promiscuity of kharchosmakov was rejected, but he was too big. Industrial enterprises distribution in the area of ​​port facilities. The new port-industrial complex will be built in the Misti-compatriot Fos (de, zokrema, the metallurgical complex is being built for the participation of the SRSR).

Milan It’s not only the largest trade, financial and transport center of all of Italy, but the capital of fashion and design.

Roztashovaniye of wines at the party of the Italian and є administrative center of the Lombardy region.

For representatives of the modern world, it is much more common to hold international shows and conferences, those who like to shop for a shop do not know Milan as one of the capitals of light fashion, gourmets and gourmets know there is a great number of restaurants to visit. Visnichnye monuments, museums and theaters, which are famous for the whole miraculous place.

Industry of Western Europe: specialization of specialization
development trends Fuel and energy complexЗ-I, until recently, spirited on the power resources (vugillya). Infection і transition to naphtha і natural gas It can be seen near the region itself - in the Pivnichny Sea (1/3 of the demand), as well as imported from the countries, which are developing in Russia. A fraction of oil and gas in the burner-energy balance is close to 45%. At the TES, 50% of the electricity is used, and at the HPP - about 15%. The more important place is to occupy the AEC.metallurgy industryЗ-I was basically formed before the ear of the era of scientific and technological revolution. Chorna Metallurgy took the first step for everything in the FRN, Great Britain, France, Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg. Pislya WWII Steel Metallurgy Center seaports from orієntаtsієyu to import more high-quality and cheap gold ore... For an hour remaining in black metallurgy, the trend is maintained until the future factories of small size (mini-backwaters). We also took out the development of color metallurgy galusies: aluminum melting - from France, Italy, Greece, Norway, Switzerland, FRN, Austria; viplavka міді - in the Federal Republic of Science, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium. Machinery and metal processing- provincial industrial products of the ZE, at this part of the seizure is close to 1/3 of the production of industrial products in the region and 2/3 of the export. The development of all the main halls of machine-building was taken away, and the especially great value of the transport machine-building (automobile-building, ship-building) and verstato-building. per zalny rіvnyu The development of machines is seen on the front of the Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy Chemistry in WE borrowed 2 months for a car buiding. great centri naphtha roztashovany near the Rhine, Thames, Seni, Elbi, Roni; in them, the tsia galuzi will go to the naphtopererobka.Easy prominence ze Starі Industrial textile regions near Great Britain, Belgium, France, and the Italian market are not very big, but, moreover, it is easy to make up for the European work, de reserve so cheap.Industrial reserves є in the Netherlands, France; vugilla - at FRN (Rursky basin), Great Britain (Uelsky basin, Newcastle basin); gold ore - from France (Lorraine), Switzerland; ores of kolorovyh metals - in the Federal Reserve, Spain, Italy; caline salts - from FRN, from France and in. Allegedly, the ancestry is close to visnazhennya.Nimechchina to see the goodness of the stone and brown wood. There is little of our own oil and natural gas.France. Main regions vidobutku vugillaє Lorraine(9 million tons) і vugіlny basins of the Central array. Zdobich gas I will not overtake 3 billion cubic meters. m. - one of the most great ancestors of the French gas - Lacquer in Pirenei, which is very popular.Great Britain The main dzherels of energy are vugilla and naphtha, at the lower stage - natural gas. Coal shoe industry is one of the oldest industry galuses in Great Britain. On the ear of the capital, the British Vugilla has been transferred to the global market, while at the same time in Great Britain, more than 80 million tons of Vugilla will be added. The main areas of the coal are Cardiff, Pivdenny Wales and Central England (Sheffild). Nafta vidobuvayut on the shelf of the Pivnichnaya Sea near shidny uzberezhzh England and Scotland. Shorichny vidobutk warehouseє more than 94 million tons. The main backwaters for the processing of oil rots in Southampton, Cheshire, Yorkshire. Dohіd from the export of naphtha up to 150 million pounds sterling. Vidobutok gas to become 55 billion cubic meters. m. in growth and growth. Electricity is based on thermal and hydroelectric power plants. The number of HES rots in the mountainous regions of Scotland and Wales, and the HES - in the coal and water regions. The part of the AES is small, the rest of the rock the improvement of construction works. IC- Kam'yanovugilny pools: Yorkshire, Northumberland-Daremsky, Pivdenno-Uelsky. Natural gas: Leman-Bank, Brent, Morecambe, Lockton, West Sol, Hewett, Indefatigubl, Frigge, Vayking.naphtha: Brent, Fortis, Statfjord, Kormorant, Nainian, Piper, Fulmar.Zalizna ore: Artlborough, Northamptonshirskoe, Frodinghmskoe, Northumberlandsky-Daremsky