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Yaky land roztashovani on the birch of the Seredland Sea. Naybilsh vidviduvana srednemomorska region: the regions of the sered earth sea to love tourists

Between the Atlantic Ocean and Europe, Asia and Africa. Omiwaє shores of Spain, France, Italy, Monaco, Malta, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chornohora, Croatia, Slovenia, Albania, Greece, Turechchina, Republics of Cyprus, Syria, Lviv, Ivana Gibraltarskoy channel z'udnane with the Atlantic Ocean. The area is 2 505 thousand km 2, the depth is up to 5 121 m, the middle is 1 536 m.
Name Midland Sea see walnuts, lat. Mare mediterranea the sea in the middle of the Earth, remnants of the antique European and ancient African civilizations developed in the basin of the very sea, like a natural path of commune among them.
The Turkish and Crimean Tatar language of the Seredzemne Sea is called the Bile Sea of Ak Deniz. Tsereba vrahovuvati zokrema when reading middle texts.
The Romans called the sea our sea lat. Mare Nostrum, Oskilki in that part of all the lands on the Uzbek Sea entered the warehouse of the Empire.
In the Old Zavitі Seredzemne the sea is called the "Great Sea" Numbers 34: 6,7; Josh. 1: 4, 9: 1, 15:47; Єз. 47: 10,15,20. It is also to create the name "sea of philistines" Result 23:31, from the people who inhabited the part of the coast near Israel.
The inhabitants of Ancient Egypt called the Seredzemne sea “Great green water».
At the private part of the Middle-Earth Sea, oceanography sees every single one great p_vostrov and islands from the main part of the pool The Pacific: Alboran, Balearske, Ligurijske, Tirrenske, Adriatic, Ionichne, Yegeyske, Kiprske. The pools of the Seredland Sea include Marmurov, Chorne and Azov Sea.
Most significant inflows: Valencian, Lyons, Genoese, Taranto, Great Sirte cider, Gabes Maliy Sirte. The number of islands, the most Balearic, Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, Crete, Corsica. Great little rivers fall into: Nil, Ebro, Rona, Po.
scheme of panels sea flows worm in the Seredzemny sea. The arrows show in straight lines, the figures for the flow rate in m / s Posidonia oceanica at the bottom of the Middle-Earth Sea Average water temperature on the surface in a severe way 8-12 ° C to 17 ° C, in the serpentine 19 ° C in Lyonskiy float up to 27-30 ° C at the gathering. Salinity from 36 ‰ at entry to 39.5 ‰ at the exit. Add similar and change, the value in large areas become 0.1-0.5 m.
take care
The shores of the Sered-earth Sea near the mountainous Uzbeks are very abrasive, virivnyans, near the peneplains of the lagoon-estuaries and deltas. for shidny uzberezhzh The adriatic sea is characteristic of the Dalmatian coastline.
Ribal of sardini, tuna, mackerel, mackerel and іnshі, vidbotok naphtha and gas on the shelf of the private part of the Adriatic Sea, the Egeyske Sea.
It is important to pass through the Middle Land Sea sea routes We will call Europe and Africa with the provinces of the Middle East and Asia.
Most important ports: Marseille France, Genoa, Troyst, Venice of Italy, Pirey, Thessaloniki Grecia, Istanbul Turechchina, Beirut Levan, Haifa Izrail, Oleksandriya Egypt, Algeria Algeria, Barcelona Spain.
There are widespread resorts on the Cote d'Azur near France, Italy and Monaco, the Levantine Uzbek and Balearic Islands in Spain, the Dinar Uzbek in Croatia and Chornohora and others.
The bottom of the Mediterranean Sea extends by oceanographers to the end of the road with the steep continental cliffs and the glibinoy 2-4 km. Along the banks of the river, surrounded by the vuzkoy black sea shelf, which expands between the Uzbeks of Tunis and Sicily, as well as in the boundaries of the Adriatic Sea.
Behind the geomorphological regions, the basin of the Mediterranean Sea is connected to 3 main basins:
The stratigraphic growth of the bottom from top to bottom of all the houses is to be repaired by the hard work of the anthropogenic-Neogene comrades for the sack of the pyroclastic rocks in the Balearic and Ligurian Sea, and the distance given by the DSZ is 5-7 km. In the middle of the Messinsky area of the Algeria-Provence region, the role of forming saline evaporite products is significant for more than 1.5-2.0 km. The disclosures of the community often represent salt diapiri, which is a manifestation of salt tectonics. In the center of the Tirrenskoye street, there are a number of Vavilov and Vavilov volcanoes, along with extinguished and vigorous volcanoes in the center of the Tirrenske street. as well as the volcanoes of the Lipari Islands, they are sour and puddle lavas, the substitution of volcanoes in the central part of the Middle-Earth Sea may be much more dzherela magmi, and the stench is mainly represented by basalts.
A part of the central і skidny levantіnskіmі pool zapovnenі tedious siege breeds, in the main products of rychkovy wines avandelti, zokrem delta Nilu. At the bottom of these depressions, behind the data of the DSZ, there was a sight of the Gellensky glibokovodny gutter and the central Seredzemomorsky swell the great star of the head 500-800 m.
The gorges of the Seredzemny Sea are formed in an hour. A significant part of the Levantin Basin of the Bula was laid in the Mesozoic, the Algerian-Provencal Basin from the Olive-cob of the Miocene. Deyaki boules were formed on the cob in the middle of the Miocene and in the Pliocene. At Messinsky hour, on the big part of the Middle-Earth Sea, there were still some small streets. Glibina of the Algerian-Provencal Basin for an hour of precipitation of evaporation in the Messinian hour is estimated at 1-1.5 km. Silt accumulated as a result of intensive vaping and concentration of rose salt sea water in the back of the basin of sedimentation through the channel, periodically it was fed to Gibraltar.
The current glibinas Tirrenske traps were established as a result of the sinking of the seabed stretching over the Pliocene and Anthropogenes for the remains of 5 million Rockies. So it was the very first thing. Behind the DSZ data, the visibility of the granite ball in deep-water depressions was established, which gave geologists an opportunity to see the potential for those of the Seredzemne sea to relate to the paleoocean Tetis.
The bottom of the Middle-Earth Sea in Bagatyokh is promising for the genesis of carbohydrates, especially in the areas of widening salt-domed structures. In the shelf zones, the deposits of oil and gas are confined to the Mesozoic and Paleogene deposits.

On the sidelines of our website, you may know not only a large number of properties about destinations on the sea without intermediaries in the resorts Chornomorsk uzberezhzhі zones of distribution, and і about tariffs based on the main proposition, so brighten up the bills of wipes. Deliver only a little more than a resort. A dermal patient wants to spend a special hour on the sea, so that he will be able to tell his friends and relatives.

In the middle of the earth sea

Russian State Geological Development University

essay

on the topic: Midland sea

Department: Ecology and nature conservation

Group: EKO-06

Vikonav: Kurakov I.A.

Perevirila: Mazayev A.V.

Moscow 2008

Entry

Fiziko - geographic naris

Ekonomiko-geograichny naris

hydrogeological mind

Geological Budova and bottom relief

Ecological problems of the Middle Earth Sea

Into the place on the Seredzemne sea

The inflow of the Middle-earth Sea to Lyudin

visnovok

List of Literature

Entry

In my robot, I want to look at the problems of the sea, for that it smells even more tied to the lives of a person. There are many people living around them, this is a recreational zone (at the moment when people come to visit such people, you can go to the factory) port і etc. The first time I look at the Seredzemne sea, so that here you can look at the problem even if you look at it. But there is no need to think about it, but there are no problems in these seas, є, but in some other ways, it’s better.

In the middle of the earth, the sea juts into the land between Europe, Africa and Asia.

The seas and the basin of the Seredland Sea wash the shores of 22 powers:

Europe (from entering the train): Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Malta, Greece, Turechchini, Cyprus, Chornogoria, Croatia, Albania, Slovenia;

Asia (for a weekend): Turechchini, Syria, Kipru, Livana and Izrail;

Africa (right off the bat): Egypt, Libya, Tunisu, Algeria, Morocco.

On a private descent by the Dardanelli channel, it is possible to cross the Sea of Marmur and distant by the Bosphorus channel - from the Black Sea, on the open descent of the Suetsky channel - to the Chervonim sea.

Area 2500 yew. KmІ.

Vodi obsyag 3839 yew. Kmi.

The average depth is one thousand n'yat hundred forty one m, the maximum is 5121 m.

The shores of the Seredzemnoye Sea are near the mountainous Uzbek perevazhno abrasion, virivnyany, at the low - lagoon-estuary and delta; the coast of the Dalmatian type is characteristic for the skidny Uzbek coast of the Adriatic Sea.

Most significant inflows: Valencian, Lyonsky, Genuezky, Taranto, Sidru (B. Sirte), Gabes (M. Sirte).

Some of the islands: Balearic, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete and Cyprus.

Great rivers Ebro, Rona, Tibr, Po, Nil and іn flow into the Seredzemne sea; zagalny rychny stick їkh approx. 430 kmі.

Economic-geographic drawing.

The Uzbek coast of the Middle-Earth Sea is well-populated. viskim rіvnem state development (especially the country, roztashovani on yogo pivnichnom uzberezhzhi).

Silske the statehood of the middle-sea regions: to be seen as a virobnytvom of citrus fruits (close to 1/3 of the collection), bavovnya, olyinykh. In the system of international trade and economic links, the Seredzemne sea has a special position. We carry over three parts of the world (Europe, Asia and Africa), the Seredzemne Sea is an important transport route, along which the sea links between Europe and Asia, Pivnichnaya Africa, as well as Australia and Oceania pass. Important trade routes pass through the Middle-Earth Sea, which ring Russia and Ukraine from the provinces, and the great cabotage line from the Chornomorsk and nearby. Port of Russia and Ukraine. The transport significance of the Middle-Earth Sea water for Western Europe is growing without interruption at the link with the abundant fallow lands of the cich lands to the import of Syrovin. The role of the Seredzemny Sea in the transportation of naphtha is especially great. In the middle of the earth, the sea is an important "naphtha" way between Western Europe and the Close Gathering. A part of the first ports (heads of those - Marseilles, Truest, Genoa) in the production of Western Europe with naphtha are constantly growing (close to 40% in 1972). The ports of the Middle-earth Sea are tied by pipelines as with the provinces of Western Europe, including Austria, Nimechchinoy, France, Switzerland, as well as with the ancestors of oil from the Near Descent and the Ancient Africa. Great is also the transportation of agricultural species of syruvina, metal ores and bauxite, agricultural products along the Suetsky Canal, through which the link between Western Europe and Asia and Australia passes. Naybilshi port - Marseille from Avanport near France, Genoa, Augusta, Troyest in Italy, Sidra, Marsa Brega in Livia.

On the Uzbek coast of the Seredland Sea and on the islands, there are numerous industrial enterprises. A chemical and metallurgical industry has developed to the Syrovina, delivered by sea. In 1960-75, the islands of Sardinia and Sicily in Italy, and Roni's girls in France and in became great universities of chemistry. Razpochato views of oil and gas on the shelf of the Sered-land Sea (from.

Ribalism in the Middle Earth Sea The basins of the Atlantic are close to another. Industrialization of uzberezhzha, growth of places, development of recreational zones lead to intensive hardening of the coastal swamp. There are widespread resorts of the Cote d'Azur (Riv'era) near France and Italy, the Levantiyskiy Uzbek coastal resorts and the Balearic Islands in Spain and in.

hydrogeological mind

Hydrological minds of the Middle-Earth Sea to form in the flow of great viparovannya and foreign climatic minds. Revealing vitratic water over the arrival of the river until the lowering of the level, which is the reason for the steady inflow of the surface mensh of saline waters from the Atlantic Ocean and the Black Sea. In the bowls of the water, the ducts go through the high-saline waters, wicked by the difference in water power on the thresholds of the ducts. The main water exchange is carried through the Gibraltarska channel (the top. By a stretch, bring 42.32 thousand. Kmі to the river by the Atlantic water plate, and the lower one - to wine 40, 80 thousand. Kmі mid-sea); Through the Dardanelli, there are 350 and 180 km of water in the river. The circulation of waters in the Seredzemny sea is the main rank of the wind nature; the won is represented by the main, most zonal Canary current, which can carry water over and over. Atlantic travels of Africa, from the Gibraltarskoy canal to the banks of Livan, a system of cyclonic circuits near the Mediterranean seas and basins of evil in the course of the current. The common water up to 750-1000 m glibine is housed by a single direct water transfer along the glybin, behind the vignette of the Levantin industrial prototype, which is capable of transferring the Levantine water from the island. Malta to the Gibraltarskoy channel of Africa. The fluidity of the currents in the upper part of the sea is 0.5-1.0 km / h, in the other channels - 2-4 km / year. The average water temperature on the surface in a fierce fall from winter to weekday from 8-12 to 17 ° С in skh. i center. parts from 11 to 15 ° С by 3. Average temperature drive changes from 19 to 25 ° C. - at the extreme Descent, it moves up to 27-30 ° С. It is significant to increase from West to Skid from 36 to - 39.5. The strength of water on the surface changes from 1.023-1.027 g / cm3 per flow - up to 1.027-1.029 g / cm2 charged. During the period of winter cooling in areas with an increased degree of convective mixing, intensively convective mixing is developing, as it is to form high-salmon and warm industrial waters in Cx. Basin and sea waters in the north of the western basin, in the Adriatic and Aegean seas. For the bottom temperatures and salinity, the Middle-Earth Sea is one of the warmest and salty seas of the Holy Ocean (12.6-13.4 ° C and 38.4-38.7 as a rule). Introduce. water penetration up to 50-60 m, color - intense blue.

Sprinkle in the main pivdobov, їkh value is less than 1 m, ale in the section. points in the midst of wind surges, the level of water can reach 4 m (Genuez Bay, near the island of Korsica, on the coast of the island). Strong tidal currents (the Messinsky channel) are more likely to occur near the high-tide canals. Max. Hvilyuvannya is determined by the charge (height hwil reachє 6-8 m).

Geological Budova and bottom relief

The bottom of the Seredzemnoye Sea falls to the decile of the ulovin with admittedly steep continental grasses with a depth of 2000-4000 m; uzdovzh shores of the ugovina lined with vuzkoy smogy shelf, which expands only between Uzbeks Tunis and Sicilian, as well as in the boundaries of the Adriatic Sea.

Geomorphologically, the Middle-earth sea can be divided into three basins: Zakhidny - Algerian-Provence basin with a maximum depth of 2800 m, along with the depressions of the Alboran, Balear and Ligurian seas, and also the depression of the Tirrensky sea - 3600 m; Central - downstream 5100 m (Central Ulogovina and depressions of the Adriatic and Ionichny seas) і Skhidny - Levantinskiy, close to 4380 m (depressions of the Levant, Yegeiskiy and Marmuroviy seas). The bottom of the settlements in Crete is of the Neogene-Anthropogenous comrades (in the Balearic and Ligurian Sea it is tighter up to 5-7 km) of sedimentary and volcanic rocks. In the middle of the Messinian (Upper Miocene) extension of the Algerian-Provence uvine, the role of laying salt-bearing Evaporites (tautness of over 1.5-2 km) is significant, creating the structure characteristic of salt tectonics. Along the sides and in the center of the Tirrenske street, there are a number of great breaks with extinguished and active volcanoes timed to them; They make great flood mountains (Liparskie Islands, Vavilov volcano and іn.). Volcanoes on the outskirts of the lavas (in the Tuscany archipelazi, on the Pontzian Islands, Vesuvii, as well as the Lipari Islands) are sour and lavish lavas, volcanoes in the center, parts of the Middle-Earth Sea - more glibinas (basal lavas). A part of the Central and Skidny (Levant) Basin was reserved by siege comrades, including the forced products of grape wines, especially Nilu. At the bottom of the geophysical valleys, for the data of geophysical predictions, the visions of the west-water zholob and the Central Seredzemomorsky rampart are a great star with a height of up to 500-800 m. The gorges of the Seredzemny Sea are deeply rooted after an hour of laying. Significant part of the Skhidny (Levantinsky) basin was laid in the Mesozoic, the Algerian-Provenansky basin - from the oligocene - a cob of the Miocene, the deyaki of the Middle-Earth sea - on the cob - the middle of the Miocene, the Pliocene. In the end of the Miocene (the Messianic capital), on a large part of the area of the Middle-Earth Sea, there were also negligible cities. Glibina of the Algerian-Provence basin for an hour to add salts in the Messinian capital is close to 1-1.5 km. The salt accumulated as a result of a strong vaporization and concentration of salt as a result of the inflow of sea water into a confined water through a channel, which was sent to Gibraltar for the first time.

The current glibini Tirrenskoe traps were established as a result of the subsidence of the bottom stretching over the Pliocene and Anthropogenic period (for the rest of 5 million Rockies); as a result of such an alarmingly quick drop in the winners and deeds of the winners. Osvita ulogovin of the Middle-Earth Sea to tie either from the spreading (spreading) of the mainland earth measles, or from the processes of reducing the earth measles and the life. At the department. The processes of geosynchronous development are going on. The bottom of the Middle-Earth Sea in Bagatyokh parts is promising for the development of oil and gas, especially in the area of expanding salt domes. In the shelf zones, the deposits of oil and gas are confined to the Mesozoic and Paleogene deposits.

Ecological problems of the Middle Earth Sea.

Ecology. Natural rice and social and economic specialties of the inner Sered-earth sea, at the foot of the steps of the state's development, the great population on the Uzbeks could not fail to visit the ecological camp of the basin, as the Vikliku is a great triviality. The most noticeable inflow to the ecology of the sea is very good.

Most of the strangers can come to the Seredzemne sea from the shores, especially in areas with a high development of virobnstva (industry, transport, the Silskoy government), recreation and tourism. Itself here is much more to accumulate for all the insights of the state d'yalnosti, meaning a part of those who have fun in the sea. Seriously dazed maritime environment is a stack of more than 70 great and small rivulets, which are wine-growing promises and by the way from the great territories of water-intake basins. Introduce seafood naphthaworms at the bottom of the coastal areas. Before the hour of development and industrial blasting into the water, you will be able to use a lot for the organisms of the drills. When exploiting the drill holes, pour oil on the surface of the sea. Tankers transported naphtha and naphtha products are also very easy to transport to the sea. For the obvious tributes, 500 yews would go into the sea. Up to 1 million tons of naphtha and naphtha products. As a result of the All-Day Organization of Health Protection (BOOZ), on the ear of the 90s in the Middle Earth, the sea of green dzherels on birch trees usually came to such a number of basic types of foreign speech, 12 million tons of organisms: , Nitrogen - 800 yew, mercury - 100, lead - 3800, chromium - 2400, zinc - 21, phenol - 12, synthetic chemical substances - 60, organochlorine pesticides - 90 yew. The zagalny rivn of the Seredzemny Sea is very high, it is not similar in other regions. In the most critical aquatic areas, the water is left behind to fill up clean, and the most difficult coastal areas, the spring in the outskirts of the rychkovy girls. A characteristic butt is a coastal dilyanku close to the throat Tibru, a little richer to wine as it comes to trimilion Rome, and a small number of ailing bacteria are permissible at an average rate of 200 times. With the waters of the rivulet, Thousands of tons of new wanderings are coming up into the Adriatic.

The inflow of the place on the Seredzemne sea

bilya great places Local zones and hardships are established, tied to the skids by the sea of unclean communal drains and industrial inputs. Chronically high rivn of obscurity in the inlets of Eleusis (Gretsiya), Izmirsky, Tunisky and in the Oleksandriya district. There are a lot of small houses that can be found in the sea, in such areas as self-cleaning cannot be found in the sea water, houses are stored and accumulated in them. Great aquatoria are covered with naphtha. Look out in the sea at the sight of thin surface waters, naphtha breasts and lumps. Thus, significant concentrations of naphtha boules appeared in the Ionian Sea and in the Middle Ages and Sicilia. The obstruction of the sea is both anthropogenic and unfriendly, and for an hour it is perniciously recognized on living organisms. For example, the more difficult the Adriatic has called to bend the bags and the bags. Іtotny ecologic zbitok to apply ribalism according to permissible norms; as a result, the catch of the most valuable species of ribs decreases. It is impossible to say that the suspension of the baiduzha is spostering for negative pests, that it is found in the Mediterranean ecosystem. The middle-earth sea is one of the regions of the Holy Ocean, in which the international sport is actively developing in the development and protection of the natural center, renewal and preservation of the natural ecologic country. For the participation of the UN and UNEP, since the 70s, a number of international programs have been implemented to address all the main environmental problems of the Seredzemomorsk region. Among the number of acceptances for 100 years, the "Black Plan" is going on in the region, which includes a program of preliminarily prepared scientific advances and monitoring, with regard to social and economic aspects, and the development of a complex of visits to new schools. In the cich international initiatives, in the midst of pleasures, practically all the Mediterranean regions are spoken. In an hour, at least 14 powers are conducting national programs for monitoring the sea within the framework of UNEP. Robotic bags and small ones are planning to be regularly discussed at representative events and forums. The remainder of the international conference is dedicated to the oceanographic problems of the middle part of the Middle-Earth Sea and the Black Sea, which was revisited in Athens in the fierce 1999 r.

The inflow of the Middle-earth Sea to the health of the people.

Every part has a special place in the lives of people who have borrowed "vidpochinok". The need for a reprogramming of important and boring robots is of a purely physiological nature, i.e. It was based on the renewal of Yaksho's forces in the period of the early civilizations and right up to the 18th century. The process of finishing touching the physical aspect, then from the ear of 20 tbsp. I am pouring in on the human body, mentally and psychophysical, directly on the knowledge of stress and stabilization of the nervous system and human body. In Denmark, the main view of the inflow of the midst of the midst of the people, often leads to the illusion of the psyche and the neutralization of the movement and the introduction of new types of rehabilitation.

In the recent hour, a wider expansion of some problems on the sea, more and more intensively developing resort business, and more and more uninterrupted time of sea bustle, through those days passed the resort itself through such a forgetfulness became obsolete As soon as the number of people living on the sea grows especially well, and earlier, if it is possible to say that people on the sea see and maintain their health, then at the same time go to great nourishment. Such a design can be built because of the great number of survivors, the obstruction of the sea, the obstruction of the fortune.

Know that the Seredzemne sea is one of the most difficult. Especially ports and places and places are resorts. Every year, more than 400 thousand tons of naphtha products get angry in the waters of Seredzemnomor'ya; more than 1,900 small objects fall on the skin kilometer of the seabed, as a result of human activity.

visnovok

All the robots were faced with major problems, such as not only hunting the sea, but all those who are more, like less. if so we will continue to continue, then we can spend not only transport routes, health resorts, ale more niggly: the seas are dark with waters and the distance is terribly to be transferred.

List of Literature

Introduction to geoecology, Prozorov L.L. , Ekzaryan V.N.

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Middle-earth sea, one of the most widespread seas. Prikmetnik "middle-sea" is widely used for inventory of peoples, lands, klimat, roslinnosty; for the understanding of "Seredzemnomoria" to associate with a special way of life, for a whole period in the history of people. In the middle of the earth, the sea razdіlyaє Europe, Africa and Asia, albeit tightly tied between itself Pivdenna Europe, Pivnichnu Africa and Go to Asia... The length of the sea from the approach to the highway to become bl. 3,700 km, and from weekends to weekends (in the widest distance) - approx. 1600 km. On the island of Uzbek are Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Albania and Greece. A number of Asian regions - Turechchina, Syria, Livan and Izrail - go straight from the sea to the sea. Nareshty, on the first time in Uzbekistan, Egypt, Libya, Tunis, Algeria and Morocco.

The area of the Seredland Sea is 2.5 million sq. km, i, oskіlki with іnish waters yogo to tie up only the vuzka channels, which can be used by the internal sea. At entry through the Gibraltarska channel with a width of 14 km and a depth of up to 400 m, it can enter the Atlantic Ocean. On the pivnichny descent of the Dardanelli canal, up to 1.3 km can be heard with sounds, linking it with the Sea of Marmur and through the Bosphorus canal - with the Chornim. On the pivdenny descent a piece sporuda - Suetsky canal - z'udnu Seredzemne sea from Chervonim. Three high water passages are even more important for trade, seafaring and strategic goals. V early hour They were controlled - or they were pushed aside - by the English, the French, the Turks and the Russians. The Romans of the Roman Empire called the Seredzemne sea mare nostrum ("our sea").

The coastal line of the Middle-Earth Sea is heavily porous, and the number of terrestrial states is divided into a free-form aquatorium, which may be named as it is. Up to the number of such seaports are known: Lіgurіyske, roztashovane for a week from Riv'eri and on a private day from Corsica; Tirrenskoe sea, laid between the eastern and eastern, Sicilian and Sardinian; Adriatic sea, where the shores of Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia and Albania are washed; Іonіchne sea mіzh Gretsієyu and new Italian; The Kritske sea between the island of Crete and the eastern Grecian; Egeyske sea mіzh Turechchinoyu and Gretsіyu. There are also a number of great places to see, for example Alikante - the bilya of the shidny Uzbek of the Ispania; Lyonskiy - bilya of the first Uzbek of France; Taranto - mіzh two houses pіvdennymi vistupami Apennіnsky pіvostrov; Antalya і Іskenderun - bilya of the ancient Uzbek Turechchini; Sidru - in the central part of Uzbek Livia; Gabes and Tunisky - apparently at the half-and-half and half-sloped shores of Tunisu.

Today, the Seredzemne sea is a relaxation of the ancient ocean Tethys, which is wider and wider and stretching far to the side. Relects to the ocean Tetis є also the Aralsk, Kaspiyske, Chorne and Marmurov seas, dated to the last glimpse depressions... Ymovirno, Tetis kolis buv on land, і mіzh Pivnichnoy Africaі Pireneysky pіvostrov, in the area of the Gibraltarskoy channel, having pulled out the isthmus. The same land place was tied up in the early days of Europe and Little Asia. It is not included that the Bosporus, Dardanelli and Gibraltarsku channels were established on the place of flooded river valleys, but rather island lantsyugi, especially in the Egeysk Sea, were bordered by the mainland.

At the Middle-Earth Sea, I see the sinking and the sinking. The cordon between them is carried out through the Calabrian branch of the Apennine Piostrov, Sicily and the Adventure bank (up to 400 m of water), going up to 150 km from Sicily to Misu Bon in Tunis. At the boundaries of both depressions, there are even more drifts, you want to wear the names of such seas, for example, Yegeyska, Adriatic and in. The water in the western depression of the trocha is colder and fresher, lower in the middle: at sunset, the average temperature of the near-surface ball is approx. 12 ° С in the fierce and 24 ° С in the serpentine, and at the descent - approximately 17 ° С and 27 ° С. The salinity of the sea rises in wide fringes, so as from the Atlantic Ocean through the Gibraltarska channel, the water is salty.

Slow down here the wrong ones, aloe to fill in the deep ducts and tributaries, especially before the hour of the next month. However, in the canals it is difficult to endure strong leaks, which are straightened in the Seredzemne sea, so from the sea. Viparovannya vishche, lower in the Atlantic Ocean, or in the Black Sea, so there are surface currents in the channels, which carry more water in the Seredzemne sea. There are leaks at the bottom of the surface leaks, but the stench does not compensate for the rush of water at the surface.

The bottom of the Seredzemny Sea in Bagatyokh Mystsy is stored as a carbonate mule, the lower one is a blue mule. Near the girls of the great rivers, the blue mules are curved with delta inserts, which occupy a large area. Glibini of the Middle-Earth Sea, tighter than іznі: most vidmitka - 5121 m - registered in Gellensky glide-water zholobі near the new part of Greece. Average Glybin The backwaters of the warehouse are 1 430 m, and the most subtle part of the water - the Adriatic Sea - is the middle depth of the whole 242 m. Bagato (if not all) they may be volcanic. In the middle of the islands, for example, Alboran, the expansion on the axis of the Gibraltarskoy channel, and the group of Balearic islands (Menorca, Mallorca, IVisa and Formentera) on the axis of the Pireneisky Pivostrov; mountainous Corsica and Sardinia - on the west of the Apennine Piostrov, as well as a number of small islands in the whole region - Elba, Pontinsky, Ischia and Capri; and on the weekends from Sicily - Strombola and Lipari. Island of Malta is located in the borderlands of the Skhidno-Seredzemomorskoy ugovina (for the first day from Sicily), and further afield - Crete and Cyprus. There are numerous other islands in the Ionian, Cretan and Aegean Seas; in the middle of them one can see Ionichni - at the west of the mainland Greece, Kiklady - at the turn of the Peloponnese and Rhodes - at the north the western coast Turecchini.

Great rivers flow into the Seredzemne sea: Ebro (in Spain); Ron (with Franzia); Arno, Tiber and Volturno (in Italy). Rivers flow into the Adriatic Sea Po and Tagliamento (in Italy) and Izonzo (on the cordon of Italy and Slovenia). To the basin of the Aegean Sea lie the rivers Vardar (in Greece and Macedonia), Struma, abo Strimon, and Miscya, abo Nestos (in Bulgaria and Greece). Nybilsha rychka of the Middle Sea basin Nil - one great rychka, which flows into the whole sea for two days.

The middle earth sea is famous for its calmness and beauty, ale, similar to the other seas, in singing seasons it can be burlivy, and only when the great ailments collapse on the Uzbeks. For a long time, Seredzemnomor was enticed people friendly climate... The term "middle-sea" itself is victorious for the meaningful climate with a trivial hot, clear and dry summer and a short cold and vologo winter. Bagaty coastal areas of the Seredland Sea,

especially pivdenny and skidnym, stitched semi-arid and aridnі rice klіmatu. Zokrem, seven-year-old with a great number of clear sleepy days vvazhaєtsya as a standard for the Mediterranean climate. However, it will take a lot of cold days, if cold weather bring boards, mryaka and inodi snig. Seredzemnomoria is also famous for its adorable landscapes. Especially malovnichi French and Italian Riv'era, the outskirts of Naples, Adriatic Uzbeks of Croatia with numerous islands, the shores of Greece and Livan, they stepped up to the sea. Important trade routes and widening culture passed through the main islands of the Middle Seaside Sea - from the Near Skhod, Egypt and Crete to Greece, Rome, Spain and France; іnshy shlyakh passing through the border of the first Uzbek coast of the sea - from Egypt to Morocco.

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1. Type of sea and physical-geographical sketch

Middle-earth sea - Sered-earth, the inner intermatter sea, behind the hikes it is a deep-water pseudo-abyssal inner shelf depression, tied at the entrance to the Atlantic Ocean by the Gibraltarskoy channel. In the western part of the Seredland Sea, there are the Alboranskoe, Balearske, Ligurijske and Tirrenske seas. At schools - Adriatic, Ionichne, Yegeyske and Marmurov, roztashovani between the Dardanelli and Bosphorus channels. The Middle-Earth Sea is characterized by the number of small islands, especially for the Egeyskiy and Ionichny Seas.

The most important islands: Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, Corsica and Crete. Head rivers that flow into the Seredzemne sea: Rona, Nil and Po. S. m. Vdaєtsya into land mіzh Africa and Eurasian. Sea Basin S. m. Surround the shores of powers: Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Rumunia, SRSR, Turechchini, Kipru, Syria, Livanu, Izrailu, Albania. On the pivnichny descent - through the Dardanelli channel, it will go beyond the Marmur Sea and far along the Bosphorus channel - from the Black Sea, on the first descent - by the Suets canal and the Chervonim Sea. Take care of the S. m. In the mountainous Uzbeks, abrasion, virivnyany are overwhelmed. The low ones have lagoon-estuaries and deltas; the coast of the Dalmatian type is characteristic for the skidny Uzbek coast of the Adriatic Sea. Most significant inflows: Valencian, Lyonskiy, Genuezkiy, Taranto, Sidru (Great Sirte), Gabes (Maliy Sirte); Near the S. m. Large pp. Ebro, Rona, Tibr, Po, Nil ta in.; out-of-the-way rychnyi stіk їkh is close to 430 km 3. The length of the sea from the approach to the highway is close to 3700 km, and from the beginning of the week - close to 1600 km.

mid-sea hydroelectric subtropical water

2. Morphometric characteristics

Area 2505 yew. Km 2. Vodi obsyag 3603 yew. Km 3. Average depth of 1438 m, maximum - 5121 m. Nybilsha depth (5121 m) of the deep depression of the Ionian Sea, roztashovana to the west of the Peloponnese. Salinity on the surface of the sea increases from Gibraltar to the shores of Egypt and Syria; close to Gibraltar the salinity becomes close to 36.3 ‰, and the charge - 36.5 ‰, at Otranto (harbor in the first Italy) 38 ‰. From the world to the ruch on the skhid Atlantic waters saline up to 39 ‰.

In the western part and in the Ionian sea, salinity increases from the surface to the bottom, from 36 to 38-39, moreover, the salinity on the mountains is greater in the lower part of the sea, lower in the western part.

In the Adriatic Sea, the salinity on the surface grows directly from the Trinst and the Venetian inlet to the Otranta Protocy (the Western and Adriatic Sea) from 33 to 38? ‰, moreover, at the Italian shores salinity is less than at Kharvatsk.

Significant morphometric characteristics of all seas є small glybinі the area of the cross-flow of the channel, which leads to a strong detachment of the sea. The most gliby Gibraltarsku channel, where the water exchange of the glybin in the last part of the river becomes approximately 300 m. wine is not great and pereshkojaє passing through new clay waters.

3. Between

The sea from the left sides is drained by land, behind the vinyat of two vuzkoy channels - the Gibraltarskoy channel (from the Seredzemne sea to the Pivnichnaya Atlantic) and the Bosphorus channel (from the Seredzemne sea to the Black Sea) - the Suets'dnevskogo channel from the Black Sea by sea).

4. Bottom relief

The middle-land sea is lured with rich morphological rice, characteristic of the oceanic basin. Continental miles to reach universities (less than 25 miles), differently. The continents have grasped even more steeply and projected underwater canyons. The Canyoni at the French Riviera and the western coast of Corsica are carried until the most vicinities. The bottom of the Seredzemnoye Sea is 2-4 km long.

Smuga shelf is not wide, not more than 40 km;

The bottom of the valley is covered with a ball of volcanic and siege rocks. Central and Levantiyskiy pool covered with products of richkovy wines.

The genera of oil and gas in the shelf zones of the Sered-Earth Sea may be the Mesozoic and Paleogene centuries.

The relief of the bottom of the Seredzemny Sea is marked by power for the ocean: the vuzky shelf, the continental steep slope, covered with canyons. Bottom topography of the S. m. Neodnorіdniy і with a great range of drop in glybin. The new one sees two main sites: the west and the road with the most glibines for 3 km. The stench is distributed among the milky African-Sicilian rapids with depths of 300-500 m. It goes back to the ridge with the islands of Corsica and Sardinia on the doorstep, which is called the Bolearsky and Tirrensky seas. The Seredzemomorsky ridge can also be seen near the mainland, which is the most common area, called the Ionian Sea. Naybilsh is a part of S.m. to be called the Levantiyskiy sea. Zakhidna chastina The gorges of the Seredzemny Sea are occupied by the Bolear Abyssal Plain. The bottom of the Tirrenskoe Sea is the central abisal plain with numerous sub-water mountains. The peaks of the deyakie from the sub-water girders rise above the sea surface, setting the Lipar Islands.

The skidna of the Middle-Earth Sea has a structure similar to the mid-ocean ridge and a series of deep-water depressions, which stretch out to the islands of the Ionian Sea for the day off to Rhodes and Crete. One of the qih depressions including best point Seredland Sea (5121 m).

Climate of the Middle-Earth Sea is the beginning of its position in the subtropical zone and becomes of great specificity, as it sees it as an independent Middle-Sea type climate, which is characterized by mild winter and hot dry summer. A charge over the sea will rise up in a low grip of the atmosphere, which will cause unstable weather with frequent storms and bright litter; cold weather during the second period to lower the temperature of the wine. Growing up mіstsevі vіtru: Mіstral (strong and cold winter-western wіther, іnodі z Sevenn on Seredzemomorska Uzbek frontiers) in the area of Lyonskiy Zatoka (Pivdenne Uzbek coast of France on the sea) A little more part of the Sered-Earth Sea will be hunted by the ridge of the Azores anticyclone (the center of the majestic region of a high vise in the subtropical ridge, which is located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the Azores islands in the Chinese latitudes).

The anticyclone іsnu gradually, ale inflows more strongly into last hour It’s just the beginning of a clear wait with a little bit of wrinkle and a small amount of fallen. V lіtnі mіsyatsі Sposter dry fogs and sawn emla, wines from Africa on the first day of wine. At the Skidny Basin, there are different types of food.

At the link the length of S.m. on additional 40 0, yogo climatic mind in the western and general parts of the country. In the winter-western part, it is infused with the Atlantic Ocean, and in the modern and western part, it is infused with Asia and Africa. The charge over the sea will rise in the middle of the sea to the polar front, on which there is an intensive cyclonic activity. There is a supernumerary turnout, falloffs, hardened winds and thinnest straight lines, I want to run through the tendency to the increasing repetition of ancient and ancient times. As a result of the sea, the periphery of the Azores maximum expands and an anti-cloning type of weather arises with a slight gloom, a small number of fallen weak wind... In general, over the course of the month, the number of fallen goods changes from the first approach to the opening skid from 100 to 10 cm. The maximum in the northern part of the sea and the coast of Africa is 500 cm. At the end, the vaping changes. At the district of the Tirrensky sea, the reach is 114 cm per river. There are more than a thousand sums of fallen goods. Change the vaping charge 2 times and drop it. The whole shortage of good water is not compensated for by the stream flow.

6. Hydrological regime

Hydrological regime of the Middle-Earth Sea is being shaped by the influx of great vaping and out-of-the-box climatic minds. Dilution of vitrati of the good water over the arrival of the veda until the lowering of the level, which is the reason for the persistent tide of the surface mensh brackish waters from the Atlantic Ocean and the Black Sea. In the bowls of the water, the ducts go through the high-saline waters, wicked by the difference in water power on the thresholds of the ducts. The main water exchange is carried through the Gibraltarska channel (the upper current bring 42.32 thousand km? In the Atlantic waters, and the lower one - 40.8 thousand km? Seredzemomorskoy); through the Dardanelli every 350 and 180 km? drive to rik.

The circulation of waters in the Seredzemny sea is ma, the head rank, the windy nature; the won is represented by the main, most zonal Canary current, which can carry water and atlantic camping Vdovzh of Africa, from the Gibraltarskoy channel to the banks of Livan, by a system of cyclonic circuits in the eastern seas and basins of evil in the course of the current. The water com- munity up to 750--1000 m glybin is covered by a single direct water transfer along the glybin. Behind the blame of the Levantin industrial prototype, it is possible to transfer the Levantine waters from the island of Malta to the Gibraltarskoy channel of Africa.

The fluidity of the currents in the upper part of the sea is 0.5--1.0 km / h, in the other channels - 2-4 km / year. The average water temperature on the surface in a fierce decrease from winter to weekday from 8-12 to 17 ° C in the middle and central parts and from 11 to 15 ° C at sunset. In the middle crescent, the water temperature changes from 19 to 25 ° C, at the extreme descent it rises to 27-30 ° C. great viparovannya lead to a strong increase in salinity. The value increases from the entry to the turn from 36 to 39.5 ‰. Does the amount of water on the surface change from 1.023 to 1.027 g / cm? vlіtku - up to 1.027-1.029 g / cm? charge. During the period of winter cooling in areas with an increased capacity, it is intensively convective to change, like to produce high saline and warm industrial waters in the low-saline and warm industrial waters in the Central basin and clay waters of the Adrian sea basin. Due to the bottom temperatures and salinity, the middle-earth sea is one of the warmest and salty seas Svitovoy ocean (12.6-13.4 ° C і 38.4-38.7). The clearness of the water reaches 50-60 m, the color is intensely blue.

Slow down in the main part, їkh value is less than 1 m, and in the vicinity of points in the midst of wind surges, the amount of water can reach 4 m (Genoese inflow, bilya of the private coast of the island of Corsica and іn.). Strong tidal currents (the Messinsky channel) are more likely to occur near the high-tide canals. The maximum hvilyuvannya depends on the charge (the height of the hvil reaches 6-8 m).

Warehouses for the balance of the sea beyond the rik.

Fall off - 1000 km 3 or 40 cm, rychkovy stick - 430 km 3 or 17 cm, vaporization - 3130 km 3 or 125 cm.

7. Circulation of waters

Officials who wicked leaks in the Middle Earth Sea: rubbing wind and horizontal gradation of scholarship. However, there is a negative balance, which changes the power of the upper balls of the sea, and the development of vertical rolls, which expands to great glybin, And in deyaky areas to the bottom. Moreover, in the Middle Earth Sea, the vertical warehouse circulation is stronger, lower in the seas with a positive, straightforward balance. Atlantic waters and come near the viglyad surface leak, Viklikanogo to the lowering of the level of the Seredland Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Tsі vodi collapse on the skhіd udovzh of the African uzberezhzhja in the viglyadі of the Pіvnіchno-Afrikansky current with the speed of 25 cm / s.

The passage of the Tunisky channel is the main mass of Atlantic waters before the incessant acceleration of the Coriolis and the wickedness of the rivny to go to the early world, and in the beginning of the Sirte (the coast of Libya) the anticlonic circle is established. Dalі the waters get to the skid, occupying the part of the sea. At the private part of the sea, the last transfer surface waters The zagalny cyclonic circulation is set at once with the pivdennoy stream.

This nature of the circulation, with the changes in intensity, is taken up to about 100-150 m. Moreover, in the skidny half of the Pivnichno-Afrikanske sea, it penetrates 1 km to the Glybin.

From the surface waters up to a depth of 750-1000 meters, the intermediate waters will grow, which have formed in the northern part of the sea. In the event of an outward movement of the water flow from the approach to the stage of the winery, the vise, which should lead to the general current from the outset to the west. In the western part of the sea, in the western part, it is quilted everywhere along the surface. The maximum speed of an industrial leak is at a depth of 300 m, reaching 3 cm / s. The charge rate increases to 4-5 cm / s. More than 1 km of current to reach the weak and the information about them is added to the increase in potential temperature, salinity and sourness.

8. Kolivannya Rivnya

The ruggedness of the European coast of the Seredzemnoye Sea with the development of the yogo inlets and bays of the great kolivan rіvnya during the drifting-downward appearances. The stiff strong winds of water wicked, as a result of the fact that in the peaks of the sea troughs, the sea level can rise up to 3-4 meters (Genoese inflow) - the winter-back coast of Italy). Along the high bays of the Aegean Sea and in the private part of the Adriatic Sea, in three winter rumblings, there can be some changes up to 2 meters.

Slow down in the Seredzemny sea to reach the weak through the small width of the Gibraltarskoy channel (width - 14-44 km from the approach to the highway). Already in the very prototype of the height, the height changes from the approach to the axis from 3 to 1 meter. At the entrance from the ducts, the growth grows, and the visota gradually changes. There is a need for a long period of time, and in the sea I am crossing the sea. In a significantly weakened viglyadі hvilya pass the Tunisky channel and vnaslіdok great glibini Central basin won yogo peretinє for 1 year. Ale in the place of Maliy Sirte (abo Gabes (pivnichny coast of Africa)), through its morphometric features, it grows up to 2 meters.

9. Thermohaline structure of waters

The entrants through the Gibraltarska channel of the Atlantic water may salinity close to 36.3 ‰, and the charge is up to 36.5 ‰. The won is approximately 1.5 ‰ lower, below the underlying waters on the glybin, it is close to 200 meters. If the temperature of the Atlantic waters is lower by 2-3 ° C, lower near the quiet, so that the waters are soaked in the extreme western part of the sea, the density on the surface is altogether low (from 26 kg / m3 to the That hour yak at the underlying waters at a depth of 150 meters, the thickness of the road is 28.5 kg / m 3. That is why the Atlantic waters collapse at the surface of the sea, and not in the sea. The stench is an intense transformation as a result of the flow of atmosphere and flow of energy exchange. If the width of the flow of Atlantic waters is 200-300 km, and the width of the area is less than 0.15-0.20 km, then it appears at the sight of a thin float, how it collapses along the cracked waters and slightly shifts with them. A great surge of heat flowing into the wiklikє intensive heating of the upper 100-150 meter ball of water, and the viparovannya of the wiklikє yogo salinity, as it grows stronger, than the distance of the Atlantic water seeps out on the skid. But through the program for the adjustment of salinity, the instability of the density stratification and convective mixing does not occur. That is why we will superficially maximize salinity in the lower sphere of Atlantic waters є x in salinity, dressings with cob meanings.

In pivnіchno-skidnyh regions of the sea, kudi Atlantic waters do not drink, such a subsurface minimum is dumb.

In the world of submergence in the Atlantic waters, the waters become saline up to 39 ‰, but the depth of these waters is lain lower than the underlying waters. Charge when the temperature is lowered by 10 ° C, convection does not penetrate into the back of the sea more than 100 meters and in the lower part of the sea more than 200 meters.

Near the winter-conservative part of the sea, the salinity of the surface waters flows as a result of intensive vaporization, reaching 39.25 ‰. At low temperatures in cold period The rock of water can drop up to 29 kg / m 3 and go down to a surface of 300 meters.

Freezing through the great tide of sleepy energy stretching out to the rock, yak will take care of the programs of the sea.

10. Peculiarities of the Midland Sea

It is especially special because of the fact that, due to the bottom salinity and temperature, the Middle Earth Sea is one of the most warm and salty seas of the entire Holy Ocean. It is possible to re-enter the atmosphere, but on a current day, the sea is given in one of the most attractive places for tourists from the United States. The clearness of the water is usually 50-60 m, the color is bright blue.

The average temperature in the middle may vary from 13-15 C near the winter coasts to approximately 8-11 C at winter, and in the serpentine - from 19-23 C at night to 25-30 C, apparently in the northern regions of the sea.

The climate of this sea begins as a truly unique territory in the subtropical zone and is characterized by the specificity that is seen in the individual Mediterranean type of climate with a mild winter and even hotter. At the wintering period over the sea, there will be a low atmospheric vice It is very important to end up with unstable weather with bright litter and frequent storms. If you are cold, you can lower the temperature during the cold weather. A little more part of the described sea will hunt the ridge of the Azores anticyclone, for which the weather is clear because of the occasionally low temperature and small losses. V lіtnіy period in the midst of the mists and saws the fog and saw emla.

The lightness and the height of the Middle-Earth Sea tend to grow weak in phytoplankton, as well as zooplankton, which is the reason for the occasionally small number of large representatives of the marine fauna, incl. rib. Achieve developmental growth in the waters of this sea

On the other hand, it means that the fauna of the Seredzemny Sea is characterized by great species growth, but the number of representatives of these species is sometimes small. Here crayfish, white-bellied seals and sea turtles can be seen. There are 550 young species of slaves (oseledtsy, mackerel, anchovy, tuna, pelamidi, horse mackerel, etc.). You can also find representatives of 70 species of rib-endemics (stingrays, whips, sea dogs, lip and rib-golki) near the Seredzemny Sea.

The Uzbek coast of the Middle-Earth Sea has been inhabited for a long time, and is also characterized by a high level of development of the state's development (especially given thesis referring to the country, which was developed according to its original Uzbek). Silske Gospodarstvo the land of the middle sea basin is seen as a virobnytvom of citrus fruits, bavovni, olyinykh.

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