Diagram of surface flows of the Atlantic Ocean. surface leaks

Christmas Day:

About cause the form ocean currents;

About the role of ocean currents in the overgrowth of heat and vology on the planet.

The reasons for the flow of water are: for example, the heating and cooling of the surface of the water, the fall and the vaporization, the visibility in the water quality, protects the most significant in the illumination of the flows є the role of the wind (Div. Fig. 1). Today, according to the important point in them, they directly go to the zonal, to go to the west and to the turn, and the meridian - to carry their own lead to the private or the evening. latitudes +20, in in the middle latitudes ah from 0 to -25 degrees, i to arctic latitudes from -20 to -40. (Tsia proposition of the demand as if to press, I import it.)

Before the inflow of late winds (passages and back winds of the inner latitudes), surface leaks are detected.

The current transfer of heat from some areas of the Svitovoy ocean to the other and without the exchange of water between the ocean and the atmosphere.

Formation of cycles of leaks is to be repaired from passages in near-equatorial latitudes.

Small. 1. Current in the oceans

These are shown from straightforward to the power of Coriolis (we will talk about her on the offensive): in Pivnichniy pivkuly - for the year's arrow, in Pivdenniy - in a ringing direction ().

Thermohaline circulation

In such regions of the Svitovoy Ocean, such as the Labrador Sea, the Pivnichne Sea and the Weddell Sea, the water with high salinity sinks from the surface to a depth of several hundreds of meters and begins to flow into a stormy straight line up to the water masses on the surface. Tse nagadu line of the conveyor. Such a thermohalinic (to start with temperature and salinity) circulation is a typical phenomenon for all water bodies of the Holy Ocean ().

Chim stronger The sun heats up the ocean, and the more it boils water from the surface and the concentration of salts. At the three poles, the water reaches the pole and is frozen at the pole.

The salinity still grows for the wine-growing and viparovannya, and at the same time it grows and the strength of the water. Vona descend and rise to the ground of the glory of the prototype (div. Fig. 2). The water is cold, steadily moving from the upper balls, and it rushes to the surface.

Small. 2. Equatorial prototype ()

In such a rank, in the rise of flows in the ocean, regularity is promoted. Zagalna scheme the flow is based on the scheme of the post-winding.

Іstotny inflow into the climate to prevent sea (ocean) flows. Marine (oceanic) flows play an important role in the process of inter-latitude transfer of heat, and, therefore, infuse into the climate of the surrounding regions of the Earth.

For example, the famous Gulfstrom, going to Pivnichno-Atlantichny in a stretch, bring warmth to Pivnichnu and Pivnichno-Zakhidnu Europe (Div. Fig. 3). The speed of the golf course is approximately 5.5 km / year - compare with the grim leaks, as they change for everything a few meters per day. Without tsiogo warm flow Europeans are frozen.

Small. 3. Gulfstrom flow diagram

Tse tsikavo

Closed vortex flows in the ocean

Крім ringіv, vyniknennya of what is tied with meanders of strained flow leaks (like Gulfstrum, Kurosіo and ін.), В into the ocean closed vortex flows are created as a result of the early turbulent storms, in conjunction with the modern ocean flows in the water masses, liquidity, the power of that power, atmospheric processes over the ocean, and so on. Vortexes of both types are cyclonic in nature in the central regions Glybinny Vodi go up to the surface, and in the vortexes of the anticlonic - surface water get dirty.

per happy news Okeanski vikhori - a cycle of water with a diameter of up to 400 km, which will float from the surface to the glibin in a kilometer, which can be wrapped up to 50 cm / s. Smells change from shvidkistiu close 10 km / dobu, change your configuration.

Home zavdannya

Read § 7. Viconite practical robot... Vikoristovuchi physical map of the oceans in contour map, Apply and write the Pivne-Atlantic and Pivden-Atlantic circuit of leaks.

List of Literature

The mainI am

1. Geography. Earth and people. Grade 7: Pidruchnik for general education. uch. / A.P. Kuznetsov, L.Є. Savel'va, V.P. Dronov, "Sphere" series. - M .: Education, 2011 rock.

2. Geography. Earth and people. Class 7: atlas, "Sphere" series.

Dodatkova

1. N.A. Maximov. Behind the sides of the handler of geography. - M .: Education.

Literature for training before DPA and ZNO

1. Testimony. Geography. 6-10 grades: Initial-methodical book / A. A. Letyagin. - M .: TOV "Agency" KRPA "Olimp": Astrel, AST, 2007. - 284 p.

2. Navchalny posibnik from geography. test i practical work z geography / І. A. Rodionova. - M .: Moscow Lyceum, 1996 .-- 48 p.

3. Geography. Vidpovidі for power supply. Usny sleep, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarov. - M .: Vidavnistvo "Sleep", 2009. - 160 p.

4. Thematic tests for training before school certification and IDI. Geography. - M .: Balass, ed. booths RAO, 2011 .-- 160 p.

1. Russian Geographical Partnership ().

3. The main book of geography ().

4. Geographic assistant ().

Warm leaks are pipes of water scorched earth.

A. I. Voykov

Svitovy ocean, for the hydrosphere of the Earth, shared by all oceans and sea ​​water, Shho may be on one surface. Vin borrowing mayzhe three quarters of the earth's surface - 361 million km 2, at that hour on land - only 149 million (Fig. 14).

The average glybin is rather small - 3.8 km. Such a thin hydrosphere can be likened to a layer of 1 mm on a globe with a diameter of 3 m. Alevona has a great role in the organic life and climates of the Earth.

The ocean is a collicle of life. In the distant past, in the warm and quiet sea lagoons, the first living cells were growing, and sometimes the most simple organisms. Yakbi rydka plyvka viparuvalasya, then on the dried Earth there is no one who knows a bunch for a bitter red organic light... That thermal regime became bi-nshim - in the middle at the Pivnichnoe Pole the change of the current average temperature of -30 ° became b -80 °.

Oceanic surface from the more natural surfaces of the Earth є with the most beautiful glimpse of sleepy radioacies. Along with the surface in the іnshom aggregate mill (lіd і snіg) є we will thoroughly adjust it. I want the temperature range of the surface of the ocean and the surface sphere of the atmosphere is small, but the water in the whole thick range often reaches and quickly changes its size. Such a ministry is quickly recognized in the classroom.

The ocean is a magnificent distiller. There are 448,000 km 3 of water, and the continents - only 71,000 km. The ocean is warmer, the more wine is more important. Vologue, twist, twist the planet, lower the twist of heat in space, More beautifully growing earth and lying down hliborobovy growing ryasnyh vrozhaiv. The ocean is the planet's taut thermoregulator. The breeders of the great mass of water and the high heat capacity (3200 times more, less by the hour) are due to the accumulation of sleepy warmth and vitriol levy on the volume of the atmosphere, in the middle of the season. In a number of vipadks in the ocean there are virivnyu and multinationals. The continents do not grow warm, the continental climate, as a rule, grows from the distance from the cordons to the ocean.

Lead the ocean to be in continuous Russia. Smell more, less land, glaze the sleepy warmth і the general director of energy in the global wind systems. Hurricanes and storms in three energetically change and change water mass. So, by stretching the Zakhidnyh vіtrіv in the Pіvdennіy pіvkulі it is necessary to carry close to the Earth close to 6 million km. Midland Sea... Particularly active surface 100-200 meter ball. Alle and on the top and on the bottom of the ocean the ocean is going over to the old Russia. Sea currents bring great heat and cold. A small part of water can grow in the Holy Ocean, be it around the world, change your camp, heat up with an equator, and wander in ice in the polar waters of both breweries.

Sea currents at the same time adjust the temperature between polar and tropical latitudes and increase the role that A.I. Voykova.

Table. 4 temperature induction by latitudinal zones, calculated and predicted. Riznytsya is the result of heat exchange, which is the beginning of circulatory processes in the atmospheric and hydrospheric envelopes of the Earth. It is easy to bachiti, as the inter-latitude heat transfer at the temperature field of the Earth is very significant. Yakbi yogo did not bulo, then in to the equivalent belt the temperature decreased by 13 °, and in latitudes from 60 ° of the winter latitude to the pole, the temperature in the middle decreased by 22 °. At the latitudes of Moscow and Leningrad, panuvav bi klimat of the current Central Arctic, i.e., absolutely unparalleled for a roslinny light.

There is no evidence of inter-latitude heat transfer by sea and rotational circulating processes, given in Table. 5.

Yak can be seen from the table, the arrival of the sleepy short-haired radio quickly changes from the point of view to the pole, which is explained in the earth's climate. Pass through the long-wave radio, navpaki, become too unimportant in all latitudinal belts, since it does not matter how much the surface of the Earth is curable. Zvidsi winykє the current surplus of heat in latitudes lower than 40 ° and a shortage of heat from the border, which is due to the contrast of temperatures shown in the table. 4 in real minds, Yak mi bachili, the excess and the shortage of heat will be used for the opening of the inter-latitude heat exchange, which is connected through the mechanisms of water and energy exchange.

Practical interest is nutrition - who should play the initial role in the transport of heat from the planetary boiler to the planetary refrigerator, i.e. from the equatorial and tropical latitudes to the polar ones? Morskiy about advection?

V early hour insertions for skin advection. In the fancy minds and in the most cold in the past, since the Arctic Basin is in its most significant part tsiliy rik ice cover, drifting, sea advection is surprisingly small, but in the world of that, as in the Arctic basin, Atlantic waters, and the role of growth. Today, it’s worthwhile to start in a simple way: from 1: 2 to the amount of maritime advection up to 1: 1.5 to the amount of maritime advection. We will not be able to take advection in my brothers in my rosrakhunok, as it is obvious and absolute significance in acriogenous minds naturally falls. That remarkably small input of heat, which is to make the fortune advection, we will reserve it in the "supply of energy".

A. I. Voykov, who call the sea currents temperature regulators, having taken into account that “the current flow is far from such a world, but the temperature is equal to the inverter and the pole, as the sea current, and in the last few days in the future Ale indirectly injected їkh is even greater. "

P.P. Lazarov in 1927 after staying in the model of oceanic and atmospheric circulations. The model showed that the ocean currents passing through the Pole and bringing a great amount of heat into the polar region, warming it. Introduced to a proper Radiansky experimenter, English Brooks said: “If the model imagined a sudden rise in the land and the sea, it was spotted in the current pool before the others appeared. fast leaks... In the models that were created and washed during the warm periods, oceanic leaks passed through the pole, but in the models of the cold periods they did not overwhelm the poles. "

Brooks Vidkidav: a self-sufficient role atmospheric circulation And in view of the possibility that the changes could not be created on their own, without learning the other factors, victories of great climate change. “The role of atmospheric circulation,” wrote Vin, “should I look at how I regulate, in some way, if I can, but I don’t generate the most clamorous conversation.” Yakshko sea flow, due to A. І. Voykova, to serve as thermostats for the climate, then it is impossible to say about the macrocirculation of the atmosphere. Three climate-forming factors, as meaning BL Dzerdzeevskiy, stench with its dynamism is the least permanent factor.

An analysis of the bottom line in the Arctic Basin also confirms that the sea currents themselves, in some cases, will play a primary role in the formulated climate. In quiet waters, since the warm Atlantic waters weakly penetrated into the Arctic basin, the temperature in the polar latitudes dropped. The low temperature led not only to the renewal of the crooked cover of the basin, but to the renewal of ice shields on the continents.

Puffing up the majestic value straight sea ​​flows y formvannі klimata, A. І. Voykov wrote: “Chi maєm mi right to say, having spoken your brains, wash it into the climate: earthly cool The temperature in Greenland is still possible, similar to the coli there in the Miocene periods, and the temperature in Brazil is also possible. For a whole lot of needs, there is no more change to guide the flow in a higher rank, now. " Through the rich rock_v academic Є. K. Fedorov, having indicated the need for a retaliatory vivchennya of possible changes to the climate in connection with the evils of sea leaks, vvazhayuchi, but it is guilty of being one of the most important direct in our reports.

To that, we should be clueless about the short characteristics of the current oceanic leaks (Fig. 15).

We will find ourselves with the pressure of the warm flow of the Svitovoy ocean, so that we can rob the virtual inflow into the climate Pivnіchno Pіvkulі, Є system of leaks of the Pivnichnoy Atlantic pid by name Golfstrom. The system of hunting the great expanse from the Mexican inflow to the shores of Spitsbergen and the Kolsky Pyostrov. Vlasne Gulfstrom is a delinka from the midst of the Florida current from Antil'skiy (30 ° winter latitude) to Newfoundland Island. At latitude 38 °, the tautness of the reach is 82 million km 3 / sec, or 2585 thousand km 3 / pik.

Near the New Scotland region and the former edge of the Newfoundland Bank, the Golfstrom is surrounded by the cold freshened waters of the Cabot current, and then by the cold waters of the Labrador current. The urge for the Labrador to become approximately 4 million m3 / sec. Along with the cold waters, bring wine to the Velikiy Banks area sea ​​ice and icebergs.

Lodi of the sea voyage beckon to trim over the bank itself and, while playing in the water of the GolfStrum, quickly dance. Icebergs are more trivial than life. Having drunk in the water of the Golfstrom, the stench drifts to the winter skid and to start again for the winter, and it is not easy to trivially swim across the entire Winter Atlantics. In vinyatkovy droplets, the stench can be recorded on weekday, up to 30 ° winter latitude, and on the way up to Gibraltaru.

Significant part of the icebergs will spread around the outskirts of Velikiy Banka, especially on the outskirts, de, sidayuchi on the milene, the stench will linger until quietly, as long as the siege is not broken, so that the siege has been changed by allowing them to continue.

In addition to sea ice and icebergs in the Newfoundland area, as and on the coast of Labrador, there is ice and bottom ice, at the same time with the formations of a float on the surface and take part in the out-of-the-way ice drift. Oscillations of temperature The difference to the contact between Gulf Stream and Labrador is even greater, as the Gulf Stream gets very cold.

After completing the Great Newfoundland Bank, Golfstrom under the name Pivnichno Atlantic current To fall on the road with an average speed of 20-25 km / to reach the world of penetration to the shores of Europe, take a pivne-skid straight. Behind the banks of Newfoundland, there is a lot of gilkie-sleeves that can be lost in vira. Close to the 25 ° of the western part, from the ancient edge, the great Canary current goes up to Pireneysky pvostrov.

When you go to the British Isles from the Pivne-Atlantic Current, there is a great gilka on the left side - by the arm of the Irminger, which is straight to the pivnich near the bik of Iceland; The main route of Wywill-Thomson is to pass through the prototypes of the Shetland and Faroe Islands and enter the Norwegian Sea.

The line of the Waivilla-Thomson thresholds, and then the Greenlands-Icelandic threshold є a clear boundary between the Atlantic and Freezing oceans... At a depth of 1000 m on a weekday from the Faro-Shetland rapids, the water temperature is less than 500 m, the water temperature is lower by 8 °, and below it is at a temperature. Salinity on the same glybin from the side-porous threshold is higher by 0.3 ppm. An explanation of the vinyatka contrast is to be seen at the sight of the globes of warm waters on the western side, at that time on the other side of the threshold, cold waters are seen on the way. As a result, at night on the threshold, the entire deep-water part of the Greenland and Norwegian Seas is filled with colder and cold water. The system of rapids is also divided between areas with perevazhennym on the surface of the Atlantic and Arctic waters.

Pivnichno-Atlantic broach, passing through the channel between the Faroese and Shetland islands, under the name of the Norwegian warmth flow through the path of the western Uzbek coast of the Scandinavian pivostrov. In the area of ​​the overflow of the Pivnich Polar Cola, from the left side, there is a separate flow of warm waters from the left side of the river, but in all seasons there is a rocky straight ahead for Pivnich.

On the west side of the North Cape, from the Norwegian current, from the right side, go to the highway in the Barents Sea, the North Cape crossed. At the turn of the 35th Meridian, I would like to break into other structures, but I will remember the role in the term of the Barents Sea. So, the Murmansk port is small in terms of effort to rob the Murmansk port, it is possible to create a round ric for sailing ships of any type.

Inspiration of great scholarship Atlantic waters on a significant part of the Barents Sea water area is covered with light balls of ice water. A part of the Atlantic waters penetrates into the Karska Sea. Along with the warmth, the Atlantic water from the ball of the polar polar water and to enter the Barents Sea also from the winter, from the side of the Arctic basin along the sloping slopes, to the west of the Franz Yosip Land, where the sea was already consumed by the sea.

Liva Gilka Norwegian Current on the way out of the New North Cape Gilka Ide on Pivnich on the name of Spitzbergen. The main reason for this at the entrance to the Spitzbergen-Greenland channel is consuming a part of its kinetic and thermal energy for the reason that the channel represents a part of the water masses for the coastal flow of the cold greenland. Images of water masses collapse together in the western, and then in the first place, wedge into the cold streams of the Greenland current and, wandering around them, set up the circular current in the region of the zero latitude 74-78

The Spitsbergen stretch passes through the borderlands of the Western shores of Spitsbergen, which is close to 6 km. middle temperature water 1.9 ° and salinity 35 ppm. During the winter from Spitsbergen, during the period of growth, it is possible to descend from the Arctic waters and continue their way to the Central Arctic even in the glade warmth of the current. It’s not just one place, the warm waters of Spitzbergen are chilly under the cold arctic. On the Greenland skidny water, everywhere on the slopes of 200 m, there are high positive temperatures. The heat of water can penetrate deeply into the inflows and the fiordi. Zrozuly, also very penetrating from the instrumentals, quickly dripping through the freshened water on the weekday, but carrying with it not only packs of ice with a thick sediment, but icebergs, it is impossible to see the warmth without great energy. The robots of the "Pivnichny Pole-1" station set the active role of Atlantic waters in the warmed upper cold ball. To navigate, unaffected by the low winter temperatures of the wind, Atlantic waters, driving on the ice below, to relax for the whole hour. It should be carried out until mіscevym lodіv, І to ice, to wine from the Central Arctic to the Greenland Sea.

The water flow of the Gulf Stream from the Florida channel to the Thomson threshold took 11 months, and from the Thomson threshold to Spitsbergen it took nearly 13 months.

Crossing the Irminger, having climbed up to the northern coast of the British Isles from the Pivnichniy Atlantic Current, on the way to the northern coast in the direction of Iceland. Approximately at 63 ° in winter latitude, it doubles in length. The rights of this part of the river are located in the Danish channel and with its warm waters it is not only the western shores of Iceland, but ale and pivnichni. In the whole area it is possible to enter into the hinterland of the Icelandic state of the Greenland current and, rippling with the waters, cool down and collapse into the new world. Liva, the part of Irmingera, after the roll-out, is turned to the early winter, and then for the afternoon, before we mow, to watch the flow of water and ice in the Greenland current. On the stick of waters, the temperature at the end of 20 to 36 km drops from 10 to 3 °.

In the area of ​​the former edge of Greenland, the current of Irminger and the Skhidno-Greenland concentrically runs through Miss Farvel and the whole of the ancient western part of the island, and for the time being called the Western-Greenland current, pass through the Devina channel into the Ba.

The Skhidno-Greenlandic cold current, which will serve as the main route for the drainage of water and wine and ice from the Arctic basin, will remove its ear on the mainland of Asia. With a gradual shift from the mainland to a private stretch in the Pole region, it will double: one head goes straight to the American sector of the Arctic, and one head goes to the side of the Greenland Sea. Near the winter-green Uzbek coast of Greenland in the East Greenland, water flows in and out of the cold current, right from the start of the road of the green-land Uzbek coast. The width of the Greenland Leak at 75-76 ° in the winter latitude is 175-220 km, the growth rate is from two miles per second at a latitude of 80 ° to 8 miles before 75 °, up to 9 miles before 70 ° and up to 16-18 miles before 65 -66 ° latitude; the water temperature is everywhere below 0 °. After completing Danska inundation, you will find yourself in the warm Іrmіngerome at the same time with Mys Farvel. In the whole area of ​​sea ice and icebergs, drinking in the stream of warm waters, quickly dance. Bilya misu Farvel the width of the belt of floating ice in the vicinity of the lake reaches 250-300 km, ale to the warm waters of Irminger, at the beginning of the river Desolation (62 ° winter latitude), ...

Labrador with a stretch є the continuation of the cold current of Buffin's Earth, where it shores a cob by the Smita channel. Take a walk along the banks of the Labrador Island and beyond on the first day of the western coast of Newfoundland; the force of the yogo is approximately 130,000 km 3 / rіk. They were carrying sea ice and icebergs, as it was already meant, very cold water in the Golfstrom. Lead the Labrador to get cold all over the river, cool down and wash all over in Uzbek. The tundra growth of Newfoundland crops is tied to the cold waters of Labrador. It is noteworthy that, at the same latitude, a little on the other side of the Atlantic, in France, there are growing varieties of grapes.

Looking out the paths of the Pivnichnoy Atlantic, mi overlapping, on the right side of the A. І. Voєykov, if he has said, directly from the sea currents, the role of the formative climate is great. On one and the same meridian of frosting far beyond the polar stake is the non-freezing port of Murmansk, and lying at 2,500 km a day from the Azov port will freeze on a small block of missiles. I, nareshty, pivnich Atlantic basin can be likened to a bathtub, cold water is poured into the yak through two taps (Labrador and Skhidno-Greenland leak), and through one - warm water from Gulfstrom. Regulating taps, we can change the Atlantic term, and with it the climate of the new continents. The insight into the great role of sea currents in the form of a climate began from the end of the last century to the development of regional conditions in a climate-controlled regime, changing directly to warm and cold currents. The order of tsim developed projects of great hydraulic engineering visits from regulation and transfer of river runoff. We are participating in the leading hydraulic engineering projects for the improvement of natural minds.