Nature yak ob'єkt philosophical understanding. Understanding nature. Recent science about nature

Geography teacher Irina Oleksandrivna Mironova

MOU Trusleyskaya ZOSH, Inzensky district

Pidruchnik A. A. Letyagin “Geography. cob course»

Lesson topic: "Geography - one of the sciences about the planet Earth"

Didactic meta: wash out for the first time learning, learning and comprehension of the new initial information with the help of technology for developing new technologies.

Vin described how the church was going to attack Columbus at the famous scene in Salamants. Irving stverdzhuvav, how church leaders passed Columbus's list of powers, which confirmed the idea of ​​a flat Earth. However, it does not sound like a sprymati vserioz; її її assessment has called to visnovka, but the whole thing is a wiggle. Historically, it was like that, on the scene in Salamants, the bullets were fought, but Christopher Columbus would be guilty of going over that far, not even thinking about the flat shape of the Earth.

The most to blame for the rosy legends of the Flat Earth, Mabut, є John Draper, a licar and a presenter, who became the dean of the Medical University in New York. Yogo dad is a Methodist pastor, but Ivan Buli has a strong antireligiyny feeling. If the blue sister died at the age of eight, the child's prayer was sent to Draper's taril, and it was so tormented that he sent a signal to the house. At that hour, there is a confl ict between science and biblical bouv for the peak. Darwin has published an unabashed way of looking beyond the natural beauty of the world, making it more expensive for the evolution.

Cycle for zmist:

education: take a form of knowledge about the science of geography, geography ob'ekti, geographic processes and phenomena, geographic obolonts.

Developing: Create mind for the development of cognitive activity, intellectual and creative health uchniv; accept the development of the mind, describe and explain the basic signs of the main ones to be understood by those; take the development of a self-help robot with a handler.

In a whole context, Draper's book vikoristovuvala myth about the Church in the plane of the Earth, to demonstrate the excellence of science in religion. Visnayuchi, how the deyaki of the middle century respected, that the Earth is spherical through its viri into the spherical earth, Draper has matched the church theologians, attacking Columbus in Salamanti.

Piznish Andrew Dixon White, President of Cornell University, published The History of Science in Theology in Christianity. Biliy called the book of the theory of flat territory as "the terror of the middle of the sailors and one of the great pereskod for the great journey of Columbus." 4 Follow the price, historian Jeffrey Burton Russell says: Quite, how old are you: Bily and his colleagues came before the clergy smelled, but the stench smelled the wrong information, one wicked one wondered prove 5.

vikhovnі: To accept the development of geographic culture, the culture of the primitive pratsi, to accept the development of communal minds; development of interest to the subject matter.

Planned results:

specialties:assimilation the significance of geographic knowledge for modern people.

Bagato іnshі author also made their own additions to the broadened hobby ideas about those who introduced Christianity to the flat earth before the Middle Ages in a whole hour. Such hybrids have become widely expanded in handbooks and encyclopedias. On Happiness, є signs of correction, the splinters of the grave will become larger. However, better than the "Flat Earth", it has become a synonym for non-government, ignored by the past and gracious religion. The legend is to serve the skeptics, to confirm that the stink of the race and the religion is not meritorious.

know with the butts of the natural decline of UNESCO (in the territory of the world, including Russia). motivation On vivchennya geography.

metasubject: see s Material signs of the understanding,

orієntuvatisya The handler knows and sees on the power supply;

Warehouse mini-ese; analizuvati information (text and illustrative, including video) for preparing meals; vikoristovuvati Move your minds for the rotation of your thoughts, thoughts; fold viznachennya to understand, lay out the uzagalnnya.

Such hybrids against churches have also become a hard-and-fast guard for the worship of science, demonstrating the overthrow of religion. I want the church to burst a lot of pardons, give ideas about those who like the Earth, but not one of them. This aberration was born at that hour, if science was valid from the religious authorities.

Religion and pioneering of contemporary science

Mayzhe all prominent founders modern science they were brutalized in God and in Bibliya. In their scientific forebears stenchs often talked about God and his robot in nature. The stench didn’t bother any kind of confrontation between God and the people of nature, so they respected the stench, because God created the laws of nature, as they destroyed science.

Subjects: razr_znyati Geographical ob'ykti and correctly nazivatykh,

to start Significance of UNESCO Objects for People, I will explain

іstotnі signs to understand: "geographic object", "geographic processes and phenomena", aim butt geographic institutions their performance, the results of geographic views and more expensive

Ser Isaac Newton, one of the most visible pupils of the most effective hours, having broken more, not be it the one, who will sound the theory of speculation and low rіven certificates, which have passed before the 10th hour. In his book, Newton commented: "This is the most beautiful system, it is possible to build up from Dreams, planets and comets, it can only be thought of as a strong and intelligent part."

The life of Newton is clearly illustrated, as science can come together and firmly believe in God. Johannes Kepler, who did the trick in Praz, breaking three principles, like "Kepler's laws", as this may have not changed. Like celebrities, the Italian astronomer Galiley, vin bachiv strong links between God and the mathematics of nature, like Newton, writing about the life of Christ.

Universalny Navchalny Diy:

specialties: Observe the need for vaccination by those.

regulatory: planuvaty own activity according to the teacher's certificate, building up to the independent discovery of new knowledge; vmіnnya cheruvati your cognitive performance, Organize your activity; visa initiation and development; assess the results.

On the view of Kepler and Newton, the science of the year is the most intelligent, if God is on the right. The new ideal is both materialistic and not sensible for God in his explanatory menu. The inclusion of God is indispensable. It’s clear: science rewrote and let God. Vіdomy bіolog Rіchard Levontіn of Garvardskogo unіversitetu honestly komentuє: He can be skazati scho Metodi i laws of science Yakima rank zmushuyut us priynyati materіalіstichne Explanation sposterezhuvanogo svitu, ale, navpaki our aprіorna prihilnіst materіalіzmu reasons zmushuє us stvoryuvati doslіdnitsku system i nabіr kontseptsіy, SSMSC zabezpechuyut materіalіstichne Explained, nevertheless, it seems to be intuitive or mistifying, for the uninitiated.

Piznavalny: the formulation and development of geographic knowledge, intellectual interests, intellectual and creative results; vminnya to conduct an independent joke, analysis, revision of information, revision, safety.

community: Vmіti spіlkuvatisya and vzaєmodіyati one by one.

Lesson type: A water lesson, a lesson in mastering new knowledge.

Besides, the whole materialism is absolute, so we cannot allow our doors, to see God for them. 1 Science has now put a sign "Do not enter!" Before God. In this hour, there may be more outside the victory of God with help and publication of special features. It’s a pity, you’ll also close the relationship, not allowing you to follow the signs of nature.

If God has seen science?

Science can’t estimate prove God, for example, Win wikipedia. Tsya Vera began to give signs, since materialism and lack of confidence in the virosli's religion. Philosophers and skeptics, such as Hume, Voltaire and Kant, have changed a lot in denouncing the light of the so-called period of "Prosvita". The view of Darwin's winery in the middle of a triple, unsettling picture of Evolution, a kind of mechanism, in which God did not take part. A small collection of the book was taken out in large reserves, it took only an hour, even though the theologian's offense was not signed on to the truth.

Forms of organizing the activity of scientists: Frontal, individual.

ustatkuvannya: pidruchnik A. A. Letyagin “Geography. Cob course. 5th class "- M.: Ventana-Graf, 2015, add gerel geographic information, cartoon" Who rosefarbuv in the sea? ", Preparing for the reflection" Islands ".

Go to lesson

1.Organizationally - motivational stage for the lesson

The out-of-town atmosphere came from spirituality, and such history, like a legend about the church's virgin flat the ground, They took the condemnation of the religion. Science has become strong and prestigious, as it was, as it was bared all the unwitting discernment, and not so well before, as thought began, that its field of excellence surpassed one one. The materialistic explanation of the bullets is practical for everything, that God did not need it. As a matter of fact, the fragments of the church were laid on the grave in the past, and God needs to be unique.

Tsey looked strongly perevazhaє until this day. Navit only about those who can be a clever seller of extreme folding, appearing in nature - a proposition that is adopted by the widespread trend of intellectual design, categorically seen by the leaders. Science was evil to itself in the past, in the past, as it will be surrounded by the building of the whole truth - pardon, as it is a miracle, as God knows!

meta: Emotional - a positive attitude to the lesson, the establishment of an atmosphere of success, doviri.

Teacher: Good day. I am glad to have you bachiti at the urotsi. Let's get to know with the handler of geography, who is the author of the subject.

For those lesson: Did you see the sciences in the cob schools? (I call the development of science from the course of the cob school)

God Vidkida Nourishment of Science

However, marveling at nature, її basic functions, it seems, is more appropriate to declare about the designer's knowledge. The axle of the butt! 3 How is the nutrition of a bi-buty organization itself by its own means in adapting and even more folding atoms? Atoms can make all kinds of speeches, from our brain to galaxies, and the stench can form a light, which helps us to bachiti. How many of the forces of physics have the most extreme values, precision and sphere of action, necessary for the knowledge of the whole world?

How can we create the simplest form of self-contained life, how can it be superbly foldable, organically by itself, on sterile earth? How did it come about through a variety of rice mutations with interrelated elements, so how is it a complex focus and system of self-regulation of exposure? Mutations may be too big for them, because they don't mean they can't plan or model folding organisms. Protest, milyardi rokiv, postulated for the general eulogy of life on Earth, but also short, as molecular rivnі, So and with low rates of growth of rosy organisms.

What kind of school subject vivchaє nature? (I call it navkolishn_y light)

Do you know what science is like? (I call natural sciences. Children are guilty of making and name science about nature.)

Formula for the lesson: Yak you think, what should we learn from this year at lessons? (I name the main understanding of the lesson in the framework of the side 5 (geography, geographic ob'kti, geographic processes and appearances, geographic obolonka)

Victory archives show the rapid development of the main groups, and not the actions of the evolutionary process of trivial life. As an explanation, it is understood that the evolution of the middle groups is similar to those of the organisms, but the problem is related to the activities of the main groups. Science did not come up with plausible explanations of the manifestations of the mind, such as witness, mind, morality, aesthetic wisdom, or the wisdom of our understanding.

It is a pity, for the svitskii vіtnosini of science, to appear, so the accuracy and folding in a number scientific indications They made atheistic mechanistic explanations more and more at once, not more than a century ago, since science has seen God. The inspiration of God by scientific spirituality, in my opinion, by the best philosophical mercy.

Motivational attitudes: take a peek at the cartoon "Who Rosefarbuv in the Sea" and create a story about those, what is the reason for the wrong behavior of the schoolboy? Yak її can you stick it? (Children know the cartoon about the wicked and call it the main reason - ignorance of geography, as it is necessary to vivchat.)

2.Procedural - step-by-step to the lesson

The extreme complexity of the psychology and sociology of the science of sportsmanship is the result of residual changes. Tim is not less,. Well, it can logically be considered, but the specialty of the spirit is the price of nature; there, the experience of seeing oneself is more comfortable, no more vivchennya God, who will be more active for vivchennya. However, the argument will use its legal power, take away the lightness to respect, because of the science of the art of making fantastical speculations, such as the idea of ​​all those things, the world is quiet, about the knowledge of the last vchenykh, as they vyavili be-as if they were scammed in geological spheres.

What is geography science? What is the subject of geographic science?

Send the necessary information on the side 5-6 of the handler

Robot with baby # 1 p.6 (Development of geographic institutions)

Guide geographic objects on the territory of the Ulyanovsk region, Russia, svit (save the table on the table).

The fact that science is so eager to speculate on all kinds of intelligible speeches, which do not admit of the least proposition about the presence of God in scientific interpretations, conveys more pre-emptiveness to God. The motive behind the creation of the science of God is the whole individual and the collective pride of the people and the singularity in the independent and successful scientific approach... This is the reason why freedom may be a special person, as I will propel the blindness of Vsesvit, in which it does not carry any visibility before God.

Besides, there are sociological reasons. In this day, it’s time to be found in a colossal grip, to turn God into science, especially because of the anti-divine leaders of scientific spirituality. In everyday practice, as well as include in themselves be-like influences on God in their interpretations, academic and scientific art, which is better for everything, see. It’s very important to believe in God 4, but don’t hesitate to write about Nyogo.

Geographic objects

Why grab the Earth? To guide the butt, to confirm the significance of geography for singing professions. Yakimy materials (geographic products) stink?

What geographers do you think about being a resident of the planet? (Pererakhovyat name monuments of nature)

Who knows about all the inhabitants of the Earth? (Follow the formula of the understanding cultural decline UNESCO. Necessity of saving natural decline for sites.)

Yak to vivchayut the Earth? Name the types of methods for the production of objects? How can geography be victorious from them? (Names: caution, description, judgment, analysis, vivchennya per hour)

For help, who should I vivchayut the Earth? Guide to prove to tverdzhennya "A grasp of geography for a schoolboy is the main reason for rejection of geographic knowledge." (I will read the introduction to the article "Yak prompting a handler" and suggest arguments: a description of geographic objects and manifestations is given, the reasons for changes in the hour are explained)

Teacher: Let’s be amazed by the wizard of the handler and being cognizable due to the structure and the wickedness of the basic distributions of the handler and the apparatus of arrangement in the new one.

Refer to the power supply of the reader.

For example, in any paragraph and on some sides, we know how to feed:

1. What about the watershed?

2. What are the names?

3. On what little rychki stench є? (Pp. 98-99 §17)

Teacher: Guide the geographic information dzherel that you see. (I call pictures, books, high-price friends, encyclopedias, cosmic signs, films, newspapers, transmissions, etc.)

3.Stage fixing

1. Nutrition for beating:

What does the word geography mean?

What kind of geography?

For whom to vivchayut geography?

Yak vivchayut geography?

For the help of whom to vivchayut geography?

Why do you want to tie geography?

Do you know about geography?

Would you like to learn geography?

What books and magazines have you read?

What TV shows and films of the geographic wizard have you found?

test1) The name "geography" in the translation from the walnut means:

A) earthquake

B) excavation

C) land description

2) Science about the nature of the Earth can be considered for help

A) picks of answers about nature

B) assistant of geography

C) cartoon

3) What object is not geographic?

B) Vesuviy volcano

B) Egyptian piracy

vidpovidi 1-in 2-b і 3-а і explain the reason for the choice. Find out the correct views (self-control)

Pidvdennya pidsumkiv

Teacher: Hero of the comedy D.I. Fonvizina "nedouk" Mitrofanushka seems to be her own reader: "What about geography now? Kudi treba, you will take me away ”. And yak is your dumka? What are the needs of everyday people geographic knowledge and for whom? (Learning to grasp your thought. Enter mini-ese, 5 sentences)

4. Reflexive step to the lesson

Reception of the "Island". On the map from the images of the islands with the offensive names of Fr. Joy, oh. Trouble, oh. Zdivuvannya, about. Troubles, oh. Ochikuvannya, about. Education, about. Satisfied, oh. Nasnagi, about. Nasolodi prikrіpiti abo namalyuvati (on arkushi Whatman abo on doshtsi) your ship at the general distribution of the picture, which depicts your soulful, emotional-chuttєve camp.

Note. you can namalyuvati new island name it, as it is not on the map and draw the image of the Bermuda tricycle.

5. Explanation of homework

obov'yazkove zavdannya Know in the text (paragraph 1 p. 5) and in the vocabulary of the meaning:

1) geographic ob'єkt,

2) geographic processes and events,

3) geographic shell.

Adjustments in the text of the statute (paragraph 1 p. 7) a number of UNESCO objects in 1978 and in 2015. Growth of visnovok: has the growth rate improved?

Dodatkove zavdannya (on vibir)

Department number 6 side 10 (for bazhannyam)

Міні - tvіr. Continue reading the list, describing your position and argumentation. I think it's new geographers on our planet it is necessary, so yak ...

Sociological experience. Understand why the role of geography in the life of the suspension is important. Feed about your family and loved ones. Write down your thought in the table.

yaksho homework on the topic: »Synopsis of the lesson in geography" Geography - one of the sciences about the planet Earth "5th grade We will be clear to you, then we will let you know, if you change your mind to see yourself on the side of your social net.

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    (Ob'єdnavchi) processes

    2. Natural science - the science of nature

    The word "natural science" є according to two words - "stvo" ("nature") and "knowledge". Vono may be replaced by the mensh vzhivanny word-synonymic "natural science", as it resembles the English term "vedi" or "veda" - science, knowledge. Mi and dosi are said to "come" in the sense of the nobility. But in the Danish hour of natural science, to think in front of the so-called more accurate natural knowledge, so that it is also fully formalized - often in mathematical formulas - "more precisely" knowledge about everything that is reasonable є (anyway, accept, it is possible) in All-knowing, and "Suspension of knowledge" or "scientific knowledge") invoke the expression of amorphous expressions about the subject of your "knowledge"

    The history of science informs about those who, in their development, natural knowledge, repaired from the very first crocs in ancient times, went through three stages and entered the fourth

    At the first of them, the backward syncretic (non-differentiated, undetermined) statements about the new world were formulated, the so-called nature philosophy (the philosophy of nature) was called

    Then, from the XV-XVI century, it sent an analytical stage - the astronomical development and vision of some details, which called for the development of physics, chemistry and biology, as well as a whole series of private sciences,

    Now, even closer to our hour, it has become a deed to create an integral picture of Nature on the basis of earlier known particles, i.e. the synthetic stage has come.

    Nareshti, in Danish hour the time has come not only to ground the principles of integrity (integration) of all natural science, altogether and take into account nutrition: why physics itself, chemistry and biology, geography and psychology became psychology ... E. the beginning is necessary, an integral-differential stage is required. To this, natural science is actually the only science about Nature to pop up actually only now. It is only possible to see Nature (Vsesvit, Life and Rozum) as a single rich-faceted natural science object at the end of the stage

    However, all of the stages of the pre-development of Nature, by the day, are the Lankans of one lantsyug

    Do not care about those who are persuaded of them - natural philosophy - see the three advancing tims, but they should not worry about the methods of caution, and not the experiment, only the role, and not to be exact, until now important. Itself at the tsіy stage of the event, the announcement about the svit yak z chogos, which has become, is not called out of chaos, evolution. And let me look at those, where the visibility of experimental methods has not yet allowed for mothers of exact knowledge, an ear of natural science as a science, it seems that astronomy (in the sense of astrometry) and geodesy is not allowed. ), historically to carry up to the XV-XVI century, that is, at that hour, since the preliminaries of Nature entered another stage - the analytical

    The first need for education, which has been accumulated from quiet periods and until the present hour, the main mass of up until now in the vivification of Nature has appeared at the third other stage. Poyasnyuєtsya Tim Tse, scho analіtichne doslіdzhennya natural ob'єktіv zdіysnyuvalosya protyagom bagatoh i bagatoh stolіt velicheznoyu armієyu doslіdnikіv - mandrіvnikіv i moreplavtsіv, lіkarіv, astrologіv astronomіv i, i alhіmіkіv hіmіkіv, vinahіdlivih remіsnikіv i tehnіchnih kerіvnikіv Promyslova virobnitstva, naglyadovih villagers i agronomіv. With a glance, having penetrated into the whiskers of the Earth and Heaven, near the beasts and roses, the accumulated results are not only passive cautions, but the final, planned empirical messages. Itself at the analytical stage of the development of Nature has appeared all that rich array of natural - scientific knowledge, which is the basis of such sciences, such as physics, chemistry and biology, as well as geography and geology

    The natural sensitivity of pre-glazed people to all the greater extent of the form of their natural objects and to all the greater penetration in their details and led to non-promiscuous differentials,

    The trend towards further uninterrupted differentiation of natural sciences is the first head special the analytical stage of the preliminaries of Nature. E a Ende tsia to become too much for the present

    In addition to another peculiarity of the analytical stage, knowledge over theoretical

    The third special feature of the cycle of the stage is the more advanced - overwhelming - the preliminaries of the subjects of Nature according to the relation to the processes

    Nareshty, another one - the fourth peculiarity of the analogical period of development of natural science is that Nature itself, right up to the middle of the 19th century, looked overwhelmingly insensitive, ossified, posture of the Evolution

    Characteristically, they move up to the third (synthetic) and go up to the fourth (integral-differential) stages of the pre-development of Nature, unimportant to their characteristic transition to the problems of the evolution of non-stability, but even ... Moreover, the processes of differentiation of natural sciences will be accommodated, and a large number of empirical

    3. Science Geography - as an independent division of natural science

    The science of Nature, i.e., Natural science, traditionally subscribes to such, greater self-determination, development, such as physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, geography and geology

    Geography is a system of natural and sustainable sciences, such as natural and viral-territorial complexes and components. The establishment of natural and sustainable geographic disciplines within the framework of a single system of sciences is based on a tight interconnection between preliminaries and the specialty of a scientific establishment, which is stored in a comprehensive natural an effective victorian natural resources, Rational distribution of virobnitstva and stems friendly middle-class for the life of people

    The founder of the science of geography is the ancient Greek doctrine of Eratosthenes, who is alive in the III century before our era. Win the first time in the term "geography", Adzhe called his own tritomic pratsy that way, which, unfortunately, will not bring us to us. Win pershim doviv, that the Earth is effective in shape, that it is in the shape of Pyfagor

    Nicholas in the entire thousand years of history geography has not been involved in the creation of the Earth and the planet

    Earth is a great spherical core of molten magmi, packed in a shkaralupa earth measles, Zagalny diameter is 13 yew. Km, і inform the atmosphere of the zavtovshka 2 yew. Km. The first all-middle giant cam'yano-gas til є a small ball with a whole cluster of dozens of kilometers. It should not become more than 1% of the total volume of the Earth and spread thinly on the cordon between the thousand-kilometer comrades of the earth's solid and atmosphere

    In the very thin sphere itself, the whole light is thought, which is immersed in its own little house. For this boundary, no majestic hmari, no fierce typhoons and hurricanes, no fierce cyclones, no fierce storms over our head. In the middle of a new high mountains and the most oceanic traps, pass the trails of the lithuanians and navigate the most generous genera of the cinnamon copalins. The whole ball is suspiciously maliy at the same time with the dimensions of our planet, ale nowhere on Earth, nor in the ever-present All-Russian

    Here all the lights of us were intertwined and angry at one - light of the earth and light of water, light of living organisms and light of a dead stone, light of soil and light of people. It's all here chemistry elements to be located in unbreakable Russia and re-creation, this year's warehouse will be just a giant ice-hopper, and tomorrow will be the organism of a smart people. Everything here is in a tight interconnection: the ruinous typhoons pop up through the swing of a charming blizzard, and the political decision of the president to bring about climatic disasters

    The male is superbly thin and unique ball of the planet Earth, the title of geographic obolonka, vivchala earlier and vivchak at a time science Geography ... A lot of hundreds of rockies were known to geography in order to get along with all the cocks, to seek out the potential to become part of the world

    Having seen all the continents and oceans, having built on the exact picture the best lakes and islands, at the sight of the sound, I don’t know practically nothing about the device’s light.

    Proceeding to the construction of the attachment to the house, they buried themselves in their folds, and, having wrapped their sleeves, felt until all the t ... The first one geography immediately fell apart into a lack of disciplines, the skin of those who lived in its own part of the geographic envelope is one of the numerical earthly saints

    To preserve the atmosphere and to take care of the climate climatology, And the streams and lakes are located near the river hydrology... lodi vivcha glaciology, To the ground - grossness, And the forms relєfu earthly surface trick geomorphology... Living bags of the planet vivcha biogeography, And the people and their activity - social and economic geography... Remaining already distilled into political geography, geography of transport, geography of trade, geography of culture, geography of religion ....

    Geographical insights, which merit for the value of "great", were seen on our planet in the history of the era, from antiquity to the XX century. In the era of the Great Geographical Indications, it was accepted that the historical period was strictly denoted. Yogo chronological framework of the history of history and geographers is viciously surrounded by the middle or end of the XV-middle of the XVII century. Zhodna іnsha era has not been filled with geographic indications, and the stench doesn’t have such a vague meaning for the whole of Europe

    Zusillami kіlkokh generation of seafarers and explorers of the frontiers from Kumeni Buli rozsunutі, the light of the Nemov was filled with new farbs, becoming in all his miraculous rozmaitty

    Within the framework of the epoch, the preachers clearly see two periods:

      • the middle of the end of the XV - the middle of the XVI century. - the period of Spanish and Portuguese views in Africa, America and Asia, including the seafaring floats of Columbus, Vasco da Gami and Magellan.
      • mid XVI - mid XVII century - the period, the main change of how the hostile achievements of Russian explorers in the winter of Asia, the English and French views in the New America, the Dutch news of Australia and the United States.

    It’s just because recently it’s like this kind of extension of the type of the geographer Nachebto Zhyulvernovskaya Paganel - a kind of walking geographic encyclopedia That is the current year in science, there have been new developments. Once upon a time, there have gone in the past hours of the same encyclopedists, others, for example, to the great M.V.

    At our hour, geography is no longer a bunch of geography, according to the description of science, by the main reason for the preliminaries of the last few lands and lands. Hours went bezpovorotno, so called, "romantic" geography. Lyudin vihodiv, having ob'yzdiv, having drunk all our mayzhe, yak z'yasuvalosya not great planet and before that, now steadily looking around the cosmos. To that the geography is so chaotic as it is experiencing its new people. A lot of descriptiveness in new methods, as it is possible to say so, constructiveness and forecasting, to that, development of virobability and glib social and economic transformation in the light of carnival of science in the process of changing previous robots

    Our science is now facing a new zeal: to learn about the fashion of nature and human performance. Nini geography vivchaє nature and with the help of saving in the process of the state vicarious, which is especially important in the period of the scientific and technological revolution

    Zusilya Bagatyokh geographers in our hour were recruited to Vivchennya environmental problems... It is a pity, in their richness, do not expect a well-thought-out, gospodarstvosti dyyalnosti, people have given to the majestic, often wrong, the beggars of the nature of our sometimes small planet, and a lot of negativity has flowed from fate into the growth of the market. All the more and more are allowed to enter the atmosphere of the Earth cheery speeches, Wiklikayut acid boards. Otruyuyutsya waters and oceans and seas. Bagato rychki will be transformed into the static ditches. Guinet Bagato Lakes

    It is very negative to recognize the uncontrolled blame of the fossil masses, the "green legends" of the planet, and the unrepeatable creature light. The first rate of global poaching is growing

    The great and folding path was passed by people, opening up one by one tamnitsі earthly coo... A lot of unhomed lands were glimpsed by the glimpses of the glory geographic map light. So, for example, Christopher Columbus is a prominent seafarer, yaky, how to get involved, in 1492 he went to America, who knew about the ancient Vikings, and even earlier celts, the Egyptians, the Egyptians, the Chinese

    To appear, until now, the feast has not been established reliably, on the very island, named by the name of San Salvador ("Ryativnik"), hanging by Columbus, reaching the shores of an unattended continent. Respected, what is the reason for the rooting in the group of the Bahamas and to be called Nini Samana Kai

    4. Rіven іntelektu on іznih shchablya development of people

    Rocky Christmas and Death

    Land of the people and robots

    main entry

    Note

    505g. BC

    Carthage (Africa)

    Visits and preliminaries of the islands of Schaslyv (Canarsky), Vechirniy Rig, Pivdenny Rig, Rio de Oro inlets

    484g. BC

    Little Asian r Galikarnas

    Doslіdzhennya Egyptu podorozh udovzh coastlines of Africa

    340g. BC

    Massilia (Africa)

    Obstezhu shores of Iberia and Celtica, Albion island

    Claudius Ptolemy

    90-160 BC

    Ptolemy's cartoons, with the lines of latitude and dovgoti drawn on them

    146g. BC

    Familiarize yourself with the remote coast of Africa

    63g. BC

    Cappadocia (part of the half of Mala Asia)

    Tvir "Geography", which is stored in 17 books

    Great part of the creation has been preserved until our hour

    63g. BC

    Ob'yzhdzhak aziatske uzberezhzha from India to the Persian outflow

    Pavsaniy

    Rome, Italy)

    Vidviduvannya and vivchennya Elladi

    Doslidzhuk Khotan kingdom, Afghanistan, North India, Ceylon

    Cosmas Indikoplev

    Doslіdzhennya Ethiopia, Іndії and Wіth Asia

    Suleiman

    Basra (Arabia)

    Oglyadaє Omans'ka inflow, Syamsky inflow і Pivdenno-Chinese sea

    Eirik Raudi

    Chi is not tired.

    Iceland

    981 - the Normans reclaimed the Atlantic Ocean and into the open air of Greenland

    Leif Eirikson

    Chi is not tired.

    Greenland

    1001 p. - reaching of the skidny shores Wine of America; see the land "Winland" Peninsula Nova Scotland)

    Marco Polo

    1254 - 1324

    Italy, China

    1271-1295 - go to China

    Ibn-Battuta

    Pivnichna Africa

    Doslidzhennya Egypt, Arabia, India, China

    Jean de Bettencourt

    After the conquest of the Canary Islands, an ear of European colonization was laid

    Christopher Columbus

    Spain, Portugal

    1) 1492 - Official view of America (view of the Bahamas, Cuba and Gait)

    2) 1500g. - the opening of the coast of Guiani and the Caribbean Uzbek.

    Amerigo Vespucci

    1500-1506yy - official of America's view

    John Cabot

    Genoa, England

    1497-1498yy - the emergence of the early and early stages of the Uzbek Bafin Land

    V. Pinson

    1500g. - Opening of the brazilian coasts and the Amazonian airplane

    Ponce de Leon

    1513 - display of the Florida peninsula and the cob farm to Golfstrom

    Vasco Balboa

    1513 - the cross of the Panama Isthmus and the opening of the "Holy Sea", like the Pacific Ocean

    Fernand Magellan

    1470 - 1521

    Spain, people - Portugal

    1519 - I will increase the price for a little more. Vidkrittya shores of Patagonia, Vognennoy Earth, Magellan ducts. The re-incarnation of the "Pivdenny Sea" into the Pacific Ocean

    Bartolomeu Diash

    Portugal

    1434-1488yy - Ser_ya of the first swimming Evropeyts_v uzdovzh remote shores Of Africa

    Vasco da Gama

    Portugal

    1) 1497-1498 - Africa is bypassed by sea. Road to India Vidkrit

    2) 1498 - more recent reports of the Indian and Eastern Asia

    As a result of Vasco da Gami's sailing, the map of the world has changed a lot. Atlantic i Indian Ocean z'єdnanimi appeared; clarification of the contours of Africa, as well as drawing on the map of the islands of Madagascar

    Lev African

    1511-1515yy - pretin and peretin of the Sahari.

    Afanasy Nikitin

    1466 - 1442 - "Walking across the three seas" from Russia to the First Europe

    Yrmak Timofiyovich

    Chi is not set. O-1585.

    1581-1584gg - go to Western Siberia legendary Єrmak

    Jacques Carti

    1535. - visit to the small river of St. Lawrence - official of the view of Canada

    Francisco de Orellana

    Spain, Brazil

    1541-1542 - across the Andi to the Amazon selva. Swimming along the Amazon to the її girl

    Francis Drake

    Great Britain, Central America

    1578 - Drake duct opening

    Beheim Martin

    Nimechchina

    Globe Beheim

    Ernando Cortez

    Spain, America

    Elder and conqueror of Mexico

    Mercator Gerard

    Holland

    Cartographer, student of yogo activity in 1595r. z'avivsya collection of cards

    In an hour, the collection of maps became an atlas

    Henry Hudson

    Great Britain

    1610 - opening of the Hudson channel and the Hudson channel

    Hudson posted information about the possibilities of the whale and animal industries in the research. їм part of Pivnichniy The icy ocean

    Semyon Dezhnev

    1648 RUR - the first floating near the Chukotsky p_vostrov. Vidkrittya Berengovoy channel

    Vitus Bering

    1) 1725-1730 - I Kamchatka expedition. Official display of the Bering channel

    2) 1741 - open-circuit display, t.v. "Russian America"

    A. Mackenzi

    Great Britain

    1788-1789gg - go to the river Makenzi

    J. Vancouver

    Great Britain

    1792 - go to the Pacific Ocean. View of Vancouver Island.

    Oleksandr Humboldt

    R. 1769 - 1859

    Nimechchina

    1) 1799. - hung on the coast of Venezuela in the port of Kumana

    2) 1800. - rise in price in Cuba

    3) 1801 - rise along the Magdalena river, before gir system Andes and її volcanoes.

    Humboldt visit the volcano

    Oleksandr Humboldt

    Nimechchina

    Founder of Fizkabinet-Chesky Geogr. yak science

    Viv'un de Saint-Martin

    Charton Edward

    Geographer, historian of geographic views, viewer of the magazine "Vokrug Sveta"

    D. Antsiferov

    Chi is not tired.

    1711-1713 - the appearance of the Kuril Islands and the composition of the first picture.

    Martin Frobisher

    1576-1610 - until the last Buffin of the Earth, the opening of the Frobisher inflow

    John Devis

    1550 -1605

    1585-1587yy - until after Buffinova zatoka i Atlantic Uzbek Labrador, view of the Khol Peninsula,

    Steven Barrow

    Chi is not tired.

    1556 - until the end of the Ice Ocean,

    having seen the science literature about the Arctic

    Willem Barents

    Holland

    1) 1594r. - view of Misu Carlsen, the islands of the Admiralty

    2) 1596r. - second test of Spitzbergen

    Abel Tasman

    Holland

    1644 - view of Australia

    Luis PAES Torres

    RUB 1560-1614

    Holland

    1606 - vidkriv Pivdenny coast of New Guinea, Torres channel

    Ivan Moskovitin

    Chi is not tired.

    1639-1640gg - pre-release of the Uzbek Sea of ​​Okhotsk

    Vasil Poyarkov

    unavailable

    1644-1646 - Expedition on the Amur

    Orofiy Pavlovich Khabarov

    1632-1653yy - until Siberia

    1719-1721 - the folding of the first picture of the celebration of Siberia, Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands

    L. Morozko

    1691-1699 - dossagnen-zhennya of Kamchatka. First doslіdzhennya piv-va.

    Stepan Petrovich Krashennikov

    1738-1751 - pre-release of Kamchatka, the book "description of the land of Kamchatka"

    Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin

    1736-1739 - Great Pivnichna expedition in the Arctic seas

    Fedir Petrovich Litke

    1821-1829 - the development of a group of islands in the Karolinsky Archipelase

    Buv turned to the head of the Geographic Partnership in 1845.

    1699-1700 - until the last rounds of Blakitny Nilu and Ephesians.

    David Livingston

    RUR 1813 - 1873

    Great Britain

    1849-1871 - Bagatory series of the most important English views in central Africa: the Kalahari shepherd, the upper Zambezi, the Viktori watershed, the Great African Lakes, the upper Congo

    Livingston appropriating Africa to a larger part of his life, passing over 50 thousand km

    Chi is not tired.

    1893-1900 - Peretin Sahari from Algeria to Lake Chad

    Henry Stanley

    USA, UK

    1871-1877 - Liveston's shot and the opening of the turns in Bily Nil. Perche of the Congo and the Great Lakes

    1880-1883 - the rise of the watershed. Nilu i Congo

    Mikola Mikhailovich Przhevalsky

    1) 1867-1868 - the slid-bath of the Distant Descent

    2) 1873 - expedition to Central Asia

    For the decisions of the Academy of Sciences in honor of the Przhevalsky Bula vibi-ta Gold medal with the inscription "To the First Preschool of the Nature of Central Asia"

    Charles Wilkes

    1838-1842 - ear of rejection of the shelf ice-nick Shackleton, Wielks Land

    Mikola Mikolayovich Miklukho-Maclay

    Born 1846-1887

    1870-1877 - after the release of the New Guinea

    Nordenskjold

    1876-1879yy - after Zakhidny Sibir, seen by Misu Dixon

    Frithof Nansen

    R. 1861-1930

    Norway

    1888-1893 - after the Arctic

    from 1897r - professor of zoology at the University of Oslo

    Robert Piri

    1909r - Dosyag of the Pivnichnaya Pole behind the yogo rosrakhunks

    Robert Scott

    1902-1904 - expedition to the shores of Antarctica

    Petro Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky

    Born 1824-1914

    1856-1857gg - expedition to Tien Shan

    Buv turned to the head of the Geographic Partnership in 1873

    Raoul Amundsen

    Greenland, Alaska

    1911r - ice trip to the Pivdenny Pole

    Andriy Oleksandrovich Grigor'ev

    rozrobiv scholarship about the geographic envelope of the Earth; giving an analysis natural mindsіnіg geographic belts of the Earth.

    Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1939 to 1918 - organizer and first director of the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (until 1951). Laureate of the State Prize of the SRSR 1947r

    Inokentiy Petrovich Gerasimov

    MAK Pratsi z geography of Oruntiv, geomorphology, paleo-and physical geography.

    Laureate of the Sovereign Prize of the USSR, 1973 r

    Kostyantin Kostyantinovich Markov

    Laureate of the Sovereign Prize of the USSR, 1971 r

    Stanislav V. Kalesnik

    Basic Practices of Theoretical Nutrition of Physical Geography, Zagalny Land Studies

    President of the Geographic Partnership of the SRSR from 1964-1977 rr.

    Viktor Borisovich Sochava

    Basic practice on class-classification landscapes in tundra and taiga, geobotanical area

    Lev Semenovich Berg

    Having broken the decision about landscapes and given ideas about natural areas... The first is the zoning of the physical-geographic region of the USSR.

    Z 1940 to 1950 - The president geographic partnership CPSR

    Laureate of the Sovereign Prize of the USSR, 1951 r

    5. High-value roads and geographic views

    rocky

    geographic ob'єkt

    The land, having arranged the expe dition

    Keruy tel abo participants of expeditions

    I. A 3 I Z

    Raise Marco Polo to China

    Marco Polo

    "Hodinnya over the three seas" from Russia to the first India

    Afanasy Nikitin

    Perche reaching the end of the Indian sea route

    Portugal

    Vasco da Gama

    More Portuguese preliminaries of the Indian and Eastern Asia

    Portugal

    P. Cabral, Vasco da Gama, F. Almeida

    Opening of the Philippines Islands in the First Around the World Road

    F.Magellana

    Vidviduvannya Zakhidny Sibir of the legendary Urmak

    Yrmak Timofiyovich

    Presented by the Dutch News of the Earth

    Holland

    Circular expedition from Turukhansk along the rivers of Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Deer, Angara, Onisey to Turukhansk

    The first swim on the Olenia to the її girl

    I. Perfilyev, I. Ribrov

    Visiting the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. forwards Great Russia"Poached" the Great Ocean

    I.Moskvitin

    Vidkrittya "Glorious Sea" - Lake Baikal

    First hikes in Yakutia and Amur region

    V. Poyarkov

    Perche floating near Chukotsky p_vostrov. Opening of the Bering channel

    Reaching Kamchatka. First doslіdzhennya pіvostrova

    L. Morozko, V. Atlasov

    The opening of the Kuril Islands and the folding of the first picture

    D.Antsiferov, I.Kozirevskiy

    Vivchennya to Caspian and Stepi in Kazakhstan

    A. Bekovich-Cherkaskiy

    Creation of the first picture of the day of Siberia, Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands

    Kevreinov, F. Luzhin

    I Kamchatka Expedition. Official display of the Bering channel

    V. Beringa, A. Chirikov

    Perche Peretin of the Bering Channel and the expansion of the Pivnichnaya America

    K. Fedorov, M. Gvozdev

    Applied to the map of the Uzbek seas Laptavikh, Skhidno-Sibirsky and Chukotsky

    V. Pronchishchev, S. Chelyuskin, H. and D. Laptevi

    Hello America! View of the Russian Pivnichno-Western shores of Pivnichnaya America

    A. Chirikov

    Opening of the Commander Islands

    vіdkrittya samoї point Eurasia - misu Chelyuskin

    S. Chelyuskin

    Pershe rosіyske circumnavigation of the world. vidkrittya Morskoy Way from European Russia to Kamchatka and Alaska

    I. Kruzenshtern, Y. Lisinsky

    Continuing the description of the Pivnichniy uzberezhzhja of Eurasia. Science of Wrangel Island

    F. Wrangel

    Persha describe the shores of the Aral Sea. Zamalivki Taras Shevchenko

    A. Butakov

    Opening of the Nevelskoy channel. Russian ensign over Primor'am. Pidstava Mikolaivska on Amur and Vladivostok

    G. Nevelskoy, N. Boshnyak

    Russian expedition in the heart of "heavenly gir" (Tien Shan). Vidkrittya Lake Issik-Kul, turns into the rychok Sirdar and Chu

    P.P. Semenov-Tyanshanskiy

    Perceiving unofficial penetration into the fence and tamnichu Kashgar and Takla-Makin under the guise of a pilgrim

    Ch. Valikhanov

    Preceding Central Asia: Dzungaria, Tibet, Gobi, Lobnor lakes, turns in Huanghe and Yangzi

    N. Przhevalsky

    The first penetration of Europe into the central part of Pamiru

    N. Severtsev

    Continuing education in Central Asia

    M. Pevtsov, G. Potenin, V. Roborovskiy, P. Kozlov, G. and M. Grumm-Grzhimailo

    Remaining heart of Asia (Western China and Mongolia)

    V.0bruchev, V. Roborovskiy, P. Kozlov

    Remaining great geographic view in Asia - Chersky ridge

    S. Obruchev

    II. A F R I K A

    A series of the first swims of the Europeans in the western shores of Africa

    Portugal

    K. Diash, A. Baldaya, R. Sikeiro

    Africa is bypassed by sea. Road to India Vidkrit

    Portugal

    Vasco da Gama

    Preschool and Peretin Sahari

    Lev African

    Preceding the rounds of Blakitny Nilu and Ephesians

    Bagatorial series of the most important English displays in central Africa. Kalahari Pestle, upper Zambez, Victoria Falls, Great African Lakes, upper Congo

    Great Britain

    D.Livingston

    Liveston's message and the opening of the rounds in Bily Nil. Perche of the Congo and the Great Lakes

    USA, UK

    Inspection to water supply Nilu and Congo

    Peretin Sahari from Algeria to Lake Chad

    III. PIVNICHNA І PIVDENNA AMERICA

    peretin by the Normans Atlantic Ocean and the Greenland Islands

    Iceland

    Eirik Raudi

    Reaching the hillsides of Sivsha. America; open land "Winland" (also the peninsula of Nova Scotia)

    Greenland

    Leif Eirikson

    Official view of America (view of the Bahamas, Cuba and Haiti)

    Vidkrittya shores of Guiani and Caribbean Uzbek

    Brazilian Beaches and the Amazon Airplane

    Visitors to the Middle Coast of Brazil and the Bay of Rio de Janeiro

    Expedition with the participation of A. Vespucci

    Opening of the Floridian cob and cob to GolfStrum

    Ponce de Leon

    Peretin of the Panama Isthmus and the appearance of the "Holy Sea", like the year that appeared ... the Pacific Ocean - the largest on the planet

    V. Balbon

    view of mexico

    For a round-the-clock trip. Vidkrittya shores of Patagonia, Vognnoy Zemli, Magellanovy ducts. "Reincarnation" of the Indian Sea into the Pacific Ocean

    F.Magellana

    Visit to the St. Lawrence River - official view of Canada

    Preceding the Misses and Central regions of the United States

    Through Andi to the Amazon jungle. Swimming along the Amazon to the її girl

    F. Orelyana

    Peretin Brazilian Nagir'ya. Vidkrittya diva of nature - vodospad Іguasu

    A.Caveza de Vaska

    Drake ducts opening

    Great Britain

    Opening of the Hudson Channel and the Hudson Channel

    Great Britain

    Vіdkrittya Nіagarskogo waterfall

    E.Brule, J.Nikole

    Perche floatation by the Bering channel

    Opening of the Pivnichno-Western part of Pivnichnaya America

    I. Fedorov, M. Gvozdev

    Opening of the Pivnichno-Zakhidnoy sov. "Russian America"

    V. Beringa, A. Chirikov

    Go to the river Makenzi

    Great Britain

    A.Makenzi

    Go to the Pacific Ocean. In addition to Vancouver Island

    Great Britain

    J. Vancouver

    IV. AUSTRALIA TA OCEANIA

    Perche round-the-world sailing. Peretin of the Pacific Ocean and the island of Guam

    F.Magellana

    View of the Solomon Islands

    A. Mendanya

    Opening of the Australian outback

    Holland

    Tasmania and New Zealand views

    Holland

    Easter Island view

    Holland

    J. Roggeven

    English on The Pacific... News of Caledonia, Tongan Islands, Uzbek Australia, Libyan Islands

    Great Britain

    Vidkrittya Bassovaya ducts

    Great Britain

    Pre-arrival of the western shores of Australia. Vidkrittya outflow of the geographer and naturalist

    Russia in the Pacific Ocean. View of Suvorov Island, Rosiyan Island, Marshall Island, Taumotu and Inshikh

    M. Lazarev, O. Kotzebue, F. Bellinshausen

    First expedition to Central Australia

    Australia

    Perche Peretin Australia

    Australia

    Before the last part of the Uzbek New Guinea, I named the Maclay Coast

    M. Miklukho-Maclay

    V. ARCTIC

    Pidkorennya Pivnichnogo Pole

    Vіdkrittya Zemli Mikoli II (nini Pivnichna Land)

    B. Dilkitsky

    Approved in absentia on the view of the island of Vise

    O. Shmidt, V. Vise

    Record for one sailing sailing by the Great Pivnichny sea route on the krigolam steam ship "Sibiryakov"

    Completion of the successful robotics of the first radio drifting station "Pivnichny Pole I"

    I. Papanin, P. Shirshov, N. FEDOROV, E. Krenkel

    Doslіdzhennya of the bottom of the icy ocean. The emergence of the Lomonosov ridge

    J. Hackel

    1950 to one hour

    The continuation of the long-lasting days of the bottom of the Ice Ocean at the drifting stations "Pivnichny Pole"

    Sportsmen to the Institute of the Arctic and Antarctic

    Forward in history, the development of the Arctic to reach the Pivnichny Pole at the atomic krigolami "Rosiya"

    1982 06.02-04.07 1986

    From the coast of the Bering Channel to the Murmansk Uzbek - 10000 km in 8 months

    S. Solovyov's group

    1986 29.01-07.03 1988

    The root of the pole of inaccessibility in the unseen suvorikh minds of the polar night on the licks

    D. Shmaro's group

    1988 15.02- 25.04

    A record lizhny crossing in 1800 km from the coast of Russia through the Pivnichny Pole to Canada

    D. Shmaro's group

    Vi. ANTARCTICA

    Great achievement of Russian sailors. Mainland Antarctica

    F. Bellinshausen, M. Lazarev

    View of the islands of Peter I, Land of Oleksandr I. View of the Bellinshausen Sea

    F. Bellinshausen, M. Lazarev

    Weddell Sea View

    Great Britain

    J. Weddell

    Pole root

    Norway

    R. Amundsen

    Secondary reaching of the new pole and tragic end of the past

    Great Britain

    View of the Land of Queen Maud, Shores of Princess Marty, Prince Olof, Princess Ranhildi and others

    Norway

    X-Riser-Larsen

    Bagatorial International Geophysical Rik. An ear of spilny I will step on the "bila plama" of Antarctica by 12 powers

    USA, Great Britain, USSR, Japan, Australia, Chile and ін.

    kerіvniki expeditions

    Ear of radianskie Antarctic expeditions. View of the sea of ​​cosmonauts, Sp_vdruzhnost_, Lazarev and in. Walk into the mainland. Nearly 1000 Russian geographical names on the map of Antarctica. pershoi stem lecture picture

    M. Somov, A. Treshnikov, E. Tolstikov and I.

    Graph of the most important geographic views

    6. Visnovok

    happy geography development of the country has an important role in the development of the country. system geographic sciences I will secure control over the camp of nature, take part in the development of systems and entry into the fight against negative inheritances in the flow of people into nature, and predict the development and development of territorially viral complexes. It is unwise to make a forecast of the wake of nature without urahuvannya tribute about the state's power of people and in pouring into nature. It is impossible to make a policy for the development of a region without addressing the peculiarities of its nature and population. Virishennya tsikh zavdan vimagak vzaumopov'nogo vivchennya nature, population, government and vzaimozv'yazkiv among them, like and will be protected by the system of geographic sciences

    List of literature:

    1. Great Radianska encyclopedia (6 volume). Chief editor A.M. Prokhorov. Moscow. view " Radianska encyclopedia"1971. Third vision
    2. Vidannya for children. Geography (volume 3) Chief editor S. Ismailova. Volume editor: I. Kudryavtseva, D. Lyurі. Moscow "Avanta +" 1994r.
    3. Natural science V.I.Kuznetsov, G.M. Idlis, V.N. Gutina. Moscow 1996r.
    4. Subject and interconnection of natural sciences. Kedriv B.M .. Moscow. Science 1967r.
    5. Tsikava geography for children and grown-ups. G. Scarlato. Kiev "Alterpress" 1996r.
    6. Subject and interconnection of natural sciences. Moscow. Science 1967r.
    7. Seeing the Earth. History of the Great Highways. Jules Verne. Moscow "Terra" 1993r.
    8. radyanskiy encyclopedic vocabulary... Moscow 1985r.