Geography of science and education. The current stage of the development of school geography in Russia. Ecology as an independent subject

In the process of its turn, geography is manifested in the middle geographic education, in school geography, and with a special person the teacher, who, being, on one side, a geographer-professional, from the other - the teacher in the capacity of a guide (preacher) of the mass geographic culture in youth center... In such a rank, from the performance geography in schools in high step to lay down the geographic culture of the suspension and in the whole of the geography of the geographic and cultural functions.

Otsіnyuyuchi role geografії yak The Teaching subject in suchasnіy rosіyskіy i bіloruskіy shkolі, fahіvtsі vvazhayut scho in danii hour Won zabezpechuє formuvannya neobhіdnoї geografіchnoї culture uchnіv yak skladovoї Chastain zagalnoї culture scho Especially vazhlivo of urahuvannyam kulturologіchnoї i gumanіstichnoї spryamovanostі vsogo reformuvannya rosіyskoї school.

It is worth noting that all five courses in geography of the main educational establishments Russian Federation: Pochatkovy course of geography (6th grade), continents, oceans, peoples and lands (7th grade), geography of Russia: nature (8th grade), geography of Russia: population and government (9th grade) and economical social geography svitu (10 classes) and all the course of the geography of Bilorusi: the cob course of geography (6-7 grades), the geography of the continent and the land (8-9 grades), the geography of Bilorus (10 grades), the geography of the world (11 grades) - I give about the geographic picture of the world, shape the geographic mission, know the basic methods of geography and my life, and also take an active part in the formulated political, economical, ecological culture of scientists, in the path of young people living in society

At the same hour it will mean that in modern Russia and Bilorus, school geography is not considered to be the number of priority subjects, and try to “infringe” on trying to finish it often.

Among the topical problems of modern school geography, see the offensive:

Polishing the subject in a short manner to show the most basic directions of geographic science, її scientific methods and advancing, as well as enhancing the role of complex regional education in middle and foreign geography in high school;

The work of the school handler of geography, which is shown to the advancement of the vimogs, is presented before the handler of the new generation, so that the model, structure, wickedness and form of the wiklade should be accepted;

The advancement of methodical education in school geography is an intensification of the whole process of developing geography, transferring an orientation to the mastery of the fundamental foundations of the subject and methods of adding new knowledge, computerization of the primary.

The system of new geography is guilty but motivated on the basis of three basic principles: 1) methodology; 2) traditions; 3) advice. With a whole series of changes in the multidimensionality of geography, tied to the transition to the physics of natural and sustainable sciences, to the complexity and territoriality of one hour. It should be considered both to the theory and to the method and the result of geography.

The first plan is multidimensional - to go out of the classic object of geography - the unity of nature, the statehood and the population. Another plan - the complexity - allowances a single view of the folding structure of objects, їх multicomponent and bagatogaluse character in physical and social economic geography... The third plan is the territoriality - one of the most important geography axioms - the development of territorial (spacious) systems on the global, regional and local level.

From the point of view of the theory of knowledge, all three plan to have a choice of wedding and victories: 1) descriptions; 2) empirical communication; 3) theoretical publicity; 4) constructive.

The bagatoplanovism of scientific geography is a starting point and part of the school geography. So, the mechanism of the selection of scientific material, based on the methodology of geography, the transfer of knowledge of scientists from the development of earthly surface, With practical formalized theories and models (I would like to use standard motives of the standard theories) and, solving the problem-solving tasks and making the most approximate to real performance.

The structure of school geography is to blame for the beginning of the process of learning by didactic vimogs, as in the stisle viglyad the viclast can be an offensive rank:

Cycle of science, transforming into life the manifestation of the spiralepodibni cognitive process within the framework of the laws of dialectics;

Repetition in the course of the historical development of knowledge, which evolves into the category of unity of the historical and logical. In general, the system of geographic disciplines is guilty of bringing the development of knowledge from everyday knowledge through systematic non-segmented and analytical to system-synthetic knowledge;

Go of knowledge from close to distant and turning to the cob in the process of becoming aware of the view. Geographic coverage is the ideal way to go from vivchennya to your own land through the whole world - from now to the other end, that is, "Close and far" is here, on the mind of all naval disciplines, literally meaning.

We appreciate the knowledge of the school geography and methodology of the primary subject in the meaning of the principles.

Geography (all courses middle school) I am guilty of looking at the center of geographic science in accordance with the methodological idea: the basic territory of its material reminders - the place; the skin has its own components and features, which store the potential of the territory; the manifestation of the growth potential to produce large numbers. Povna information about the place є description; characteristics of the peculiarities and the image of the mission; all the open spaces to avoid the irony of specialties, in the same time, there is the collapse of speech, energy, values:

The system of school geography, established with the help of three points of view - methodology, tradition and awareness, poklikan "reconcile", I wish for this stage, the theory of regionalization, the geography of the culture, the concept of group interests of the transition period in the development of the country.

4. Prospects for the development of geography

At the end of the animal's life to the youngest prospects, predicting the development of geographic science in the first ten years of the XXI century.

As much as a quarter of a century, seeing the perspectives of geography, in terms of geography, geographers wrote about the development of a constructive, re-creative role of science:

“... the new role of geography is now taking shape not in the common sense of the world that feels good for us, but in the sense that it has been reimagined in the interests of all people. Having established its role and role in the development of a grandiose enterprise, having made the most correct way to the development, our old science is to preserve our "friend's youth";

“Prospects of geography in the meaning of the world lie in what geographers can boldly and theoretically understand globally and theoretically show the link between natural and social and economic processes. It is not only the whole arsenal of facts and empirical regularities that emerge that appear without any reason and that are different. geographic sciences, Ale and help the process of "geography" of all sciences, having brought the number of facts into line with the theory? How can you manage the stench of today's intelligence and the development of your science, in order to manage your activities? How can you quickly develop integrative impulses in geography? ".

The yak is seen, chimalo has been set folding food To become more relevant in our hour. The need for further development of integration processes in geography is absolutely obvious. Predictably, I would like to see the development of our science in the out-of-the-way rice, a step towards development, and in the future “capital of synthesis” in scientific knowledge, in general, synthesis in geography is absolutely necessary. Therefore, the first prognosis is that we will be able to keep quiet geography, quietly strained, as we will be in the greatest world for the last time of natural and socially-economical phenomena, so that we will be able to live in real life.

Chi іsnuvatime through a little bit of ten years in the invisibility happy system geographic sciences? At any time, you should be able to draw in your own ninish "zhorstkosti", categorical solicitations. The system of geographic sciences will become much more nasty, around the її part there will be “overlapping”, z'udnuvatisya, there will be absolutely new “fields of integration”, regions of the same and sometimes also nonsense) sciences.

At the tsikavi statti, assignment of the geography of the Maybutny, A.D. Armand put on food about the potential for development of geography in the era of informatization. On the other hand, tendencies, we decided to allow predicting a radical transformation of geographic knowledge into the near future. Food fasting: how do you see geography in an overpopulated information environment? Professional geography is becoming more professional, and the axis is protected as a school of education discipline, which can be transferred. In a close maybutny, it is possible to transfer the transformation of deyaky distributions of land exploration into shirvzhitok. The possibilities of a quick mass collection of self-development information are responsible for the generation of a series of electronic atlases, so that in real time I can see not only traffic jams (but still practice), but even such indicators of water, tensions, exchange rates, market prices, virulence and renewal of leaves, drug and alcohol production and information. The old geography of current natural, man-made, human, cosmic trekking, adventures for people, Silskoy government, Transport, penny investment. Geography is an old geography of schwidkoplinnyh processes and, by ourselves, one of the important in the processes of management and self-organization, social evolution.

It is possible for our sites to become the witnesses of the information geography, to take care of the description of the availability of the population of the new information, the geographic subdivision of the process in the development of the mass and professional information, principal mortgages that in.

The geography of the Maybut is more and more fascinated by not the style of the real space, but the small virtual space. When a whole lot of cartographers come to see me geographic map Transforming the most important rank, area, view, kuti, color and mind-set on the map was shown not geographically, but as a kind of mental reality.

Contrary to ochikuvannya our science, re-enriching numerical information, did not become more accurate, not earlier. The automatic retrieval of information from space and terrestrial means not only did not allow to know the formulas of the far-flung regularities, but rather quickly, showing the versatility of thin, innocuously small deposits, such as nature.

The commander's stock with forecasts, wait a minute. The emergence of tedious computer systems, which overwhelmed the majestic array of digital tributes, did not succeed in the revolution in the accuracy of predictions. The validity of short-term forecasts died at the end of 80-85% and did not progress. During the transition to pre-construction climatic forecasts, it is not only the magnitude of changes, but the tendency itself, the sign of the future ruin to serve as a subject of discussion.

In the development of the system of geographical sciences, in the future, to integrate the following processes:

1) "biology" of all geography;

2) "humanization", including strong "economy";

3) "mathematization", yak, zokrem, if it enters geography through the strength and form of cartometric robots;

4) "chemistry" of geography, that is, E. Gliboke penetration into the day-to-day of the processes of migration chemical elements v in the midst of the midst, In the chemistry of communication, in the advancement of the technology of the future, in order to change the circulation of words in nature;

5) automation of the collection of geographic information and processing, especially information about our planet, how to approach from orbital companions and space ships;

6) transition from scientific analysis to the resolution of the problem and management territorial systems, Scho vivchayutsya geographic sciences;

7) a great deal of introduction of cartometric methods into science and practice, wider testing, especially for the її territorial organization, for managing folding processes.

To grow quickly, this “biologized” the “fields of integration”, as, for example, it was already there (alas, it’s a pity, it didn’t take away from us for its development) bioclimatology. It is possible to let it go, geogenetics, the first ideas in the area of ​​such a boulevard of N.I. Vavilov. Rіznomanіtnі can be a link of geographic sciences. On the verge of ecology and economic geography, for example, the American doctrine of U. Isard opened the mathematical and economic regional models.

Humanization of geography is not a gateway. There is one of the regular and progressive processes. It is important to rehash the possible "fields of integration", such as economical climatology, economical geology, economical economics and so on. You can manage any of the other operational needs.

Young fakhivtsyam to have in their life healthy and integrated processes, about how to go about promising. I in tandem with cim at once from Yu.G. Saushkin wants to give him some important things for the geographer:

1. The great scientific philosophical culture. A geographer cannot get lost in the field of empirics, he cannot be “dilyagoyu”. The humanization of geography as a whole presents an especially great vimogi in all of the world.

2. Obtaining an interest to their specialty with an interest to the geographic and theoretical achievements, to the theoretical geography.

3. Knowledge in the field of vіtchiznya science, as the demand for vivchati is especially great, knowledge in the field of svitovy science. Dobre volodinnya hocha b one z earthmovs Vinyatkovo is important for a geographer.

4. Smilivosti in the production and broadcast of scientific and practical nutrition, you can say more strongly - in the whole new, smart thought. It's a pity that it’s a big deal because of that in the solution of the most important problems.

5. Bezperervnogo pratsі in voskonalennі that, scho MM Baranskiy calling it "geographic missions" is the basis for historical analysis with spaciousness. The geographer opens a picture of a dynamic, how the picture unfolds. It is also very important to take pictures, but the professional geographer is guilty of the result of the post-robotic work of completing the difficult geographic mission.

6. Ovolodinnya with the most accurate methods of detection, including mathematical methods, modeling geographic manifestations and processes that are spiraling in the preliminaries on effective technologies, based on the development and implementation of various geoinformation systems, including those integrated, as well as to synthesize methods of transforming traditional systems of distance

7. Be good, disciplined, show a glance at a glimpse. New methods of admission, including distance, do not only fail to include Polish adolescents, but make them even more important.

8. The results of the Polish progress in the minds of the experimenter and, far, until the designer's wishes. A geographer is a constructor of a navkolishny middle ground, direct development. Win organizer of the territorial life of the suspension.

9. Continuous connection with practice, real life at all її folding. Є shaped hangs "to keep to the ground". For a geographer, it’s becoming literal, so as in appearances, how to be seen on the earth’s surface, to scoop up the necessary material, for the next future to be used, to rob visnovki.

"Geography is not necessarily a walking encyclopedia, ale is guilty of developing an encyclopedic addiction in its own," - in these words of a prominent French geographer, a first woman, she became a professor - an all-too-sensible person at home. An excellent professional geographic glance at navkolishn_y light... “Geography, - write God-Garn, - for me it means more, not just a profession: the sooner the ways of understanding the light. The geographer well appreciated his otochennya: for example, the great Girsky region awakened in a new natural value, not just cold, but also interested in establishing its structure and phases of the evolution. Miscellaneous not to ruin not deprived of spirituality and zhakh, but to rip open the historical and social roots of the noble minds of life. The geographer is not simply astonished and sposterig - it is automatically pragmatic to the eye of the mind. Bezpossredniy poloviy dosvid vivchennya lands and people - an unprecedented element of the profession of a geographer - allowing you to see the life of our people and to evaluate it more scrupulously no life... The sphere of interests of a geographer is a completely lively light, not just a little bit of information, but I dare to say that it’s okay ”.

5. International sports in the field of geography

The 70s rock XX century. SOUTH. Saushkin wrote that the isolation of national science schools in the world of science would bring a great school, overriding their development. It’s said that if the main tendency in the analysis of the theory and methodology of geography was sooner, it’s not an abandonment, but a contrast to the radio geography of bourgeois geography, that is, practically all of the geography of the modern science.

svitovy scientific progress to gradually bring up that they didn’t take knowledge, the progress could be deprived on the basis of solid interaction and cooperation of national science schools, active and effective sportsmanship in students rіznih lands... The need to reconsider the formulation of such a sport in the modern geography began to take shape in the last ten years of the 19th - the ear of the 20th century, which is linked to the growth of the suspicious prestige of geography.

In the middle of a series of changes, you see:

1) an increase in the number of professional geographers and the establishment of departments of geography in a number of universities (in Nimechchina, France, Russia and in.);

2) the formation of university geographic schools, which were most popular at that time: F. Ratzel's anthropogeo-graphic school (Leipzyskiy University, from 1866), A. Pynka geomorphological school (1866 geomorphological school), A. Pynka's geomorphological school (18th University of Geography) Vidala de la Blacha (Sorbonne, c 1897);

3) expanding the propaganda of geographic knowledge, increasing the number of geographic journals, etc.;

4) the establishment of international groups in the field of ongoing progress in quiet science problems.

The global significance of geography has given rise to the idea of ​​an international educational process “on a permanent basis”, as it was realized in the clicked international geographic congresses (MGK).

The First International Geographical Congress was held in Antwerp in 1871, and the whole length was 1871-2012. There are 32 such congresses, and the stinks took an exchange of admiration and ideas, the results of those who had received the news, the development of scientific and basic geography and social functions.

Dosvid MGK grafted, in its own circle, to the idea of ​​the establishment of the International Geographical Union (MGU), which was formed in 1922, the first members were France, Belgium, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and not forgetting Japan. In 1956, Russia joined the IGU, and in 1992 Russia became an offensive, as it played an active role in the IGU, in its core bodies, in the activities of the comic and work groups.

The International Geographical Union is made up of three components: the General Assembly of Delegates of the Countries-Members of the International Geographical Union, which is selected once on the basis of the rock and the solution which are fundamental for the Union's activity; The Viceroy Committee, which consists of the President, eight Vice-Presidents and the General Secretary; A comic and working group to coordinate and coordinate the work of geographers of the Russian regions for all the main strains of geography. IGU Robots Movies - English and French.

In a given hour, the IGU includes 87 territories. Cіlі MGS:

1. Adopt geographic problems;

2. Іnіtsіyuvati and coordinates of geographic advances, which can lead to international spіvrobіtnіtva, reception of a wide scientific discussion and publication of results;

3. Bezpechuvat the fate of geographers in the robots of international organizations;

4. Accept the reduced collection and extended geographic data and documentation of both all the countries-members of the MDR, as well as among them;

5. Meetings of the International Geographical Congresses, regional conferences and special symposiums, topics related to the goals of the Union;

6. Take part in any other forms of international sportsmanship with the help of geographic preliminaries and storing of their results in practice;

7. Adoption of international standardization and unification of methods, nomenclature and symbols, how to be victorious in geography

The main directions and problems of the development of scientific geography in this world were known in the programs of the Moscow City Conservatory, as from the first congresses they were continuously accelerated and expanded. At the other Moscow State Conservatory there were only sections of mathematical geography, hydrography, physical geography (which was interpreted even more widely - from geology to zoology), historical geography, economic geography and "didactic" (i.e., didactics). Through a number of rockets, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, VI, VII and VIII, the Moscow City Conservatory was already seen by the latest developments in the field of science, a part of theoretical advancements was introduced, and the development of specialized com- At the end of the period, she did her best to develop geographic coverage, to the methodology of geography.

In the other half of the XX century. for MGK became characteristic deyakі novі zagalny rice: The structure and subject matter of the congresses are more versatile, especially the suspicious geography and geoecology. Among the participants of the Moscow Conservatory, there are more and more practices, as they understand the role of geography and vicarious results and opportunities. geograficheskikh doslidzhen... Especially since the XXIII Moscow Conservatory (1976), since it was first introduced in the USSR, in Moscow. The whole congress was characterized by the breadth of its problems, a great number of delegates (over 3200 from 57 territories), a high theoretical level and organizational organization. Yogo program (at the top of the row in front of the MGK), in the larger step of the boolean happy holiday... Vona took a second of the university's specialized interests in the visions of integration lines and the leading constructive establishments of geographic educators.

Looking at the meaning of such light forums of geographers of the rural regions, we are making three reports at the change of robots and ideas of the two remaining international geographic congresses. XXVIII MGK passing 4-9 serpnya 1996 rock in Haazi. Great respect at the Haasian Congress was given to the great regional problems, and to the fact that regionalism took its Strizhnev role in the systems of geographical sciences.

Far from vipadkovo і those congress, which is going to the Netherlands, passing under the motto “Land, sea and humanity”. The significance of the coastal areas in the territorial structures of the light government and, in general, in the life of the people, the growing role of geographic science in the preservation and preservation of natural and natural state-of-the-art steel systems in the contact zone of land and

Haaz congress demonstrating the important role of geography in the negotiation and release global problems people. Win showing the active humanization of geography and the need for integration of natural, state and environmental problems.

Nastupny, XXIX MGK was sent in 2000 r in Seoul. Yogo deviz "Life in rozmaitty" transferring the establishment of harmony between different ethnic groups, cultural traditions, between and past and maybutnim, rozvinny and mensh sorry countries, Nareshty, between people and nature. The understanding of "business development" in the era of globalization can be the core of geography, the building of a single suspension in all light. The ingenuity of global homogenization changes with the declarations about the importance and development of the world of nature and peoples.

At Serpni 2004, in Glasgow, one of those who found places of the Acquired Kingdom, the 30th Congress of Chergovy, was organized by the International Geographical Union (MGU). Yogo deviz - "One Earth - a lot of light". At the meetings of geographers in the serpents of 2004 in Glasgow, over 2000 delegates were registered, not less than 100 countries. Vlasne, the delegates and additional advises to the congress were not represented by the country, but by the science centers, academies, universities, institutes and laboratories. Before the vistup of additional events, it was not the land that was brought in from what stench came, but before what kind of scientific alcoholism (not important, great or small), there was a stench. The sign of the internationalization of science.

From Russia and the country SND arrived close to 40 delegates: from the MDU IM. M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg University, Institute of Geography RAS, Siberian and Far East Institute of RAS, science education centers of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Virmenia, Georgia.

As per the post-issue committees and pre-slidnitsky groups 32 thematic sections were formed by the International Geographical Union. Among them: "Dynamics of economic space", "Climatic changes", "Coastal systems", "Geoinformatics", "Stihіynі dashing and riziki", "Geography of health and navkolishnє middle", "Degradation of the geography of fashion systems ”,“ System efficiency ”and іn.

Great respect has been given to the forum of geographers. geopolitical topics. In the past, the problems of the spiritual cordons between the powers, as well as the political and economic changes in the lands of the continents, were examined. Especially respect was taken up by the prospect of the development of the country, and the protection of versatility in the minds of globalization.

The Congress meant that we will stop for an hour and remember the process of humanization of geography. They have a new focus on what they saw in the pre-conferences: geography to tourism, education, culture, mystery ... Ethical geography has become the theme of the plenary additional discussion of Liz Benolier from the Institute of Geography, which is the only one to be known. Pre-development of business relationships in the world ethical norms among all people, people with nature are mainly concerned with the new directly in geography.

Great interest in manifestations to those connected with the laws of the global climate, the development of regional climates, the contrasts of the weather, the warmer weather on the Earth in the last ten years, the forecast of the future climate.

At the Congress, it is especially seated, which is practically everywhere on the Earth to promote the degradation of lands, which are attached to the state's activity: the processes of establishing karst, ruining ground cover and deserted.

At the end of the day, for 2005-2014 rr. The UN intended to hold "ten years of education in the interests of steel development", at the Congress, special respect was given to the problems of school and cultural education of the population.

Robot Congress, unaffected by the shortcomings in the organization, appeared even more fruitful. Vona showed that, having entered the third thousand years, the world geography occupied every day in the middle of the sciences, until it was not only natural, but globally changed economically, politically, socially, and culturally. happy geography I am saving in the minds of the globalization of natural and cultural development on the Earth, as the basis of the development.

From 12 to 15 September 2008, the rock in the capital Tunisu - m Tunis - the XXXI International Geographical Congress. 1205 people from 75 territories took the fate of the congress. Yogo program was very big. Head topic The congress sounded like this: "I will stay at once on our territory." At my own house, she was divided into 8 main topics: Teritor_ya yak ob'єkt geography; Strategic approaches to the territory; Geography is applied science; Globalization and Territory; New technologies and territories; Territory and navkolishnє middle ground, territory planuvannya and steel development; Territory: zone and contact about breaking; Reconstruction of the territory in geography.

The Russian delegation to Tunisia was close to 20 people from the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), the Moscow and St.

Within the framework of the numerical sessions, sessions, sections, more than 800 additional ideas have been developed on various topics - from paleogeography and global climate change to territorial steel development, tourism and development in the field of geography. Naturally, it’s hard to hear everything, the participants of the forum were talking about it all the way to their likeness. Suggestions of interest winked about additional reasons, presented at a special session, assignments international rock planet earth. Tse vistupi prof. Yukio Khimiyama (Japan) - for the assessment of global environmental problems and the contribution of geography to these solutions; prof. Hanil (Pivdenna Africa) - about the conflikti of nature and environmental conditions and in.

Tsikavimi boules are also additional proofs, appropriated to the evolution of geographic knowledge. So, prof. T. Vilzinsky (Poland) voiced on the need for further development of such a direct development of geography, as the history of geographic knowledge, while not only over the past century, but the occasional geographic sensibility in the great winter.

It is a pity for those who, in the background, attributed to the history of the development of geographic knowledge, may not be seen as the great achievements of the Russian SND and Russia. For example, in the background of English geographers about the development of regional reports, they did not know about the development of the SND and Russia in the TPK, the economic district, the geosystems.

Practically all of the Russian participants of the Congress made their own preconceptions, as in the whole they were developing with interest. Great respect was received in the performances of the history of geography in the region of regional development; model of dynamism of spacious systems; ecological and economic analysis; regional problems of steel development; cartography; landowners and landowners

The congress showed that there is enough space in geography for the activity of the people of Bagatyokh regions. International Geographical Union of Successfully Functions. The point of view about the definition of geography as a science ("everything has already been seen for a long time") can be done with great respect without any prior notice. The development of geographic structures and systems, the advancement of processes in the natural and anthropogenic dynamics - the most fundamental development of the scientific geography.

The 32nd International Geographic Congress was held in Cologne, Nimechchina, from 26 to 30 September 2012. 2400 geographers from 80 countries took part in this robot. The visibility of the Congress in the context of the innovative program gave a wonderful opportunity for education and exchange of thoughts and ideas.

The delegation at the Congress of Bula and From Russia is unavoidably large - about 90 people. In the її Warehouse vchenі-geographers from Moskovsky sovereign university there are 30 people, including only young ones - up to 35 years - 11 individuals.

The Congress "Closer to the Earth" was truly extinguished, the Congress passed on the territory of the Cologne University, which is not only the oldest, but the most advanced scientific pledge of Nimechchini. In the process of robotics, the Congress was given free sections from the most popular geography. The most interesting were the sections, from the point of view of geographic knowledge, to the processes of globalization, development, rational nature conservation, social and economic problems, landscape science.

Especially since the youth section, on which young people, including students, could present their science of the future. At the previous conferences, at the second section, a delegation of Finland was seen, which would become the main student of the Finnish universities. Young lads have the opportunity to present the tsikavi of sciences of preconditions, alas, melodiously, naygolovnіshe, the stench got to the "great science", before the debate in the rіvnіy with venerable scholars. The first contacts of the Mali were not only in the auditoriums of the University, but the first hour of friendly cocktails and numerical science excursions in the Ukraine and the world.

It’s an hour to rob the Congress to see and organize food. Throughout the history of the IGU, Russian and Russian nationals haven’t gotten away with the posad of the president of the IGU. The first axis at the whole Congress was for the first time the head of the laboratory of geopolitical reports of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Volodymyr Oleksandrovich Kolosov, the President of the IGU.

International educational geographers develop in different forms, including in their participation in the implementation of international scientific and pre-old projects (programs), in the robots of the young com- munities and working groups of the MGS. So, shche in 1965-1974 rr. robots flared up as a result of the UNESCO International Hydrological Decree (with the active role of the IGU). Since the 70s, we have been conducting our own environmental protection program of UNESCO "Ludina and the Biosphere", before participating in such activities, geographers will participate. Since 1977, within the framework of the UN, a program "Struggle against emptying for additional integrated development" with the participation of geographers, including Russian ones. In 1986, the international geosphere-biosphere program "Global changes" was launched, and soon it was learned, this program, for its sutta є demoecological and logical middle stage of the reaction of the natural people.

Yak the butt of one of the new international projects in the sphere of geographers in particular, the great success of Russia, Nimechchin and the PAR project of the painting "The Camp of the Middle East in the World"

Spіvpratsya geographers of the provincial lands to work in the framework of regular and uncommon programs under the UNEP guide (UN programs from the new community), which were established by the UN, that they may be involved in the protection of nature, More important is the significance of the two-sided educational activities of geographers of our country and the first regions.

There are great changes in the system of educational education at the connection with the hundreds of transformations in the suspended life. Start children in the Danish hour to stay in different types of schools: education, schools and lyceums. Preserved to lay the cob and average professional education. There are important processes that are tied to the set of standards for education. Methodists and geographers of science develop new concepts of school geographic education, as well as approximate programs of basic geographic education and professional programs for professional education. Such a robot is actively carried out at the geographical faculties of the Bilorus State University, and in their organizations. :1 ... The problem of developing a structure and the development of school geographic coverage in connection with the need for standardization .2. Advising the role of geography in labor education and the formulation of the dialectical and materialistic view of scholars in schools .3 ... Development and implementation of new technologies in the field of geography. 4 ... The development of problems in the formulation of schoolchildren to the knowledge of creative activity and emotional and valuable presentation to the light .5 ... The problem of modernization of the classroom-class system and the forms of organizing science at the lessons of geography.

8Goals of geography education

A wide range of geographic and cultural studies. The stench starts in three straight lines:

illumination		vikhovni		developing
Formation of knowledge of the foundations of geographic sciences, rational nature conservation, Rozkrittya roles geographer. sciences at the top of national and state problems, Spriyannya ekonomich. and ecologic. vikhovannyu, ovolodinnya methods original robots, Self-awareness.	Priyyannya moral vikhovannyu scholars, vikhovannyu ecologic culture, respecting patriotism. per share native land, Land. Take the form of an active living position, an orientation at the vibor of the living way. Aesthetically vikhovannya.		Take the development of the missive, memory, uyav, move, sparing, ін. Іntelektualnykh Yakosti, development of the educational interest, vіnnya virіshuvati geogr. problems, viroblyaty complex pіdhіd to appearances and processes, vіnnya misliti spaciously.

The development of geography is guilty of being as close to reality as possible, aimed at comprehending the current situation, current trends, the current international situation. Learning, therefore, in practice, it is widely accepted to use the technology of differentiated navchaniya, the element of programmed, problematic, INDIVIDUAL PIDHID, Osobist_no-orієntovane navchannya.