Understand the geographic middle. Geography - the science of territorial systems

Geographic shell and geographic middle. About geography, on the thought of bagatokh vchenikh, є geographic shell of the Earth as a whole, as I am a folding in the interlocking fashion and intertwining of the most popular processes and manifestations of the living and inanimate nature, human suspension... At the link with the cim of the geography ob'ydriznyaetsya from the ob'ktiv of the sciences in its folding and complex.

In such a rank, geography vivchaє nature earthly surface And also the population, as there lives and the statehood, as the population is busy.

pid the nature of the earth's surface a natural-territorial complex is growing, or a natural geosystem, or a natural landscape like a dilyanka of earthly measles with its dominant relief, surface and underground waters, soil, spirits of organisms and the earthly sphere of the atmosphere.

population the appearance of the ear of a labor ear and figurine in the capacity of providing a suspension product and a representative of the new country to the process of suspension production.

domination - the price of all the halluses of the material virobnity and all the halluses of the non-viral sphere.

Ob'kt geographic doslіdzhennya- be it materially illumined or a manifestation on the earth's surface. Ob'єkt geographic caution- the object of geographic awareness, accessible to the most accurate description in all units of geographic preservation; in the absence of the left, there can be figuruvaties, come in - one of the places, areas, some of the things, a sign that allows you to break things out in the open and in the hour.

geographic center - the supremacy of objects and manifestations of nature (the earth's crust, the lower part of the atmosphere, water, ґprimary curvature, Roslinny i tvarinny svit), Acquaintances on this historical stage in the process of suspension production and warehousing necessary for the development and development of human suspension. The sphere of life and dіyalnostі of the human suspension (social sphere) is seen as one of the warehouse geographic middle ground.

geographic obolonka tse: 1) a natural geosystem, in the boundaries of which it stays, mutually penetrate one into one and interconnect the lower balls of the atmosphere, the near-upper comrades of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere; 2) foldable, bagatosharova shell, which can be stored in three main "spheres" - the lithosphere (earthly measles), hydrosphere (water shell), atmosphere (twisted shell). The biosphere is seen in a particular sphere. Itself in the whole space to develop a more intelligent life - a human being, a human suspension.

Such a rank, the geographic middle, or, in a wider sense, the geographic envelope as a whole (included in its social sphere), is the geographic object of all geographic sciences, and the subject of the vivification of the spacious and suspenseful hours of particularity. Otzhe, the geography of the whole geographic envelope of the Earth is so lucky.

branch geography. Proceedingly, geography was transformed into a system of sciences, as the knowledge about the earth's surface was developed in the world, to feel the natural spheres, the life and the spirit of the people.

At the development of the phenomenon about the same geography, there are three main stages, the development of the cutaneous offensive from which it is imposed on the anterior and the cutaneous which is the idea. At the first stage of the development of a spacious analysis of the territory on the basis of the descriptive method. From the middle of the XIX century. another stage of development of geography should be repaired, if the start of a time-based analysis of geosystems on the basis of historical method... Geography has become a reference for food: if, for what reason. I, nareshty, from the middle of the XX century, on the ear of the third stage, the main task was the analysis of the interaction of the suspension and nature in the old historical stages and the folding of the forecast of the development of the suspension in the future. Until all the food beforehand, the word "bude" was given: de bude, shho bude, etc.

Head and function of geography . Prospects for the development of geography will begin with the development of science as a whole. The era of the scientific and technological revolution has improved the power of living on our planet. Vona posed new problems to the geographic middle new technology and the advancement of science in the field.

It is of great importance for geography that such functions have been developed, such as the development and solution of environmental problems and protection. dovkilla, Participation in ecological examinations of state-owned projects, monitoring of people’s development. Shchob virishuvati especially gostro seogodnі postali ecological problems, Geography of development of ecological geographic technologies (for example, GIS).

More important is geography - the design of territorial systems. The pinnacle of such a project is the optimization of the territorial organization of the suspension for the urahuvannya of the same landscape, the population, the state. The constructive role of geography in the life of people is to turn into the development of applied geograficheskikh doslidzhen They are based on new technologies, expensive computers and remote-space geo-information technologies, in conjunction with the production of these technologies for the character of the new mass geographic product.

Extremely important sights, cultural and educational, cultural, educational and information functions of geography. This is the primary role in the formulated and permanent cultural decline of the people, the basics of knowledge about the world and the world of people in the whole world, the vison of the glorious functions. Riznomanitnі її cultural and educational functions. It is not possible to identify yourself as a cultural people, as you do not know the basics of geography. The history of geography - tse nevid'amna warehouse all-round history. Particularly the place of interest is the beginning of geography, which (in the broad sense of the word) includes such events and elements at the same hour, as I look for and average education, popularize and propagate the progress of science. Navchalna geography in the whole secures information field, ready for people to receive geographic information.

Introduction of geography in the beginning of the scientific picture of the svitu . Science, which has become a bezposerednoy productive force of the suspension, gives a rich new and practical important, economically effective in the country people "belongings", a polished life to the people. Vinikak nutrition: what is geography in the "skarbnichku"?

Otsinuyuchi has passed, today and in the future geography, it is possible to say that the head of vision is in the area of ​​vivchennya and the development of the surface of the earth, from the small ones to the whole planet.

The geographic picture is one of the best people to understand geographic science. Vona is free and rich, and is a complete manifestation of light (the first for everything and in the main - about the earth's surface).

In addition to the establishment of the geographic picture, modern geography takes an active part in the re-creation of the cultural middle age, passing from the important statement of facts and understanding of them to the engineering design of the geological and environmental systems.

Introduce the following processes into the development of the systems of geographical sciences:

♦ sociologization of all geography;

♦ humanization of geography, including strong economy;

♦ a lot of ecology.

In addition to the main ones, there are a number of trends in the development of geographic directions. Prior to them, the biology of geography is referred to, the transfer of the development of such sciences, such as, for example, also to the knowledge of bioclimatology. The mainstream of geographic genetics, the idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe boule of N.I. Vavilov. You can be distinguished by being the best geography science. For example, on the verge of ecology and economic geography, the American doctrine of U. Aizard expanded the mathematical and economic models of districts.

Geography- the science about the laws of development of spacious-clock systems (geosystems), which are formed on the earth's surface in the process of interaction between nature and suspension (on a scale that allows them to be represented on geographic and thematic maps), about methods of forecasting their control systems and their control. Meta geography - vivchennya pokazhennya, budovi, function, dynamism and development of spacious-hour natural-suspension geosystems. Vona є constructive science, poklikanoy organize the vastness of the life of the suspension. Vidminna of rice geographic advance to pre-juvenile manifestations - analysis of the return of fuel and of mutual understanding natural centerі of suspenseful life, іх development in space and time, understanding of the laws of spacious organization of nature and human suspension on the global, regional and local level.

Yak mi bacimo, the systemic approach allows you to work efficiently and more than the versatility of the connection in suspension and nature. With the cutaneous type of systems, the suspension will develop its own health, which can change historically. It is visible on the application of the fossil biogeocenosis, as the connection of the suspension changes with self-freezing systems. At the first stage of production, the suspension is scooped from the fossil biogeocenosis of the necessary food for food (game, berries, mushrooms, etc.), deyaky words (resin, whisk, etc.), a village for awakening. Suspension grows around elements of biogeocenosis. At the same time, it’s all more and more to follow the camp of the whole system, and at the same time to actively get involved in the struggle with schoolchildren (by the way of the development of the murashniki, through the worm of ailing trees, the distribution of the forest, etc.). It is necessary to become victorious for the aclimatization of cinnamon people, food and roslin, and the process of growth in the suspension and biogeocenosis, it is guilty to lead to the fact that people are introduced to the biogeocenosis, and the process of development of the process of life in addition to making the necessary people products.

Autonomous systems, like a goose bump, can be viciously supported by a suspension of self-sufficient importance in pouring onto self-developing systems. I will look at the fact that biogeocenosis is a component of the geographic landscape, it is possible to use an autonomous system, but an autonomous system can be used in the transmission of our injections not only on the self-destructive system, but on the core system. There was no yak bi there, but the link of suspension with autonomous systems є a special type of link, the expansion of knowledge about which is necessary for rational infusion into nature.

The link between the suspension with the core systems is aimed at a comprehensive approach to nature, it is here itself that an avalanche of second difficult inheritance inherits from the inflow of people into nature, about. yaku writing F. Engels. At the same time, two of the other types of stench systems we named make up the foldable binding of the sounds of children natural diseases Knowing about what is necessary for predicting changes in the nature of the earth's surface in front of the influx of human suspension.

At the established links of the suspension and nature, it is important for the place to follow the zest of the suspension system. Such basic components of the suspension as people, technology and economic-geographic center with the skin type of natural systems establish their own links and the kind of blue, which is necessary for the regulation of the function and development of the human suspension. These calls have led to the discovery of human races, to infuse the way of life of people into the shape of the way of life, inject into the specifics of the development of technology and economic-geographical middle ground.

From the point of view of the systemic approach, it is fashionable to concretize the connection between the other sides of the suspension and the systems of the external nature. The skin side of the suspicious system (promiscuity, silly statehood, the way of living, politics, etc.) is connected with a certain type of material systems, or with a complex. Do not allow the details of the flow of nature on community system, On the life of people. At the same time, it is necessary to detail and pour the suspension into nature, which is also necessary to control the process of supplying the suspension and nature.

Spіvvіdnoshennya to understand "geographic obolonka", "landscape sphere", "biosphere" and "geographic middle ground"

The systemic reason is easy to understand and in the analysis of the way of understanding, as an authorization for the meaning of either all, or part of this nature, as I will drain the human suspension. Talking about the systemic organization of light, objectival reality, mi vazhaєmo, which is the basic subordination of systems of a different type. The foundation of such a subordination of systems is dialectical self-developing systems, in which all the development of material objects is populated. Form the ruk of matter, which lies in the basis of such a skin system, є special "technological" processes, these types of interactions, the skin of the genus, the singing class of appearances. Tsi systems є the first, "mother" systems in the light. Above dialectical self-evolving systems, such as bi, "supervise" systems of all other types: autonomous, correlated, etc.

From the point of view of this approach, the "geographic shell" is an understanding for the uniqueness of geographic systems, which are composed of elements of the hydrosphere and troposphere. For example, ocean, sea, lake, ice, etc. i disastrous masi They are formed over them, - the whole system, the way of depicting the geographic form of the ruch of the matter. (In їkh zmіst enter і sculptural forms of the relєfu, stems on the basis of heat and moisture exchange between the hydrosphere and troposphere). These geographic systems were eliminated until the life of the human suspension, with some ties to the biological and social form of the matter of motherhood, apparently. Ale і with the emergence of a number of different forms of the ruch of the material of the geographic system, the nose geographic form to the ruin of motherhood, to continue developing and developing, seeing one strong inflow from the side of biological and social forms to the destruction of motherhood. However, the zm_st of geographic systems do not have to enter.

Let's take the rank of "biosphere", meaning the supremacy of biological systems-nosy in the biological form of matter - biogeocenoses. As a biogeocenosis is not included in the range of geographic systems, it is composed of the elements of the hydrosphere and the troposphere (in the geographical form of the material), in the same way, the biosphere is a system, but it folds in the same quality of elements, in the envelope of the system with their single-quality elements.

The geographic shell has a great vertical strain, below the biosphere; in niy develop so geographic events yak klimat, stik and the shape of the sculptural forms of the relєfu. The biosphere yak bi is placed in the geographic envelope, albeit, perhaps before the human suspension, not to enter the zmist її. The adjustment of these types of systems for the wickedness and on the basis of the day (the form of the movement of matter) to speak on the cinnamon of the whole thing.

The biological concept of the "biosphere" is sometimes incorrectly associated with the geochemical concepts of the "biosphere", as it was introduced into the science of V.I. Vernadsky. For the help of this understanding, it is not only the area of ​​extended life that is known, but all those near the cordon with its area, which are aware of their own, or see the flow of life processes from the side. So, for example, the atmosphere of the Earth, muslin, which is a product of living organisms, and elements of the lithosphere, folded by organic waste, or flowing in from the side of a living, etc. , if not everything, then take a lot of this component.

It is not often in the scientific literature to see the relation to understand the "geographic shell" and the "biosphere" in the "biological sense". To understand, bachimo, to create a creative picture of nature, with a mutual fashion, human suspicion. Let me see if only one of them is overpowered, we have a wide range of appearances in our pose, we can see what is happening, if it is necessary to know the knowledge of them themselves.

Bagato is good for the intelligence in the folding system of connections of natural phenomena, one with one and with the human suspension and the understanding of the "landscape sphere", which is formed from the geographic landscapes. The rest are stored from biogeocenoses and elements of the hydrosphere, troposphere and lithosphere. The linkage of the components of a similar core system, as they have already been bachelor, does not allow a "food" synthesis, similar to being seen in self-developing systems. Navpaki, the correlative systemic relations of the "weak" causal-inherited interactions in self-developing systems. That is, the landscape sphere, and the surroundings of the geographic landscapes, such as systems, such as bi-permeate these types of systems, integrating these elements into a special type of integrity, and depending on the type of self-evolving systems. We have already guessed about those who, in the geographic literature (M.I.Milkov), persistently disseminate the "geographic envelope" and the landscape sphere.

As the analyst, analyzed by us, means the essence of the natural systems, when one sees one and the other, and behind the wickedness, then the “geographic middle” є the understanding of the relationship with the human suspension. The middle of the suspension. It does not mean an objectively functional system, but the representation of the same components in different types of systems, which are necessary for the establishment of human support in the singing stage of their development. Moreover, we didn’t mean that it’s a good understanding. It means both physical and geographical nature, as well as the inner nature for the suspension, the stem of the people and is the middle of the world. Tse is an economical and geographic middle ground.

І. obolonka in his cordons may be in the biosphere.

Vzaimne penetrated one into one warehouse the geographic envelope of the Earth gas, water, live and shell and іkh vzamodiya viznacha the integrity of the geographic shell. They have an uninterrupted circuit and exchange of speech and energy. The skin sheath of the Earth, developing in accordance with the laws of power, seeks to infuse the sheaths of the earth and put her own infusion into her own heart.

The inflow of the biosphere into the atmosphere is linked to photosynthesis, as a result of which there is an intensive gas exchange between them and the regulation of gases in the atmosphere. Roslini glaze from the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and see in it the jelly, which is necessary for the energy of all living things. The atmosphere of the Earth's surface does not overheat during the day with sleepy interchanges, and not even more than at night, but if you open your eyes for living individuals. The biosphere is poured into the hydrosphere, so as organisms are poured into the hydrosphere. The stench is taken from the water and the necessary speech, especially calcium, to induce skeletons, shells, shells. Hydrosphere for baguette isstot is the middle of the day, and water is needed in the region for the bagatoo processes of living and growing. The infusion of organisms on a special place near the upper part. They have accumulated surpluses of bent roselin and food, and become organic. Organisms take on the fate not only in the established girskih breeds, but in the ruined ones - in: The smells see acids that pour on girski breed, Ruyuyut їkh roots, penetrating into the trinity. Solid, hard rocks are transformed into fluffy sediments (gravel, pebbles).

Get ready to wash for coverage. In the lithosphere, girski breeds appeared, as they became vikoristovuvatsya people. Knowledge of the law of integrity of the geographic envelope is great practical value... As the state's dignity of the people is not in vrahovuyu, then it is often produced to unreasonable inheritances.

The snake of one of the shells of the geographic shell is seen on all the others. With the application you can serve the era of the great icy in.

The increase in the surface of the land called for a more cold one, but it prompted for itself the approval of the snow and ice, so that it covered the majestic areas in the winter, and in its turn it called to the winter of the rose-tree wart of the tartar

The current geographic shell is the result of a tricky development, in the process of which it was continuously accelerated. Vcheni see 3 stages of development.

Stage I three billion rubles and calling themselves pre-genius. For one hour only the simplest organisms were used. The stinks took a weak part in the development and formulation. The atmosphere in the chain stage was low instead of vile sour and high - in carbon dioxide.

II stage triva close to 570 million rubles. Wine is characterized by a provocative roll of living things at the development and form of a geographic shell. The living things have repaired the magnificent infusion on all components. There is a growing accumulation of girsky types of organic walking, a change in the warehouse of water and atmosphere, de-moving in the place of sourness, as the photosynthesis of green roses has changed, in the place of carbon dioxide. In the beginning of the stage, a lyudin appeared.

III stage- lucky. Win pochavsya 40 yew. This is why it is characterized by the fact that people start actively pouring into the small parts of the geographic envelope. It is only for people to lie down, if they won’t get lost, as a human being on Earth cannot live and develop from it.

In addition to the intrinsic nature of the geographic envelope, there is a rhythm, so that the periodicity and repetition of some and quiet phenomena, і.

geographic zonality manifest itself in the singing change from the poles. The basis of zoning is to lie rather on the surface of the earth's surface of heat, light, and the stench is already visible on all the other components, and persh for all soils, and solid light.

The zonality of the buoy is vertical and latitudinal.

vertical zoning- it’s natural natural complexes yak in the height, and in the depth. For gir, the main reason for the zoning is heat and sleepy light. The concept of "vertical zonality" means shorter, lower "", as it is fair to deprive it of land. At latitudinal zonality, one sees the greatest growth of the geographic shell -. Wines are characterized by the spirit of temperature minds. The offensive gorge under the geographic envelope is the geographic zone. Vona see in the boundaries geographic zone It’s not only the spirit of temperature minds, but also the disturbances, but to bring up the spirit of the spirituality, soil and food-grade light. In the boundaries of geographic zones (abo natural areas) See the transition areas. The stench of being molded as a result of an action

Geographic middle

With the development of the human suspension, with the empowering steps flowing into nature and the wider inclusion of this into the state's activity, people are increasingly protruding from nature. However, it is the opposite of nature and people who can learn it only on the same level as the enemy. If there is a change in the minds and consolidation of the antiquity of nature and people in the logical paths of the mission, the debates of antique natural philosophy are not. The view of Aristotle is to be repaired by a single, undivided natural philosophy on the outskirts of science, in the middle of geography. In a logical logical form, as it gave the right to independence, it became a vision I'm going to leave Lyudin natural middle ground (dovkіlla) as a mіstsya yogo living, scho bulo is fixed in antiquity in zagalny uyavlennі " oecumene", Yake in the fake rose in the understand" geographic center".

The geographic middle-class becomes overwhelmed with a part of nature, ale and elements, being natural for its sutta, filling up the suspension functions and becoming elements of the social organism. To that, the geographic middle ground is not as simple as a stylist in terms of being raised to a suspension. The geographic middle is a part of nature, with a completely interdependent suspension. In the process of changing the elements of the geographic middle, being overwhelmed by the natural, I am growing suspicious functions and becoming social manifestations, and the material results of enormous activity, being overshadowed by the social means of the same time, as a result of the one-hour

In such a rosy geographic middle ground is not the same geographic obolontsi Oskilki, being a natural social phenomenon, is a subject of all geographic science. Understanding of the geographic middle є for the main understandings of geographic science in general, the same as the understanding of the geographic envelope - for the main understandings of the physical geography. The subject of all geography is the geographic center of all suspension.

Geography є science about the relationship between people and nature, it’s built on the basis of thinking about the problems of optimizing in the way of suspension and nature, which is not like science about the spaciousness of the territory of early complexes

Also, before the historical determinants of the geographic middle age, I rightly look at the way the evil nature of natural objects (manifestations, processes are too thin), as on this historical stage of the process of making people in the process of suspenseful nature Singing senses can see V.S. tied apparitions, Shho є suttєvo vіdminnimi natural powers and laws ("The World of Geography", 1984).

The physical and geographic middle ground in the beginning of the evolution of the elements to the suspension of the natural system, as in this historical stage, the meaning of the beginning. It’s about such natural factors, such as climate, landscapes, organic light, korisnі kopalini just that, in this world, they are included in the material virobnstvo, visually start the factories of the economical and geographical middle ground. It remains to be seen as the interior of the farm, re-created by human nature (dovkilla), a lot of homemade food and selection of roslin, cultivation of soil, water, plants, gardens, parks, water to that more.

At the visnovka there is a procytuєmo from the home of the Finnish vcheny І. Khustikha:

"Leave the word" geography "as a cordon for the whole of science and the sky. galuzyah, as always will be a physical and social and economic geography. "

4.2. ROSVITOK Vista PRO OBJECT I SUBJECT OF GEOGRAPHY

At the scientific stage of scientific advancement, the mind is independent of people and material objects, which are either of the category of active action, such as entering into the sphere of human performance and being learned subjectively. Geography E. B. Alaev concretizing the ob'єkt її until it is natural, because it’s natural or not established by the people’s system, and it’s apparently stable, as it is characterized by a singing station on the surface of the Earth, I’ll take part in the landscape and the development of cartography(M.D. Pistun, 1996).

For the folding of the object of vivchennya geography, hyba is done for philosophy. I met scientific knowledge it is possible to see on different levels - global (planetary), regional (territorial) and local (elementary) (M.D. Pistun, 1996).

The year in the methodological and theoretical hallucination of geographical science is actively comprehended by the Russian geographer A.O. Grigor'evim concept of geographic envelope... Vvazhaєtsya, the geographic shell includes the earth's crust (lithosphere), the lower balls of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the biosphere, which mutually penetrate one into one and mutually. All warehouses of the geographic envelope, which must be brought before it, and the processes of intensively interconnecting and mutually exchanging. In the end-bag, the geographic obolonka, as a form of a zagalny object, in front of physical geography (earthquake), is presented as an integral, even foldable planetary system, as to self-evolve, to be related to a new one.

The geographic shell has an average toughness of 55 km. The upper boundary forms the tropopause (8-17 km). The lower boundary geographic envelope is richly covered by the seismic surface of Mokhorovichich (between earth measles and mantle). Stink at the top, zokrema "Penetrate juvenile waters and change the speech of earth measles during the hour of mountain-building processes." On our thought, such a world of hybrids, to reach the far-off minds of the current geology of the earth's future and history. Closer to the truth, there is a submission of the form of the lower boundary of the geographic shell of the lower boundary zone and hypergenesis (glibini up to the first hundreds of meters). At the same time, it is necessary to more clearly operate the understandings of the "hypergenesis", like in the scientific book the vid geokhimik O. Є. Fersman. This should clarify the geological tlumachennya hypergenesis. The first for all the processes of the chemical and physical transformation of the minerals and the minds of the upper parts of the earth's measles and on the surface of the inflow of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the living speech at the middle, typical for the earth's surface and the middle In the zone of hypergenesis due to the development of variable factors in the fallowness of the species climatic minds bark of vivitryuvannya, soil (soil), medium oxidized ore genera, A warehouse of underground waters, waters of rychok, lakes, seas and oceans is being formed, chemogenic and biogenic sediment formation, early diagenesis of falloff is taking place. Daily characteristics of different-age zones of hypergenesis of earth measles, the regularity of their diminutiveness in the vastness of the day will open up in the first place for additional specific geological and geochemical methods.

Assessing the significance of the concept of a geographic envelope for modern geography, M.K. From the position of the concept of the skin to the natural phenomenon of the natural geographic character, one can see it as a warehouse element of a single integrity. To that, the preachers took an important methodological approach to understanding - bachiti in any natural geographic ob'єkti a unique manifestation of the day of a wide system, which is a geographic shell.

The current state of the Earth's geosystem is the result of the formation of a trivial hour, the first for everything in the context of the geological history. In the whole context, geographers sometimes talk about the spacious-hour stages of the development of the geographic envelope, repairing from the Precambrian hours. There is also a lot of glamor in what to get into the minds of the biosphere (panbisphere) as a phenomenon of geological nature (V.I. That is why the need for zupinitisya on the daily characteristics of the earthly biosphere is the result.

Persh is for everything meaningful, but the understanding of the "biosphere" is still far from unambiguous. V. I. Vernadsky having formulated yogo in the residual viglyadі. Ale vin repeatedly fiddled, scho " the biosphere is not only the so-called area of ​​life"Whenever we look at it, if it’s a region of life, then it’s only when I’m looking at it.” the same thing is done with a piece of work, a time-by-hour process of the great natural process is in order scientific robots" ... The visibility in the vernadsky residual value of the "biosphere", in the first place in the geological sense, can be explained by the very specificity of its methodological and central position:

"We cannot give now clear and accurate science and philosophical meaning in one hallucination of nature. All the basic understanding of natural science, like, for example, space, hour, speech, a chemical element, every time is thin, all the time іrraciality, do not give in to an exact and clear logical virase ".

Tim is an hour richly hto s vchenykh, invading the biosphere is the prerogative of biology (unmistakably, at the same time, you will do well on V.I. Vernadsky), tlumat її in context "Spheres of life or life on Earth". With such a formula, the essence of the biosphere is beyond the framework of a correct analysis, it is historically unreasonable to blame: the value and understanding of the "biosphere" is introduced into the scientific book by geology (J. Cuvee, O. Humboldt, E. Zyuss), glimpse of characteristics from the point of view of geological science itself.

On the right, in the fact that biologists do not care about the historical-geological aspect of the understanding of the biosphere. Here are the theoretical boxes of V.I. Vernadskiy that guru V.V. Dokuchaev, with great knowledge of history and daily life, the biosphere of the Earth is a wonderfully organized global natural-historical system of the planet, as it develops without a break-up and grows progressively and progresses to the future of 4 billion rubles, in an hour or even one hour the hidrosphere appears. Stretching out a great majestic hour, the development of life was gradually accumulated and correlated with changes to the warehouse and the structure of the earthly biosphere, more, as Vernadsky rightly signified, neither life itself, nor evolution of forms can not be independent from the biosphere, they cannot be opposed as self-contained natural days... Moreover, great insight, coming from biological motives, through the geological history, in the folding organization of the biosphere, was achieved only by regrouping chemical elements And not the root changes in the warehouse and the number of things. We should further understand and sense the "paradox of the genius" of Vernadsky, a sensible pole in the fact that there is a lot of living speech and the geochemical significance of the planetary geochemistry. At the same time, it is necessary to vrahuvati, but Vernadsky did not become a regular rite, as he thought the dekhto of the lucky authors, but in an hour the biosphere was victorious, the region of the wider and earthly biomas did not change. On yogo thought, in the skin period of the geological hour " the population of the planet was guilty of being as much as possible for all living speech, as it did. " monoaxially necessary for establishing the biosphere of geochemical functions... In addition, on the cob stage of the development of the earthly biosphere, the blame for the development of the earthly biosphere is the culprit of the association of living forms, as well as the development of the development of the geochemical and energy functions.

At his own best friend " Khimichna Budova the biosphere of the Earth and її ї ї ї V. I. "... there are a number of geological shells in the boundaries of the decilkokh of dozens of kilometers, such as the boules on the surface of the Earth with biospheres. The whole is the biosphere, stratosphere, metamorphic (upper and lower) envelope, granite envelope. - number of biospheres"(V. I. Vernadsky, 1987). Traces of the remnants of geologists see in the stratigraphic structure of the lithosphere, taking into account the characteristics of the lithological-facies mosaic of the ancient geological In the midst of the spine of the evolutionary stage of the biosphere, including the occasional one, it appears to be closely related to the middle in the material, energetic and informational information. The process of developing the biosphere, and not building it up to the pile of memorials of the past, as it should be done by biologists.

We completely listen to the stories of American prelates by J. Allen and M. Nelson (1991) about those who are called biosphere yak " a thin sphere of life on the surface of the Earth, in which world does not represent the globality and folding of processes, as it is seen on the back of the earth and serves to shape the earthly middle, not in the image of the greatness of the earthly change,

Achievement of geological science for the last ten years gives the opportunity to reasonably look at the earth's crust as I pursue its nature and the development of a natural-historical system. Tse to know without a foreground image in happy concept "great cycle"I am aware of the tectonic processes, magmatism, sediment formation and the evolution of life by the Lankans in the same process of development of earth measles and upper mantle. Moreover, I have sufficient information about the development of earthly measles. ringing bells In order to ensure that the system of sleepy and glybin energy changes without interruption, the development of the tectonosphere and the biosphere will change, it will take an hour to improve, accumulate

Thus, from the point of view of geological science, the subject area of ​​the present day about the biosphere is guilty of including all the large-scale sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of the stratosphere of the earth's measles, which were formed and formed as a result of the foldable historical and geological One of the most important factors in the process is the grandiose biogeochemical robot of living speech, which is the primary role in the active formulation of earthly measles along the entire geological history of the Earth. In other words, from the point of view of geology, the understanding of the biosphere (aka the paradigms of the biosphere) is not important, as the priority can include such characteristics. For all the entire biosphere, it is necessary to create a global natural-historical system of the planet, as it is autonomously regulated and programmed, developing in space-hours. It is characterized by continuously active and flexible possibilities and deterministic processes, accumulation and transformation of the great resources of energy, speech and information, sound specifics and regularity of development natural minds skin specific historical-geological stage in the life of the Earth. The essence of the biosphere as an active system material light It is established as a dialectical functional unity of the living and non-living, which powerfully without interruptions in internal cleaning, in the endless bag, by the very organization of the A. and the Evolution. On the thought of the Russian academy

Yu. O. Kosigina (1985 ), The biosphere should follow the planetary level of the organization of speech, naturally fit into the spherical symmetric structure of the Earth. Yak її specific shell of won'a is tied to the gravitational field of the planet. The biosphere developed on the Earth for a trivial hour, moreover, the triviality of the process evolved over the triviality of our planet.

Dumki V. І. Vernadskiy and yogh postdovniki in the history of the geological nature of the Earth's biosphere, one of the forerunners of the Ukrainian geography

P. A. Tutkovsky, like the pratsi "Zagalne zemleznavstvo" (1927) meaning:

"In the course of all the history of the earth, as it went on, it was not the same as it was in the past, but in the past the development of the biosphere; It’s not a good thing to go back to the cordon for the past epochs. ”

As a result of the development and interconnection of living speech with a specific territory, there are particular material systems - landscapes, landscape sphere of the Earth- the sphere of active interaction and deep interaction of the near-surface concentric spheres of our planet - inorganic spheres, soil and living speech (Yu.

G. Khozin). The landscape envelope of the Earth vertically hunts the entire biosphere and the surrounding components of the lito-, hydro- and troposphere, which is a complex type of system, in which interconnected modulation of mechanical, chemical, geological and biological components The landscape sphere is represented in physical geography, in part of the geographic envelope of the Earth. For F. Milkov, landscape sphere of the Earth - the center is surrounded vertically (from decils up to 200 m or more), the zone of direct connection and active interconnection of the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere, which is connected with the biological focus of geographic

(M.D. Pistun, 1996).

The upcoming stage in the history of the Earth was the development and development of the new sphere - anthroposphere... Before the anthroposphere, on the thought of M.D. Pistun, there is the whole suspilny life of people, the main ones here are the suspicious laws, before the biologic, physical-chemical and іnshі laws. At the warehouse of the anthroposphere, there are a number of additional components (spheres), which are responsible for the development of people: a) natural resources (natural resource Niy Potential), which is clearly bound up with the life of people; b ) social sphere- the supremacy of people with their lives are like demosphere(Processes for the creation of population and the formation of systems for development) i adminosphere, Yaka zdіysnyu function of power, management, permanently renewed state institute; v ) ecosphere as the supremacy of viral and productive forces, more precisely, the supremacy of technological processes of material and non-material virobnastics; in common with the social sphere, there is a wide range of social and economic formations; G ) Culturosphere, Yaka vіdtvoryu cіnnіsnі (material and spiritual), as well as characteristics of a suspicious life; d ) technosphere- itself folding part anthroposphere, which hunts for the interaction of technical resources with the natural resource potential of the territory on the basis of the scientific and technological revolution; e) polytosphere - the sphere of activity of people is tied with class, national and social networks, The basis of which is the problem of conquest, control and victorious power (M.D. Pistun, 1994).

Progressively evolving, anthroposphere transform into the noosphere - a new camp of the biosphere, which is shaped geographically and historically through the fashion of human spirits and nature, which is constantly changing. For M.F. Glazovsky, noospheric pidhid, on the whole, is united in the same goal of physical and economic geography, geographic analysis of the territory. In such a rank, the geographic connection between the main spheres of the Earth grows even more foldable before this part, as it is tied to the life of the people and the suspension as a whole. Still in 1905 p. S. L. Rudnitskiy has brought to the sphere of geography the "sheer kingdoms of nature" - the solid earth, fortune, water, rose and earthly light and people, as she set up a camp in the light for life. On a yogi thought, geography will become a "bridge" between natural and human sciences, if only because of its visibility (M.D. Pistun, 1996).

According to M.D.

І ... The geographic sphere of the Earth є to the common natural large-scale institutions, in which the interrelationship of the laws of "pure" nature and suspension. In the wide sense of lyudin є warehouse nature. At the same time, people, who are growing and organizing their activity, continue to grow up to the laws of suspicious development, do not cease being part of nature, such organisms, as they move, grow, grow, multiply and multiply. Therefore, it is logically supported by the development and formulation of systems and geographic laws, which will describe the geographic envelope of the Earth as a natural suspiciousness.

NS. Philosophical arguments of the principle of integrity represent the principle of monism (material unity of light) and determi- nism (zealous connection between the components of nature).

NS. The process of mastering the entire surface of the Earth, which is based on the cycle of exchange of words, energy and information.

IV. It is also the process of growing and protecting the Earth by means of space methods, which develop the development of new phenomena in dynamical systems and of growing scales, allowing the possibility of healthy development in the future.

This rank Methodological base of geography M.D. Pistun, 1996).

The landscape sphere of the Earth has become an old geographic center. The geographic middle is a part of the earthly space, where the human suspension is located in Narazi in a bezposredn_y relationship, to be tied closely to the process of life of people. The geographic middle is specific to the viewers of natural minds and resources.

Synthesizing happy look, M.D. Pistun formulating the elements geographic aspect interconnection of nature and suspension. With a lot of win nagaduє, even on the cob of a ninish story S.L. morphographic(The most recent description of events and processes), structural(Description of material warehouses), dynamically(Describe the development of events and processes per hour) genetically(Opening of causal links between phenomena and processes). With such elements, on the thought of M.D. Pistun, є:

І. Territorial organization (in order) of mutually modifying components of nature. Vona take a cob from the chorological concept of Hettner, developed and supplemented in the work of the ancient physicists and economic geographers. For Ye. B. Alaev, important signs of territoriality є polyformism (a great variety of forms and structures of speech on the surface of the Earth, which are not in the closest regions of space) and a zone (a change of energetic potential in relation to the poles).

II. Comprehensive development of interoperable components in the geosphere, which is based on systems of natural anthropogenic links and processes. An important familiarity of complexity є cycling (periodical changes in energy and geotechnological processes in the development of the Earth's surface).

III. The proportion of the intermodal components of the geosphere, which characterizes the quality and quality of the relationship.

IV. The need for management (regulation) of mutually modifying components. The right of geography to lead the middle of the sciences, which is vivchayut in the mode of nature and suspension, in the field: in the specificity and folding of the object of vivchennya, until it lies in the modular spheres - in nature and in the anthroposphere; on the basis of information about the mutual parties; a comprehensive approach to the process of further development and development of methods for determining the territorial differentiation of the earth's surface - area, forecasting and design. Everything is necessary to ensure that geography can preserve a sufficient synthesis of knowledge about the global process.

On the regional and local levels of the surface of the Earth geographic complexes- the result of differentiation and integration of material speech components of the dovkill, real territorial components of all spheres of the Earth. At your own house, geographic complexes are available for natural-geographic and suspense-geographic.

As vidomo, under the subject of vivchennya of science reason power, relationship, parties to the object, as to enter into practical extraordinary competence people. At the same time, two levels of knowledge of the subject of science are developed: a) if there is a difference in power and communication; b) if the essence of the objects is perceived, the laws and development will emerge.

Recovering from the 17th century, the preachers began the subject area of ​​geography as a way of seeing and describing the versatility of that material light, which is related to the life of people. With a good taste of the term " land description"(V. M. Tatishchev). M. V. Lomonosov formulated the essence of geography as follows : Geography є an independent science, yaka vivchaє nature and ecological competence of people... TO. Ritter by the subject of geography, having enthralled the vastness of the earth's surface, P.P.Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy also vvazhav geography is a science, which is important to the surface of the earth. For A.B.Bushen geography is the science about the mutual connection of manifestations on the earth's surface and the laws of the world manifestation. A. Gettner, geography is a chorological science about the earth's surface, how to vivchay earthly space according to their ideas and spacious relationships. Zmenity S. L. Rudnitsky (1905) writing, scho geography є the science of the surface of the Earth, as it is necessary to study mathematical, physical, biological and anthro-geographic positions(M.D. Pistun, 1996).

One of the founders of Ukrainian geography P.A.

"Geography yes, in spіvpratsі with the other disciplines of natural science, more precisely, outside and all-connected imaging bitchy turn face of the Earth. True, from the evolutive point of view, the epoch is rather short; in the scale of life of the earth, there is only one mitty in the rich history of the development of our planet - one transitional moment is deprived of one transitional moment on the way from the endless past to the endless maybut; ale on the scale of the life of people and all that makes us feel good - happy to do (from the morphology of the lithosphere, hydrology, climatology, flora, fauna and human spirits) - a great geographic folding ...

Trochi piznish, at the pratsi "Zagalne zemleznavstvo" (1927) Tutkovsky meaning:

"People who can’t pour into the face of the Earth can’t be affected by geography; but it was introduced in the context of anthropogeography. "

On M. M. Baransky's thought, geographic missions are tied to the territory, "put" their judgment on the map, tied, complex. M.M. Kolosovsky reads: "Geographic science of vivchai, from one side, natural middle ground (physical geography), and from the bottom - the productive forces of human suspension ( Economic geography) In їх interconnections, territorial - on earthly cool in general, beyond the countries and regions". Tsikavu dumka visloviv

Yu. G. Saushkin about those geography of vivchak territorial systems, and skin from geographic sciences.

Now it’s great respect for all fakhivtsy trying to A.O. Grigor'ev (1937), to V.S.Lyaminim, B.M. materia. At the same time, the central geographic object of supplying at the sight of small and bright sounds, so that it can be seen through the lithosphere, atmosphere and hygrosphere, and the processes of heat and moisture exchange and energy sleepiness (telurgical) In such a context, physical geography is the core, the greatest layer of geographic knowledge, which is a representation of the range of geographic disciplines. According to the essence, the aim of viokremiti is an object of geography in a pure viglyad, it connects with the organic structures and the viral activity of the people.

Timing by the hour of the concept of A.O. Grigor'ev at the specificity of geographic knowledge is not complete. Also, the announcement about the geographic form of the ruch (or the level of organization) from the methodological point of view, directed towards the mainstream of the systemic illusions, set the singing world of the possible object for the development of geomorphological, all processological, But this kind of abstraction is not in the snake of the cold world to represent the specifics of biogeography, landscape knowledge, economics and social geography... In a word, the concept of geographic form does not specialize in geography, but in identifying geographic models. Zrozumila ric, from the firm, about the same naturalness, how to evolve into a physical geography and as an advanced biological and socially-economical regularity, but the same rank is not of the highest priority in foreign Try to know the specific "evolutive layer" of geography, identifying it with a specific physical substratum, in a kintsev bag, building up to the information about the imminent distribution of geographic knowledge, unimportant information. Even with the whole discipline of "non-geographic-geographic type", I consume my geographic sense itself, and the primordial awareness, the weather, the intercourse of nature and the suspicion of guilt, go into the mainstream of natural-social impulses. Timing an hour Norwegian geographer O. Brun-Chudi not without reason respects that he was the head of the empire of the idea of ​​one geography in that sense, but by the way she is guilty of taking care of the natural and suspicious earthly problems of our life.

Otzhe, the concept of geographic formation of the ruku, how to gain a fundamental status and the specificity of geographic knowledge, see the day-to-day ontological, natural speech intelligence about geography, in the day cognitive strains and tendencies, the reinvention of geography, zokrem, in constructive theoretical and practical knowledge. In the mainstream of the main basis for the interdisciplinary organization and publicity of the results of various geographic predictions, it is the responsibility of the person to be guilty for all the purposes of the forecast, design and construction of the middle of the population.

It is necessary to make more important decisions about the actual axiological (pragmatic) management of the development of constructive geography for the minds of the inevitable growth, growth, ecological problems of the current globalization. But at the end of the day of the beginning of "One Geography", one cannot take into account its first-rate hum of mechanisms in the regular development of factorial and material-energetic developmental and historical-natural structures and processes (envelope) of geographic systems. Yak stands for the Swedish geographer Torsten Hegerstrand, ludska svidomist to live with tim, which has already become, ale pratsyuє over tim, so it is becoming. If there is a manifestation, as it develops in an hour, in a clear space, it is so little that we can hear about the light, how I will start screeching, like a solo in front of empty styles to the orchestra, judge about the music... Ratsіyu french impartiality Jacqueline Bozho-Garn, it seems, scho mіzh classic and modern geography, as a matter of fact, it’s not one without one, є only comfortable, like a trivial one.

M.D. Pistun, analyzing a quick glance at the subject of geography, coming to visnovka, where geography is a natural suspicious science, as a vivocational and complex proportional organization of the exchange of speech in the middle of the school, energy and

Author of the book "From Strabo to Our Days" (1985) M.K. the rose of the geographic center is not the same geographic center, Oskilki, being a natural-social phenomenon, is the subject of all systems of geography. The understanding of the geographic middle is basically the understanding of geography as a whole, and the understanding of the geographic envelope is basically the understanding of the deprivation of the natural geography.

The geographic middle ground is formed as a result of the infusion of suspension on the earthly nature by the extension of a concrete historical stage. At the same time, the basis of the geographic center is to be found natural, but on it there is a great number of factors in the suspicious character, which, in the endless bag, leads to the sutta wines. The whole process is historically swelling on an ever-larger scale, it is innocuous to stubble the superheats of both natural and suspenseful. Tom, to rob the visnovok of Mukitanov, the subject of the theory of the geographic center needs to be based on the geographic center of the human suspension itself, and geography is the science of the interaction of the suspension and the geographic center in the process of substantive practical activity.

In the context of understanding the message and the role of geography in the system modern science, Between the subject area of ​​geography, the specifics and significance of the subject and the message, according to the firmness of the American scientist A. Buttimer (1990):

"Geography has its own field of excellence, altogether inevitably tied to the other sciences. I can do it with space and people in an hour, mindful, so that a great part of the population can be transferred to people. Geography is less than capable of science. Wonderful changes in the face of the Earth and that passed the changes that bring natural mechanisms and people Possibility as the minimum of the shortening of the mind, then the little ones become more, not just the mriya chi ghost. "

Visnovku is grateful, but the knowledge of the subject and the department of geographic science is still quite clear in what it is worth explaining to the knowledge of the development of the scientific and socio-humanistic methodological forms of science. It has already long been grasped by theoretical evidence, without predictions about the industrial position of geography in the systems of social sciences and natural sciences. Before the speech, such an ideologema took root in the middle of the XIX century. the staff of the patrons of the households of the natives of the city of O. Humboldt and K. Ritter. The first among them is the need for a further geographic connection of natural phenomena and processes, to see the evolution of a physical and geographic nature. At the same hour, Ritter called out to geographers to look at nature, from history to history in conjunction with the history of people, to manifest a unique substance, as a common light of physical and moral light. Tsiu dumku kіlka transforms the current Austrian geographer G. Bobek: pragmatic and intuitive control and explaining the phenomenon of manifestation in relation to the creative sphere and mystery, from one side, and the laws of the new , on the other hand, there is a lot of root in the nature of people and that is equal. The wisdom of the day could have given an ideal way of breaking down the wrinkles. In a kintsevo bag, it is necessary to respect the words of the original Georgian philosopher M.K.

The merit in respect of the Russian natural knowledge about the foldable natural formations, de connections between these components was represented in the minds of an organism, which volodya with its powerful integrative intelligence in the mainstream of development new situation... It turned out that in the industrial activity it is not just those components of the geographic envelope, but the whole landscape, biogeocenoses that will be able to regulate the flow of speech and energy of steel. Tse called for the formation of a new theoretical system to see in the pre-existing natural correlations, integral systems and structures with the influence of the technogenic factor in the mainstream of these changes. In the context of the context, the French geographer Lui Papi will respect you, The geography of the world itself is especially true now, since the expansion of technology, as it rapidly develops, will grow up to the ignorance of people and nature, giving rise to a majestic school.

Chapter 4.

NATURAL MEDIUM І NATURAL RESOURCE

POTENTIAL TERITORI

Navkolishn center of people and geographic obolonka

An important part of the complex regional cultural characteristics and the image of the country or the region is a statement about the special features natural abo geographic center (HS) і natural resource potential(PRP) territory. Good value for money, geographic center - the whole part of the earthly natural otochenie of human suspension, with which suspension at the moment is tied in its life and versatility... In other words, geographic center - tse the middle of the people living... As a result of the detailed technologies of human activity, the GS is gradually expanding: people penetrate into the depths of the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, go to the high spheres of the atmosphere, go into the near space, expand their enveloped geography to the scale of Ale in the Danish hour, so and in an easy-to-see maybutny, the people will still be tightly tied to the surface of the Earth, on the surface of the Earth, on the basis of what is known as the living territory.

geographic obolonka(GO), for the view of the geographic middle, є for the wider understanding - the whole shell of the Earth, in which it flows, mutually and mutually penetrate one into one - the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere... Vona has a slightly larger scale of expansion, lower geographic middle. Vona includes the entire product of the hydrosphere, the entire biosphere, in the atmosphere, it reaches a ball of ozone, and in earthly crust I am hunting the region of hypergenesis. By the way, GO is the zone of the widening of the Earth's biosphere, which also begins behind the depth of penetration of the biosphere in the inner sphere of the planet.

On the Earth, only in geographic regions, organisms, soil, sedimentary rocks, growing forms of relfu, concentrate sleepy warmth, the process of photosynthesis and the process of photosynthesis іnnuyutsya grows, creatures and people. Lyudin, in the process of evolutia, has become attached to life in the change of the natural environment, in the process of life, in the process of life, in the process of life, in the process of life, in the process of life, in the process of evolu- Vernadsky, became a new geological force, which is a natural middle ground.

By extending the history of the development of the human suspension, the territory of living for the species of homo sapiens and the development of natural resources by him is gradually expanding. The struggle for territory and natural resources was carried out in different ways by groups of people, armies, and empires. At the singing stage of the history of the people, the territory of the Earth was divided by different peoples, as the powers were approved and the sovereign cordoni their territories.

For viznachennyam, like in the British Encyclopedia, " territory - a part of space, occupied by a singing special, a group of special powers».

In complex regional scholars, natural ( abo geographic) of the territory of the land, inhabited by the people, is guilty of becoming first element vivchennya So, it’s the first and foremost and in terms of being born to the people, who live on them and until the results of their life. Seredovishche, in which a ludin lives, nadaє bolsh-mensh be friendly and understand, be safe with that water. Climatic, water, roslinny, food resources (that is, stocks, necessary for securing life) for this kind of territory, with all the people from them you can hang out. To this, Lyudin was mesmerized by the bullet, mіgruvati s mіstsya on the place wіll thе way іn thе knowledge, mastering аnd living up аll new natural resources, wіll preserve thе livelihood аnd multiplication.

Lyudin, in the course of the historical development of the suspension and the increase in the number of people, step by step taking the stake of their lives before they are safe, will need all the new territories and warehouses of natural structures and elements. People settled in navkolishnyh territories and in the process of collective practice conquered the water, forest and steppe expanses, sprinkled or wetted the forest, drained swamps, doubled the territory of the sea, lived life, etc. HS, Being a sphere of interaction between nature and suspension, in a rising stage replaced by people in the process of nature conservation. Otzhe, the population of rural territories, lands and parts of the world - tse other element complex regional vivchennya.

Nareshty, material results and human performance in the natural environment, like winners in the course of nature on the singing territory, stand at the sight of the organized government (economy) and elements of culture. Economics - tse third element complex regional education of territories and regions. From nature to the population and to the statehood - such is the logical end of the complex development of the territory, the appearance of the characteristics and a step of friendliness for life and the state's dignity of the population.

I will absolutely respect those who have elements HS, to change people in the process of the state's activity, if they are forced by themselves, to save the building until self-development behind the laws of nature. For example, the forest is not unmistakably turning on the spot of the viruba, or the developed meadow, as the people will not be cleared or stopped mowing the grass and harvesting the grain. A drained swamp can appear, as long as you do not need a meliorative edge, piece drainage, etc. At the same hour, abandoned by the people and the place, the airdromes are gone, step by step, stop playing the funnels, and look at the paths. In this, the fundamental vitality of natural elements and systems is manifested, and the power of natural life is manifested by the power of the individual technogenic middle ground, Created from the natural speech of pracea and by the will of the people, albeit not old-fashioned without their support.

Such a rank, elements of the technogenic middle age (anthropogenic systems - places, roads, backwaters, aerodromes, rowing, irrigation, etc.) The technogenic middle ground as a result of human activity tends to grow, I will step on the natural middle ground. The place is gradually growing, new areas are appearing, the lines of power transmissions, naphtha and gas pipelines are being pulled, a number of motor vehicles, lithuanians, machines and mechanisms are being replaced. The technogenous middle ground will drain more and more people, giving rise to environmental problems. Lyudina is step by step more and more to be seen in the natural environment, and to run into the technogenic environment, as it infuses negatively into her health. People vtomlyuyutsya from the technogenic middle age, instinctively to reach out to the point of being able to cope with nature, to go to the dacha, for in the road they want a non-trivial hour of admission, for example, weekend days, to find the natural environment.

Pragnennya people before the change of the world, before splitting with the wild nature, to turn and in the intensive development of different types of tourism. The most popular types of tourism in the Danish hour among Russians have become more expensive in the overseas resorts, cruises on motor ships, trips to nature, national parks and simply “through the wild” - along rivers, lakes, forests and mountains of unassailable Russia. Resort, cruise and ecological tourism have become popular. One can speak about the wide development in Russia of the so-called "country" or "rural tourism", which manifests itself in the mass participation of people on their garden-city dilyanka, des wanting to be on "6 acres" of the "pseudo-conventional" environment of people in general urbanized middle ground. Natural middle ground, like the natural middle ground of living of people, partly like wine himself, is necessary for him for normal living and renewal of wasted forces, for recreation. In such a rank, the natural middle-class and the technogenic middle-class are gradually interconnected, pouring one onto the people, and at the same time take advantage of their principles of vision.

4.2. Natural resources and natural resource potential
territory

In the complex regional-cognitive characteristics of the understanding, the "territory" is thoroughly discerned from the other sides. Persh for everything, tse rosemary Territories, which are the basis of the classification of regions and territories: most, great, middle, small, dwarf. Territory jingle natural resourceі virobnic potential development of the region abo the country. Singing out the views of natural resources are related to a specific territory. Nareshty, territory - tse space of life inhabit ї people і administrative territory, At the same time, the development of the form of the sovereign and the microscopic self-production is to be found. In such a rank, the territory is a "summarizing resource" of the country or the region. Tse is a supporting element of kraїnoznavchikh impulses. The territory of all kinds of natural resources, population, culture, cultural and intellectual potential. Territory є all more valuable natural resource, from the point of view of possibilities Silskoy government Thus, the emergence of new, unattended earlier genera of cinnamon copalins, for the development of new enterprises, a growing population and the organization of protected natural reserves - reserves, reserves, national parks. At the same hour, the need for intelligence, that in the center of whether it’s a territory, Lyudin’s growing up, or the success, we see the territories of territories, regions, continents and Earth in

a whole є natural center of living, which is important in the region.

Otzhe, vivchennya be-like territories in regional studies - anthropocentric, T. E. Voni is seen and vivchayutsya in the link with People, like the middle-class and living. With the whole interconnection and interconnection of the most important elements of the triad "nature - population - the gift of the state", we should always go to the singing territory (region, country, oblast, region, place) with the help of natural resources, use resources.

Natural resources(PR) - the whole stocks of natural elements of nature, the kind of speech and energy, as well as snuvannya, function and development of the human support and vicarious from the state's activity. The reserves are formed and formed in the natural environment, being components. Prior to PR, climate (energy Sontsya, vіtru, vologa litter), water, soil, roslini, creatures, mineral syruvina and іn. Stink on:

- picks up(For example, earth, fox, riba, water);

- in case of non-fouling(For example, korisnі kopalini - vugіlla, naphtha, gas, ore tila, mineral genera);

- uncertified(For example, energy Sontsya, vіtru).

Natural resource potential of the country be stored in private natural resources, such as on the territory, are a variety of warehouses for the whole. Mi live such characteristics yak " land, rich in natural resources " abo "Land, bidna natural resources", characterize the potential development of stocks of deyakh resources. The sum of all kinds of natural resources , you can be okay or you can get into the government’s partnership, it’s accepted natural resource potential(PRP) territory, land, district. For the purpose of guiding, put the lands rich and rich in natural resources: a high PRP in the PAR, a low one in Lesotho; high PRP in Russia, albeit low in Bilorusia, etc.

However, the land, rich in natural resources, can be from the point of view of the development of the social and economic sphere, the life of the population. The price doesn’t start only because it’s a little natural resources, but it’s environmental management system, Structure and structure x fun, the manifestation of the population(Labor resources) and і rіvnem yogo education, quality ta in . (Apply: Rosiya rich land the light of natural resources, however, it is not in the light. Japan and Switzerland are lands that are rich in natural resources, but one of the most popular countries for social and economic indicators.)

4.3. The structure of natural resource potential

In the structure of the PRP, be it a land near the natural resources, I will not be able to master the entire resource potential. To that, in the regional characteristics of the territory (country, region), it is important to assess the steps of the establishment of the PRP and of the natural resources in its structure. Significantly, at the dawn of the people's day, the district with a warm and natural climate, saturated with natural biological resources, served the best centers tough for the first people. Over the years, the region with friendly and clear natural resources has become the centers of civilization processes. The centers of ancient civilizations have moved to the most friendly subtropical for the life of people tropical belts... And until the present hour, the territorial differentiation of natural resources and minds is meant for the distribution of people, the way of life, culture and nature, on the efficiency of economy. To form natural and anthropogenic resources resource potential of the territory?

climatic resources for klimat - as a natural resource attracted to the regions and the lands of the planet, ale volodya іnіtіonny characteristics (maritime and continental; vology and dry; hot and cold; arctic, humid, subtropic, tropical, winter) friendlyі unwelcoming for life and singing views of the dyyalnosti people, for the Silskoy government and recreation - health resorts, sports, tourism and others.

Water resources- Comes for victorian waters of the sea, rychok, lakes, piece-of-water, underground waters, runtov vologa, ice of the sea and polar ice, water vapor of the atmosphere. Water resources on the Earth become 1,388.25 million km 3 and are stored in natural objects (Table 4.1).

Slid to mean that it is important for life and for the virtue of people water resources, Yakimi people are creeping, they are often surrounded by a lot of brackish waters of the ocean, underground waters and fresh waters, conserved in ice dwellers.

Table 4.1. Natural water resources of the Earth

soil resources- navazhlivіshі for the development of the Sіlsky government. The value of the visa starts: square, Pridatnykh for processing; roguish, so that the soil grows in a new biomass or the harvest of roses (black earth, chestnut, pidzolist and in.); we can character processing(With watering (irrigation) and without new); step The origin of the ground cover(Yari, vіtrova erozіya and ін.).

Roslinny resources - natural surroundings, including forest, meadow, steppe growth, and sea bows. The value of these resources is unappreciated on a global scale. Stink (produce) stocks of sourness in the atmosphere. At the regional scale - tse, for example, stock up on wood, big-mensh value for budivnitstva (chervone and chorne tree of paths, cedar, pine, alina and іnshі coniferous species of taiga) grub resource sea ​​grass in coastal areas; meadow and steppe growth, yak a valuable food for thinness. Evidence Apparently, the manifestation of steppe versatility is the basis for the creation of the beginning and the beginning of the development of cattle civilizations.

Mineral-syruvinny resources - tse copalini and rossypnyh load brown elements and also the natural difference between the salts of lakes, seas, subterranean and sub-water dzherels, so that minerals can be replaced in high concentrations, for which it is economically significant. Mineral syruvina is one of the most important types of PR, so as to serve as a base for the development of industrial galuses of industry and the Silskoy government, business, transport and other. Mineral resources (MR) on ore(Залізні, мідні, polymetalіchnі), not difficult(Rozsipi of gold, diamonds, expensive stones, buoyancy sirovin and ін.); combustible(For hydrocarbon-water syruvin - naphtha, gas, vugilla, peat - energy). To special mineral resources it is possible to bring mineral water (cold and hot), mineral mud, vicorization for health, balneological purposes.

recreational resources(РР) - a folding type of resources, which are stored from natural and anthropogenic storage facilities and form the potential for recreation, that is, E. Vidpochinku people.

The term "recreation" (in Latin "Recreation", English "Recreation") means "renewal". In a wider sense of the word, it is assumed that "the result is the renewal of the physical forces of the people." Recreation of short-hour repairs in the process of robotics and before taking a break in work is a very short-lived failure of repairs, or a quick release or a cancellation. In medico-biological meaning, recreation is necessary for neutralization of viral stresses, neuropsychic stress, and also in monotonous practice and dynamics. For the regeneration of the forces of people, a change of minds, hostility, forms of activity are needed. V.S.Preobrazhensky (1975), having proponated the concept of "recreational intelligence" - that is, the activity of people at a great hour, it is due to the renewal of their physical forces, as well as for their universal development. "

Zokrema, tourism is a whole type of recreational activity of people, ie. At the same time, there is a kind of migration of the population, the sphere of cultural intercourse, business, galuz of national and light economy, in which natural and recreational resources are to be found.

PP - tse components of the natural environment and the phenomenon of socio-cultural character, which are responsible for the power mozhut buti vikoristani for recreational activity ... natural part RR - tse climatic, water and deyaki mineral resources(Creeping dirt). Changes of minds are formed on the basis of people technogenic partРР - for balneological, health resort, tourist resources. While seeing the resources as a part of nature, they are not alone and not as recreational resources (i.e., by resources as a result) from people from people, as a sub'єkta to work. For example, a beach on the sea uzberezhzh, dzherelo mineral water, Malovnichya valley with a rapids - all natural objects can be found in uninhabited people. Ale varto people know about them and evaluate them from the point of view of corysti, accessibility for the reason, as well as the stink of the RR, addable to tourism, are included in the PRP.

RR value and flexibility for a human being, it is in the sense of being vicious for the new middle of the mediocrity. The greatest attractiveness (addictive) is the ability to make a difference in versatile and contrasting landscape-climatic minds. Forward, perebuvannya stick middle-class Such yak burn - the sea; water is land; a forest is a glade that will add to the cultural diversity of the culture. The most popular among all those who like to creep landscapes with versatile relief and landscapes - Chornomorske uzberezhzha, Seredzemnomor'i, Kalifornia, Baikal, Altai, Kamchatka, etc.). Assessment of recreational resources and vivchennya of spacious-hour regularities to enter the sphere of interests recreational geography(Nikolaunko, 1998).

recreational potential(RP) - the success of natural and social and cultural changes, which creates the potential for the organization of recreational activity (i.e. E. new species vidpochinku) on the singing territory (land, district, place). RP store in private views PP, Іnuyushchikh anyway, on the date of the territory. In other words, the recreational potential includes ecological, social and economic storage facilities, which are needed to be assessed. For example, the RR of the Baikal region is a whole special climate, lake water, rychok and mineral dzherel, natural objects and landscapes of the "glorious sea", shops, ribbons and roslinny resources of the lake and coastal territories, hotels, tourist attractions Some of the community's food, floating assemblies and transport security, which allow organizing the collection of people in the whole district. The recreational potential is included in the provision of security services for reasons - on the territory of information and tourist agencies, guides, excursionists, hikers and staff, as well as service tourists.