Shell of the earth in yak. Geographic envelopes of the Earth: types and characteristics
All life on the Earth, the life of all living organisms from simple one-line bacteria to folding biological species, the life of grows, food and people are found in 3 important warehouses: on the geographic surface of the Earth; at the aquatic center of the hydrosphere of the planet; and with a white-blaky dome - the atmosphere of the Earth.
The main part of the surface of the earth is occupied by the ocean, de on the mainland and the waterless part of the fall is less than 1/3 of the entire surface of the Earth. The surface of the Earth is stored in earth measles Part of the mainland, water part, and also the atmosphere, earthly kulu.
The change in the great minds of the past has now passed from Darwin to those evolu- tion of visions and prowess of people. At that time, naturalistic disciplines were repaired with entusiasm and entusiasm according to the way, based on the Darwinian theory, as it was a great and fruitful heuristic pre-debilitation, theology was very helpful in defense of the defense more in the fact that the theological system is great, prompted in the capitals of speculation, non-recent innovations with the fruit of the law, both in patristic theology and in one and the same written bullets are equally accessible, as a Conceptual basis, in which new science collapsed, it was dynamic and evolutive.
Tsikavo, the atmosphere of the Earth is important warehouse part walking and growing life on the planet, as well as the zhisnaya envelope of the planet. In the atmosphere, the formation of the weather on the Earth is observed, it regulates the process of the circulation of water in nature, the atmosphere of the seizure of the Earth from space changes and changes in the temperature of the Earth's surface, forming a "greenhouse effect".
The concept of ideal primordial creativity is guilty of being overlooked for one person, in any boundary and evil, when he is present, he is present from the very cob. Tse bulo zovsіm іnshe rozumov staging, as more and more will include the understanding of the truth and nature. On one side, there is a need for a great, passionate world, about the scientific wisdom and about the meaning of new theories, and on the other - about the foundations of the theory. Zitknennya was important in front of the church. Numerous apologists appeared, grouped in two categories: tradition and concordant.
The planet Earth is stored in the lithosphere (solid), the atmosphere (the shell of the water), the hydrosphere (the water shell) and the biosphere (the sphere of the expansion of living organisms). In the midst of the spheres of the Earth, there is a strong interconnection, surrounded by a circle of words and energy.
Lithosphere. The earth is a splinter of flattened poles of a cooler, or spheroids, a spherical pole along the eqvor is close to 40,000 km.
The temple was made up of "traditional", for the reason, for which they wanted to see the geology, they won’t use Butt’s literal description, it’s not worth it, but those who wanted to see the Old Astronomy, it was said wrap around the Earth. News of the History of Creation on Rose and Viri In these volumes, the problem of seeing the geology and theological thought in a glimpse, with clear ideas, ample historical glimpses and plenty of historical details.
It is impossible to conceal, but such robots themselves, like the serpent of the theology being put to the bitter scientific thought. In accordance with the Evolutionary theory, it was not required to try to correct the mind. In a very organic and seeming way, with the help of Teilhard de Chardin, the yak, who was fixing his work, includes a new perspective of the Evolution in his philosophical and theological thoughts. From the side, the mastery of the Church, having overshadowed the theological thought about the establishment of the vivchennya of that, as Odkrovennya could wait for the scientific data, step by step propelled the elements of clarity of the sub'uktu.
In the future of the earth, one can see the onset of the shell, or the geosphere: the wilderness of the lithosphere (the outermost shell of the shell) will push for close to 50 ... 120 km, the mantle, as it stretches to the mountain of 2900 km and the core - from 2900 to 3680 km.
For the greatest expansion of chemical elements, it is necessary to enter to the storage of the shell of the Earth, and to go to the upper - siallite, which extends to the mountain 60 km and is less than 2.8 ... 2.9 g / cm, and is warm, up to 1200 km і small power 3.0 ... 3.5 g / cm 3. The name "cіallіtnaya" (Сіal) and "сіmatic" (Сіма) shells resemble the meaning of elements Si (silicon), Al (aluminum) and Mg (magnesium ).
It’s true, that the topic of the scientific history of the Earth, without a sum, that philosophical and ethical inheritance, as well as theological and folding process of dying - and, perhaps, in some aspects, theological glance is necessary form In the era of debates about the results of geology, there are a lot of spiritual projects, how to engage in science, - just remember the ideas of Spallanzan, Stoppani, Borson, Sekki, Denzu and all before them, Stanon - did not confess scientific advances, I can be both fair and season.
At a glide point from 1200 to 2900 km there is an industrial sphere, with a thickness of 4.0 ... 6.0 g / cm 3. I call this shell "ore", as in this one, at the great number, there is a lot of metal and the most important metal.
Glibsche 2900 km, the core of the earth's core is located with a radius of about 3500 km. The core is stored in the main zone and has a large thickness (10 ... 12 g / cm 3).
As for geological sciences, then in the last ten years the stench sought a significant progress in important views... New theories were announced: drift to the continent, tectonics of plaques, viraz of the "mobilist hypotheses" of continental masses, confirmed in great hours, tied to radio-metric dates, brought the vital force of reality, in the future.
Lovelock. The earth cannot be respected by a dead planet, but it can be built up from stones, oceans and atmosphere, but a system that hunts all life, and the whole new community is tightly tied to the ideas of "self-regulating day". The hypothesis was called Gaia, from the name given to the goddess Terra, Shanovo in the preellinian Greece. The idea of a bullet is not new: even Hutton, talking about the concatenation of geological and biological processes and interruption in the circulation of earthly water through the circulating earthly water with blood, the naturalist A. von Humboldt speaks about the great
per physical authorities The earth's crust is not uniform, and it is subdivided into continental and oceanic types. The average strain of continental earth measles is to become 35 ... 45 km, the maximum is up to 75 km (before the mountain massifs). Near the upper part of the country, sieges are laid down, the breed will be pulled up to 15 km. These breeds have become established in the course of trivial geological periods as a result of the change of the sea on land, the change of climate. Under siege rocks, the granite ball grows tighter in the middle 20 ... 40 km. There is a lot of pressure on the ball in the areas of young mountains, to the periphery of the mainland, it will change, and before the oceans, the granite ball is out. Before the granite ball is a basalt ball taut 15 ... 35 km, folding with basalts and similar rocks.
The hypothesis of Gaia found out and found a certain opir in the academic world, which also includes the competence of the decisive disciplines, and also, in the case of those who seem to be rather quiet in the teleological sense, in order to respect , by an unreliable rank, the personification of nature, or the vitality of nature, is simply put in the light of the processes of self-adaptation and homeostasis in the ages.
Regardless of the fact that Gaia's hypotheses are well-grounded, the sense is made clear: the sciences have gone to such a world, but the skin of them in their autonomy will want to lose a little part of reality: as people want to learn more of the discipline of the sense of reality, іntegruvati їkh in a wider range of services The whole way is almost not a wondrous one, acts of interdisciplinary propositions based on the anthropic principle.
The oceanic crust of the earth is less taut, less continental (from 5 to 15 km). The upper balls (2 ... 5 km) are stored from siege rocks, and the lower (5 ... 10 km) - from basalt.
The material basis of the soil is to serve as siege rocks, which are found on the surface of the earth's measles; the role of magmatic and metamorphic rocks in the established soils is not great.
Mi proponyuєmo deyakі transcend the world in the end of our route, in the main historical character. Ludin is dependent on seeing the bazhanya, and also the need for intelligence for oneself, life, the world around him. You still need it, so how do you need kisen, you need a dichati and a life. It’s not a culture, because it didn’t catch the problem. The first propaganda of the boule's solution was based on myths and travels, and the stench of mali was of a single character: a human being, who was part of the whole living and inhabited by gods, spirits, gnomes, nymphs; Nature is a whole іgrovе field of cich primitive forces, as people can be magnified by victims, gifts, magical acts.
main masu girskikh breeds Confirm kissen, silicon and aluminum (84.05%). If there are three elements to add up to five - zalizo, calcium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, then in the sum of stench, add 98.87% of the mass. At least 88 elements of the attack of trocha more than 1% of the mass of the lithosphere. However, it is unaffected by malium instead of micro- and ultra-microelements in rocks and soils, many of which may be of great importance for normal growth and development of all organisms. In this hour, there is a great respect to settle down in the soil of microelements as in connection with the meanings in the growing of the roslin, as well as in connection with the problems of protecting the soil from the chemical obstruction. Warehouse of elements in soils in the main storage from їkh warehouse in girskikh rocks. However, the change in the elements in the rocky rocks and on their soils is easy to change. The price is linked both with the concentration of elements of life, so with the course of the soil-creating process, when there is a decline in a number of silica. So, in soils there is more space, less in the lithosphere, acidic (apparently 55 and 47%), water (5 and 0.15%), in coal (5 and 0.1%), nitrogen (0.1 and 0.023%).
Independently from the womb of the young perekonan, the sense of intelligence: in its place before nature, people are known to be in this non-transferable environment and the lack of reality, as they overturned. The development of rational thought is based on the fact that it is less focused on nature, as it is acting in a way that draws in its divine and animation character, and is becoming more and more active: Christianity has made a significant contribution to the whole process, I want the mechanics of humanity itself, kind of about'єktom rozcharuvannya.
Atmosphere. The cordon of the atmosphere to pass there, de the force of the earthly hardness is compensated by the central force of energy, zoomed to the wraps of the Earth. Above the poles of the vaughn, it is hanging at a height of approximately 28 yew. Km, and above the ekvator - 42 yew. Km.
The atmosphere is stored with a lot of green gases: nitrogen (78.08%), acid (20.95%), argon (0.93%) and carbon dioxide (0.03% by weight). Before the warehouse, it is also included in a small amount of helium, neon, xenon, krypton, water, ozone and іn., Yakі in the whole store is close to 0.01%. In addition, in some cases there are water bets and a handful of saws.
It’s worthwhile to be in line with Christian confessions and the development of a science thought, a biblical report about walking, as it was put in Butt’s book, the theory was based on the theory that it’s not in the world of science itself. Conceptions of crossings in the truth of the biblical text and the sound of the verdict in nature. Ale on the idea of all theories, a part of the sacred text, instilled by God, and that is why the mind of the concept of thinking is obstinate, persh for all those who give it literally smoldering.
The folding was also the result of the fact that the first geological preliminaries were carried out on the siege formations, that is, at the ancestors, as they were near the water center, and, well, they fit in well with Butty's announcements. The factor that triggers the crisis will bring you to the biblical text, it will be a trivial hour. This is the result of the vivchennia of the siege and the copalin's approval. The hour, about which Biblia spoke, could not be sufficient for all the evocative phenomenology.
The atmosphere is composed of five main shells: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere, exosphere.
troposphere- the lower sphere of the atmosphere, the height above the poles is 8 ... 10 km, in outside latitudes- 10 ... 12 km, and in equatorial latitudes - 16 ... 18 km. The troposphere has nearly 80% of the atmospheric mass. There is much more of the water vapor of the atmosphere, it forms and falls horizontally and vertically.
However, at least from the very cob, there were no straight proofs, but just a few keys. Continued demonstration of naturalists can be divided into two groups: quiet, hto pratsyuє without a biblical concept and quiet, hto pragne її vryatuvati, re-understanding її. It remains to be seen as if it were a science, whose theory, on your mind, is in the heart. In such a rank, a number of days of creation are called the period of an invisible period, that the hour-long range from the work to the stream can be improved in the world, if it seems to you that it should be possible for the apparition to appear.
stratosphere It extends from 8 ... 16 to 40 ... 45 km. Vona includes about 20% of the atmosphere, water vapor in the middle of the day. In the stratosphere є a ball to ozone, like clay ultraviolet viprominuvannya son and prey from the bend of living organisms on the Earth.
mesosphere Proceed at a height of 40 to 80 km. The strength of the drink in the whole sphere is 200 times less than earthly surface.
The whole system of development, the way of reconciling with vitrates for science and vira, is now less friendly, but not for the last, but for the most important time. Looking through the history of the theological theology and geology, it is obvious that people didn’t want to give permission to the local knowledge, if you had to come to the knowledge, as there are no characteristics of the general knowledge and information, special advice If I want to be surrounded, based on a series of precautions or experiments, people tend to turn on all the appearances and transfer them.
ionosphere It will move at a height of 80 km and be stored in the main charge (ionized) atoms, charged molecules, nitrogen oxide and electronic electrons.
exosphere is the calling ball of the atmosphere and to repair itself at the height of 800 ... 1000 km from the surface of the Earth. They call it the sphere of development, so as here small parts of gas collapse with great speed and can hang out into space.
The whole power of human intelligence and creativity, how to serve pragmatism to the totality. Tsei shlyakh robots of the evidence in Werner, Hatton, Lyalla, and be surrounded by geologists. Werner will follow his theory behind the guardians of the Saxon region from the southern districts, Hutton on the Scottish settlements. Special Cabinet Doslidzhen Layalla Shirshe, that is why the siege basin of Paris and the volcanoes of the Auverne and Italy was born. Three of the reasons їх theories could not stink the power і for the sake of glances, improvement and integration.
atmosphere--tse one of the indispensable factors of life on Earth. Sleepy lanes, passing through the atmosphere, rise, and also often glaze and see. It is especially hard to glaze heat exchanges of water vapor and carbon dioxide. From the dormant energy to change povitryan mas, Climate is being formed. Vypadaut from the atmosphere of the fall є the factor of soil-satisfaction and dzherelom life of growing and living organisms. To take revenge in the atmosphere, carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis of green roslin is transformed into organic speech And the kissen serve for the development of organisms and oxidative processes, which are taken into account in them. The nitrogen of the atmosphere is of great importance, as it can be captured by nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, to serve as an element of the life of the roses and to take care of the lot in the set of white speeches.
The role of the world for analogy and hypotheses is greater in geological disciplines, not even in physical or chemical sciences, for that geology is in vivo in the past from the past year. It is possible to compare it with the great life novel, in which the keys are opened, the guilt is quilted to the logical and last reconstruction of the whole history. Experimenting can be just for analogy in clear minds. The role of the theory, if it is lacking and surrounded, is of fundamental importance for the development of science.
Під дією atmospheric drink vivіtruvannya vivіtruvannya gіrskіh breeds і minerals and soil-making processes.
Hydrosphere. A large part of the earth's surface is occupied by the Svitovy Ocean, which at the same time is surrounded by lakes, rivulets and waters that have grown on the earth's surface, occupying 5/8 of the land. All the waters of the Earth are found in the oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, swamps, as well as underground waters and store the hydrosphere. W 510 million km 2 of the Earth's surface 361 million km 2 (71%) fall on the Holy Ocean and only 149 million km 2 (29%) - on land.
The history of the authors of theories, and there are more experimenters, as well as viconuyu the irreplaceable robot by way of accumulating data. As a matter of fact, the theory is common, some of them give me an interpretation of the tribute and a warning, then, if anything, I am guilty of being prognostic and Heuristic, and by themselves stimulating the investigation. The whole sense of the tse bulo has guessed a biblical concept yak theory.
With the formulation of the theory, it is often a great deal of aesthetics, ethical world, philosophical or religious ideas, to be super-scientific officials. Think about the thought of Aristotle's thoughts flooded by a geometric viglyad with a stake, and about the inheritance, as it was! One of the key moments in Hutton's concept, for example, is that the Earth is not a machine, but "organized tilo", which means it becomes an accessory for living. The conclusion of the world to leak out the Hutton texts: "Tse earthly kulu, obviously, the destruction for the people."
surface water land at the same time with ice dwellers to become close to 25 million km 3, that is 55 times less than the amount of the Svitovoy ocean. There are close to 280 yew in the lakes. Km 3 waters, approximately half falls on the lakes, and the other half - on the lakes with the waters of the rising stage of salinity. Richkah has only 1.2 yew to take revenge on. Km 3, tobto less than 0.0001% of the fresh water supply.
Lead through critical waters to be in a post-life cycle, tying all parts of the hydrosphere with the lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.
Atmospheric vologa actively takes part in water exchange, with a total of 14 yew. Km 3 won I will approve 525 yew. Km 3 fall, which will fall to the Earth, and the change of all atmospheric pressure will be 10 dB, or 36 times stretching out to the rock.
Vaporization of water and condensation of atmospheric vology will make sure that there is no clear water on the Earth. From the surface of the oceans, it is close to 453 yew. Km 3 water.
Without water, our planet would have been goliy kam'yanu kul, adding to the ground and height. Milyoni rocky water ruined girski rocks, transforming them into a ruhlyak, and with the appearance of goodness and creatures spraying the process of grounding.
Biosphere. Before the warehouse of the biosphere enter the surface of the land, the lower balls of the atmosphere and the entire hydrosphere, in some wider living organisms. It is well known to the scientists of V.I. Vernadsky, under the biosphere of the mind of the Earth, a warehouse, a structure and energy of how to summarize the activity of living organisms. V. I. Vernadsky ordered, that "on the earth's surface there is no chemical strength, more permanently active, that is more possible, not living organisms, taken as a whole." Life in the biosphere evolves in the vigorous developmental organisms that inhabit the soil, the lower atmosphere and the hydrosphere. The plants for the photosynthesis of green roslin in the biosphere accumulate sleepy energy in the form organic spoluk... All living organisms do not have a migration of chemical elements in the soil, in the atmosphere and in the hydrosphere. From the day of living organisms in the soils, gas exchange, oxidation and other reactions occur. The gas exchange function of organisms is linked to the atmosphere in general. In the process of photosynthesis in the atmosphere, the establishment and accumulation of vіlny sisnu is seen.
In the process of flowing the efficiency of the organisms, the development of the soil-making processes and development of the soil-making processes will begin. Soil bacteria take part in the processes of desulfurization and denitrification of water, dry spores, N (II) oxide, methane and water. Pobudova roslinnyh fabrics to see growers to vibrate the vibrating elements of biogenous elements with roslins. The growth of the growing layers of elements accumulates in the upper horizons of the soil.
The biosphere has two counterparts for its direct circulation of speech and energy.
A great, albeit geological, circuit will be brought up to sleepy energy. At the cycle of water and get lost chemistry elements the land, which comes to rivers, seas and oceans, develops a lot of siege rocks at once. The cost of a non-reversible waste from the soil of the most important elements of the growth of the growth (nitrogen, phosphorus, calories, calcium, magnesium, sirki), as well as microelements.
Maliy, albeit biological, the cycle is brought into the soil - dewline - soil system, during the whole geological cycle, the elements of the growth of the dews and the humus are absorbed. With biological circulation, cycles occur, tied with sour, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water, which continuously circulate in the dews and in the midst of the midst... Some of them are involved in biological circulation and before the geochemical processes pass into siege rocks or be transferred to the ocean. The head of the field of agriculture in the field of such agrotechnical systems, in some biogenic elements, did not fit into the geological circuit, but were closed in the biological circuit, adapting to the soil efficiency.
The biosphere is built up from biocenoses, which is a one-size-fits-all territory with the same type of growing food production at the same time inhabited by food, including microorganisms. Biogeocenosis is characterized by dominant soils, water regime, microclimate and relief. Natural biogeocenosis is admirably stable, self-regulating building is characteristic for the new one. You see, you can enter the biogeocenosis, become one to one and the colony midst. A priceless folding mechanism, built by the gentry of self-regulation, to stand against the serpents in the middle. If snakes in biogeocenoses outweigh their self-regulating building, then irreversible degradation of the whole ecological system can come.
Silskogospodarsky lands є piece-organized biogeocenoses (agrobiocenosis). more effective i rational vikorystannya agrobiocenoses, their strength and productivity to lie in the correct organization of the territory, farming systems and other social and economic approaches. To secure the optimal inflow on the ground and dewline it is necessary to know all the interconnections in biogeocenoses and not to porous the ecologic rivnovag, which was deposited in the new one.