adsby.ru → Navkolishniy svit

The atmosphere is not safe. Circulation of disciples

Yakbi nature of the reversible leaks in only the thermal heterogeneity of the surface of the earth and povitryan mas Then it was a horizontal gradient from a vice and a vice versa, a bridging gradient from a high vice to a low one. With a tsom speed of the day Bula b is wrapped in proportion to the appearance of the lines of the same vice, that is, isobars. It is less that there is less isobars, it is more gradual in the vice, and obviously it is faster.

If it warms up, it’s a little chilly and a bit of a cold drink. As a result, in some areas there are more and more in bik іnshikh. There, de mi deeply low grip of twist and de mi yogo, viter є no more than a try of nature to rebalance the system.

Sucil line - isobari. Characteristics of education, depression and anticyclones appear in all isobaric maps. Depression є the center of a low vice in terms of quality and value. anticyclone є the center of the vise on the basis of the v_dnoshennyu to yogo otochennyu. Ring the anticyclone is even great, the depression is smaller, round and with great accumulations of isobars.

The power of the grading vice. In theoretical meteorology, the strength is put up to one. To that, when the force of gradation is observed in a vice, when it comes to one unit of mass, then the magnitude of the gradient is in the vice of a vice. Todi numerical value sily baric gradient(G) sign with a viraz:

We'll be surprised, like the system and be delivered to the windows. Yaksho vi pam'yataєte the butt of the cylinder, the gas under a high grip, it tends to collapse to the side, de vin less. Those same to see in the atmosphere, due to the anticyclonic zone, as a rule, straightening on a low vice, as all the tse bulo, it is easy to blast out, perpendicular to the isobarah, because of the anticyclones in the future. it’s not so, there are three parallel izobars. To what?

First, it’s good to change your camp to the ruck, and, moreover, it’s a great deal of strength. Tse is tied with the third in two phases. The first phase, if the collapse is repaired: On the surface of the Earth, there is visibility in an atmospheric vice. By and large, one is moving from the highest degree to the lowest degree. That is why in anticyclones it is shown on one surface of the great power, not in low ones. The very reason for the part of the part, for the obshygi povitrya is brought into ruin, so that the vice is so called by force.

de ρ - the power of the fortune, dρ/ dn- gradієnt vise.

Pid dynyu seili gradinta vise (baric gradinta) vinikak viter. This means that, if an excess of masi povitrya (a high vice) is established on a deyak_y dilyantsi, then it is guilty to go to the area with a little bit of povitrya (low vise). Tsey vidtіk thim is stronger, more viznitsya vice.

Tsia power means that particles of gas between a high and a low grip repair collapse from the first to another, more shvid, which is greater than the growth of grip on one side of the country. Another phase, awakening to the ruck: The earth will wrap itself on its own, and the atmosphere is not tightly tied to the surface, too, check the effect on the weather.

Obviously, for the unruly sposter on the surface of the Earth, the part has become aware of the victory. For the sposter, on the surface of the turn, the right-hander was introduced directly to the hand. It’s not important to bring the offensive zagalny law: the inflow of the wrapping of the Earth - the price of change to the right goes straight to the rue in the Pivnichniy pivkuli. The price is often called the effect of the Power of Coriolis, the power of which є chimos, how victories are seen from a straightforward and rivnomirny ruch.

With such a rank, the main ruinous power, the blame for the ruch is a baric grad. While the force of the baric gradi- ness was only on the turn of the particles, then the collapse would go straight into the city, similar to the flow of water from a high level to a low one. For the sake of it is not found.

I will try to see the light in the flow of the power of the Coriolis. The reason is, well, I want kutova to be the same point on the disk, line-up not on the way, so as the radius of the blow will increase from the middle, but on the edge of the stake, as I describe the point in the skin Turn more towards the center to the edge. If we want to make a line, the disk "hangs" lower, so there is a bit of movement, and whenever we move, as if we are robust of the same speed, then the approaching points of our direct theorist will grow more and more wrap yourself around the disk і do not bachiti behind yogo boundaries, thinking bi, system, power, yaka zapobіgaє trasuvannya straight traktorіy.

In large-scale processes, up to a thermal, the first reason for the emergence of reversal leaks will come from a number of other factors, which significantly accelerate atmospheric circulation. In addition, both monsoon, and inter-latitude circulation, is zoomed in by a number of forces and vortices by the nature of atmospheric circulation, it goes unconsciously fold.

We will hold two areas, which are growing around the Earth, by the way, but also by the way, by areas and on the surface of the Earth, pretend to be an orange dude of his own kind. To that, delinkas, with such a rank, change when they are close to Poles. Then, as a small part of it collapses into the winter, it seems that it is getting stale, so in the skin one hour of the line, which is perpendicular to the axis of the Earth, I will describe one and the same area: , will compensate for the effect of the change in radius.

The power of the Earth's wrapping. The change in a straight line and the quickness of the current leaks into the Persian Circuit is victorious to witness by the power of the Earth's wrapping, or, as you call it, by the power of the Coriolis. Winning of the power is tied with the wraps of the Earth around its axis. From the beginning of the force of the Coriolisa to the right, in the new generation to the right, from the higher vice to the low

Let’s be astonished at the butt: let’s admit that we are spostering from a companion, roztashovany exactly in the vertical of the Pole Pole, to reach the top, so that we will be able to back up all the poles. At the pole є the team is a shooter, who can shoot shells, ideally straightened at the start of the day and ready to reach the adequate level. The first projectile of excitement, as the Earth does not wrap around, the whole projectile matime straight way, which is a single pole with an ekvator. Shot a projectile in an hour, sculpt your way up the Pole to an ekvatore, stretching out the Earth's period, turn the singing cot on itself.

On the diagram (fig. 29, a) It is shown by way of illustration, how the power of the Earth's wrapping is poured into the zmіnu right in the turn of the wickedness, so that the bridle of the gradієnta grips with a step-by-step swiftness. The influx of іnshh forces here does not vrahovuєtsya.

It is permissible that the part (denoted by the edge) is more likely to move in the right direction of the city (G). In pershu mit, yak only to appear shvidkist V 1 Winikne the accelerated strength or the wrapping of the Earth A 1 not straight perpendicular і to the right in relation to the ratio V 1 . Before the flow of a quickened part of the road, move not to the back of the city, but to go to the right; on the offensive, mite the shreds of the dust V 2 . And at once the power of the Coriolis changes to A 2. V 3 ... If not to cope with the change, the strength of the Coriolis and so on. As a result, the force of the vice and the force of the wrapping of the Earth will be changed and the bridle will be bridged. The power of the Coriolis grows from the growth of the shreds of the particles and the latitude of the world. Vona start with viraz:

If you move more and more, move the shell to the ekvator, see if the earth collapses more and more and more on the road, besides, in the world, the arc is described in the same hour, more. Because of the Earth, we did not remember the ruin of the earth, I would think about the power of the land, as it was seen in the West. Kepler's law pidsilyuє tse vidhilennya. Oskilki our projectile will move to the correct, the line, as it is clearly from the earthly vissyu, I am going overboard, so the region is guilty but it’s gagged, so that I’ll take care of it, I’ll hope to make up for it. effective improvement for radius.

de ω - kutova shvidkist, φ - geographic latitude, V- shvidk_st ruch.

The accelerated strength or the wrapping of the Earth is changed by values from zero to equal to 2ωV at the poles.

Geostrophic wind. The simplest kind of rukh is straight and equal rukh without rubbing. Meteorology has a name geostrophic in the morning. However, such a collapse can theoretically be allowed. With geostrophic winds, it is transferred, scho, crim the force of the gradient (G), on the contrary, if the force of the Earth is wrapped (A). If the ruch is equal, then offended by force, acting in the opposite side, it will temporarily become geostrophic and direct to the edge of the isobar (Fig. 29, b). At the same time, a low grip is in the pivnichniy pivkuly of evil, and in the pivdenniy pivkuly - the right-hander.

Yakby built a bombardment from Ecuador to the pole, so as it had penetrated to the pole, the projectile knew bi under the Earth, as it collapsed more and more, lower on the road, and was brought in b. In addition, the regions, described by a straight line, that from the other side of the Earth, grow less and less, in order to save them gradually, the arc, described in one hour, it is necessary to learn, such a thing.

What will become, how did I build it from entering the skid? In the same way, the shells will collapse shvidshe, lower the earth, the situation, as you cannot go to non-meanings of terms, and go to the jokes of the radii of the wrapping, which seems to be the way to go , as long as they were on the skid, they did not match the earth, as they were below, and to have their own dynamic balance. I navpaki, which is a projectile at the end of the day, at the end of the day.

When the strength of the gradients is equal, the vice and the strength of the wrapping of the Earth, the sum of money, will be zero. Tse to turn on offensive sports:

zvіdki otrimaєmo scho shvidkіst geostrofіchnogo vіtru

During the first season, it will be released for the day when a projectile is thrown onto the skid, and if the projectile will be thrown to the shutdown, the launch will be directed to the side. Then, sometimes, it seems to be a horizontal collapse, quietly in the turn, as to be in the physical situation between two forces: the grip of the Coriolis. Tse rukh is located right in the isobar. The onslaught of little ones is the go-to process for the Pivdennaya Pivkuli.

For the sake of simplicity, let's take a straight line of the isobar. Ale for the right is the power, which is called the power of the Coriolis, and is enveloped by the wraps of the Earth. The power of power is seen in the trajectory of a particle of evil in the open air and in the direction perpendicular to the ruch. The strength of the Coriolis is directly proportional to the speed and sinusoidal function of the latitude. Again, it is maximum at the poles and changes as the latitude changes in Ecuador. If a part of the turn is brought into collapse by force of a vice, from the maximum to the minimum, the force of the beginning of the Coriolis, gradually bring the part to the left until it reaches the level of two forces in the movement.

It looks like a vise, so the speed of the geostrophic wind is directly proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal gradient to the vice. Otzhe, which is thicker than the isobaric grip on the cards, we are the strongest viter. If I want purely geostrophic weather in the atmosphere of a purely geostrophic environment, I do not want to be spared, however, I want to show caution that it is close to 1 kmі vishche ruh іtrya іdbuvaєtsya approximately bridging іsobar, with small losses, vicious reasons. Tom in practical robot substitute for the actual wind up and the geostrophic wind. Along with the strength of the gradients the vice and the strength of the Coriolis, the power of the rubbing and the center of power is on the way.

Wind, as a result of the balance between the force of the vice and the Coriolis, is called geostrophic wind. Win also starts as a wind, which will be felt in the wilderness in the form of a horizontal collapse without acceleration. Let's understand the formula of geostrophic wind and analysis. For the nobility, which means the dermal part, adapt Misha on the dermal element.

Rivnyannya geostrophic vіtru vislovlyu, middle.

Vіter parallel lines of the isobar.
Vіter zalishaє low vise right-hander sees himself in Pivdennіy pіvkulі.
Viter is stronger, less force is in a vice, so that we are closer than one to one isobari.

The reality is often foldable, for example, it didn’t rise before the vise appeared, but, by the way, it was often shown for the vise. Price system with rows of rows and rows ringing... Also, such important effects as central and turbulent forces were not considered.

The power of rubbing. The force of rubbing is straightened to the side, against the collapse, and proportional to the speed. Vaughn, changing the swiftness of the flowing streams, going out and about going to the isobars, and not going to the isobars, but going down the road to them, from a high vice to a low one. In addition to the turbulent mixing of the rubbing in the grating inflow, it is transmitted to the viscous balls, approximately up to 1 km over the surface of the earth.

It is clear vipadok, if the isobarium may have a cyclonic curvature, then in the system there is a low vice. If the izobari may miss the curvature, the little part collapses in parallel along the curves of the trajectory. Then a part of it comes to the center of the force, as it is supposed to be straightened towards the center by a high or a low name. The power is proportional to the square of the fluidity and is wrapped in proportion to the radius of the curvature of the trajectory. Nagadaєmo, in cyclonic curvature, the force of the vice is straightened to the center of the minimum. At the end of the center, the force of the force in the opposite direction was tightened in a vice.

The inflow of rubbing on the tension and the fluidity of the rub is shown in the diagram (Fig. 30, a). The diagram shows the field vise і rukh vіtrya vіd dієyu force gradієnta vise, forcefully wrapping the Earth and rubbing. From the start of the Coriolis ruh against the backdrop of not looking up the city in the grip of G, but straight down to the bottom, i.e. E. Vdovzh izobar. The power of rubbing T Visible to a small area to a small area The strength of the Coriolis is shown from a straight cut to a powerful vіtri arrow TO. Yak bachimo, kut mіzh deisnim vіtrom V and rubbing by force T the warehouse is more than 90 °, and the cut is between the working wind In and by the force of gradation the vice G less than 90 °. So, as the strength of the gradient is perpendicular to the isobars, then the effective window appears to be visible only from the isobars. The size of the kuta, which folds into an isobaric and directly actionable wind, lies along the step of the shortness of the earth's surface. Take a ride to the left of the isobar start to move from the cut to 20-30 °. Above the land, rubbing more, below the sea, at the surface of the earth, rubbing the most, and with the height it will change. Nearly 1 km diyu sili rubbing mayzhe pin.

Todi for reaching the ravnovagi particles to finish, the ball is less powerful than the Coriolis, not in the times of geostrophic wind. The change in the strength of the Coriolis is also a change in the winery of the winter, which is called the gradation of the weather. In tsyu vypadka vіtrovoy cyclonic gradієnt. Tsei vіter maє lower shvidkіst, lower geostrophіchny vіter, which leads to one and the same city vice.

The center's power reaches the grip. Now the strength of the Coriolis is guilty of compensating for one hour of two forces. Today, the strength of the Coriolis is to blame but more, not in the times of the geostrophic wind, which is similar to one and the same city.

The power of the center. Yakshho izobari curvilinear, t. E. Mayut, for example, the shape of an ellipse or a cola, then on rukh

by the way of pouring center force. The whole force of energy, as it is straightened from the center to the periphery along the radius of curvature of the trajectory of the turn. From the center of the force (at the time of grating), it goes through the isobars. When it is evident, rubbing the wind dime down to the izobars towards a low vice. The magnitude of the centering force starts with equality

For that, there is a strong curvature between isobars with an anticyclonic curvature, but in times of straight isobars, and, in its turn, there is a high degree of speed, and a little more For the formula of the gradient wind, it was inverted, but in the anticlonic ruks the radius of curvature of the nicholas cannot be less than the singular value, called the critical radius, but in the middle latitudes it becomes close to 400 km. Navpaki, in times of cyclonic circulations, there is no minimal boundary between the radius of curvature and the path of the particle. І geostrophic wind, і gradіnt - tse theoretical vіtri.

de V - the speed of the wind (speed of the wind), r - radius of curvature of the yogh traktorії.

If you accept it, if you are going to see it on a stake, then the speed of it in any point of the trajectory will be directed along the same line up to the circumference (Fig. 30, b і c). Yak viplivє with the scheme of the scheme, the power of the Coriolis (A) It is straight (in the winter season) along the straight cut along the radius to the right towards the wind( V). The centering force (C) is directed towards the center of the cyclone and anticyclone to its periphery, and the force of the gradient (G) temporarily the geometric sum of the first two forces and lie on the radius of the circle. All three forces in a wide range of tied to the family

Rubbing or rubbing over the earth's surface lead to a change in performance. Yak inherited, the strength of the grip will turn the piece towards the low grip. Axis close to the earth, the help of the wind was stolen by the izobari and straightening on a low vice. The cut is between the ground in the middle and the isobars lie down in the shortness of the soil.

They show the graphics, as they are brought up to low clutches through rubbing against the earth's surface. The stench comes from a new drink. A small box with large walls with underwire doors and doors, which will prevent internal ventilation and prevent the flow of sleepy vipromyuvannya on the thermometers, installed in the middle, to keep an eye on the temperature of the hour.

de r - radius of curvature isobar.

The third rіvnyannya vipliv, wіter the straightening perpendicular to the gradієnt vise. Tse okremiy vipadok vіtru with circular isobars in the cyclone system. Such a wind is calledgradієntnim.

At the beginning of the cycle in the cyclone system (Fig. 31, b) the force of the baric gradient is straightened to the center of the center, and the force of the center and of the Coriolis, which is more important, is directed to the opposite side. At one anticyclone (Fig. 30, c), the force of the Coriolis is directed to the center of it, and the force of the pressure gradient is directed towards the center of the center, and the force of the baric gradient is directed to the opposite direction and temporarily knocks the surface.

Rivnyannya gradient wind in the face of the anticyclone of the beginning of the viglyad:

At the new age, the power of the Earth's wrapping is straightened out from the backdrop of the world, the city's weather appears to be out of the city's grip. To that, in the first stage, the wind in the cyclone of the straightening behind the year-old arrow and in the anticyclone - the anti-year arrow.

Pose with forcefully rubbing, i.e., Vische 1 km, Windows directly and quickly approach the gradient. The rise between the effective and the urban wind is not great. However, there is a small amount of performance against the gradient of the gradient and an important role in the change of the atmospheric vice.

The grip of the fortune is to start in a hundred atmosphere, peretin, equal to one area. In case of an unsettled Russia, in times of change of the term power and active forces There is a change in the increase in weight in a hundred, and, as a result, a decrease in the atmospheric pressure.

The head officer at the field vise (baric field) є vіdhilennya vіdіysnі vіtru gradient (on vіtakh). If it is straight and the fluidity of the action wind appears to be gradient, it will change or change the weight of the wind and change the grip and it can win and evolve the lower cyclones - cyclones and anti-cyclones.

Visiting the weather in the areas of strong wind streams in the troposphere and during the great curvature of the wind streams.

Box vise. The structure of the field vise, abo baric field atmosphere, dosit rіznomanіtna. At extratropical latitudes, where the surface of the earth is, and at the heights, it is always possible to see a great or rather small for the size of the cyclone, the anticyclone, the valley, the comb, the side.

Cyclones are the most atmospheric whirlwinds, with a low grip in the center. Rukh turn in їх systems in the winter season will be against the year's shooting. Anticyclones - vikhori with a vise in the center. Rukh turn in їх systems in the winter season will go for the year's shooting.

In the first phase in both circulation systems, there is a windfall, that is, in the cyclone it is dark after the year in the wind, and in the anticyclone - in the opposite direction. Ridge - the area of a high vise with an anticyclonic system of circulation is knitted from the central part of the anticyclone. Ulovina - the area of a low vice with a cyclonic circulation system is tied to the central part of the cyclone. Sidlovina is a tse form of a barichesky relay between two cyclones and two anticyclones, rostasovannyh cross-over.

On little 31 there is a vise field at the surface of the earth with a system of winds. In addition to two cyclones and two anticyclones, here are presented the ugly, the comb and the saddle. Directly the wind is shown by arrows, the speed is shown by feathers. The more it appears between the isobars, the less the speed and the less feathering. The same image isobars and vіtru taken on the maps wait (Div. Nizche).

The structure of the field is versatile and foldable. In addition, the mode of alternating currents is charged and charged, at the surface of the earth and at the elevations, over the continents and over the oceans, not even at all about the great diminutiveness in the middle and high latitudes every day. Call the middle of the month of the picture a vise and vіtrі represent only the overwhelming transfer of gadgets for a span of a month and a lot of peculiarities of the atmospheric processes, which appear on the maps of the day.

Interaction with the ocean and atmosphere.

27. Circulation of disciples by weight.

The change in the atmosphere in the atmosphere is based on the thermal regime and the change in the grip of the wind. The majority of the main currents over the planet are called the backbone circulating atmosphere... The main large-scale atmospheric ruins, which create the deep circulation of the atmosphere: wind flows, jet flows, wind flows in cyclones and anticyclones, pass and rubbish.

The roach of the earth's surface - viter- to appear to the one who atmospheric grip in the winter masses of the poets are not the same. Accepted vvzhati, scho viter - tse horizontally roc good luck. As a matter of fact, it doesn’t collapse parallel to the surface of the Earth, but along a small kut, that is why the atmospheric clutch changes in horizontal and vertical strands. Directly vіtru (pіvnіchny, pіvedenniy, etc.) means, the sounds are wіter dme. For the strength of the win, rely on the respect of yo shvidkist. Chim vona vishcha, tim viter is stronger. Wind speed is displayed at meteorological stations at a height of 10 meters above the Earth, in meters per second. In practice, the power to evaluate in balls. The skin ball is two or three meters per second. With a force of 9 points, it is already stormy, and with 12 points - a hurricane. Extensions of the term "storm" mean whether it is even stronger than the wind, right from a number of balls. The speed of a strong wind, for example, in a tropical hurricane, reaches the great values - up to 115 m / s and more. Winter growth in mid-rise. At the surface of the Earth, graters decrease their speed. A fee for the liquidity in the whole food, not in the last hour. Most of the weather is spastered in the middle and polar latitudes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere.

There is no zeal for the regularity of the change in speed over the continents at low altitudes (100-200 m). here shvidkosti in the morning reach the greatest values during the noon, and the least - at midday. Tse sposterіgaєtsya nicestly vlіtku.

Even worse in the morning, before the stormy weather, in the daytime in the barrens of Central Asia, and at night it is still calm. Even at a height of 150-200 m, the picture is directly opposite: maximum performance at night and minimum during the day. The same picture is spared and charged, and charged in outside latitudes.

A lot of inappropriateness can bring a lot of things to the pilots of lithuanians and helicopters. Strumeny povitrya, scho collapsing in small straights, povtovhami, porovy, then weak, then accommodating, opening up a great transition for the collapse of the shipwreck - to appear bovtanka - not without a breakdown of normal goodness.

Vitri, where it is dim from the mountain ridges of the cool continent in a straight line warm sea, called borough... Tse - strong, cold, partly viter, so dme chill out in the cold season of fate.

Bagatom vіdoma pine forest in the regionі Novorosіyska, on the Black Sea. Here the doors are like that natural mind However, the speed of the bora can reach 40 and 60 m / s, and the temperature decreases at a temperature of up to minus 20 ° C. Bora winery is most often in the period from spring to birch trees, in the middle 45 days on the river. Some of the inheritance of the boule were as follows: the harbor froze, ice crooked the ships, the Budovi, the embankment, the dakhi were looking out from the budinks, the wagons were thrown over to the court, they threw themselves on the shore. Bora is hosted in the other regions of Russia - on Baikal, on Noviy Zemli. From the forest on the Seredzemny Uzberezhzhi France (there it is called the Mistral) and to the Mexican place.

Some vertical whirlwinds emerge in the atmosphere with a swift, spirited flow of wind. Tsi vikhori are called tornadoes (in America they are called tornadoes). Tornadoes strike with a diameter of tens of meters, sometimes up to 100-150 m. Behind the nature of the whirled tornado, the estimated values of the speed can be 50-100 m / s, and in especially strong whirlwinds - up to 200-250 m / s with the great vertical storage speed. The grip at the center of the tornado falls on the tornado of tens of millibars. Milibari for viznachennya vise vikoristovuyut in synoptic practice (order with millimeters of mercury stock). For transferring bars (millibars) in mm. mercury stoppa іsnuyut special tables. In the CI system, the atmospheric grip is measured in hectopascals. 1hPa = 10 2 Pa = 1mb = 10 -3 bar.

Tornadoes are not good enough - from a few hilin until a few years. Ale і for a small hour, the stench rises up to the smallest dare. When a tornado passes (over land, tornadoes sometimes call them thrombi) until the wake of the middle, they wake up in the center of a thrombus until they wake up, vibrate in the middle - to get around the life without wandering victims. There are drops, if there are people, creatures, and also small objects and tornadoes in the morning and transfer to dozens, or even hundreds of meters. In my own Russia, tornadoes seep for a dozen kilometers over the sea and even more - over land. Ruynivna force of tornadoes over the sea is less than over land. In Europe, thrombi rіdkіsnі, often stinks in the Asian part of Russia. Ale especially, parts and ruins of tornadoes in the United States. Read more about tornadoes and tornadoes on our website in the section.

Atmospheric grip is even more minlive. It’s possible to fall asleep at the height of the turnover, its power and acceleration of strength, as it changes in the fallowness of the geographic latitude and hovering above the sea level. The schilnistyu is called the masa of the odd one. Diet and dry food When the temperature of the gustin is low, it will increase, with the increase in power it will change more, lower the vice. The strength of the wine is not easy to change, but to be calculated on the basis of variable values of temperature and vice. By the same token, it’s a good thing to see for the galvanizing of the individual companions of the Earth, as well as the warning for the spilling of the individual smokers with the steam of sodium, which is fired by meteorological rockets.

In Europe, the volume of the surface of the Earth is 1.258 kg / m 3, at a height of 5 km - 0.735, at a height of 20 km - 0.087, and at a height of 40 km - 0.004 kg / m 3.

Chim shorter than stoov povitrya, chim vishche misce, tim less vise. Alle the change in the growth rate, the growth of the fallowing ground grows. Rivnyannya, which bends the law of the wriggle against the vise in the atmosphere, is called the basic rivnyannya of statics. It’s more vigorous, because it’s more negative than the grip, and when we go one or the same grip, the grip is greater than the greater the strength of the grip and the acceleration of the force of hardness. The main role here is to lay the spirit of goodness. From the basic level of statics, it is possible to calculate the value of the vertical gradient of the vice, showing a change in the vice when shifting to one unit of the height, so that the vice is reduced to one unit of verticality (mb / 100 m). Gradient vise - tse і є strength, as we are in the fold of the fortune. Krym force gradієnta vice in the atmosphere of power or energy (the power of the Coriolis and the center), as well as the power of rubbing. All the current flows are looked out across the Earth, as if they were wrapped around their axis.

The spacious atmosphere rose is called a baric field. The system is on top of a vise, or isobaric surfaces.

Vertical rise of isobaric surfaces above the cyclone (H) and anticyclone (B).
The surface is drawn through the interval vise p.

The isobaric surfaces cannot be parallel to one to one and the earth's surface, because the temperature and the grip are constantly changing in a horizontal direction. To that, the izobaric surfaces may have a versatile viglyad - from the slender "ulogovin" downhill to the "pagorbiv" uphill.

When the horizontal area of isobaric surfaces is overturned, curves appear - isobaric, tobto lines, so that the dots with the same values are drawn.

Carti izobars, as they await the results at the earliest moment of the hour, are called synoptic charts. Carti izobars, folded for average bagatory data for the month, season, ric, are called klimatological.

Bagatorial middle pictures of the absolute topography of the isobaric surface 500 mb per breast - lutius.
Hang in the geopotential decametry.

on synoptic maps mіzh isobars of acceptance іnterval, rіvny 5 hectopascals (hPa).

On the maps of the bordering area of the isobar, it is possible to shave off, but on the map of all the Earth's skin, the skin of the isobar is naturally closed.

Alle and on the bordering cards there are often closed izobaris, which surround the small or high vise. Areas with lower grip at the center - tse cyclones, And the area with a visually movable vice - the anticyclones.

By cyclone rosum_yut a majestic whirlwind in the lower sphere of the atmosphere, which is in the center of the lowering of the atmospheric vice and the downward movement of the wicked. In the cyclone, the grip of growth goes to the center to the periphery, and the opposite direction collapses in the Old New Years and after the Years Old Street - in the Old New Years. The downward ruck must be brought up to the end of the bloom and until the fall. In space, cyclones watch out at the viglyadi to twirl the dark spirales in the lower latitudes.

anticyclone- tse area of the temple vise. Win vynikє immediately with the development of a cyclone and is a vortex from closed isobars and a vise in the center. Visiting the anticyclones in the dark behind the year-old building in the Old School and against the year-old building - in the Old Street. In the anticyclones, there is a decline in the fall, which is overwhelmed by the overwhelming and triple fall.

In such a rank, large-scale circulation of the atmosphere in the middle latitudes should be built up to approval, development, collapse, and then to extinguishing and development of cyclones and anticyclones. Cyclones, which come to the front, how to distribute warm and cold winds, collapse into bik poles, so as to transfer heat in polar latitudes. Nawpaks, anticyclones, wandering through cyclones in cold weather, collapse in subtropical latitudes, enduring colder weather.

Over the European territory of Russia, 75 cyclones rise in the middle of the year. The diameter of the cyclone reaches 1000 km and is more. In Europe, there are 36 anticyclones in the middle of the month, a part of the low pressure in the center is more than 1050 hPa. The average grip in the winter season on the sea level is 1013.7 hPa, and in the winter season - 1011.7 hPa.

In the north in the private parts of the Atlantic and The Pacific sparing the area of low vice, named Icelandicі Aleutian Depressions. depression, abo baric minimums, It is characterized by minimal values of the vice - in the middle it is close to 995 hPa.

In the same period, the rock over Canada and Asia are in a vise, called the Canadian and Siberian anticyclones. The vise (1075-1085 hPa) is rebuilt in Yakutia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and at least in typhoons over the Pacific Ocean (880-875 hPa).

Depressions are spontaneous in areas where cyclones often emerge, as, in the world of letting down, step by step fall into step and act against anticyclones. Asian and Canadian anticyclones are found in the latitudes of the great continents of Eurasia and Pivnichnoy America. In the qikh regions, the anticyclones are loaded over the cyclones.

Vlіtku over the cyclonic continents, the diagram of the baric field and the circulation is constantly changing;

At the lower latitudes of the winter season, cyclones, hovering over the one-sided surface of the oceans, collapsing onto the winter skid, start the ice of Antarctica and then stagnate, looming in their centers a low grip. The trickle і vlіtku Antarctica is sharpened with a belt of a low vise (985-990 hPa).

At subtropical latitudes, the circulation of the atmosphere grows over the oceans and in the regions of the continent and oceans. Above the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in the subtropics of both agricultural and the area of the high vise: the Azores and the Pivdeno-Atlantic subtropical anticyclones (abo baric minimums) in the Atlantic and Hawaiian and Pivdeno-Pacific anticyclones

The greatest amount of sleepy heat will gradually be eliminated in the equatorial region. Tom, in equatorial latitudes (up to 10 ° pivnіchno і paternal latitude uzdovzh ekvatora) whole fate the lowering of the atmospheric vice, and in tropical latitudes, in smoothies 30-40 ° C. і PDS - amendments, in the case of which there are continuous streams of twain, direct from the paths to the adequate. The growing streams are called pasatami... Pasatnі vіtri dim with a stretch of all fate, withering deprived of its intensity in the insignificant boundaries. Tse sami stiyki vіtri na earthly cool... The force of the horizontal baric gradient directs the streams from the areas slid in a vice in the area of a lowered vice in the meridional straight, tobto for pivden and pivnich. Note: the horizontal baric gradient is the center of the vice, as it falls on the unit along the normal to the isobar.

Alle the meridian directly pass through the two forces of energy - the power of the Earth (the strength of the Coriolis) and the center of the force, and also the force of rubbing against the earth's surface. The power of the Coriolis flows into the skin so that the bridle of the meridian collapses. Take 1 kg of food in the winter season at latitude µ and startє collapses from shvidkistu V uzdovzh meridiana at pivnich. A whole kilogram of goodness, as if it were only on Earth, there is little linearity of wrapping U = ωr, de ω - kutova shvidk_st wrapping of the Earth, and r- go up to the axis of the wrapping. According to the law of inertia of the kilogram U, Yaku vin mav at latitude µ ... Prosuvayuchis on pіvnіch, wіn vіvіvіt in bіsh high latitudes, de radіus wrapping less and lіnіyna swiftness wrapping up The Earth is less. In such a rank, it is worthwhile to outstrip the unruly til, roztashovani on the same meridian, albeit in greater latitudes.

For sposterіgach tse bude viglyadati yak vіdhilennya tіlа tіla to the right fіd dієyu yakois power. Qia power і є power of Coriolis. For the price of a log of a kilogram of eating in the Holy Week, one should go straight to the door. Horizontal storage capacity of the Coriolis, which is for 1 kg of food, road SK = 2wVsinY. Vona and vidhilya turn, go straight kut to the vector of speed V. In Pivnichniy pivkuly, the vector goes to the right, and in Pivdenniy pivkuli it is left. From the formulas of vipliv, that the power of Coriolis is not victorious, that it is only to rest, that it’s just that, if it collapses after all. In the atmosphere of the Earth, the magnitude of the horizontal baric gradient and strength of the Coriolis may be one order of magnitude; In such vipadkahs, it seems straightforward, and it doesn’t collapse because of the pressure, but it’s very close to it.

Whirlwind flows in the atmosphere evoke a vortex character, so in this kind of Russia, the skin is one of the most powerful P = V / R, de V- the speed of the weather, and R- radius of curvature of the traktorії ruhu. In the atmosphere, the force is less than the strength of the baric gradation, and so it will be lost, so bimiti, by the force of the “world meaning”.

As soon as you grate for power, as we wipe out the winds and the surface of the Earth, then in the singing world we hope for the speed of the wind. It can be seen as follows: the lower obsjagi, which lowered their horizontal speed through the irregularities of the earth's surface, are transferred from the lower ridges up the hill. In such a rank rubbing about the earth's surface transmitted to the mountain, step by step weakly. The name of the company is so called planetary ball, Scho to become 1.0 - 1.5 km. vishche 1.5 km in the inflow rubbing insignificantly, that is why I call a lot of balls with a fresh atmosphere.

V equatorial zone The line-up swiftness of the wrapping of the Earth is the best, apparently here is the strength of the Coriolis of the best. Tom in the tropical belt Pivnіchno Pіvkulі pass dmut mayzhe start from the pivnichnogo descent, and in the pivdenniy pivkuli - from the pivdenniy descent.

A low grip in the equatorial zone is promoted gradually, charging and wiping. Smuha of a low vise, I will hunt all the Earth kul, according to the adequacy, to call myself eqvatorialnyyu.

Having gained dignity over the oceans of both pivkul, two pasatny streams, collapsing one to one, to hide to the center of the equatorial street. On the line of a low grip the stench stinks, claiming to be so called internal zone of convergence(Convergence means "business"). As a result of the cycle of "change", there is a decline in the turn of the century and the decline of the past to subtropics. The whole process and the opening of the zone for the iznuvannya zone and convergence gradually, stretching out to fate. As soon as the flow of passages converge, they have become well-known.

From the bottom of the tropic food to the end, to the end of the day, a ball of bustling-boardworms stretching for 100-200 km, from which tropical evil will collapse. In such a rank, the inner-tropic convergence zone becomes a man, before the boards wriggle out of the steam, picked up by the pasats over the oceans.

So forgiven, schematically, the picture of the circulation of the atmosphere in the equatorial zone of the Earth is shown.

On the other hand, I call it mousons... Arabian word "mausin", which means "time for rock", gave the name to the tsim of the persistent leaks.

Musoni, on the occasion of streamen leaks, are found in the northern regions of the Earth, and sometimes they collapse in opposite directions, creating summer and winter garbage. Lіtnіy muson - the price of going from the ocean to the mainland, wintering - from the mainland to the ocean. There are tropical and extratropical monsoons. At the Pivnichno-Shidniy Indies and Afritsa, the winter tropic monasteries are stored with the pasats, and the lithuanian old-fashioned pasats increase. New tropical monasteries are promoted in the private part of the Indian Ocean and in the Northern Asia. Pozatropychny monsoons emerge in the taut, stiff regions of the continent, growing in the grip during the winter hour and low - in the summer hour.

Typical in the whole of the region and the Russian Distant Descent, China, Japan. For example, Vladivostok, how to lie in the latitude of Sochi through the days of the postatropic monsoon as it gets colder than Arkhangelsk, and there are often fogs, fall from the sea, and it is colder and colder.

Bagato tropic land of Pivdennoi Asia will be recognized as a vologue, brought in the view of the torrential boards by the richest tropic rubbish.

Be-like it is the result of the interplay of the physical factors that emerge in the atmosphere over the geographic regions. To the monasteries to visit breezy... The stench is close to the coastline of the seas and oceans, and I may do it right: during the day, the stench bleeds from the sea to the land, and at night from the land to the sea. Explain the temperature difference over the sea and land in early hour dib. Warmth of land and sea is growing. During the day, in warm weather, sleepy exchanges heat the land more quickly, lower the sea, and the grip over land changes. Once again, start to collapse in a little vice - dme sea breeze... Everybody gets mutilated in packs. The land and the wind above it will be warm, the sea is lower, the grip of the old is, lower over the sea, and the winds are right to the side of the sea - dme coastal breeze... Breezy is especially variable during quiet, sleepy weather, if you don't get any of it, so as not to overlap with other streams of fortune, as it is easy to drown out the breezes. The speed of the breeze is roughly 5 m / s, a little in the paths, the temperature difference between the surface of the sea and the land is significant, the breeze blows only once at a speed of 10 m / s. At the lower latitudes, breezes penetrate 25-30 km into the terrain.

Brizi, no matter how much it seems, it’s just a little bit, only on a smaller scale - it smells like a good cycle and it’s a change to lay down right through the winter of the night and of the day, it’s a little bit of a different cycle, and it’s going to change right in the fall as soon as you rock.

Ocean currents, which are on their way to the coast of the mainland, go along two branches, which are straightened by the paths of the Uzbek continent for a private day. In the Atlantic Ocean, there is a spate of the Brazilian current that is on the shores Of America, And the pivnichna gilka is the warm Gulfstrom, which goes to Pivnichno-Atlanticny with a stretch, and under the name of the North Cape current reach the Kolsky pvostrov.

The Pacific Ocean is going to move to Kuro-Sivo.

Earlier, we already guessed about the seasonally warm crossing of the shores in Ecuador, Peru and Pivnichniy Chili. Vono winnicks grow in the chest (not choroku) and in the decrease in the catch of ribs from the shores of the regions through those in warm water there is even little plankton - the main food resource for ribi. Rise of the temperature adjustment of the coastal waters of the wiklikє of the development of the bourgeois-wood grain, from which strong planks are spilled.

The rivals ironically named the heat of the leak El-Niño, which means "a gift of a gift" (from іsp. El ninjo - nemovlya, lad). But I would like to admit it is not an emotional experience with Chilean and Peruvian ribalkas, but for a physical reason. On the right, in the fact that the temperature adjustment of the water on the coast of Holy America is not the only one warm flow... Zmini to the back room in the "ocean-atmosphere" system in the great expanses of the Pacific Ocean to bring in the atmospheric processes, names " pivdennym kolyvannyam". The whole process, interrelated with the leaks, is the origin of all physical manifestations, which are seen in the paths. All the processes, which circulate in the atmosphere, especially over the surface of the Svitovoy Ocean, is a folding, complex process. But with all the folding, decay and diminutiveness of alternating currents, there are still regularities, due to the fact that in the quiet regions of the Earth, the main large-scale, as well as the cycle processes of the atmosphere are repeated.

At the end of the chapter, it is possible to put the victorious energy vіtru on. Energy vіtru people vikoristovuyut from time immemorial, quiet feast, as the stench came to walk in the sea under the wind. Then the windbreakers appeared, and then the windscreen engines - dzherela electric power. Viter - vichne dzherelo energy, stocks of which are indiscriminate. It is a pity that the victoriousness of the electric power is becoming very flexible through the ministry of its performance and straightforwardly. However, thanks to the help of the wind electric motors, it became possible to complete the efficient power supply of the wind. Shovel the windmill zushuyut yogo mayzhe start "trimati nis" behind the windshield. If the power is enough, the current will go ahead without the need to survive: for illumination, for refrigeration units, for charging the batteries. If there is a verse, the accumulators will add the accumulated electric power to the net.

At the science stations in the Arctic Antarctic, the electric power of the wind engines gives light and warmth, which will prevent the robot from the radio stations and the most efficient electric power. Apparently, for a leather science station є a diesel generator, for those who need a mother there is a continuous supply of fire.

Naypersh seafarers vikoristovuvuyut force vіtru spontaneously, without urahuvannya system and vіtrіv and ocean currents. Smells simply did not know anything about the understanding of such a system. The knowledge about the winds and flows has accumulated in centuries and in thousands of years.

One of the fellow Chinese sailor Zheng He with a stretch of 1405-1433 rr. having cleared the spade of expeditions, they passed the so-called Great Monkey Way from the Yangtze River to the Indian and western shores of Africa. We took care of the scale of the first cikh expeditions. Vona was stocked with 62 ships with 27800 participants. To float the expeditions, the Chinese vikorists used their knowledge of the regularities of the monasteries. In China, the stench went into the sea at the end of leaf fall - on the cob of the breast, if it was a wintery winter monsoon. A passing wind to assist in reaching the Indian and African countries. The stench in China turned into an equal - worm, if the old monsoon became established in the Pivdeno-Chinese Sea, which became the first.

The butt is more than an hour close to us. Mova about the rise in the price of the famous Norwegian brewed Thor Heyrdal. For the help of the wind, and more precisely, for the help of the passat Kheyirdal zmig bring the value of two of his hypotheses to the science. The first hypothesis was that the islands of Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean could be, on the Heyrdal thought, populated in the last twenties from the Middle Ages, as they flew over a part of the Pacific Ocean on their primitive floating ships. The floats were flesh from a balsa tree, like it’s just that, when they were tricky to move around the water, they didn’t change their proficiency, but that wasn’t in tone.

The inhabitants of Peru used such rafts for thousands of years, up to the empire of the times. Tour Heyirdal in 1947 tied a plate from the great balsa decks and called it "Kon-Tik", which means Sonce-Tik - the deity of the ancestors of the Polynesians. Having taken "on board" his raft five lovers are suitable, he went on a journey along the route from Callao (Peru) to Polynesia. The Peruvian current and the early-stage passat were on the cob, the float was carried by the Peruvian current and the early pass, and at the same time the robot was taken by the late pass of the Pacific Ocean, which could be three months without interruption. Nini French Polynesia).

Another hypothesis of Heyrdal was that the culture of the Olmecs, Aztecs, Mayans and the other tribes of Central America was transferred from ancient Egypt... Tse bulo we can, on the dummy of the cottage, to that, since in a long time ago people swam through Atlantic ocean on the papier chambers. Heyerdahl was also helped to bring the complexity of the hypothesis to Heyerdahl.

At the same time with a group of fellow-fellows, one-thinkers, they shot two floats on the papier chambers "Ra-1" and "Ra-2". The first choven ("Ra-1") collapsed, not moving to the American coast for dozens of kilometers. The experience is serious, but everything went well. Choven for another float ("Ra-2") knitted a "fahivtsi class" - Indians from the Central Andes. Viyshovshi from the port of Safi (Morocco), the papilian chavens "Ra-2" crossed the Atlantic Ocean through 56 dB and up to the island of Barbados (approximately 300-350 km from the Uzbek coast of Venezuela), having covered 6100 km of the highway. A small group of chovens pidganyav pivnichno-skidny passat, and when they fix it from the middle of the ocean - a skidny passat.

The science of another hypothesis of Heyrdal Bula has been brought up. Ale bulo brought the inshe: unaffected by the prosperous result of swimming, choven, tied with bundles of papyrus, outline, outline, or even water growth, is not suitable for swimming in the ocean. A lot of "shipboard material" is not guilty of being vicious, so it’s because it’s very wet and dirty in the water. Well, if you know more lovers, obsessed with bazhannym perelist the ocean on what is exotic floating boats, then don’t smell the smell on uvaz, so plat from a balsa tree over, not papyrusn, be it unfailingly.