Z yakoyu shvidk_styu dme v_ter. Directly and quickly.
viter- tse horizontally displaced (because of the parallel earthly surface), As a result of an uneven increase in heat and atmospheric viceі straightened from the zone of the high vise to the zone of the low vise
Viter is characterized by shvidkistyu (strength) and directly. straight It begins to appear on the sides of the horizon, the stars vin dme, and vimіryuєt in degrees. The speed of the day change in meters per second and kilometers per year. The power to win in balls.
Viter in jackboots, m / s, km / year
Beaufort scale- cleared the scale for visual assessment and recording power (shvidkosty) vіtru in balls. The bule was broken up by the English admiral Francis Beaufort in 1806 for the purpose of showing the character at sea. Since 1874, a classification has been given for the universal (on land and sea) victorious in the international synoptic practice. In the offensive, the rock was changed and refined (table 2). For zero points, the calmness of the sea was taken. The ball system is thirteen-point (0-12 bft, according to the Beaufort scale). U 1946r. the scale was increased to seventeen (0-17). The strength of the wind in the scale is based on the interaction of the wind with the objects. V the rest of the rock The strength of the wind, often, estimate for the speed, the strength in meters per second - at the earth's surface, at a height of close to 10 m above the open, ditched surface.
The table has a Beaufort scale, adopted in 1963 by the All-Russian Meteorological Organization. The scale of hvilyuvannya on the sea is nine-point (the parameters of the data for the great marine aquatoria; on small aquatories it is less hvilyuvannya). Inventories for the change povitryan mas- gifts "for the minds of the earthly atmosphere near the earth or water surface", and plus temperatures. On the planet Mars, for example, they will be the best.
The power of vіtru in balls beyond the Beaufort scale and in the sea hvilyuvannya
Table 1
| bali | Viznachennya zvychanoy myyuyu vіtru | Wind speed, m / s | Speed per minute, km / year | diya vіtru |
|
on land |
at sea (bali, hvilyuvannya, characteristics, visota and dovzhina hvili) |
||||
| 0 | calm | 0-0,2 | less than 1 | On the day of the week. Dim grows vertically, leafing scarlet trees. | 0. Hvilyuvannya vidsutnya
Mirror-like smooth sea |
| 1 | quiet | 0,3-1,5 | 2-5 | Dim is slightly visible from the vertical straight, scarlet leafing trees are not good | 1. Easier hygiene.
You can see short, clear bends. Visota khvil 0.1 m, dozhina - 0.3 m. |
| 2 | light | 1,6-3,3 | 6-11 | Wind vidchuvaє to accuse, leaves on the trees rustle weakly, the weather vane fixes collapses, | 2. Weak hvilyuvannya
Ridges are built to be friendly. On the sea, there are short hvili with a height of 0.3 m, and with an additional 1-2 m. |
| 3 | weak | 3,4-5,4 | 12-19 | Leaves and thin thorns of trees from the leaves prickle without interruption, lightly prickle. Dim yak bizlizu from the top of the pipe (with a speed of 4 m / s). | 3. Easier hygiene
Good development in khvili. Combing, bewildered to the point, the child will become a little bit of ram. The middle height is khvil 0.6-1 m, dovzhina - 6 m. |
| 4 | pomirniy | 5,5-7,9 | 20-28 | Winter drank and small pieces of paper. Thin trees and without leaves can be used. Dim will change in turn, incorporating the form. Tse krashchy wind for a robotic electric wind generator (with a wind wheel diameter of 3-6 m) | 4.Moderate hygiene
Khvili podovzheni, bile rams are seen in bagatokh mice. Visota khvil 1-1.5 m, dozhina - 15 m. Sufficient wind thrust for windsurfing (on board with wind), with the ability to enter the gliding mode (when wind is not less than 6-7 m / s) |
| 5 | Svіzhiy | 8,0-10,7 | 29-38 | You can see the thin and thin trees of the trees, you can see it with your hand. Vityagak is great prapori. Whistle at the Vuhah. | 4 troubled sea
Kindly rozvineni in dovzhina, altogether no worse than great pangs, everywhere you can see bili rams (in some vipadyuyutsya brizki). Visota khvil 1.5-2 m, dovzhina - 30 m |
| 6 | strong | 10,8-13,8 | 39-49 | There are twigs of trees to go by, thin trees to bend, telegraph darts are buzzing, parasols are victorious to play with pracea | 5 big hype
Khvili podovzheni ,. Bіlі pіnistі combs occupy significant areas. Pretend to be a water saw. Visota Khvil - 2-3 m, Dovzhina - 50 m |
| 7 | mitsny | 13,9-17,1 | 50-61 | Goyadayuyuyuyutsya trees, bend great gilki, it is important to go against the wind. | 6 strong hygiene
Hvily to pile up, comb to be seen, and froze in swarms behind the window. Visota khvil up to 3-5 m, dozhina - 70 m |
| 8 | even mitsny |
17,2-20,7 | 62-74 | Thin and dry gill of trees lamented, speaking in the third is not possible, it is even more important against the third. | 7. Hviliuvannya is even stronger
Pomіrno viskі, dovgі hvili. Along the edges of the combs, repair the breezes. Smugi pini lagayut in rows straight through the wind. Visota Khvil 5-7 m, Dovzhina - 100 m |
| 9 | storm | 20,8-24,4 | 75-88 | Bend great trees, lama great gilki. Viter is visible with tiles from dakhiv | 8.It's very strong
Visoki khvili. Pina with wide, thick swans frog behind the window. Comb the sickness to fix it, to roll it over and go to the brisket, as it burns out the visibility. Visota Khvil - 7-8 m, Dovzhina - 150 m |
| 10 | strong storm |
24,5-28,4 | 89-102 | On land, buva rіdko. Significant ruynuvan budіvel, wind felling trees and virivає їх from roots | 8.It's very strong
Even more high-pitched khvili with long bend down combs. To pretend to be seen in the middle of the great plastics in the viglyadi of thick bilih smogs. The surface of the sea was bіla іd pіni. Strong gurkit khvil suitable for blows. The visibility of the rotten. Visota - 8-11 m, dovzhina - 200 m |
| 11 | bitter storm |
28,5-32,6 | 103-117 | Sposter even more rarely. Supravodzhutsya great ruinuvanny on large open spaces. | 9. Viklyuchno vysokі hvili.
It takes an hour for the court of a small and middle size to be too busy. The sea is all in the dark with the help of our biley plastics, so that you can get out behind the window. The edge of the sky is blowing into the pinnacle. The visibility of the rotten. Visota - 11 m, dozhina 250 m |
| 12 | Hurricane | >32,6 | big 117 | Waste ruinuvannya. Okremі porrivi in the morning reach the speed of 50-60 msec. A hurricane may be present before a strong thunderstorm | 9. Viklyuchne hvilyuvannya
It's like a drink and a breeze. The sea is all covered with smogs. The visibility is even more rotten. Visota Khvil> 11m, Dovzhina - 300m. |
Shcheb is lighter than zapam'yatati(Sklav: author site site)
3 - Weak - 5 m / s (~ 20 km / year) - the leaves and thin branches of the trees are uninterruptedly prickly
5 - Svіzhiy - 10 m / s (~ 35 km / year) - vityagu velikі prapori, whistle at the wuhah
7 - Mitsny - 15 m / s (~ 55 km / year) - the telegraph darts are buzzing, it is important to do it against the wind
9 - Storm - 25 m / s (90 km / year) - wind felling trees, ruinuє budovi
* Dovzhina vіtrovoї khvili on the surface of water objects (rivers, seas, etc.) - the most visible, horizontally, between the peaks of the northern ridges.
vocabulary:
Breeze- weak coastal wind, which is up to 4 points.
normal wind- acceptable, optimal for something. For example, for sports windsurfing, a sufficient amount of wind thrust is required (not less than 6-7 meters per second), and in case of parachute strikes, navpaki, the weather is more beautiful (windy weather, strong worms at the earth surface of the dome and stretching)
storm to be called trivial and stormy to a hurricane wind, with a force of more than 9 points (gradation for the Beaufort scale), which will supervise ruinous on land and strong deterioration on the sea (storm). Storms will: 1) squalls; 2) saws (food); 3) without saws; 4) snigov. A storm of storms are repaired with rapt and so quickly end. Їх дії are characterized by a majestic ruinous power (such a ruinous wakefulness and virivation of a tree with roots). There are storms everywhere in the European part of Russia, both on the sea and on land. In Russia, the widening border of the saw augers passes through Saratov, Samara, Ufa, Orenburg and the Altai Pagorka. Snow storms of the great force are raging on the valleys of the European part and in the steppe part of Siberia. Call the storms of the passage of an active atmospheric front, a violent cyclone or a tornado.
squall- strong і fast porous wind (Peak gusts) shvidkіstu і 12 m / s і і і і іvish, scho supervoke, whine, thunderous angry. When the speed is more than 18-20 meters per second, it’s heavy duty to wear badly fastened constructions, viviski and maybe lamas of advertising shields and trees, wiping out the lines of power transmissions, so that they are not safe for people to know. Parting, squalling in the winter before the hour of passage of the atmospheric front and in the swift change of the atmospheric grip.
vichor- atmospheric affirmation with an overturned ruff around a vertical or abducted axis.
Hurricane(Typhoon) - the most ruinous power and triviality, the speed of which is 120 km / h. "Live", that is. Forecasters will be attracted to you. Hurricane ruinu wake up, virivate in the roots of a tree, wear light wakes, shave off darts, bridges and roads. For ruin_vnoyu power yogo can be tied with an earthquake. The homeland of hurricanes is ocean space, closer to ekvatora. Nasicheni water vapor cyclones fill the school at the end of the day, more and more swirling and increasing speed. The diameter of the giant vortexes is a few hundred kilometers. Most active hurricanes in crescent and spring.
Russia has hurricanes most often in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, on Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Chukots, and the Kuril Islands.
tornadoes- whole vertical vichori; squalls are often horizontal and enter the structure of cyclones.
The word "tornado" is a Russian word, and it resembles an intelligent understanding of the "day", tobot a frown, a thunderous atmosphere. The tornado is a gigantic wrapped funnel, in the middle of which lowering a vice, and if objects are wetted into the funnel, if the tornado is on the way to the way. When you approach it, there is a deafening rumble. A tornado collapses over the earth from an average speed of 50-60 km / year. Tornadoes of discontent. Some of them "live" for a second, or if deyaki - until pivgodini.
On the Pivnichno-American continent, a tornado is calling tornado, And in Europe - thrombus... A tornado can drive a car, wipe it from the root of a tree, twist the place, twirl the top of the bucket.
The Guinness Book of Records is the most frightening and ruinous in the entire history of the war against a tornado in Bangladesh, which was triggered in 1989.
Russia has tornadoes more often in lіtnі mіsyatsі in the Urals, Chornomorskiy Uzbek, In the Volga and Siberia.
Forecasters carry hurricanes, storms and tornadoes to the overwhelming weather of widespread swiftness, that often it will often be seen as wide as stormy weather. Vono can be transmitted through the channels of civil defense: sent to the sound of sirens " Uvaga everyone!"Need to hear about the music TV stand and radio.
Umovni poznachennya on meteorological maps of weather phenomena, tied in the morning
In meteorology and in hydrometeorology - directly in the morning ("dme stars"), it is indicated on the map at the viglyadi arrow, the type of feathering at which shows the middle speed to the stream of the hour. At aeronautics - naming directly to the opposite side. In navigation on the water, one of the ship's (vuzol) ships is to take just one sea mile per year (ten vuzlivs are displayed, approximately, five meters per second).
On the meteorological maps, the feather of the wind arrow means 5 m / s, the short one - 2.5 m / s, in the form of the tricot warrior - 25 m / s (after the combination of the short marks and 1 short). At the butt, imaged on a baby - a wind with a force of 7-8 m / s. If there is an unstable straight line, a cross should be placed in the end of the arrow.
The image shows a clear picture of the meaningfulness of the weather, how it gets stuck on the weather maps, as well as the butt of the applied icons and fragments from the Lubensky matrix of meteorological symbols (for example, the drizzle of the lower hurtovin, if it appears early)
This symbol can be found on the synoptic map of the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia (http://meteoinfo.ru) as a result of the analysis of current data on the territory of Europe and Asia, which is schematically shown to the cordon of warm and cold zones atmospheric fronts and straight forward movement of the earth's surface.
What robiti, how did the storm overwhelm?
1. Close and close all doors and windows. On the slope, glue the cross-over of the smuggle with plaster (the scabs did not spread out the ulamka).
2. Prepare a supply of water and medicine, medicines, lichtariks, candles, a gas lamp, battery-powered receiver, documents and pennies.
3. Get gas and electricity.
4. Pick up from purchases of agricultural products (from courtyards) items that can be used for business.
5. In three easy ways, go to the big city or the lane of the civil defense.
6. At the village booth to move into the greatest space and the best part of the city, and most beautifully - to the pedal.
8. As long as you have a car, try to drive out to the epicenter of the hurricane.
Children from children’s gardens and school guilty but early guided tours to houses. As soon as the storms were overtaken, it was too late, the children were guilty of being displaced in the hallways, or the central part of the week.
More quickly, a hurricane, a tornado, or a storm in the lane, for a long time to the prepared ukritt, or, if you want, in the driveway. However, often, storm surges are given for everything for a sprinkle of hilin before the arrival of the element, and for a whole hour you do not expect to reach ukrittya.
Yaksho vi found ourselves on the street before the storm
2. It is not possible to cross on bridges, roadways, walkways, in places of easy borrowing and out-of-town speech.
3. Take a ride under the bridge, concrete overhang, in the walkway, cellars. You can lie down in a hole or be lost. Ochi, mouth and nis, clean up all the way and land.
4. It is not possible to climb on the doors and climb on the hills.
5. If you are driving in a car on the territory, you should not leave the car. Close this door and window. Before the hour of the snow storm, hide something from the side of the radiator. It’s not strong, it’s possible for an hour or so to unload the car from the car, so you don’t get lost with the ball of the car.
6. If you are in the city transport, safely leave it and whisper the lane.
7. As if the element found you on a broken or open mind, bizht (tilt) in the direction of some kind of ukritty (up to skel, lisi), as it could extinguish the force of the wind, but beware of falling girks and trees.
8. If it’s a verse, don’t go straight away from the ukrittya, so the squall can repeat itself through the gorge of hilin.
9. Take care and do not panic, help the sufferers.
How to lead yourself with the spontaneous dashing
1. Walking around, looking around - you can't hang objects and parts of constructions, connected wires.
2. Do not ignite the gas and fire, do not drive the electrics until quietly, while the special service does not change the camp of the commune.
3. Do not curse the lift.
4. Do not go to the ears, do not go to the broken electrical wires.
5. After the population has grown, I will help the ryatuvalniks.
attach
The accuracy of the windscreen is accurate for an additional attachment - an anemometer. If I can put it this way, you can make a self-made wind-measuring "Wild board" (Fig. 1), with sufficient precision for quickness up to ten meters per second.
Small. 1. Self-contained wind-measuring board-weather vane Vіlda:
1 - a vertical tube (up to 600 mm) and weld it with an upper edge, 2 - a front horizontal shear of a weather vane with a bag-wrapping of a deflection; 3 - wind vane krillchatka; 4 - top frame; 5 - horizontal hanging of the board hinge; 6 - wind-measuring board (wagoyu 200 g). 7 - lower non-abnormal vertical shear with reinforcements on the side of the light: S - pivnich, Yu - pivden, 3 - zakid, V - skid; № 1 - № 8 - pins-showers shvidkostі vіtru.
The weather vane stands at a height of 6 - 12 meters, above the open ditch surface. With a weather vane it is unruly ukrіplenі shooters-showers directly to the wind. Above the weather vane to the tube 1 on the horizontal axis 5, a wind-measuring board 6 with a size of 300x150 mm is hingedly attached to the frame 4. Vaga of the dough - 200 grams. From the frame 4 go backward, fastening to it the arc (radius 160 mm) with large pins, with some chotiri - dovgі (140 mm each) and chotiri - short (100 mm each). Kuti, under the yakimi stinks, are stored in the vertical for the pin No. 1-0 °; No. 2 - 4 °; No. 3 - 15.5 °; No. 4 - 31 °; No. 5 - 45.5 °; No. 6 - 58 °; No. 7 - 72 °; No. 8-80.5 °.
The speed of the day is known by the way towards the end of the day. Having set the position of the wind-gauge board between the pins of the arc, twist up to the table. 1, in every way, according to the assumptions about the speed of the weather.
The positioning of the board between the pins is even closer to being shown about the speed of the wind, the more the strength of the wind is more rapid and often changes. Doska nikoli does not get lost in one position, but gradually dribbles in deyakie boundaries. Spostering with a stretch of 1 chill for the smallest nahil of the dough, but starting the average nahil (averaging the maximum values), and only for the purpose of judging the average napkin of the wedge. For the great performance of the wind, which is 12-15 m / sec, it is shown that it will be very little accurate (in this case, it is a major incomplete diagram).
supplement
The average speed of the wind is according to the Beaufort scale in Різні rockyїї zasosuvannya
Table 2
| ball | verbal characteristic |
Average wind speed (m / s) for recommendations | ||||
| Simpson | Köppen | International Meteorological Committee | ||||
| 1906 | 1913 | 1939 | 1946 | 1963 | ||
| 0 | calm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | Quiet wind | 0,8 | 0,7 | 1,2 | 0,8 | 0,9 |
| 2 | Lightweight | 2,4 | 3,1 | 2,6 | 2,5 | 2,4 |
| 3 | Weak Viter | 4,3 | 4,8 | 4,3 | 4,4 | 4,4 |
| 4 | pomirniy viter | 6,7 | 6,7 | 6,3 | 6,7 | 6,7 |
| 5 | Fresh wind | 9,4 | 8,8 | 8,7 | 9,4 | 9,3 |
| 6 | Strong wind | 12,3 | 10,8 | 11,3 | 12,3 | 12,3 |
| 7 | mіtsniy vіter | 15,5 | 12,7 | 13,9 | 15,5 | 15,5 |
| 8 | Even stronger vіter | 18,9 | 15,4 | 16,8 | 18,9 | 18,9 |
| 9 | storm | 22,6 | 18,0 | 19,9 | 22,6 | 22,6 |
| 10 | Violent storm | 26,4 | 21,0 | 23,4 | 26,4 | 26,4 |
| 11 | violent storm | 30,0 | 27,1 | 30,6 | 30,5 | |
| 12 | Hurricane | 29,0 | 33,0 | 32,7 | ||
| 13 | 39,0 | |||||
| 14 | 44,0 | |||||
| 15 | 49,0 | |||||
| 16 | 54,0 | |||||
| 17 | 59,0 | |||||
Hurricane scale (Saffira-Simpson)
The scale of hurricanes was broken by Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson on the cob of the 1920s for the development of potential hits against a hurricane. Vona gruntuyutsya on shvidkostі vіtru and including the assessment of storm damage in the skin of five categories.
table 3
| № | Category | Wind speed, km / year | Storms, m | Diya on terrestrial objects | Diya to the coastal zone |
| 1 | minimal | 119-153 | 12-15 | Poshkozheno trees and chagarniki | Small ship sailors, small ships at anchorage |
| 2 | pomirniy | 154-176 | 18-23 | Significant numbers of trees and chagarniks; deyakі trees felled, strongly pockennі zbіrnі budinochki | Significant shipbuildings and marinas, small ships at anchorage |
| 3 | significant | 179-209 | 27-36 | There are large trees, large trees, zruynovani, at the outskirts of small houses, windows, doors and dahu | Strong trends in the coastline; small buds on birch trees |
| 4 | majestic | 210-249 | 39-55 | Trees, chagarniki and advertizing boards felled, zbіrnі budinochki zruynovanі vshhent, strongly pozhkozhenі vіkna, doors and dahu | Flooded dilyanka, which is located at a height of up to 3 meters above the sea level; the lines extend by 10 km in any land; bitok from hwil and carried by them ulamk_v |
| 5 | catastrophe | more than 250 | ponad 55 | All trees, chagarniki and advertising boards felled, richly budded in serious fashion; deyakі woke up; zbіrnі budinochki znesenі | A strong hit is set on the lower surfaces of the bucket at a height of up to 4.6 meters above the sea level in the zone, which stretches for 457 meters of coal land. Necessary mass evacuation of the population from the coastal territories |
tornado scale
The tornado scale (Fujita-Pirson scale) was broken up by Theodore Fujita for the classification of tornadoes behind the step of the established vіtrom shkodi. A tornado is typical, in the main, for Pivnichnoy America.
table 4
| Category | Speed, km / year | whip |
| F0 | 64-116 | Ruinu dimovі trumpets, poshkozhu kroni trees |
| F1 | 117-180 | Seeing zbirni (shields) of a buddy from the foundation or turning it over |
| F2 | 181-253 | Significant ruinuvan. Zbirnі budinochki ruinuyut, trees virivayutsya with roots |
| F3 | 254-332 | Ruinu dakhu and stini, rozkid passenger cars, inverted vantazhivka |
| F4 | 333-419 | Ruynu ukrіplenі stini |
| F5 | 420-512 | Pidnimak the booth and transfer it to the symbolic place |
Glossary of terms:
on the side ob'єkta (seized from vіtru by the object itself; area slid in a vice, Through a strong galmuvannya stream) tudi, kudi dme vіter is brutalized. On the little one - on the right. For example, on the water, other courts go to the large ships from the front side (there is the stench stolen by the hull of the great ship from the side to the wind). "To smoke the sky" of the backwaters-enterprises are guilty of roztashovuvatisya, according to the memory of zhitlivy mischievous forgiveness - from the side of the door (straight through the panuchs) and seen from these districts to reach the wide sanitary zones. 
navitryana side ob'єkta (pagorba, sea vessel) - on that boat, stars dme vіter. On the eastern side of the ridges, the hanging air is seen, and on the side of the ridges there is a falling air fall. the best part fallen off (at the viglyadі board and snigu), amalgamated with the bar'er effect of gir, vipadaє on the third side, and from the left side - to fix the collapse of a more cold and dry twilight.
The approximate size of the dynamical wind vise on square meter an advertising board (perpendicular to the construction area), erected along the road of the previous part. At the butt, ochikuvan in given m_sci, The maximum storm speed in the morning, rіvnoy 25 meters per second.
The calculation is carried out according to the formula:
P = 1/2 * (turnover rate) * V ^ 2 = 1/2 * 1.2 kg / m3 * 25 ^ 2 m / s = 375 N / m2 ~ 38 kilograms per square meter (kgf)
Respect that the grip of growth is proportional to the square of speed. Insure and invest in an awesome project with sufficient stock of meat, Stikosti (to lay down and from the height of the support lines) and stiffness until severe porosity in the middle and atmospheric fall at the sight of the snow and the board.
With the strength of the wind, the heat of the people civil aviation
The reason for the collapse of the breakdown of services, for catching up or for the flight of flights - perhaps the stormy increase in weather forecasters, according to the aerodromes, is a sign.
Meteorological minimum, necessary for a safe (regular) heat and landing of a wicked ship, notwithstanding the admissible changes in a set of parameters: performance and direct visibility, and a malignant landing of smog at the aerodrome. Bad weather, in the presence of intense atmospheric falloffs (boards, fog, snow and notice), with great forehead thunderstorms - so it can be the reason for the appearance of flights from the fortress harbor.
Quantities meteomіnіmumu - mozhut rіznitisya for specific lіtakіv (by їh types i models) i aeroportіv (by Klas i nayavnostі dostatnogo ground obladnannya in zalezhnostі od Especially navkolishnogo aerodrom relєfu mіstsevostі i nayavnih temple gіr), and self obumovlenі kvalіfіkatsієyu i lotnim experience pіlotіv ekіpazhu , the commander of the ship. At rosrakhunok and until the visitor - the highest minimum is accepted.
A fence on a vilit is a moody in bad weather at the aerodrome, as there are no two spare aerogavans, close by, with good weather conditions.
With a strong wind, the lithuania will show the evil and the landing - against the rotational flow (viruly, for the whole, on the occasional swamp). In such a problem, it’s not only safe to take care of, but rather to speed up the distance from the start to the heat and run at landing. Interchange according to daily and incidental storage space for a large number of modern civilians, storage values, approximately: 17-18 and 5 m / s., As a matter of fact. Nebezpeka of great heel, the presence and rotation of the air liner, with this evil and the landing - it is a reluctance and strong parting of the air (squall).
http://www.meteorf.ru - Rosgidromet (Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring dovkilla). Hydrometeorological Science and Preceding Center of the Russian Federation.
Www.meteoinfo.ru - a new site for the Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation.
Http://ada.ru/Guns/ballistic/wind/index.htm - Myslivtsyam about pouring the wind into the cooler, a balistic calculator.
Dovidnik ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Climate - metropolitan meteorological stations and statistical data about the mid-millennial values of the main weather parameters (temperature, weather conditions, coldness, fall at the absolute level of the river and the temperature), the coldest and warmest rocks in Moscow and regions.
Http://meteocenter.net/weather/ - Weather of Russia from the meteorological center.
Http://www.ecomos.ru/kadr22/postyMeteoMoskwaOblast.asp - Meteorological edge (station and post) on the territory of the Moscow region. and in the southern regions (Volodymyr, Ivaniv, Kaluzko, Kostroma, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tver, Tula and Yaroslavl regions)
Http://www.ecomos.ru/kadr22/sostojanieZagrOSnedelia.asp - ecological information about the camp of the new colony center in Moscow (VDNG meteorological stations, Balchug and Tushino) and regions, over the past period.
Wind speed is measured in meters per second (m / s), kilometers per year (km / year), balls (on the Beaufort scale from 0 to 12, in Danish hours up to 13 points). The fluidity of the wind lies in the growth vise and is directly proportional to the vise: the more the vise grows (horizontal baric gradation), the more the vividness of the wind is more. The average bagatorny wind speed in the earth's surface is 4-9 m / s, slightly more than 15 m / s. In storms and hurricanes ( in the middle latitudes) - up to 30 m / s, in porous areas up to 60 m / s. In tropical hurricanes, the wind speed reaches 65 m / s, and in porous waters it can reach 120 m / s.
Directly in the window to start on the other side of the horizon, from which the window is visible. For this purpose, there are many main directions (points): N, NW, W, S, S, SE, V, C. To lay down in a vise and in the direction of the earth's wrapping.
The power to lie down in the wind from the show and show, like a dynamic grip on the surface. The force is measured in kilograms per square meter (kg / m2).
Three superbly personalities for walking, character and meaning. So, in the middle latitudes, de panuє the backward transfer, there are three backward straights (NW, W, N). These areas occupy a great deal of space - approximately from 30 to 60 ° in the skin. In the polar regions, there are three dims from the poles to the zones of low pressure of the other latitudes. In these regions, there are winter and winter conditions in the Arctic and during the winter season in Antarctica. At the same time, during the whole period of the Antarctic, on the whole from the Arctic, there are more stiff and may be great prices.
Nybilsha vіtrіv zone earthly coo It is located in tropical latitudes, de dmut passati.
On the Earth, it is windy, which collapses in a horizontal direction; on the smaller planets, the flow of atmospheric gases dominating the planets. the most powerful sleep system Sponsor on Neptune and Saturn. Sleepy wind is the flow of viryadzhennyh gases from the star, and the planetary wind is the flow of gases, which leads to the degassing of the planetary atmosphere in space... Three, as a rule, classify for the scale, flexibility, types of forces, such as victories, miscellaneous and flowing into the midst.
Vіtri klasifіkuyut, in pershu chergu, according to their strength, triviality that straight. In such a rank, porosity is taken in a short hour (decilka seconds) and a strong change of time. Strong in three average triviality (approximately 1 chilina) are called squalls. Name more trivial winds to lie down by force, for example, with such names є breeze, storm, storm, hurricane, typhoon and іn.
Three heads poured into human civilization, smelled of mythological developments, poured into historical platforms, expanded the range of trade, cultural development and warfare, supplied energy for economic development The crews of the aircrafts, which were poured for rakhunok vіtru, for the first time there was a possibility of a lot of great voyages across the seas and oceans. Crazy cooties They also collapsed for an additional wind, for the first time they were allowed to go to the top of the road, and the modern aparati vikoristovuyut for the improvement of the power and economy of fire. However, sometimes they are not safe, so the city can be victorious at the expense of control over lithuania, they are not safe, as well as the victories of them are great, on the great waters it is often to build up the scale of the life in some cases.
Three can be injected onto the shape of the profile, the shape of the shape of the soil (for example, the forest) or the erosion. The stench can carry food and drink from a kestrel on a large city. On three occasions, spreading of the roselins and additionally assisting the oversupply of molten creatures, which produce up to extended views on the new territory. Pov'yazanі z vіtrom appearances in different ways to pour on living nature.
Winning as a result of an uneven atmospheric pressure and straightening from a zone and a high vise to a zone of a low vise. As a result of an uninterrupted change of vice in the hour and space, the speed and straightforwardness change continuously. The weight of the wind changes through the change in force or rubbing.
For a visual assessment of the quality of goods, serve Beaufort scale. Meteorological direct in the middle of the day azimuth of the point, stars dme viter; todi yak aeronautical directly vіtru - kudi dme, in such a rank, the value rises by 180 °. Bagatorial guards for direct and forceful imaging at the viglyadi graph - rosi vіtrіv.
The speed of the day vimіryuyut in meters per second. When calm, the wind does not change 0 m / s. Winter, the speed of more than 29 m / s, is called a hurricane.
The most significant hurricane in Antarctica, the wind speed reached 100 m / s.
force vіtru vimіryuyut in balls, you won’t lay down in yo shvidkostі and schіlnostі povіtrya. For the Beaufort scale, the calmness is 0 points, and the maximum number of points for the hurricane is 12.
At coastal stations straight and strength wind start with a weather vane and anemometer.
Knowing the fundamental laws of the atmospheric pressure, you can set up directly the main streams of twist in the lower spheres of the Earth's atmosphere.
Rose vіtrіv(Most of them are called "Rose of the compass"), - a vector diagram, which characterizes in meteorology and klimatology, the mode is “in the given period, in the given period of the cycle of cautions and glances like a bagatokutnik, in some of the promenades, so that they diverge towards the center of the diagrams in strains stars "dme viter). Rose vіtrіv vrahovoyut during the awakening of evil-landing smogs of aerodromes, automobile roads, Planning the population of the city (pre-cultural organization of the city), the assessment of the mutual development of the population of the industrial zone (from the point of view of directly transferring the houses of the state to the industrial zone) and the stateless people of the park
Rose vіtrіv, prompted for real tributes, with caution, allowing, by some changes, the prompted bagatokutnik to viyaviti directly to the panic, or even to the wind, from the side of which it is the most frequent to come to see the desire for the tribute of the motsev. To this, the help of the Trojan horse is prompted by a number of caveats, perhaps because there are a lot of reasons for the development of new exchanges. Those who are traditionally called the "rose of vitre" in heraldry - with equal and regular distribution of changes in azimuths of sides in the light of the point - expanded meteorological pardon; As a matter of fact, the geographic significance of the main geographic azimuths in the horizons at the viglyad promenades is deprived of all geography.
Rosa vіtrіv krіm directly to the wіthrу can demonstrate the frequency of wіthrіv (discretized for the singing familiarity - per day, per month, per rіk), as well as the power of vіtru, triviality vіtru (hiline per day, hiline for a year). Moreover, there can be a number of colors for the mean values, and for the maximum values. It is also possible to set up a complex rose of vitamins, on which there will be two or more parameters in the presence of diagrams.
The vertical collapse is called a downward or downward flow.
Viter is a collapse of the wind, as it is seen parallel to the earth's surface and has a horizontal character. The head power of such a stream is imbued with the vector of its own speed. In practice, a value is a numerical value. Additional characteristics є straight and wind power. For all the criteria, there is a clasp classification.
foreign intelligence
Wind on the planet Earth is a bit of a twist, but it rushes horizontally. It is more likely that the phenomenon is promoted on the other space objects. However, in tsyu vipadku Mova already yde about the potik of atmospheric gases. So the sleepy and planetary winds are being developed.
The streams of energy on the Earth are classified according to the speed, scale, strength, flowing into the regions and regions. Prote, head characteristic as i used to go straight to the wind. Also, do not forget about this triviality. The very same criteria are used to classify in Pershu Chergu. For example, short-hour and trivial, strong and weak, etc. Squalls are called non-trivial flows. Їх triviality I will rarely change 1 chilin. In the most trivial, you can see a breeze, storm, storm, typhoon and hurricane. All stenchs are predominantly characterized by the strength of the wine. Have your own heart, the triviality of the weather can be from a bet of seconds to decilkoh months. To lay down the whole phenomenon as a result of the heating of the food particles, the peculiarities of the relief, the circulation of the atmosphere.
In small ones, there are sometimes vertical winters. The Їkh rukh is directed from the bottom to the top of the abo navpaki. Such streams are called declining or downward.
Ways to change characteristics
Schob know, which is right in the middle, you need to speed up with one of the special attachments. Leather from such tools shows the azimuth of the point to the result flow. The value is known to be in the range of 180 degrees.
The fluidity and directly in the middle can be varied with an anemometer. Tsey prilad zasosuvannya zasosuvannya in energy industry. Potency to hit the special membrane. The messages are fixed by the sensor, the data are processed and seen on the screen.
For vimіryuvannya it is directly possible vіrіyuvannya vіtrіvuvati zvychayа weather vane. Tsey іnstrument pratsyuє navіt at the smallest podih. As a result, the arrow stands right next to the wind. The hobby is to lay down like a weather vane. In the middle of the year, it varies between 2-3%. 
As soon as you use your hand, you can do it with your thumb. Just poke yo and vistaviti up the hill. Finger shvidko see the cold. In such a rank, it is possible, by virtue of the fact, that the side will fall apart. On the other hand, the technology is not suitable for hot, climatic minds.
Straight vіtru
Rukh the flow turns out to start horizontally on those sides, from which it goes. If dme on pivnich, then directly on pivdenne. Such a debris can be deposited without the middle in the force of the planet's wrapping and in the atmospheric pressure. Chim nearer streams to the surface of the Earth, Tim the stench is variable.
Yak vіdomo, water and land are warmed up with a good quality. V last hour the temperature of the surface of the earth is moving quickly. As a result of this phenomenon, it gets warmer, expands and grows lighter. At your own cherry, above the surface of the water, keep it colder. Otzhe, the streams turn out to be important and constricted. To that very side of the drive, see a cool wind. At the end of the day, streams often come from the coast. 
In one more minute, the winners can be girskaya mistsevist. For such people, dry and warmth is called "hair dryer", and strong and cold - "boru".
Classification for shvidkistiu vіtru
The characteristic is given to vimіryuєtsya in balls, or meters per second. To lay down from the so-called baric gradient. If the value is lower, the lower the flow rate. Dovidkovo: 1 point approximately 2 m / s.
It is fair to say that it is the power of the second to lie down without being in the middle. Until then, we will increase the grip of the back of the surface with the back plates, so it will be tighter. On the current day, there is a Beaufort scale, for which the force is injected into the wind:
Nypotuzhni vіtru
For some reason, the Beaufort Bull scale has been expanded by the American National Meteorological Service. Additional features will be added to the category "hurricane":
12.1 bala - strong windfall. Yogo speed becomes from 35 to 42 m / s. With a lot of winter, it’s straight forward. The ruinous inflow is extended to telegraph stations and woods. 
- 12.2 points. Such a hurricane can take up to 49 m / s. It is evident that the doors, doors and windows of the city are awaited.
12.3 points. Wind up to 58 m / s.
12.4 points. Such a windblow is characterized by a windfall of 59-70 m / s. The potency of virivation of the middle tree from the roots, which gives rise to strong pockets of mint buddies.
12.5 points. Winter with a speed of 71 m / s ruined tighter buds, including kam'yan. Gliboks of funnels will fill up on the ground. There are important objects in the sky. Believe it is inevitable.
local wind
Most of these streams are formed on the plains of the continent, or over the sea. One of the widest views is the breeze. In general, the winds are characterized by local circulation of warm food. To establish a drop in a low vice at plus temperatures. 
The speed of local winds is often changing at 4 m / s. More intensive flows go from the mountain ridges. Formation is seen on the heights, and on the other - in the valleys.
Global vіtru
Go about musons and pasats. The first type of global windows is seasonal. Win sviyu straight all 2 times for rіk. Tropical monsoons collapse from middle latitudes. The stench is very warm. Pozatropic dimness from the polar and outside latitudes, significantly lowering the temperature of the twilight.
The trade wind lies in an atmospheric vice. Most often blow from the approach. In small children, it is possible to support the school and the child. The head location is expanded є the zone of the ekvore.
Directly that speed is one of the shortest indicators of the weather. Razrіznyayut 16 straight windows (rumbіv), marked on the sides of the light. Name the number of sixteen points, or directly, the sounds of dme viter, dan in the offensive tables:
| designation | Povna name vіtru | ||
| international | rosіyske | international | rosіyske |
| N | Z | North |
pivnichny |
| NNE | CER | Nord-nord-ost | Pivnichno-zhidny |
| NE | SV | Nord-ost | Pivnichno-skidny |
| ENE | In NE | Ost-nord-ost | Skhidno-pivn_chno-skidny |
| E | V | Ost | skidny |
| ESE | SEV | Ost-pivdenny skhid | Skidno-pivdenno-skidny |
| SE | SE | Pivdenny skhid | Pivdenno-skidny |
| SSE | SE | Zuid-pivdenny skhid | Pivdenno-skidny |
| S | NS | South | pivdenny |
| SSW | Pd | Zuyd-pivdenny zad | Pivdenno-skidny |
| SW | Pd | Pivdenny zakid | Pivdenno-zhidny |
| WSW | Pd | West-Pivdenny Zayd | Wandering-skidny |
| W | Z | West | backward |
| WNW | Pd | West nord west | Wandering-skidny |
| NW | SZ | Nord-west | Pivnichno-zhidny |
| NNW | CVD | Nord-nord-west | Pivnichno-zhidny |
Vіter nazyayut according to th part of the mountainousness, signs of vіn dme. Sailors seem to be "dme in a compass". Tsey hung to lull the memory of the induced table.
Krim tsikh is the name of є. So, for example, on the Uzbek shores of the White Sea and in the area of Murmansk mіstsevі rybalki they call the "modern" Berebereznik ". Є Name your winds also on the Black Sea, the Caspian Seas and on the Volza. It is of great importance for the designation of wait until the days of the month, as it is necessary for the nobility and vrahovuvati.
If you want to go straight up the hill, you need to wipe your finger and lift it vertically up the hill. On the side of the yogo, which is brutalized to the wind, there is a cold feeling.
Directly, it is possible to see the value by the wimpel, the dim and the compass. Having turned to the accused until the wind, the compass is trimmed in front of them, a zero signal is given in front of them.
Having squeezed in such a position the sirnik or a stick to the side of the compass, you need to wonder, over the bottom of the scale you will be brought. Tse and will be that part of the horizon, the stars are dme vіter.
In order to serve the ground birds directly in the morning. The stench lands on the wind.
The speed of the wind changes to the stand (in meters or kilometers), on the yak the weight of the wind changes in 1 sec. (Godin.), And also in balls for the two-point Beaufort system. The speed of the weather changes without interruption, and more often it takes up to respect the average value for 10 min. The speed of the window is based on special attachments, and you can even see it exactly on the eye, as shown in the table below.
Viznachennya shvidkostі vіtru (according to K.V. Pokrovsky):
|
Strength vіtru |
name вітрів good strength |
Signs for assessment | speed vіtru (In m / sec.) |
speed vіtru (In km / year) |
| 0 | calm | Leaves on the trees do not wiggle, dim from the pipes go vertically, do not see the fire from the sirnik | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | quiet | Dim Trokhi sees, Ale Viter does not see accusations | 1 | 3,6 |
| 2 | light | Vіter seeks accusations, leaves on the trees prickle | 2 - 3 | 5 - 12 |
| 3 | weak | Viter hita drіbnі gіlki і kolyva prapor | 4 - 5 | 13 - 19 |
| 4 | pomirniy | Go for a medium-sized drink, go for a drink | 6 - 8 | 20 - 30 |
| 5 | fresh | You can go through the thin storms of trees and tovsti gilki, make a breeze on the water | 9 - 10 | 31 - 37 |
| 6 | strong | Goyada tovsti stovburi trees | 11 - 13 | 38 - 48 |
| 7 | mitsny | Goyadayu great trees, against the wind it is important | 14 - 17 | 49 - 63 |
| 8 | duzhe mitsny | Viter lama tovsti stovburi | 18 - 20 | 64 - 73 |
| 9 | storm | Viter to wear light buds, to bring down parkans | 21 - 26 | 74 - 94 |
| 10 | violent storm | Trees are twisted by the roots, | 27 - 31 | 95 - 112 |
| 11 | violent storm | Vіter viroblyaє great ruinuvannya, to bring down telegraph stores, wagons, etc. | 32 - 36 | 115 - 130 |
| 12 | Hurricane | Hurricane ruinu budinka, throwing kam'yani stini | over 36 | more than 120 |
The power of hvilyuvannya of the sea (lake) is based on the offensive tables (according to A.G. Komovsky):
| bali | signs |
| 0 | Absolutely smooth surface |
| 1 | There is a brigi, I do not have a slidin pini |
| 2 | Great brizhi. To pretend to be short. combs that can be repaired. Scho zalishaєtsya pina prozora. |
| 3 | Hvili become prevailed. Bila pina (rams) appear on the surface of the sea. Khvili viroblyayut yak bi rustle. |
| 4 | Chvili are lengthened slightly. Combs are broken with noise. There are numerical rams. |
| 5 | To fix the knowledge of water weights. The entire surface of the sea is covered with rams. |
| 6 | There is a brigi. The noise breaks through the combs for a moment. Z'yavlyayutsya smogs from pini right in the middle of the day. |
| 7 | The taste and the amount of food needed to grow. Razbivannya combs nagaduє rolling thunder. Bila pina approves the smog in the morning. |
| 8 | get it wrong high mountains with large and strongly spreading ridges. Combs to move over with gurcott and items. The sea has become absolutely light. |
| 9 | Burn hvil to become high on the floor, so that we see the court for a day, it is called to be destroyed in sight. Rolling comb vibrates a deafening noise. Winter start to pick up the combs of hvil, and in every turn there are vodyans |
Viter yak is the manifestation of the nature of vidomies to the skin of early childhood. We are happy with a warm welcome on a special day, ships by sea, and maybe bend a tree, and lamati dakhu on the booths. The main characteristics, such as vіter, є th speed and straight.
From the scientific point of view, in the morning it is called oversupply of the winds in the horizontal area. Such a rupture is due to the fact that there is a difference in the atmospheric vice and heat in two dots. In addition, it is necessary to re-suck from the areas of the high vise in those areas, de rivn vise is lower. As a result and winikak viter.
characteristics vіtru
In order to characterize the weather, vicoristovuyut two main parameters: straight and fluidity (strength). Directly on the side of the horizon, on the side of the horizon. It can be displayed in points, up to a 16-point scale. As far as it goes, they can be private, old-fashioned, old-fashioned, and so far away. It can also be measured in degrees, just like the meridian line. For the price scale, the value starts from 0 to 360 degrees, hid - 90 degrees, west - 270 degrees, and on day - 180 degrees. Have your own school, vimіryuyut in meters per second or in universities. Vuzol travels approximately 0.5 kilometers per year. The strength of the wind is also measured in balls, up to the Beaufort scale.
as long as the strength of the wind begins
The Bula scale was introduced into obig in 1805 rots. And in 1963 the All-Sunday Meteorological Association took over the gradation, as long as the whole day. Within the limits of 0 points, the calmness will occur, with any dim it will grow vertically uphill, and the leaves on the trees will become unruffled. The power of the wind in 4 bali is brought about by the wind, when on the surface of the water there are small flaws, there can be thin flaps and leaves on the trees. 9 points to the stormy weather, when you can bend over the big trees, the tiles are seen from the doors, the big ones are growing on the sea. I the maximum force is winding in Vidpovidno to the full scale, and itself - 12 points, brought to a hurricane. The price is a manifestation of nature, with any kind of earnest permission, it can be overwhelmed with capital budgets.
Vikoristannya sili vіtru
The power of the wind is widespread in the energy sector as one of the most important natural dzherels. For immemorial hours, people have been victorious over a whole resource. To deliver the ship's sail. Winters, with the help of some winters, can be transformed for a small victorian, widespread in quiet places, for which are characteristic of persistently strong weather. In other regions, such a manifestation is filled with strength, but it can also be used to create an aerodynamic pipe.
viter - natural phenomenon, Yake can bring satisfaction or ruinuvannya, as well as being good for people. And it is concrete that the power (or shvidkist) emerges as great as possible.