Technology for the preparation of automobile roads in China. Chinese highways will be like that. Brothers - navik
The records set by the Chinese for the development of bridges and the way to fight. Days of stench for 9 years have laid the connection for the new railway station.
1.5 years - and the place of readiness
1,500 robots and 23 excavators have delivered 3 large railroad cars from the new Nanlong line to China in a single week. At the same time, they did not only lined the road, but instead they set up a bridle for her lighting fixtures and control. yak explaining patron of the Kerivnik of the Tiesiju Civil Engineering group - the head budivelnik zaliznyts in China Zhang Daosong The project extended to the viconati in the record term of the plant, because the robots were organized into 7 brigades, which immediately vikonuvali the development. It is obvious, however, that the secret of Chinese success is not only in cloudy management.
On the right side of the technology. So, in 2016, the Chinese fired two bridges up to 100 m by 90 degrees in 1.5 years. The majestic constructions were taken to reinforce the wall, and then they were installed perpendicularly on the preparation of the support. At the same time, the route along the railway lines did not overshoot - everything went right over the cars.
And in 2015, the Chinese for 43 years picked up old people and took a new automobile 6-dark place in Pekin. Over the course of an hour, the stench rose up and apply a shade. For the new surface of the bridge, a 1300-ton structure was needed, the yaku was transported already in a ready-made viglyade. Yak, explaining the representative of the contractor, vikoristovuvalas new technology"Integral change". Reconstruction in a zvichny way took up a minimum of 2 months, a key transport junction on the Pekin's new descent, which is the 3rd Kiltsevo road, the highway to the airport and highway-101 is not possible.
The stench will be for a day
750 m for a year - this is how many new roads will be in the Middle Kingdom. All shvidkіsnі trails of the bouly are motivated for the rest of 20 rockіv! Yak has become a "Chinese road miracle" and why can't we get over the message?
"The plan for the future China has long overtaken not only us, but the whole world, - explaining" AiF " Pavlo Goryachkin, President of the Union of Engineers-Koshtorisniks... - For the liabilities of the release of alarm materials, it is just a pose of competition, to bring the Americans far behind. Simple butt: mi vipuskaєmo 79-80 million tons of cement in Rik, and Chinese - more than 1 billion tons! It is a serious indicator, more cement does not stink. They will have styles for a day, and we will have them for a day. We have laughed at the Chinese crumbs before, and the stench, like a sponge, absorbs all the new technologies. The infection is not about the manual work, if they drove out a million Chinese and the stench with shovels virilized the pit. Ні! We are talking about high-tech engineering. The current Chinese offer on its territory practically the whole range of necessary wake-up technology and possession. Chinese engineering to study in the best universities of the world, to pass an internship at the best business, and all the time to become a power. The stench of the mind, that life is one of the locomotives of the economy, that is, it is invested. The Chinese are the people of the least pratsovitiy and talanovitiy. per technological solutions it can be seen that the stench is warming up.And we have to find a way with the few pennies, like investing in your life, so you don't want to go so far. It’s great, every now and then: і technology є modern, і market of awakening materials of accusations, і engineering є, ale ... on the side of the officials: moving, paying for the future, we do not need it, all the forgotten ones are villains and crooks. Rosstat fiksu decrease in the amount of money raised by 10%. For tributes to the Vishoi Arbitration Court, for a number of bankrupts, there are people in the first ranks. Yake there can be a bootie development of a galuzi ?! "
Dodamo, in China, there are few regional officials, because of the growth of transport margins - due to the development of the economy, in particular, passenger traffic, the increase in the number of cars. The price is rich in pennies. Ale, I want the part of 1 km of the highway in our lands to be roughly equal, in the Middle Kingdom there will be 25 times more and more.
Please, deprive those who have our buddies already є bedroom projects with the Chinese. Most of the road and news corporations of the Middle Kingdom want to invest in Russia, and that means, if you need to read it, you need to read it. And not only for engineers and businessmen, but for kerivniks.
When you go to China, I will have fun, how the inhabitants of the country go on rusty bicycles, in short - on how to ride on the tricolor paths. Reality, as a matter of fact, has turned over all my ochikuvannya.
Almost from a small lyrical entrance.
Having settled in Pekin, Perche, you will remember - a place of a flood in chmaras I can. Inodі in Pekіnі really doesn’t dichati ... I tse pіvbіdi, even zmіg sche th otruyniy! Chi Winnie in a Whole Car? Without sumnіvu. Don't stink alone - shvidshe, on the right there is plenty of virobnits, like in pivnichny China without lice. Such an axis is the side of progress. Ale vlada China is able to cope with the situation over the course of a catastrophic situation.
Firstly, here and there there are lisosmugs to cleanse the food. In a different way, new standards of cleanliness are introduced for virobnists. Thirdly, Vlada seriously took up the development of "green" huge transport and ecological cleanliness of cars, which are allowed on the streets of Pekin and іnshikh most places.
What does it mean? This means that you don’t get rid of the foul auto-junk in Pekin, it is also possible to drive in cars that comply with the current environmental standards. For passenger cars, the standard is China 5, type Euro-5. My photographs were in bloom during 2012, if the norm is Euro 4.
Automobiles, such as boules, were put on the field before the introduction of strict norms, now they do not deny the right to see on the streets at the moment of the destruction of the ecological situation.
For dotrimannyam tsyogo saw the road inspectorate.
Visiting vantage transport on the day and without special permission. Cry, the owners of the pikapiv, you will not be able to go to the center of Pekin! That is not the same in the center, in the fourth circle you will not enter ...
There is a struggle against a number of cars on the roads. Pekin has 5.5 million cars. If you increase the number of cars, it is not enough to buy a car. Schob overcome traffic jams car numbers number of 240,000 pieces.
Numbers are distributed for additional special state lottery. The contribution for participation is about 8000 rubles on our pennies. In general, in the country, close to 3% of the total number of participants are playing scrupulously. As long as the budget is allowed, then the rooms can be bought without a billboard - it will cost you 100,000 yuan, that is, more than 800,000 rubles. In China, for a qiu bag, you can get a whole decent new car.
However, not everything in the pekinskiy struggle with traffic: with the paired remaining digit of the number, you can go on guys, and navpaki. For multi-city auto-graders go to Pekin in special permission. Such zhorstki do not come in to the number of popular, ale hostile effect - traffic jams in the giant metropolitan area may not be.
Those who do not have a car, ride bicycles, and, more often than not, ride on electric bikes.
Sometimes it is possible to install electric motorized carriages.
In general, the Moscow trend is similar to the Moscow one, only mopeds are larger: the Chinese love good cars, and the car of small brands on the roads, which are not so big.
Native "Chinese" develop little more than we do. Three local brands are often welcomed by Chery and Great Wall.
Then Audi, Mercedes, BMW - on skin pink.
Most popular models of famous brands are circulated in the territory of China (for example, the "Merc" has a tse E, C and GLK-class), and are imported. Mati importne auto - spravzhn_y chic, even more expensive than the "misce one".
P'yatirka BMW, Audi A6 and Mercedes E-class are especially popular in sub-versions, which are not on the market.
Rolls-Royce is the best choice for Chinese.
The "American" Buick brand is for middle-level officials.
The taxi services have a popular Hyundai and VW Passat of another generation (Santana). Such cars were produced in China until the end of 2013.
Behind the boundaries of Pekin, the grip of environmental norms is weak.
The law for passenger cars is prescribed by the norms China 4 (Euro 4), ale yak vi rozumite, it is pricey to know about reestablished cars. Along with the norms China 2 (Euro 2) for passenger cars, boules were introduced in China only in 2004 ... Moreover, for vantage transport with diesel engines, the norms Euro-4 were introduced only in the current 2015, and until the end of 2007 they were Euro 3. So talk about the ecological cleanliness of Chinese cars behind the boundaries of the most places you can cleanly finish, but all one in some cases, for example, with the Russian car fleet, China, mindlessly, played in the whole food.
Now about the roads. Chinese - Maystri Budivnistva. Roads in China are simply miracles, you can't navigate the European Autobahn to see them. Accepted 30 years of that and supported by 50 years of the federal program for the development of road infrastructure and demonstrating greater success.
Wide highways and grandiose bridges will be in a record-breaking term, at the same time - at the height, so as a visitor will not be able to keep track of saving the road for about ten years. While early for the failure of "socialist standards" in China are even stricter, so there are roads to be seen.
Suvore took the simple, aleeffective technological rules to rob the Chinese roads by shortening them quietly, but they brought bachiti to me. Metal reinforcement should be laid on a fluffy pillow with gravel and a piece of metal, as a ball is poured into concrete. After hardening, asphalt is laid on the concrete. Result: compare with Chinese people only on the Italian Autobahn (beautiful in Europe). At the same time, the overall mechanization is minimal. The dude in the white shirt is obviously trying to be a robot.
There are a lot of toll roads, but here є you pay for it.
Justice for the sake of justice - hole repair can be developed, ale up to conscience. The axis is applied to the whole sign of the working type, there are all the problems that can be transferred to the adhesion material of the patch.
The very road in pivnichny China viglyadaє so, even ordered the laying of the current autobahn.
China's strict control over the shift of transport means on the territory of China. Automatic cameras were installed at all crossings and backs. If a penalty is imposed on one of the shvidkisnogo regime, a penalty ball is a burden. In total, 12 penalty points are allowed for the risk, and even more - the right to select and reintroduce passes and starts.
Speed know the car from the back, that is a lot of driving to go to the trick, or to end the numbers with ganchis, or to insert CDs into the number frames. Nichol not shit?
Fortunately, cunning spratsovuyut is far from expecting. The whole Lexus was spied on the mischief ...
And behind the tsim vlasnik Camry with gold nameplates on my eyes, a bullet is flared up.
Needless to say, passenger cars on highways are practically dumb. Mabut, the infrastructure is prompted by such a rank, so it’s not necessary for the Chinese to go somewhere outside their area, because it’s just expensive. So, the most frequent on the roads, there are expensive cars, as they are ready to go to sleep.
Road agitatsiya duplicated on English mov... Tsikavo, now? If you are in a country with a Kermo, you need to get rid of the Chinese rights, and also to use the superwire from the small KDB.
At the vidminu of passenger cars, all vantages and buses are of international brands. In the middle of the buses the popular Higer and King Lion. Normal buses, comfortable.
Among the vantage cars are often FAW and Foton, similar to Mercedes, Scania, Volvo.
Inodi, however, you can beat the deyak like "Americans".
Absolutely all the fury of the world go to the wild, behind the Russian worlds, to be re-entangled. It is also seen that in China there are no standards for mounting and dimensions. Well, if the stink is okay :)
It is especially important to deliver auto transporters, on top of which cars stand in two rows.
On vantazhivkah to carry everything here. Build a diesel locomotive.
The first are non-micronized designs.
And it’s very important, on vantages to take vantages, yak, to your own house, you can also carry vantages ...
On the streets of provincial towns - shtovkhanin and povny ignor PDR.
There are a lot of cars here for motor transport - on the streets there are vantages and pikapi.
Cars are parked everywhere on the sidewalks, bypassing and informing about the previous part. The first center of the place!
And yet, on the streets of the same center, you can create ruins and buy smittya.
All tse perfectly sposterіgati, standing in a dull probtsі. Pekin is so dumb!
Before the word, the Harbin buv of the Russian language, and on the cob of the 19th century itself, there was a very large Russian community beyond the borders of Russia ...
In the wilderness provinces, taxis are often not “branded”, but rather old, truly “Chinese”.
On the "Chinese" here go to the police.
Vantages are not made in accordance with any of the norms.
Self-made condo - tsikave technical solution.
The rules of transportation are not grossly violated - there are no rules.
And the axle і dovgooichіkuvanі tricolіsnі cars! Such aparati are two main types, skinny viglyadsє, in their own way, enchanting:
Lightweight ...
... and vantage.
Yak_st vikonannya zmushuє let go, scho in deyaky vyadki vypadtsіya handicraft virobniztva, or just self-box. Soon the stench will go to history. Х mісce borrow already normal cars.
The most popular city transport in the wilderness of China is motorized carriages, which can be used to know the tuk-tuki in Pivdenno-Skhidniy Asia.
Guzhovy transport in China is a great variety, but it is still possible to develop.
Well, it’s awfully good, in villages it’s normal guys ride tractors.
silska gas station
At a roadside cafe, you can have a tasty snack for the unjust
At the store, you will be instructed to have a set of spare parts for the overhaul of your vantage, which is called, does not come from the case.
Why should I tell you about driving a car in China? Trim: for 2 cars, in all 2 minor road incidents, such as an accident, it is not possible to name it.
Obviously, why the Chinese will read it ...
Would you like the text? Read the best prices from my trip in China:Throughout Russia, at once with a snow in the spring, having poured the asphalt. Vlada for the hundredth time vіzmut "conquer the budget", laying the asphalt hto in the snig, hto in the brood, and htos almost laying the asphalt in the planks. Naturally, such asphalt will fall apart through a few months, and the road will be repaired again. All melodiously chuli are like miracles of the road in Europe. So let's know how to stink the roads in the Czech Republic.
Also, what are the reasons for the development of the roads in the Czech Republic? Pretty much.
paragraph first
1) Buried lines. Only the company that won the tender won the road. That is, it is not possible to win the tender and then re-order the laying of asphalt in the іnshіy company.
point other
2) Roads are divided into 4 classes (categories). A guarantee is assigned according to the skin category. When the road collapsed - the road was repaired behind the sv_y rakhunok.
1. Small roads in parks, squares, roads. 5 rockiv
2. Silska roads and low-availability roads. 7 rock_v.
3. Regional roads that lead to the place. 8 rock_v.
4. Federal, high-availability roads. 10 rock_v.
third point
3) Firm Mayut class from 1 to 4, depending on the category of the road.
Maintenance and repair of the road - the efficiency of the fall before the license. In order to revoke the license, the company is guilty of the mother on the balance of ownership (that is, its own ownership) plus the number of personnel, incl. nvchenogo, with diplomas. All are repaired in class 1, so that all new forms may be able to work only on roads in parks. The improvement of the class is possible only after a successful passage of the guarantee term. For the improvement of class, business, it is necessary to purchase additional property and hire additional personnel. Yakshko stretching out the guarantee term, the road will grow out - the farm of crops is bound to repair the road behind its own rakhunok. If there is a way to grow, the company may not be promoted in class, but it may be called low, but if it is necessary to add a license and add it to the black list. Firm to raise the price of a license and class, for that, if the stench of fiddling is, they will no longer have a replacement. Road construction companies as a rule are old for 20-50 years. In tenders, the main value is the price and guarantee, the company can only provide a state guarantee term. Let's say that 5 rock is substituted for 7 rock.
Acceptable:
1 class - 1 skating rink 5 OSIB
2nd class - 2 buckets, grader, scraper, asphalt paver, grizzlyk, 15 OSIB
3rd class - 3 buckets, 2 buckets with vibrations, grader, scraper, 2 asphalt pavers, 2 screens, 30 parts
4th class - 5 buckets, 4 buckets with vibrations, 2 graders, 2 scrapers, 4 asphalt pavers, 4 screens 60 osib
Quarters and paragraphs
4) Gromadsky control. There are 3 sideways spasters to run behind the road bed: one way miscellaneous self-priming(Like our senior in the booth), another form of the motor vehicle union (our NGOs are of the blue type, only there is a lot of smell and in the skin village), the 3rd form of the road trade union, (as a matter of fact). The dermal representative sees the protocol, as if I want ONE representative not to be grounded, or if the road has been repaired - the farm of gobs is tied to a dilenck for a sv_y rakhunok.
5) Roads will be buoyed and repaired vlіtku, fіrmi run after the forecast wait. For the laying of asphalt in the boards - the license is accepted.
First and second point
6) Pit repairs are possible only for a team and a time. Vygrizaniye of holes and laying them with asphalt are responsible for butti rupture in ONE day. With a lot of walls and the bottom of the hole in the old asphalt, they are roasted with a special pallet, the new asphalt stuck more deeper to the old one. Through the road with patches, I will repair, scorching asphalt to gravel and build up new ones. The sticks of the old and the new dilyanka are heated with a special stick to a plastic stun, which is not like a cordon.
7) Take an hour to overhaul the road POVNISTYU. Automobiles use dubious routes, there are a lot of them.
China
In China, more than half of the cost of crushed concrete. If concrete is cheaper, then concrete is more expensive, we in Russia should accept offense options.
І for the remainder
Wonderfully and unreasonable in Russia, unaffected by spending the budget in millions of rubles through the rotten roads for 25 rubles news history nothing changed.
It’s a good idea to see pennies for officials to repair and build a road because it stinks. Why would such regions, as not be able to work on the road, do not overwhelm their finances? Do not order a penny - on offensive rik otrimaєte 0. Do not get a penny otrimayut tі hto CAN work the road.
For example, in Omsk there are roads that are unaffected by high-flown inflows. - it means that Omsk is not guilty of repairing roads for repairs, so officials show their lack of publication in the whole food. It’s a penny to blame for that region, which can rob the road and the road to Omsk.
Sens from our MVS, FSB, GRU, FSO, the prosecutor's office, the Rakhunkov's chamber, and the other public and special departments and services, because it stinks that there is no way to control such a simple process and how to process the road ??? Sami f go on tsikh roads ble @ t !!!
P.S. Asphalt is robbed of oil, sand and crushed stone. Aje mi naphtha power! We have plenty of naphtha and crushed stone !!! And de roads, then ???
Spostering on the road twists and turns in our land, it is impossible not to ask for food, but how can you go about the toll roads in China? Is it densely populated at the descent and economically, is it the problem of the maintenance of highways and services? And how can the powers and motorists do it?
Chinese toll road maє throughput from 25 yew. up to 100 yew. cars in rіk. Vona has two straight lines with a razdilnik, as a minimum for two smuga on a skin straight, in and out, point control. Cars collapse in the middle winter 120 km / year. Expensive in China, as in Taiwan, in Korea, USA, Canada and Japan, green color. Until the 90s in Hong Kong, it was blue, like in Great Britain, and later it was replaced with greenery.
In China, the development of such roads is carried out in parallel with the development of ancient routes. Unimportant for those with a toll road to be safe and 60-70% more expensive, the uryad is more important, but for the sake of social interest it is necessary to propose a popular alternative to all the verses of the population. Besides toll roads - lishe chastina backbone systems for the development of all-purpose regions at the beginning of the country.
Dzherelo: map.ps123.net Industrialization and urbanization reached China very well. At the beginning of the boom of the road transport business, it fell on the 30th rock of the 20th century. Persh for all thought the future of such roads in Taiwan - in 1970 rots. Until 1988, mainland China had only 100 km of high-speed motorways. In 2015, the figure reached 123,000 km. Tempi Budivnistva in 1998-2005 drove 4 500 km to the river, and this year - 6 600 km to the river. It is also linked not only with new technologies, but with the increased flow of investments. In 2013, 72.97 billion yuan were invested in the project for the development of paid highways. Leather invested 100 million yuan, resulting in 3,900 workforce.
Vitrati on a 1 km road in China will store 30 million yuan. In high-mountainous areas and above the sea Uzbeks - 40 million yuan and more. From the hardened project to the implementation of the object in operation, it will take approximately 3-5 years, from some up to 8 years. A part of a vitrat will pay off for a ride on a new route, and an іnsha part - for a ride on a sovereign pidtrimka. The period of payback in the middle is 8-10 years, and the period of exploitation is 25-30 years. In the United States, the term of service goes up to 40 rubles.
Krim investment, state of affairs, anti-monopoly control, plan to rob, engage legislative basis, Perevirkoyu and visual, control of quality and attention to the minds of pratsi, as well as to follow the cultural and ethical norms on the basis of technical support. As a rule, one control instantiation is brought to the provincy; For safety on the road, there is a police and transport police, as it is easy to drive one by one. The companies from the provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and Fujian have recommended themselves well to the side of the sovereign bodies to repent.
For the sake of fairness, pay for travel on highways on highways using a non-pinned electronic car payment system (ETC, Electronic Toll Collection). The system is highly efficient, which is an automatic barrier with a scanner, which will determine the number of the vehicle, which will be stuck in the public light, positively adding to the speed of service on the noise reduction in the road market.
In 1995, the technology was taken up for storage in China, in 1996 a special committee for the expansion and storage was established. The system was violated in a step-by-step manner, so the possession of a change in the payment was made: a live cashier and a soulless scanner were sent to the vibrator. Also, in the context of the experiment, the boules were prompted to pass the checkpoints with a barrier and without, with payment at once, or written, according to the photo.
In the first place, UTS has been stuck on popular routes in Pekin, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces. The experiment has shown that the technology is ma vrazliv programmatically secure And also provoking traffic jams and obstructing traffic in the machines of buying cars. In addition, everywhere there is a vimag to awake and clear points. Up to the plus points of the system, they meet the relevance of the current standards, the reliability of the information, the practicality, the systemicity, the scale, as well as the possibility of complementing the technology and the lack of gaps in the future. Yearly retinue of automatic line control of the loan in the middle up to 4 seconds.
Autotrace on about. Hainan. Photo: Anton Zhida A subscription card for payment of travel on shvidkisnyh roads can be issued for a month, a pivroku chi rik, and you can pay without a fee after the fact. In the Pekin district, travel on such a road will cost 0.4 yuan per 1 km, on some routes - up to 2 yuan / km. On deyakie roads, one-time payment is contracted when driving from the highway - from 10 to 30 yuan. The road from Pekin to Fuzhou (1898 km) by car (up to 7 months) will cost 960 yuan. This is a system of payment for functionalities between places and all over the world.
If only one place in China is not suitable, the system of checkpoints does not become stagnant since 1991, - the island of Hainan. There is a "tribute for shvidkіsnі routes" as well as contributions from the part of the palnoe, yak vishche, lower on the mainland, mayzhe on the yuan. At the time of this writing, the 93rd gasoline in Xiamen cost 5.54 yuan per liter, the 97th - 5.92 yuan, and in Haikou - 6.68 and 7.08, it is obvious.
At first glance, you can build up that the development of highways in China will be able to get through without any bureaucratic problems, and new systems will pay off with a bang. In the upcoming publications, we will try to get back to you, China will be faced with some problems when there are new highways, and how many problems will come to you.
Інші publications about Chinese roads Oh:
: Where do you go from toll roads in China?
Articles about roads in China: history of motorways, like roads in China will be at once, secrets of the ministry and modernity of Chinese roads. In the statistics, there is a video about those, like the Chinese, there will be roads.
Зміст statty:
Roads for China have become a symbol of success of their own sovereign policy, Directly on the change of the land. It is important to respect the qualities and qualities of modern highways, as they permeate the entire land and allow them to visit with ease.
"Old" China, centuries ago, became an unrepentant land, which was based on the agrarian-organized economy. The communist party esteemed, that there is a number of more pressing food for the development of the state, but there is no need for future development.
As a result, the country was in the lower ranks of the rating of the country for the length of roads with asphalt pavements. In 1949, all transport and automobile arteries of the country in the sum became 80 thousand kilometers.
The area of road traffic was very insignificant - for 100 square kilometers of area it was less than 0.8 kilometers.
In the photo: the road in China in the 30s
As a result of the establishment of the People's Republic of China, a course has been set for the renewal of the huge war state gratitude. It is necessary to build up internal connections, and for all the necessary roads.
Until 1952, the length of main lines up to 126,700 kilometers extended to the Chinese district.
In the 1950s, the lands of the land were in demand for the expansion of the adjoining economic zone, yak pulled along the development of the near-Cordon, previously unclaimed areas. The scale of the economy was shocking - new roads were laid in importantly accessible regions of the country, and the development of roads in the border regions began to develop. At the time of the boule, the main lines were laid from Sichuan to Tibet, from Qinghai to Tibet.
The winners of the communal statehood are very much stronger than the defense-building of the land and the mobility of the change. To that, in defense purposes, the buoyant roads were broken down on the first gathering, on the first trip, on the coastal smoothies of the People's Republic of China.
The growth of the economy of calls before the end of the 1950s, the long distance of the roads with solid coverage grew up to 500,000 kilometers.
1960s rocky boules was marked by an uninterrupted large-scale development of transport routes. The emphasis is on the improvement of technical re-equipment, we continue to road pokrittyam prodovuvala zrostati. There are roads to the pokrittyam, which is a great and nimble class, which will allow the development of values.
The middle of the 70s was marked by the renewal and expansion of the highway from Qinghai to Tibet. As a result of the overhaul, the main line became the first asphalt road in the light, so high above the sea level.
Photo: Qinghai-Tibet road
I’ll look at the folding relief of the architecture of the Middle Kingdom and the cultural tradition, in parallel with the development of road traffic, it’s necessary and the legs of the bridges, like the bullets, fit into the classical Chinese.
At the end of the period there is a rise in the so-called "Chinese specifics" - arched structures made of stone, galvanized concrete and beams with volodyne vigines, vitreous in front of them.
For thirty years since the beginning of the PRC, unaffected by the difficult development of the economy, the road economy has been developing, demonstrating stable growth. Until the end of the 1970s, the roads reached a length of 900,000 kilometers, which meant a mid-range "priest" of the roadbed of 30,000 kilometers. The size of the road for growing up, storage for 100 square kilometers, is 9.3 kilometers.
The reassessment of the role of transport arteries at a decent level called for active robots and on lower ponds vlady, the propaganda machine is "turned on", like a call to all spivgromadyans before, if the land wants to be prosperous and rich, then there are good roads for all needs.
The krayny uryad has begun to plan for the development of rounded lines of state power and shvidkіsnіh national autoshlahіv. At the plan of the bullet, the presence of the key meta, and the road to її reached, breaking into the stage. At the same time, the scale of the road life is not well-developed, and the quality of the road is polished.
We have created a special standard for the quality of the roadbed, which has been touched down by a poor quality.
The winners of the high-class roads have re-created the road galuz in the same way. The financing of the grandiose road project has become aware of the change, and the dzherela has become an additional penny.
Krym sum, which is seen from the sovereign and local budgets, bully introduced excise taxes on the tax. In 1984, the State Government of the Republic took the decision to advise zbir for servicing the road and starting to collect innovations for the purchase of a car. It was allowed to steal pennies for travel on highways of high quality.
Since 1985, the legislative acts, which will ensure the stability of the financing of the "budgetary capital", have become stuck, as from the horn of prosperity. In a row, it zoomed to the end of the road to reach the distance of 1,350,000 kilometers, while the distance of 14 kilometers per 100 square kilometers. Roads of a different category grew from 1.3% in the late 1970s to 12.5% by the turn of the 21st century.
The mill of the central roads, where the place is ringing, turning. The growing number of rural and occasional roads, which became more beautiful, the provinces proudly sounded about the constant laying of asphalt on all roads from a different class and new technologies. At the pidsumku, it was called before that, in all the provinces of the country in large settlements, including small villages, there were built roads.
Photo: girskaya road in China
Shvidkіsnі main lines have become the most beautiful image of road traffic. If in 1988 they launched the first short motorway with a length of 18.5 kilometers from Jiadin-Shanghai, they tried it, having crossed over in the hope and correctness of technology.
For ten years of business, China has been robbed, developed lands not less than forty rock_v were stained. The level of road traffic is from a primitive shovel and wheelbarrow, fastened to a bicycle, virobniki to high-tech road technology. The growth of the people of the PRC and the prosperous in the plan of economic development by the countries is very fast.
The appetite to come before the hour is ...
In the photo: the current state of the road in China
At the present moment, the rate of growth of multi-lane roads in China will be close to 30,000 kilometers, and the technology, like a field in the laid concrete slabs, is poured with concrete from the top, guaranteeing a 25-year “term of accessibility” in the minds of an uninterrupted experience.
I will look at the suvority of the Chinese legislation, for the viconavtsov of the road traffic robots are transferred to the point of failure in the breakdown of the standards of operation for the entire guarantee term. While early suvory, then, like a legacy, the roads are miracles.
Tempi growing roads of the Middle Kingdom have reached fantastic properties. On the cob of the XXI century of travel, 10,000 kilometers were prompted. Two years later, there were already 20,000 kilometers, in 2008 it was 60,000 kilometers, and in 2013, China already had 4 million kilometers of motorways, out of ten of which were made by such highways!
Until 2020, the fate of the road in China for the decisions of the road is guilty of becoming at least 3,000,000 kilometers.
The Chinese demonstrated a serious performance by adopting the Transport Development Program (until 2015). By the way, the whole land was permeated with a lot of shvidk_snyh highways, with all the places from the populations, with a turnover of 200,000 people.
On a current day in China there are over 300,000 bridges, from which over a thousand may be more than a kilometer long. Seven Samy found bridges light, before the speech, these are on the territory of China!
Often in the yakost_ the butt is placed, recently. A port in Shanghai could accept large-tonnage ships, a special port would be built on a dry island, and an eight-mile road was built across the bridge to which one in the mainland, and it was 32.5 kilometers long! The business was three rocky, for the whole term, there was no motivation for the places, equipment for pokritty and illumination.
Photo: Mist Donghai
For a number of obvious automobile roads, the country has sat in another place in the world, and at the same time, all the shipped highways have been victorious for only 20 years.
Vlada at all levels trims the status of control, if she wants a penny for a new one from the pidryadniks. The state will pay for the officer’s robot if it’s not necessary that the robot has been built. Moreover, any adjustments to the price and withdrawal for the limit of the established sum of the contract are not allowed.
The visibility of business is rich in what is the result of such a policy, even if the road is prompted, the investment will turn around.
3 sum - for ten days the Chinese will travel about the style, but the entire road service of Russia "poduzhila" for 2008 rik.
"Secret Ingredіnt" Chinese Budіvelnikіv
Photo: bagatorivneva connection in Shanghai
China has a lot of money to wrap up, yaka go to the front of the necessary infrastructure. Roads will be mapped out for the last word of technology, such a rite of minayuchi contribution to the innovation for the next hour.
In the period from 2005 to 2010, investment in the fringe of high-tech national autoshafts was up to $ 18 billion, but now, if all the highways are moving, they have changed, the storage capacity is 12 billion. crim of the italians.
Technological rules to curb China's roads with the most beautiful ones. Head-up - follow a simple and effective budgeting scheme:
- a fluffy pillow with a sack and gravel get covered;
- lay down on top of the metal reinforcement;
- everything is poured with concrete;
- concrete will sink into the asphalt ball.
Yak organized rukh
Whether the change in transport and transport modes on the territory of the country is permanently controlled:
- cameras are installed everywhere;
- a one-time violation of the shvidk_snogo regime to add a penalty point to the dossier of the water;
- in rik it is permissible to score 12 points, if you enter more - you will free up the rights and lead to the changeover;
- Inozems cannot be carried by cars.
- China - 2.9;
- Brazil - 3.6;
- Russia - 13.
China has adopted a vivchati vitrati of the light road market, for which it is twice as small to display the sumy to the contractors in the middle of the country. Payment is carried out only for the fact of a vicious robot, and I can only manage to build the comic itself, which does not base itself on the darlings.
The contractor is self-insurance to the vibuduvanu main line, repairs are carried out from insurance houses.
Highways in China
In the photo: 50-swarthy road in China
Most of the main lines of the Middle Kingdom are without kostevny. There are two types of payloads:
- state (budget);
- commercial (special).
visnovok
The development of the economy is uncomfortable without the manifestation of good autos. China does not spoil anything special, I want to call it economically not a miracle. The state program is well thought out, multiplied by a system of adequate punishment and money, knowing the financing is the axis of the warehouse part of the success of China in the future!
Video about those like Chinese people will be roads: