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§12. Natural zones and Earth. Natural zones and amid and arctic latitudes. Tvarinny svit to complete the deznomanitny. Z kopitnykh - bezoar goat, mouflon, wild donkey onager, from hijakiv - caracal, smugasta gina. Grizuni - khovrashki, jerboas, babaki. geographically

latitude zonality- the regular change of physical and geographical processes, components and complexes of geosystems from the adequacy to the poles. The latitude of the zonality is encumbered by the swelling shape of the Earth's surface, in which case there is a change in action from the point of view of the poles to come to some warmth.

whimsical explanation- a natural change of natural minds and landscapes in the mountains in the world of growth of absolute visibility. A good explanation is explained by the changing climate with the height: the fall with the height of the temperature and the increase in the number of fall and atmospheric waste... The vertical clarification must be respected from this horizontal zone, in which the Girska Land is located. The belt changes as a whole, as a horizontal zone, to the area of the polar regions. Inodі zasosovuyut mensh more precisely naming "vertical clarity". It is inaccurate that the belts are not vertical, but horizontally stretched і change one one along the height (Figure 12).

Malyunok 12 - Visotna clarification in the mountains

natural zones - a whole range of natural and territorial complexes in all the middle geographic zones of the land, which adapt to the types of connection. In the development of natural zones in the belt, a great role is played by the development of natural zones, the youngsters and the absolute visoti - the girski bar'ers, who block the path to the flowing stream, take the great wines of the natural zones on the greater continental.

Natural zones and equatorial and subquatorial latitudes. zone vologicheskikh ekvatorialnyh lisіv (gіleї) roztasovana in the belt of the equatorial climate with high temperatures (+ 28 ° C), and a great number of fallen trees stretching all the way (more than 3000 mm). The most widespread zone was cut off in Pivdenniy America, De Zimaє Amazon Basin. In Africa, they grow up in the basin of the Congo, in Asia - on the island of Malacca and the islands of Great and Mali Zondki and Nova Guinea ( Figure 13).

The green foils are thick, very important, grow on red ferrous soils. Lies are seen in the form of species: a great number of palms, lian and epiphytes; vdovzh of the sea uzberezhzhy widened mangroves. Trees in such a list are hundreds of species, and the stench grows in a few tiers. It is a lot of them to bloom and bear fruit round rik.

Tvarinniy svit also get a good deal of development. A large number of bags are attached to life on trees: mavi, linivtsi and ін. Three terrestrial creatures are characterized by tapiri, hippos, jaguari, leopardi. Even more abundant ptahiv (papugi, colibri), svit svit plazunov, amphibians and coma.

Savan і rіdkolіssya zone roztasovan in the subquatorial belt of Africa, Australia, Pivdennoy America. The climate is characterized by high temperatures and dry and dry seasons. Soils of a natural color: red and red-brown or red-brown, which accumulate in half of the gold. Due to the lack of growth, there is an endless sea of grasses with small trees and chagarniki. The village grows lonely to act in small grasses, the head rank of high-growing cereals, which reach only 1.5-3 meters in height. In American shrouds, the number of species of cactus and agave is widened. Until the dry period, there were some trees, which could be stored in a vologue or vaped. Central African baobabi, Australian eucalyptus, Indian American dance tree and palm trees. Bagatiy і versatile creature light. The main specialty tvarinnogo svitu shroud - the number of birds, hoarders and the appearance of great hijaks. Roslinnity of spriy is an extension of the great herbaceous and hut savtsiv, ptahiv, plasun, coma.

zone wintry deciduous leaves Right off the bat, on the off-duty and on the weekday framing the giley. Here, widening is typical for Giley of vichgreens of hard leaves, so I see, it is common to throw off the leaves; to form laterite chervoni and zhovtі soil. Tvarinny light of bagacy and versatile.

Natural zones and tropical and subtropical latitudes. At the tropical belt zone of tropical kestrels. The climate is tropical willow, hot and dry, the soil is slightly saline, often saline. Roslinnity on such grounds of a small grain: ridkisnі zhorstki grasses, prickly chagarniki, saltwort, lichens. Tvarinny light is rich in dewdrops, for that plazuny (snakes, lizards) and komakhs, it’s a trivial hour to spend without water. Зсавців - kopitnі (gazelle antelope і ін.) At the dzherel vodi roztashovani oasis - "plami" life in the middle of the dead empty spaces. Here grow fіnіkovі palms, oleandri.

In the tropical zone, there is also zone of vologic and winter-vologic tropical forests. Vona was formed in the inner part of the Holy America, in the private and old-fashioned parts of Australia. Climate inology with steadily high temperatures and a great number of falloffs, as they fall before the hour of the monastic boards. On chervono-zhovti and red soils grow green-green foils, bagati behind a species warehouse (palms, ficusi). Stinks are similar to Equatorial Lisy... Tvarinny light bagatiy and versatile (mavpi, papugi).

Subtropical hard leaves of green foils and chagarniki typical for the backyard part of the continent, the middle sea climate: hotter and dry summer, warm and woody winter. Brown ryunti can be very vivid and vicious for the processing of valuable subtropical cultures. During the period of intensive sleepy viprominuvannya inoculation before the appearance of the roslin on the hard leaves with wax nalot, which can change the viparovannya. Hard leaves of virgin green foils embellish laurel, wild olives, cypress, yew. On the great territories of the stench of Virubans, і іх places they occupy fields of grain crops, orchards and vineyards.

Zone of Vologic subtropical forests roztashovana on the descent of the continent, de climat subtropical monsoon. Fall off vipadayut vlіtku. Foxes are thick, green, broadleaf and green, grow on red earth and zhovtozem. Tvarinny svit r_znoman_tniy, be found vedmids, deer, goats.

Zones of subtropical steppes, for example expanded by sectors in the inner regions of the mainland. In the Pivdenniy American steppe they call it pampa. Subtropical dry with hot lith and acceptable warm winter klimat of allowing the growth of dry grasses and cereals (polin, kovila) on gray-brown steppe and brown barren soils. Tvarinny light grows in species versatility. Three types of hovrahi, jerboas, geyrani, kulani, jackals and ginny. Numerical lizards, snakes.

Natural zones and surrounding latitudes include zones and kestrel and napivpustel, stepiv, lisstepu, lisiv.

Empty and empty outside latitudes occupy large areas near the inner regions of Eurasia and Wine of America, Insignificant territories in Pivdenniy America (Argentina), de climate is very continental, dry, with cold winter and hot summer. On the gray-brown deserted soils, there is a lack of growth: steppe coppice, polin, camel thorn; in lowlands on saline soils - hodgepodge. In the breeding ground, they feed lizards, snakes, turtles, jerboas, saiga antelopes.

steppe occupy great territories in Eurasia, Pivdenniy and Pivnichniy America. They call interruptions in Pivnichniy America. The climate of the steppes is continental, arid. Through the failure of the growth of the tree and the growth of herbs (kovila, fescue and іnshі cereals). In the steppes, nairoduchіshі runts - black earths are formed. There is a lot of growth in the steppes of the grain, and in a short hinge, there is no space for it; lilia, tulips, poppies. Tvarinny light of the steppes of performances in the main mishams, hovrashkas, homyaks, as well as foxes, tkhora. The nature of the steppes is rich in what has changed under the influx of people.

On a private day from the steppes, the zone forest-steppe. The central zone is crossed, the paths to the forest are interspersed with large expanses, covered with grassy vegetation.

Zones of broad-leaved and green leaves represented in Eurasia, Pivnichniy and Pivdenniy America. Climate, when passing from the oceans to the middle of the continent, changes from the sea (monsoon) to the continental. Growth is inevitable in the climate. The zone of broad-leaved leaves (beech, oak, maple, linden) goes into the zone of green leaves (pine, yalina, oak, hornbeam, etc.). For the first time from the distance to the continent, coniferous species (pine, yalina, yalitsya, modrina) are widened. Among them, there are also many leafy species (birch, wasp, willow).

Soils in broad-leaved forest are brown, in dark forest - sod-pidzolic, in taiz - pidzol and frozen taiga. Practical for all forest areas pomirny belt typically wider pain.

Even more versatile tvarinniy light (deer, boar vedmed, rice, wild boar, goat and in.).

Natural zones and subpolar and polar latitudes. lisotundraє a transitional zone from the leaves to the tundra. The climate in cich latitudes is cold. The soils are tundra-gleyovy, pidzolic and peat-boggy. Roslinnіst іdkolіssya (neviskі modrini, yalina, birch) step by step move to the tundra. Tvarinny light of performances with slugs of lisova i tundra zones(Polar owls, lemings).

tundra characterized by treelessness. Klimat with a trivial cold winter, sirim and cold flow. Tse to produce up to strong freezing of the ground, to form permafrost. Viparovannya here is small, organic speech does not rise, and as a result, swamps become established. Moss, lichens, low grasses, dwarf birches, willows and willows grow on the humus tundra-gley and peat-bog soils of the tundra. Behind the nature of the tundri, there is moss, lichen, chagarnikov. Tvarinniy svit bіdniy (pіvnіchny deer, arctic fox, owls, pies).

Arctic (Antarctic) Kestrel Zone roasted in polar latitudes. Through the arch of a cold climate with low temperatures stretching all the way through the great land areas covered by ice hockey players. The soil is not susceptible to damage. On the wilderness of the ice, the dalyankas roztashovani kam'yanisty heaths with even thinner and dewy growth (moss, lichens, water growth). Polar birds settle on the skeletons, creating "birds of the bazaar". At Pivnichniy America there is a great store of creature - vivcebik. The natural mind in Antarctica is more so. Pingwines, storms, cormorants nest on Uzbeks. Whales, seals, ribs live in Antarctic waters.

Basic food. In natural areas, such as latitudes in the main development of the territory of the winter continents? Do you see a change of natural zones in the mountains?

Natural zones and surrounding latitudes. For the other latitudes, the characteristic natural zones kestrel, stepіv, lisіv. (Vivchіt on cards їх roztashuvannya)(Small)

Empty spaces and empty spaces around latitudes occupy large areas in the inner regions of Eurasia and Pivnichnoy America, insignificant territories in Pivdenniy America (Argentina). climatRisko continental, Dry, with a cold winter, hot summer and a small number of fallen . On brown and gray-brown wilderness soils, there is little growth - steppe coppice, meadows and saltwort, camel thorn, in lowlands on saline soils - saltwort. In the tvarinny svіtі they re-feed plazuns (lizards, snakes, turtles), saigas, gryzuns ... (Vivchit rice from a handful)

steppe occupy great territories in Eurasia, Pivdenniy and Pivnichniy America. klimat stepiv continental, dryth... Through the failure of the incidence of incriminating grass coverings (kovila, fescue and іnshі cereals) and from the outside of the tree. As a result of the choric death and decomposition of the grass cover in the steppes, the natural soil was formed: black earth. The stench is strong rosorani. ( Explain why the new soil was formulated here?) There is a lot of growth in the steppes of a small grain, and in a short hinge, there are no lines: flowers, tulips, poppy seeds. Tvarinny svit stepіv bagatiy and versatile, performances in the main gryzunami and hoarders, as well as hijaks (foxes, hovrahi, tkhori).

On a private day from the steppes, the zone forest-steppe... Tse crossed the zone. Dilyanki lisu in them is interspersed with vast expanses, covered with grassy growth.

zone broadleaf and green leaves roztashovana in Eurasia and Pivnichnoy America. Climat when passing from the oceans to the middle of the continents to cross from sea (abo monon at the descent) to continentalmu... Growth is inevitable in the climate. The zone of broad-leaved leaves (beech, oak, maple, linden, magnolia) is gradually changing the zone of green leaves (pine, hodgepodge, birch). There are also many leafy foxes (wasp, willow). The soil in them grows. In broad-leaved foxes - brown foxes, in wild ones - soddy-pidzolic leaves. Even more versatile tvarinniy light (deer, boar vedmed, rice, wild boar, goat and in.).

taiga - natural zone pomirny belt Eurasia and Pivnichnoy America. In tayzi - pidzolisti ґrunty. At the height of the line, coniferous foils are harvested from the house of mille-leaved trees on pidzolic soils. If you find yourself in taizi, you will be hostile to the beauty of the fox from modrina, pine, yalitsa and Siberian cedar. Yalini and yalits make a dark coniferous forest with a grass cover. Pine and light-coniferous modrina are even more invisible to the mind. Characteristic swamps and bows. The twisted light of the taiga is even more versatile: elk, bury vedmid, rice, bilka, sable, chipmunk. Bagato ptahiv: wood grouse, hazel grouse, woodpecker, nutcracker, owl and іnshі.

Natural zones and subpolar and polar latitudes. Lisotundra is a transitional zone from the forest to the tundra. The climate in cich latitudes is cold. The soils are tundra-gleyovy, pidzolic and peat-boggy. Roslinnіst іdkolіssya (neviskі modrini, yalina, birch) step by step move to the tundra. Live creatures of the tundra and lisiv.

tundra characterized by treelessness. Climate with a trivial cold winter, warm and cold, bring the soil to a strong frost. Moss, lichens, dwarf birches, willows grow on humus-tundra-gley and peat-bog soils. Tvarinny svit bіdniy: pіvnіchny deer, arctic fox, rabbit bilyak, owls, bila chicken, pestles. The tundra, behind the nature of the glory, is full of Mokhov, Lichenikov, Chagarnikov.

Arctic (Antarctic) Kestrel Zone roasted in polar latitudes. Large areas of land are covered by ice dwellers through an arc of a cold climate with low temperatures stretching all the way. On the wilderness of the ice, the land is roasted with rocky heaths with even thinner and thinner growth (moss, lichens, weeds). In the Arctic live bili vedmedi, foxes. Polar birds settle on the skeletons, settling "birds of the bazaar". In Pivnichniy America, a great store of creature Vivcebik has been expanded. The natural mind in Antarctica is more suvor. (Why is the climate in Antarctica more cold, not in the Arctic?) Pingwines, storms, cormorants nest on the Uzbeks. Whales, seals, ribs live in Antarctic waters.

The skin is a natural zone to move into the іnshu zone uncomfortably in the name of step-by-step changes of climatic minds.

Good clarity. The law of the change of natural minds and natural-territorial complexes in the mountains is called height explanation... There are a lot of changes in natural zones є a lot of lower temperatures and the clutter of children up the hill, as well as a change of droplets (the stench grows to the singing height). Guess how the temperature drops from the day up. The first upper altitude belt is established in this natural zone, in the rostashovani mountains. For example, in the Andes, bilya ekvatora, the first natural zone will be equatorial foils (Fig. Explanation in the Andes, near ekvator.) . Zonalism is manifested in the ocean, ale mensh clearly, not on land. Zones in the Svitovoy oceans change from glybin.

NSnative zones of the world, and of the polar latitudes the mostEurasia and Pivnichniy America. The change of natural zones is not only forpivninakh,ale and in the mountains - from the beginning topeaks.

1. Show on the physical map the light of the natural zones and the climatic zones of the Pivnichnoe pivkuli? In what natural zone is Bilorus roztashovan? 2. Store a plan to describe one of the natural zones behind the hand and maps to the atlas. * 3. Describe one of the natural zones from the victorious pictures, illustrations of the hand, additional dzherels. ** 4. Would you like to know what powers are in the natural zones that are friendly for life?

uzagalny

1. Name and show the main forms of the Earth's relief. 2.Vyasnite, as the geographic regularity of the earth in the development of forms of the Earth. 3. Show on a specific application what kind of inflow into the climate control the circulation of the atmosphere? * 4. Apply to outline map climatic belts. Explore natural areas on the continents. * 5. Explain the basic laws in the growth of fall on the earth's surface. ... * 6. Are the regions and the Earth undergoing friendly soil and land resources? * 7. Make it clear: geographic shell, atmospheric circulation, climate belt, soil and land resources, nature protection territories. ** 8. Prepare supplementary material about soils, natural zones (on a vibration basis) and storage of food supply. ** 9. Determine the life of people in the equatorial and in the world climatic belts. To grow visnovki.

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GEOGRAPHIC BELTS OF THE I ZONE OF EURASIA

In Eurasia, more on the other continents, the planetary law of geographic zonality of land landscapes is manifested. All geographic belts are turning here pіvnіchnoі pіvkulі And the great length of the continent is due to the approach to the scale of nature and the oceanic and continental sectors.

The most part of Eurasia has been roasted in the subtropical and inland zones. NATURAL ZONES HERE are not just in the latitudinal direction, but MAYUT is also the FORM of concentric cells.

In the tropical latitudes of the mainland, there is a monsoon type of climate and meridional growth of the mountain ridges in the winter of natural zones, not from winter to winter, but from entering the turn.

In the areas of the girskogo relєfu, the latitudinal zonality is reduced to the vertical zoning. As a rule, the skin zone is dominated by its own structure of the waist. The spectrum of the elevated zones increases from high latitudes to low ones.

1. Geographic zones and zones of Foreign Europe

The peculiarities of the nature of the geographic zones in the Foreign Europe are based on the conditions in the pro-oceanic sector of the continent of the arctic, sub-arctic, world and subtropical zones.

The ARCTIC BELT is loaned to the island by the outskirts. Low values of the radioactive balance (less than 10 kcal / cm 2 in ric), negative average temperatures, formed on the great territory of the strong kryzhany cover. Near the western European sector of the belt of splicing of Spitsbergen.

The climate of the war is warm to the Zakhidno-Spitsbergen Plin. A large number of falloffs (300-350 mm) and low temperatures will take away the accumulated hard-to-find ice and ice. Perevazhaє ZONE krizhan_y empty. Only the vuzka smuga on the western and ancient Uzbeks is occupied by the arctic Kamyanist kestrel (about 10% of the area of Spitsbergen). In the mice of the purchase of fine earth, there is growth of lomikamin, zhovtets of snow, polar poppies, Spitsbergen cloves. Ale perevazhayut lichens (scale) and moss. The fauna is common to the species of species: bili vedmedi, polar foxes, lemings, introduction of vicebics. A lot of great birds of the bazaar: Guillemot, loons, seagulls.

The subarctic belt is hunted in the extreme winter of Fennoscandia and Iceland. Radiation balance attainable 20 kcal / cm 2 in rіk, middle temperature last month do not overdo 10C. The village is the height of the day. Panivnoyu є tundri zone. Razrіznyayut pіvnіchnu - type and paved tundra. Pivnichna does not have a closed dewline cover, dilyanki with roslinn_styu are guarded by the beaches of bare soils. Pane moss, lichens (reindeer lichen), chagarniks and grass are fed over them. Roslin does not rise for a short period of time to go through the entire development cycle from germination to maturation of the day. That middle vishykh roslin handling yard and bagator. Through low temperatures physiological dryness. Deer moss (moss tundra), zhovtets, lomikamens, poppies, partridge grass (dirias), sedges and cereals dominate on dry temples. Z chagarnikiv - lokhina, lingonberry, cloudberry.

The pivdenna (chagarnikova) tundra is characterized by the cultivation of chagarniks and chagarniks: dwarf birch, polar willow, bago, flour, cowberry, crowberry. At the lower ones ( weak vіtri) - thickets of dwarf birch (dwarf birch) 1.0 - 1.5 m ovary.

Soil is growing in the minds of the overwhelmed. Їm the power of the accumulation of coarse humus organic speech, Development of gley processes, sour reactions. Transfer peat-gleyovy soil.

In Iceland, on the coastal lowlands and valleys, the wider oceanic cereal-grass-growing onions with anemones, forget-me-nots, for which the arches-sod soil are formed. Micey curtains of low-growing trees: birch, grove, willow, osik, yalivets.

Tvarinny svit b_dniy. Types: Norwegian leming, arctic fox, ermine, vovk, polar owl, bila kurіpka, from marsh - geese, geese, pitching.

Reindeerry, in Iceland - vivchardstvo.

The Pomirny belt is occupied by a large part of the Pivnichnoe and the whole of Middle Europe. The radioactive balance is 20 kcal / cm 2 in ric at night up to 50 kcal / cm 2 in ric at home. The lagging transfer and cyclonic activity will transfer the appropriate path from the ocean to the mainland. The average temperature is from -15 ° at the winter descent to +6 at the entrance. Average lime temperatures are from + 10 ° at winter to + 26 ° at night. Panuyut lisu. In the Atlantic sector, in Russia, from winter to winter, one zone of conifers, winter and broad-leaved leaves changes. At the paternal-skidny part, the zone of broad-leaved leaves is wicked and replaced by zones of forest steppe and steppe.

ZONE OF KHVOYNIKH LISIV borrows a larger part of Fennoscandia (pivdenny cordon at 60 ° Mon. The main species are European Yalina and Zvichyna pine. On the plains of Sweden, the swampy yawns dominate on important loams. Significant part of Fennoscandia is occupied by pine trees on dry rocky or perennial soils. The leaves are perevyschuє 60%, reach 80%, in Norway up to 35%. At the entry of the Scandinavian Pivostrov on the mice of the planes, widened bows and heathers.

In the mountains, the clarity is rosy. Coniferous foils on grapples up to 800-900 m at winter and 300 m at winter. Distant birch trees grow up to 1100 m.

In zones of coniferous leaves, they re-ferment low-flowing acid, pidzolic runt, and humus. In low peat bogs and gley-pidzolic runts with low efficiency.

Tvarinny svit is versatile: moose, worms, rice, boar vedmed, foxes. Z birds: hazel grouses, hens, wood grouses, owls, woodpeckers.

Scandinavian lands are the most lisists in the Foreign Europe. Widely developed forest plantations on drained peatlands. Rozvinene of meat and milk straight away. Yomu is ordered by the structure of the seeding of the cultivated lands. Farming is developed on the bordering territory. In the winter zone - reindeer hunting, in the mountains - vivchardstvo.

THE ZONE OF MUSHROOM LISIV Loans are not large at the first entrance of Finland, the chastkovo Central lower region and the first half of the Middle European region. In the middle of generations there is an oak, clear, elm, maple, heart-shaped linden. At the pidlisku there is a broad grassy curvature. Zonal soil - sod-pidzolic - up to 5% humus.

The fauna is rich, low in coniferous forests: elk, vedmid, European roe deer, Vovk, fox, zaets. Z birds: woodpeckers, siskins, titmice, black grouse.

Lists up to 20%, the most great massivi were protected in the Mazurian Poozerie. Silskogospodarske virobnistvo.

The ZONE of broad-leaved trees occupies the first part of the Pomirny belt. warmer lito, M'yakiy klіmat, friendly heat recovery and vologues use more and more beech trees oak leaves... Naybagatshі in a species related forest is dated to the Atlantic part. Here, fox breeds are chestnut trees. At pidlisku, an oak, yew yew. Bukovy foxes evoke mono-dominant, dark, and poorly apologized. In the minds of the transitional climate, beech grows like hornbeam and oak. oak foxes light, in the pidlisk grow leaves, bird cherry, gorobina, barberry, buckthorn.

The order of the forest growth in the zone of broad-leaved forests is formed by the formations of chagarniks - heathers on the mice of virubans (European veres, yalivets, drik, martyrs, lochina). Veresovi wastes are characteristic of Pivnichno-Western England, Pivnichnoy France, the call of Pivostrov Jutland. On the Uzbek coast of the Baltic Sea and the Pivnichny Sea, large areas are occupied by pine and pine-oak forests on the dunes.

The most vertical explanation is presented in the Alps and the Carpathians. The lower ones climbed up to 600-800 m in size with oak-beech forests, withering, and from 1000-1200 m - with yalitsa-smerekovy ones. The upper boundary of the forest grows up to 1600-1800 m, in the belt of subalpine meadows. At a height of 2000-2100 m, alpine bows grow with brightly flowing grasses.

The main type of soil in broad-leaved leaves is brown woodlands (up to 6-7% humus), which are very rich in moisture. In the larger plants, the podzolic-brown earth is widened, and on the vapnyak, humus-carbonate (rendzini).

Red deer, roe deer, wild boar, wedmid. З drіbnykh - bіlka, zaєts, borsuk, mink, tkhіr. Z birds - woodpeckers, titmice, іvolgi.

Foxes in the zone store 25% of the area. Corn oaks and beech foxes were not spared. For the change came second nasadzhennya, coniferous fox, empty, rylli. Lisovidovalny robots.

ZONE Lisstep and Stepa may be surrounded by an extension and occupy the Danube Plains. The natural growth of the mayzhe was not spared. On the Middle-Danish Rivnini, in the past, the broad-leaved foxes were swarmed with steppes (Pashtu), at the same time as the roseoran ravine. Black earth soils, friendly and climatic, think about the development of agriculture, gardening, viticulture.

On the Lower Danube Plain, which is less so, landscapes are close to the Ukrainian and Russian steppes. The zonal type of soil is black soil. In skidnyh parts of the stench withers dark chestnut soils, also roseorani.

The subtropical zone is less trochaic in terms of territory, lower than that. The radioactive balance is 55-70 kcal / cm 2 in ric. Bribes in the belt are rewarded with polar masi, a lot of tropical ones. Let it change from the coastal regions to the depths of the mainland. Naslіdok is a change of natural zones not in latitudinal, but in meridional direction. Horizontal zonality accelerates vertically in the mountains.

Pivdenna chastina foreign Europe roztashovana in the Atlantic sector of the belt, de klimat seasonal-vologue, mid-sea. Minimum fall off. In the minds of the trivial summer dry land, there are xerophytic signs of the growing line. For Seredzemnomor'ya is characterized by a ZONE of green hard leaves LISIV І CHAGARNIKIV. In the fossil formations, oak dominates: in the western part it is corky and kam'yaniy, in the school - Macedonian and Walloon. They can be reached from the middle-sea pine (іtalіyska, Alepsky, primorska) and the cypress horizontal. At pidlisku noble laurel, boxwood, myrtle, cistus, fistashka, sunichne tree. The foxes of the blame were not renewed through the vipasa of thinness, erozii runtiv, pozh. Everywhere there was a widening of chagarnikovy overgrowths, a warehouse of which to lay down from droplets, relief, soil.

In the minds of the sea climate of MacVis extensions, up to the warehouse, which includes chagarniki and not high (up to 4 m) trees: tree-like heather, wild olive, laurel, fistashka, sunichne tree, yalivets. Chagarniki intertwined with curly roslin: ozhina rosnobarvna, clematis vusatiy.

Near the areas of the continental climate of the western Seredzemnomor, on the rocky grasses of the gir z pererivchastim ground cover expanded by Garrіg - rarely growing low chagarniki, napivchagarniki and xerofitnі grasses. Low-growth garigas are widely spread on the giant grasses of the Holy French and the descent of the Pireneysky and Apennian pvostroviv, de perevazhayut chagarnikovy oak kermesovy, other prickly, rosemary, hollytree

For the Balearic Islands, Sicily and the early Pireneysky Piostrov, there are characteristic palm overgrowths, set with a single wild palm hamerops with a short trunk and great willow leaves.

In the inner parts of the Pireneyskiy pyostrov, the TOMILLARI formulation of aromatic drinks has been developed: lavender, rosemary, shavlya, thyme with herbs.

At the central part of the Seredzemnomor, on dry rocky grasses, Frygani is being built. She has astragalus, euphorbia, drik, thyme, acantholimon.

At the gathering of the Balkan pvostrov, in the minds of a hot summer, and to finish with cold winters, picking up a shiblyak, assertions with deciduous chagarniki: barberry, gourd, thorns, jasmine, shipshinoy. Pivdenny can be reached before them: holding a tree, a skumpia, a wild migdal, a pomegranate.

Green greens subtropical height is confined to the plains and lower ranges up to 300 m in the winter zone and 900 m - in the winter. Up to a height of 1200 m, deciduous broad-leaved fox grows from fluffy oak, sycamore, chestnut, lime tree, ash tree, hairy mountain. Pine grows not often in the middle: black, dalmatian, primorska, shell. The food from the zbіlshennya vologosti panuvannya go to the beech-smerekovy foxes, as from 2000 m we go to the coniferous species - the European yalini, the white yalitsa, the pine trees. The upper belt of chagarnikovaya and grassy growth - yalivtsy, barberry, grasslands (tonkonig, bagattya, bilous).

In zones of high-green hard leaves and chagarniks, brown and gray-brown runta (up to 4-7% humus) form with high productivity. Chervonokolirny Orunti - TERRA-ROSSA is being developed on the corridor of vivitryuvannya vapnyakiv. Near the mountains, the soil is wider and wider. There are pidzols, which are easy for herders. Tvarinny light is strongly vinified. From ssavts_v see viverra-geneta, porcupine, ram-mouflon, fallow deer, mintsev_ vid and red deer. Perevazhayut plazuni and amphibians: lizards (geckos), chameleoni, vuzhi, runners, vipers. Bagatiy svit ptakhiv: blue-headed vulture, Spanish and kam'yaniy gorobets, blakytna magpie, girskaya kurіpka, flamingo, kam'yaniy drizd. The population is great. Rose-colored lands dated to the coastal valleys and mіzhgirskiye ulogovinas. The main culture: olives, hairy gore, pomegranate, tyutyun, grapes, citrus fruits, wheat.

2. Geographic zones and zones of Foreign Asia

Riznomanitny klimat, foldable orography viznachayut a wealth of natural areas. On the territory of landscape zones of the world, subtropical, tropical, subquatorial and equatorial zones.

Pomirny belt of enclosures in area, borrowing part of Central Asia, Western and Pivnichno-Western China, Hokkaido islands. Climatic minds in the continental and seaside sectors of the development. There are especially great contrasts in the conditions: on the Uzbek coast, there are more than 1000 mm of fall, in the depth of the mainland, the speed of up to 100 mm. As a matter of fact, the landscape features are different. Zones of taiga, wild and broad-leaved forests characteristic of the oceanic sector; the inner continental occupation of the Kestrel zones, such as the Kestrel, the Steppe and the Lestep.

ZONE taizi is being developed in Pivnichno-Skhidny China, de dominu modrina daurskaya and a pine tree. Large array of coniferous trees on the island of Hokkaido. Here you can pick up Yalina Hokkaidskaya and Yalitsa Sakhalinska, they can be reached by Yalina Yalina, Japanese pine, yew far-flung, bamboo, grass. The soils are pidzolized, in the lowlands of peat bogs.

ZONE ZMISHANIKH LISIV in the main territory of Pivnichno-Skhidny China. Zaledeninnya did not boil, the representatives of the arctot-tertiary flora knew a branch here. Changes in the list of endemics and relics. This is the name of the Manchurian FLORA, which is even more abundant in species. At the warehouse there are Korean cedar, white-brown yalitsya, Olginska modrina, Ayanskaya yalina, Mongolian oak, Manchurian oak, green maple and beards. At the pidlisk there are Amur buzzes, Ussury buckthorn, Manchurian currant, Chornoplidna hump, aralia, rhododendroni. Z lian: Amur grapes, lemongrass, hm_l. In soils, there are dark coloreds in the rising step of opidzolic lisovy burozem and syrozemi.

The ZONE of broad-leaved leaves is mixed from half a day to winter. Foxes in the main virbani, which have lost their massiv and are stored from maple, lime, elm, ash, hairy gorіkha. The foxes are more beautifully protected in Japan, they are de-perevazhayut beech and oak, maple is widely represented (up to 20 species), clear Manchurian, mussel type of hairy pea, as well as chestnuts, limes, cherries, birch, magnolia. The zonal type of soil is lisov burozem.

On the plains of Pivnichno-Skhidny, China sees a ZONE of interruption. At the end of the Indian American interruptions, there is a smaller number of falloffs (500-600 mm). However, the permafrost appears to the beaches, the soil does not flow, and the soil does not flow. Formats are developing very often, often from oak trees. In the given hour, the natural growth is increased. Ripe meadows, chernozem soil (up to 9% humus), rosebines and grasses before growing millet (gaolian), legumes, corn, rice, vegetables, kavun.

Near the continental sector, around the belt, there is a lot of aridity: the inner parts of Central Asia are especially dry, and the ZONI is empty and like a pustel. Great delights of amusing life and presenting an ideal wilderness. There, de є roslinnіst, won і is represented by psammophytes (sand lovers) and halophytes (salt lovers).

Tse rіznі vidi saltwort, polina, chagarnikіv tamarisk, juzgun, ephedri, saxaulu. In kestrels rozvineni sіrozems, in napіvpustels - burozem (less than 1% humus).

Save money and grizzlies. Sered kopitnykh - a two-humped camel, kulan, antelope (gazelle, gazelle, Przhevalsky), in the mountains - goats and mutton. Z grizuniv - hovrahi, jerboas, polivki.

ZONE STEPIVES of the loan of the settlement of the western Dzungaria, the private village of Mongolia (up to 41-42 ° Mon. lat ..) I in front of the Great Khinganu. Dropped up to 250 mm. They overcame the low-lying dry steppes, in which there is no succinic dewline cover - undersized kovili, vostrets, tonkonig, caragani, polina. Chestnut soil; grow on dark and light chestnut. With a piece grown dark chestnut, they give a lot of crops of wheat, beans, kukurudzi, gaolyan. Svitlo-chestnut trees for farming are not vicarious, they are not used for livestock farming.

The subtropical belt stretches from Little Asia to the Japanese islands. The new sector is characterized by the sectoral nature of landscapes. Near the largest continental sector, there is a zone and a hedgehog, for example, a hedgehog and a steppes. At the entrance to the middle sea climate, there is a zone of green hard leaves and chagarnik, in the pacific sector - a zone of monsoon green leaves. Natural zonality is becoming more vertically explained.

ZONE of the evergreen, cruel LISIV and CHAGARNIKIV in the territory of Asia, enter the vuzka swampy bridle of the middle-sea Uzbek coast of the Little Asia and the Arabia. The climate here is more continental, the temperature range is higher, and the temperature falls are lower. Roslinnіstі mє yaskravo vyrazhenі xerofіtnі rice. Lis_v mayzhe did not save, the formations of chagarniks came to this change. Perevazhaє maquis, changes in species related in the context of European. Dominant in Nyu є Kermesovy chagarnikovy oak. In the Levant, the ryzhkov tree, fistashka Palestinian, and in Maliy Asia - yalivets chervoniy, myrtle, heather, wild olive, are still dominant in the Levant. On the arid coastal grasses, maquis act as a monkey of frigans and shiblyak, as well as deciduous chagarnikas - derhidere, shipshin, euonymus, jasmine. Brown runts are replaced by chestnut ones.

Chagarnikov formations grow up in the mountains up to 600-800 m, grow coniferous-broad-leaved foils (black pine, Kilikisky yalitsya. Cypress, oak, maple). In 2000 m, it is transformed into xerofit roslinnst, which is quite cushion-shaped (spurge, Cretan barberry, Trojanda sticky).

Near the continental sector of the subtropical belt, such a loan is the Western Asian mountains, the ZONE is crossed by a hedgehog and a napivustel. Ulovinnі budova nagіr'їv є the reason why LANDSCAPE ZONI MAYUT FORM of concentric cells. Near the central part of the roasted heaths. The stench is framed by napusta, amid the mountainous steppes and chagarnikovy ridkolissyam.

The most common areas of the kestrel and napivpustel are on the ranskiy plate. More than 30% of this territory is covered with salt marshes, which are reduced by the dewiness, meaning that the place is occupied by the rocky and wilderness. Zonal soil - empty soil and brown soil.

Tvarinny svit to complete the deznomanitny. Z kopitnykh - bezoar goat, mouflon, wild donkey onager, from hijakiv - caracal, smugasta gina. Grizuni - khovrashki, jerboas, babaki.

The STEPIV ZONE is timed to the front dilyankas, in which polynovy and kovilov formations can be found. Sheds are developed ephemeri and deyaki cereals, burned up to lithium. Chagarnikovy sparse forests wander along the slopes of the steppe mountains. Western Asia BATKIVSCHINA friganoid formations of nagirnykh Xerofiti - thorny cakes of a pillow-shaped form with a height less than 1 m.

Tibetan elevation, known for its majestic high altitude (over 4000 m), is characterized by the tallness of the high mountains of the steppe, reminiscent of wilderness and wilderness.

For the pacific sector of the subtropical belt, the type is the ZONE of monsoon greenery ZMISHANIKH LISIV. Vona hunt pivdenny regions of China's Skidny and Japanese islands. Natural greenness went to the plantation tea, citrus fruits, bavovnik, rice. The foxes entered the gorges, on the steep shave, in the mountains. In the forest stand, there are laurel, myrtle, camellia, podocarpus, kunnіngamіі. The lesser masivi in Japan were more beautifully protected. Dominate vichgreen vidi oak, camphor laurel, Japanese pine, cypress, cryptomeria, thuja. The rich pidlisk has bamboo, garden, magnolia, azalea.

Re-ferment chervonozem and zhovtozemi (from 5 to 10% humus). Alle the roariness of nevisok, splinters of ґrunt bіdnі calcієm, magnesium, nitrogen.

Tvarinny svit zberigsya in the mountains. Among the native creatures - lemuri (tovstiy lori), other hizhak aziatska civet, from kopitnykh - tapir. Ornithofauna bagata: pheasants, one species of papugas, geese, pitching, cranes, chapli, pelikani.

The TROPICAL BELT borrowed the first part of Arabia, on the first day of the Iranian nagir, the kestrel Tar. Radiation balance 70-75 kcal / cm 2 in rіk. Stretching out to the rock, pasatna circulation, high temperatures, great goodness. The fall is less than 100 mm with a vaporization of 3,000 mm. In such minds, ZONI is molded into a hollow and napivustel. Great expanses occupy the hoarse sands and bezel-less rocky wilderness (Hammad). Roslinness is stored from ephemeres, hard liquor and cereals (polin, astragalus, aloe, euphorbia, ephedra). Growing up is a lichen "manna from heaven" (linakora istivna). In the oases, the growth of a phіnіkova palm. The runt pokryviy of the apology is rotten, in the great open spaces of vіn vіdsutnіy.

Dragon trees, gum acacia, frankincense trees (myrrh, Boswellia) grow in the girskih regions on the navi grasses. yalivets.

The fauna is versatile: Vovk, jackal, fennec fox, smugasta gina, from pigs - pischana gazelle, girsky goat. Gryzuni - jerboas, pischanki. Ptahs - eagles, vultures, shuliks.

The subquatorial zone of hunting is in Indostan, Indochina, and in the Philippines. Radiation balance from 65 to 80 kcal / cm 2 in ric. Evidence in the area has led to the formation of several natural zones here: subquatorial leaves, seasonal monsoon leaves, chagarnikovych trees and shrouds.

ZONE subquatorial LISIV - uzdovzh of the western Uzbeks of Indostan, Indochina, pivnich regions of the Philippine archipelago and the lower reaches of the Gangu-Brahmaputri, de vipadє more than 2000 mm fallen. Lies are developed to the versatility of the species warehouse, high-tier, important problems. For them there are types of dipterocarpus, strekulii, albicia, ficusi, palms, bamboo. There is a tree near the big meat. Trees give valuable by-products: tanning speech, resin, cannifol, rubber.

Zonal soil - chervono-zhovtі feralіtnі with low efficiency. Plantation of tea, kava tree, rubber plants, spices, bananas, mangoes, citrus fruits.

The ZONE of the season-VOLOGY monsoon forest is dated to the middle outskirts of India and India, when the fall is not more than 1000 mm. Deciduous-green foxes are thick-tipped, tiny in them are rich in lian and epiphytes. Grow the price of the breed: teak, fat, sandalwood, Dahlberg. Musonnі foxes were severely affected by the virus. In India, stinks occupy 10-15% of the area.

With the change in the number of fallen leaves up to 800-600 mm, the monsoons change in the ZONE of chagarnikovyh ridges and shrouds, most areas which are dated to the Deccan Plane and to the internal dilens of Pvostrov Indochina. The village grows linniness to act in different forms of the most common grains: beard, alang-alang, wild tsukrovyu outline. A drop of green shroud, a charge for the collection. Lonely palms, banyan trees and acacia uriznomanitnyuyut landscape.

Near the soils, red-brown soils are mixed: chervon, red-brown, red-brown soils. Smells of humus, strong to erosion, and altogether vikoristovyvayutsya in farming. Stable fertility only when grown up. Vyroshuyut rice, bavovnik, millet culture.

Tvarinny svit buv bagatiy, contagion of strong blame: rhinos, biki (gayal), antelope, deer, ginny, chervoni vovki, jackals, leopardi. We have a bagato mavp і napivmavp (lori). Pavichi, wild chickens, papugas, blackbirds, pheasants, shpaki.

The equatorial zone of the loan may be the whole of the Malaysian archipelago, the first day of the Philippines islands, the island of Malacca and the first time of Sri Lanka. Gradually high temperature, more moderate and less feverish (up to 3000 mm), consistently viscous volume (80-85%). The radioactive balance is lower, lower in the paths - 60-65 kcal / cm 2 in rіk, which is tied to the great hmarnіstu.

Panun ZONE of Equatorial Lisiv (Gilei). Floristic prices for earthly cool(About 45 thousand views). Species warehouse of village species, reaching 5 thousand (in Europe there are 200 species). Lisy bagatoyardnі, clearly represented lines and epіfіti. There are close to 300 types of palm trees: palmyra, tsukrova, areca, sago, karyota, rattan palma-liana. Numerous tree-like ferns, bamboo, pandanusi. On uzberezhzhі mangri from Avicenna, Rizophora, palms nіpi. Zonal soil - viluzheni and opidzole laterity. Vertical belts are characteristic of the gir. Typical helium at heights of 1000-1200 m changes in the heights of the helium, mensh in height, ale more vologo and thick. Vishche is a deciduous form. On the tops of low-growing chagarniki, there are beaches of meadow meadows.

Tvarinny light of bagacy and versatile. Protected: orangutan, as well as mavpi gibon, macaques. Z hizhakiv - tiger, leopard, sleepy witch, wild elephant. There were tapiri, tupai, wool-breeds, and reptiles - flying dragons, lizards, giant Komodskiy monitor lizard (3-4 m). Z snake - pityton (sits up to 8-10 m), vipers, village snakes. At the little chicks, the crocodile gavial.

The foxes were protected on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. On the scrubbed lands, rotate hevea, spice, tea, mango, baked tree.

> Geographic zones and zones of Foreign Europe

The subarctic belt is hunted in the extreme winter of Fennoscandia and Iceland. The radioactive balance is up to 20 kcal / cm 2 in rіk, the average temperature of summer months does not exceed 10C. The village is the height of the day. Panivnoyu є tundri zone. Razrіznyayut pіvnіchnu - type and paved tundra. Pivnichna does not have a closed dewline cover, dilyanki with roslinn_styu are guarded by the beaches of bare soils. Pane moss, lichens (reindeer lichen), chagarniks and grass are fed over them. Roslin does not rise for a short period of time to go through the entire development cycle from germination to maturation of the day. To that, the middle of the growing roslin is handled by yard-keepers and bagators. Through low temperatures physiological dryness. Deer moss (moss tundra), zhovtets, lomikamens, poppies, partridge grass (dirias), sedges and cereals dominate on dry temples. Z chagarnikiv - lokhina, lingonberry, cloudberry.

The pivdenna (chagarnikova) tundra is characterized by the cultivation of chagarniks and chagarniks: dwarf birch, polar willow, bago, flour, cowberry, crowberry. In low (weak vitri) - dwarf birch (dwarf birch) overgrowths 1.0 - 1.5 m.

Soil is growing in the minds of the overwhelmed. In the power of the accumulation of coarse humus organic speech, development of gley processes, sour reaction. Transfer peat-gleyovy soil.

Tvarinny svit b_dniy. Types: Norwegian leming, arctic fox, ermine, vovk, polar owl, bila kurіpka, from marsh - geese, geese, pitching.

Reindeerry, in Iceland - vivchardstvo.

In the mountains, the clarity is rosy. Coniferous foils on grapples up to 800-900 m at winter and 300 m at winter. Distant birch trees grow up to 1100 m.

In zones of coniferous leaves, they re-ferment low-flowing acid, pidzolic runt, and humus. In low peat bogs and gley-pidzolic runts with low efficiency.

Tvarinny svit is versatile: moose, worms, rice, boar vedmed, foxes. Z birds: hazel grouses, hens, wood grouses, owls, woodpeckers.

The fauna is rich, low in coniferous forests: elk, vedmid, European roe deer, Vovk, fox, zaets. Z birds: woodpeckers, siskins, titmice, black grouse.

Lists up to 20%, the most great massivi were protected in the Mazurian Poozerie. Silskogospodarske virobnistvo.

The ZONE of broad-leaved trees occupies the first part of the Pomirny belt. Warm summer, soft climate, welcoming warmth and a wider range of beech and oak leaves. Naybagatshі in a species related forest is dated to the Atlantic part. Here, fox breeds are chestnut trees. At pidlisku, an oak, yew yew. Bukovy foxes evoke mono-dominant, dark, and poorly apologized. In the minds of the transitional climate, beech grows like hornbeam and oak. Dubovi lisi svitli, in pidlisk grow lischina, bird cherry, gorobina, barberry, buckthorn.

Red deer, roe deer, wild boar, wedmid. З drіbnykh - bіlka, zaєts, borsuk, mink, tkhіr. Z birds - woodpeckers, titmice, іvolgi.

Foxes in the zone store 25% of the area. Corn oaks and beech foxes were not spared. For the change came second nasadzhennya, coniferous fox, empty, rylli. Lisovidovalny robots.

The Pivdenna part of the Foreign Europe is rooted in the Atlantic sector of the belt, de klimat of the seasonal and middle seas. Minimum fall off. In the minds of the trivial summer dry land, there are xerophytic signs of the growing line. For Seredzemnomor'ya is characterized by a ZONE of green hard leaves LISIV І CHAGARNIKIV. In the fossil formations, oak dominates: in the western part it is corky and kam'yaniy, in the school - Macedonian and Walloon. They can be reached from the middle-sea pine (іtalіyska, Alepsky, primorska) and the cypress horizontal. At pidlisku noble laurel, boxwood, myrtle, cistus, fistashka, sunichne tree. The foxes of the blame were not renewed through the vipasa of thinness, erozii runtiv, pozh. Everywhere there was a widening of chagarnikovy overgrowths, a warehouse of which to lay down from droplets, relief, soil.

In the areas of the continental climate of the western Seredzemnomor, on the rocky grasses, the gir with a parted ground cover is widened by Garrig - rarely growing low chagarniks, such as grasses and xerophytic grasses. Low-growth garigas are widely spread on the giant grasses of the Holy French and the descent of the Pireneysky and Apennian pvostroviv, de perevazhayut chagarnikovy oak kermesovy, other prickly, rosemary, hollytree

For the Balearic Islands, Sicily and the early Pireneysky Piostrov, there are characteristic palm overgrowths, set with a single wild palm hamerops with a short trunk and great willow leaves.

In the inner parts of the Pireneyskiy pyostrov, the TOMILLARI formulation of aromatic drinks has been developed: lavender, rosemary, shavlya, thyme with herbs.

At the central part of the Seredzemnomor, on dry rocky grasses, Frygani is being built. She has astragalus, euphorbia, drik, thyme, acantholimon.

Little hto pam'yataє z school programs Also, there is a variable explanation. The tse of the understanding describes the change in Russia with the rise of weather characteristics, the processes of illumination of the landscape, the rocky stock of soils, as well as flora and fauna. For low reasons, such as the inaccuracy of information about the skin area of the warehouse, and the clarity of the landscape, it is characterized by the most precise parameters: climatic and geomorphological.

Roslinnitst and іnshі components, how to form the frequency explanation

I want roslinness (with all its dynamical steel and subdivisions in regions) not all kinds of people show the standard of a bitter total bar for a great number of factors, it’s not a matter of using it.

For reasons of clearer definition of the living zones, the relationship for the growth of the relationship is permissible and regular. For the characteristics of the components - height, storage soil, climate, food, ecosystems in the whole landscape can be divided into zones of elevation. for children gir systems the stench is very strong. Withering, the explanation of the future will be seen from the height of the belt of Tibet. It is necessary to correctly and reliably distribute the landscape into zones, it is necessary to see the outlying signs.

Causes of visceral belts

In the case of small ravines, in the middle of the world, the versatility of species is 2-5 times higher. And the axis is the reason for the "multi-level" natural zones in high-mountainous regions?

The main factor is the price of the geographic location. Variations are approximately the same, as in Russia, from pivnini to pivnich. However, when rus is up in the girskiy micevosti, the change is seen and seen at oddly small heights.

Hanging belts in the greatest number of presence in tropical latitudes. Polar cola smoothies have the smallest number of such zones.

Klimat in the mountains

Visotna clarification in the mountains is unevenly tied to the climate. All hanging belts hunt for mountains from the skin side, however, the layers on the protruding grains are not the same. The climate is more similar to the weather conditions of the adjacent plains. The food should go through the tier with a greater peace, and then and finish it in the suvor weather. At the top there is a zone of permafrost and snow. I, nachebto, what is closer to Sontsya - Tim, for Ideyu, Warmer, but in reality it is not so.

If I want to win, I can see it. It is necessary to bring, that the zone of elevation is an isolated phenomenon, and it should be hidden away from the bagatokh chinnikiv. In Siberia є mіstya, de bіlya pіdnіzhzhya klіmat suvorіshy, nіzh on the skyla gіr. Tse viclikano in the daily circulation of the wind in the gorges of the mountains.

What is the characteristic of the frequency explanation of Eurasia?

Chim closer burn for a day, tim more number and versatility of the upper belts. The Ural is one of the best showcases of their gir systems.

In the first part, the explanation of the Ural mountains has more tiers, lower in the winter, unaffected by those that are lower. At the private part of the presence there is a mountain-tundra belt.

Chornomorske Uzbek Caucasus and Amuro-Sakhalinsk region

The contrast of the belts to the Caucasus is even more pronounced. In less than a year, the road by car can go from the subtropical Uzbek Sochi to the subalpine climate of the Western Caucasus.

In the Amur-Sakhalin region, all provinces have one and the same sign - the structure of landscape smogs. Stink on:

mountain tundra;
subalpine - undergrowth of cedar, wild forests and also in the growth stage of concentration of cam'yano birch.

The Pivdenny Sikhote-Alin has all the characteristics, typical for the Amur elevation.

In the middle of the tier, see the offensive: low-mountain smog (foxes of cedars with wide leaves, as well as the soil and climate formed by them), mid-girsk smuga (foxes of dark coniferous trees and forms of dark-coniferous smoke, yanoi birch), Goltsov's smuga herself, I’m tundra in a clean viglyad.

As the climate becomes more continental, then leafy foils are added to this scheme. In the remote mountains of Pivdenny Sikhote-Alina, there is a belt of broad-leaved tundri, swamp of subalpine chagarniks (or shallow mountain forests), smog of stone birch curved leaves, a belt of broad-leaved leaves) ...

Abundance between the leaves and the mountains of the mountains

Until now, a small amount of tribute has been accumulated for the chimals about the high growth of the upper cordon of smut on the forest in Pivdenny Sikhota-Alin. The amplitude of the heights, cut off by the upper boundary line on the peaks and slopes of one and the same ridge, can reach a great value and reach more than 300 meters vertically.

The zagalnaya tendency is kindly remembered: from the height of the tops of the upper boundary of the forest, it is also possible to resign up the hill (the effect of the height of the array). However, I want the girski massivi to be located far out of the sea in the distance from 15 to 105 kilometers, the proportion between the height of the upper line and the top is practically the same for the skin graft. Such a result is not even logical and intuitive, but, therefore, the need for clarification.

The alogy is manifested in the fact that the proportion is simple solidity about the great inflow of the sea to the camp of the upper line. If it’s more accurate, then in the boundaries of the Pivdenny Sikhote-Alina the sea flows into the upper belts with approximately the same force. That is, the explanation of Eurasia is not so much the same as it lies in the presence of the sea.

In general, the proportions for the peaks of the mountains in the coastal latitudes (Hualaza-Litovka, Pidaev-Livadiyska, Tavaiza-Brusnichnaya) are not so great. Here the inflow into the encampment of the upper border of the line of the height of the Girsky ridge is found. In Zgіdno, with a common characteristic, you can see only Mount Khmarna, itself temple top Pivdenny Sikhote-Alina.

This phenomenon can be explained in two ways: for the mass in the whole place is high, that the temperature is high, for the upper boundary of the line, for reaching the maximum height in the region, for the reason is that I will be in line with a clump that does not grow long. Warehouses of the elevation, the power of the lingonberry, as well as the power of the peaks of the seaside part and of the Holy and Middle Sikhote-Alina, which are located along the lines of high-mountain oak forests.

Fine clarity - unique for its sutta manifestation

In order to adapt to nutrition, it is also necessary to clarify, to be smart, but even to a more sophisticated manifestation, but not to succumb to the far-flung laws. Є without any individual bureaucrats, to produce before the development of that kind of climate, type of growth and quality. The knowledge in ts_y galuzі z'yavlyayutsya z'yavlyayutsya numerical methodical doslіdzhennya. Zmіna pours into the swiftness of the day and night, as well as seasonal modes, wait. All vyschevikladenі vіdomostі, prote, it is not necessary to explain clearly, but also the explanation. In a nutshell - tse zmіna climatic zones from zbіlshennyam vysoti gіr.