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Risy EGP from Europe. Home characteristics of foreign Europe

Zakhidna Europe is a number of more than 20 powers, which are historical, ethnic, natural, economic, social and cultural. The Western European Region is one of the most pressing centers of the light economy in the current world.

The EGP is designed to be a seaside camp of large lands, as well as on the head of the sea routes, to lead from Europe to America, a small, compact country in the world, one to one; Closeness to Bagatyokh regions means closeness to Dzherel Sirovini. The countries of Africa and Asia supply cheap labor to Europe.

The land of the region is roztashovani in friendly natural minds: garnishing of rural and girsky forms of relfu, conciliatory climate, rosy soil. The safety of the regions with mineral resources is not uniform. Industrial reserves є in the Netherlands, France; vugilla - at FRN (Rursky basin), Great Britain (Uelsky basin, Newcastle basin); gold ore - from France (Lorraine), Switzerland; ores of kolorovyh metals - in the Federal Reserve, Spain, Italy; caline salts - from FRN, from France and in. Ale z will look at those who are in the country Western Europe long ago they stood on the road of promislovy development, a lot of genera close to visnazhennya. In the outskirts of the country there is a problem of primary energy resources. Zakhidna Europe is safe mineral syruvina girshe nizh Pivnichna America, Which grows due to the import of Syrovin. The winter and western parts of Western Europe are not completely protected by the resources of the fresh waters. Great small arteries - Danube, Rhine, Loire. In Norway, 3/4 of all power plants are provided by hydroelectric power plants. The characteristic rice of the region є practically increases the visibility of natural landscapes.

For the population of the lands of Western Europe, the characteristic process of "aging" is explained by the decrease in natural growth and the increase in the average triviality of life. The demographic indicators show the inheritance of the Other Holy Life. Problems in the sphere of labor resources, in the sphere of social protection of people who have been kidnapped, are identified through the price.

Zakhidna Europe is one of the most urbanized regions of the world. Londonska and Parizka agglomeration lay down to the best in the world.

Zakhidna Europe - one of the economic centers of the world; є an important financial center (London and Tsurich - financial capitals). At the pace of economic development of the region in the rest of the rock becoming the United States and Japan. Renovation came to us in front of science-based galuzy - microelectronics, biotechnology and in.

Energy. It is based on power resources (naphtha and gas on the shelf of the Pivnichny Sea, gas from the Netherlands, Vugilla FRN and Great Britain), as well as on the land. There is a great deal of hydraulic resources in the lands of Pivnichnoy and Pivdennoy Europe. Iceland vikoristovuє in the capacity of dzherel energy vikhodi thermal waters. The region is leading in the light of the development of nuclear power. Chorna metallurgy. Old metallurgical districts: Ruhr at FRN, Lorraine at France. The organization for the import of gold ore called for the destruction of ferrous metallurgy enterprises at sea - Taranto in Italy, Dunkirk near France, Bremen in the FRN.

Kolorova metallurgy vicorist ore concentrates from Africa and Asia. The territorial structure changes more, less in black metallurgy.

Machine-building viznacha іndustralne denouncing Western Europe. The most popular vyrobnik and exporter of machines and equipment, verstats, forging-press equipment, optics. There is a great value of transport machinery, especially automobiles: Volkswagen (FRN), Renault (France), Fiat (Italy), Volvo (Switzerland). Mashinobuvannya is presented practically in the skin great place.

Cheerful prominence. FRN viroblyaє barvniki and plastics, France - synthetic rubber, Belgium - chemical good and soda, Switzerland and Norway have wood chemistry, Switzerland - pharmaceuticals.

Changes in the geography of industry of Western Europe are linked to the formations of the great port-industrial complexes (Rotterdam in the Netherlands, Marseilles in France and in.), The development of the naphtha and gas-bearing ancestors of the Alcoholic Sea rozvinenikh lands, Decentralization of industry.

Silske statehood is characterized by a superbly high productivity. To be imported deprived of comrades of tropic farming and forage grain. The main type of agricultural enterprise is a farm. In large regions, there is a lot of food. Zakhidniy Europe is picking up the best from the wheat crop. Vyroshuyut barley and corn, carp; from technical cultures - red beet (France, FRN, Italia). In Pivdenniy Evropy, viticulture, olives, migdal, and pomegranate are grown. Italy is the first land in the world from the selection of wines and the selection of grapes, Spain - according to the selection of olives.

Transport is highly developed. Є thick hem automobile roads... The role of sea transport is great (Rotterdam, Marseilles, Le Havre, Antwerp, Hamburg are the most important). Growth in the value of pipeline and rotary transport. Great significance is the tunnel along the English Channel.

Provincial provinces of Western Europe and the land are members of the "great family" - FRN, France, Great Britain, Italy.

The region is characterized by a high level of regional economic integration, integration of the regions into the European Union; the creation of state cordons within the framework of a single European economic space.

Territory - 3.7 million km 2.

Population - about 370 million Chol.

Zakhidna Europe is a subregion of foreign Europe, which includes 26 powers, which strongly vary from one to one by size, I will arrange a sovereign and the level of social and economic development. Zakhidna Europe is one of the three main centers of the light capital system.

The subregion of gravitas is significant for its role in the state-of-the-art and political politics, becoming one of the midst of the civilization of the world, the father of great geographic insights, industrial revolutions in the world, important

The land of Western Europe is not only geographically situated, but rather economically and politically connected. The form of government is close to 1/2 of the land - monarchies, іnshі - republics.

Geographic location

Zakhidna Europe zaima zahidnu part of the Eurasian continent, washed in the main waters Atlantic Ocean and if the pivnich of the Scandinavian peninsula is deprived of the waters of the Northern The icy ocean... With all the "mosaic" of the territory of Western Europe, between the borders of the border regions, and also the border, between the countries of the West and the West, it is important to pass through such natural boundaries, which are not important for transport.

EGP subregion is even more friendly. The price is tied to the time, so, in Perche, the edge of the subregion, or to go to the sea, or to the small parts of the country (not far 480 km), to develop economic links. In other words, even more importantly, the position of the cities of the country is one to one. Thirdly, the natural mind of the region as a whole is friendly for the development of industry, as well as Silskoy government.

Natural mind and resources

The territory of the subregion lies in the boundaries of the tectonic structures of the Rise of the East: Precambrian, Caledonian, Hercynian and the youngest - Cenozoic. As a result of the folding geological history of the formation of Europe in the boundaries of the subregion, several great orographic belts were established, which lastly changed one directly from winter to winter (the middle of the Central Europe and alpine high-class and middle-class, which occupy the first part of the world). A common warehouse of brown copalins in private (platform) and new (folding) parts of the region is growing rapidly. In the private part of the expansion, such as the ore corynsus copalini (tied with the Baltic shield and the areas of the Hercynian folding), as well as the salting (soil reduction in the marginal valleys, siege chokhli and epicontinental zones). At the paved part of the ore genera, And the reserves of burning resources are less. Disinterested in those scho mineral resources to finish the business, stock up bagatokh from them close to hanging. So, they served as the basis for the development of the important industry in the English and Nymechchyny basins, the French and Swiss ore basins, and played a lesser role. There are great reserves of brown coal in the FRN, bauxite in Greece and France, zinc-lead ores in the FRN, Ireland, Italy, hot salts in the FRN and France, uranium in France and the Naftian Sea. In general, Zakhidna Europe is protected by a mineral syruvina nabagato girshe, not Pivnichna America.

The agroclimatic resources of the region are located in the world and subtropical zones. In Seredzemnomor'ya stiyke, farming requires a piece of grain, which is tied to changes in the number of fallen goods in Europe. Most cultivated lands at a time in Italy and Spain.

Hydroenergetic resources of the overseas Europe and reach the great, but fall in the main in the regions of the Alps, Scandinavian and Dinaric mountains.

In the last Zakhidna Europe, the bully was covered with all kinds of flexible forests: taigo, winter, broad-leaved and subtropical forests. Aleh Bagatovikov gospodarske victoriannya territory called before it was natural. The foxes of production, the second fools grew up in the deyakie provinces. The greatest natural changes for the implementation of the forest government may be in Sweden and Finland, de-perevazhayut types of forest landscapes.

Zakhidna Europe is also great and versatile natural and recreational resources; 9% of the territory shall be applied before the “protected territories” category.

population

In general, Zakhidna Europe (yak and Skhidna) sees a foldable and unfriendly demographic situation. In the first place, it can be explained by the low population (“demographic winter”) and low natural growth rate. There is a very low population of people in Greece, Spain, Italy, and the Federal Republic of Russia (up to 10%). The FRN is trying to prevent a decline in the population. One hour change and change in the warehouse of the population at the lower part of the small group of children and the new part of the small group. All regions of Western Europe lie up to type I of the population.

All this has called to change the role of the subregion in the new systems of the world population. Yaksho s Hours of the Great geographic views Europe was the head in the middle of emigration, then ninja won into the head of the world in the world of labor. Immigrants are generally received before the weekends, road trips and before the car trip.

The national warehouse of the population is one-year, so it is important for the majority of 62 peoples in the region to be referred to the European Moving System. But the ethnical map of the subregion is not so uniform. Here є one-national powers (Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Switzerland, Dania, FRN, Austria, Italy), lands with one nation, alley from the Belle of nationalities, France warehouse (Switzerland).

In all lands of Western Europe, the religion is Christianity. In Pivdenniy Europe, it has a great deal of Catholicism, in Pivnichniy - Protestantism, in the Middle Smell it is in the Middle Ages.

Conflicts occur on the nationally-religious ground in some regions (for example, in the UK).

Zakhidna Europe is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, the population is being displaced in new one, and a geographic place will begin.

Rivne of urbanization - 70-90%. Characteristic of rice urbanization of Zakhidnoi Europe - even more so than the concentration of the population in the great places and small agglomerations. Most of them are Londonska, Parizka and Reinsko-Rurska. In Europe - Batkivshchyna of Moscow agglomerations in the 70s. the emerging and processes of suburbanization - to fuel the population from the difficult places in front of and in the people of the city.

domination

The region of foreign Europe (Western and Eastern) is coming to the fore in the world government for the size of the industrial and the agricultural sector, for the export of goods and services, for the stocks of gold and for the international tourism. Alekonomichnu mіts region in Pershu cherga viznachayut members of the "great family" - FRN, France, Great Britain and Italy. The most economical countries of Western Europe are the most economical countries in Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Switzerland. The economy of the region is diversified and specialized, as a rule, the first thing for everything on the outskirts. The small middle lands of the subregion are especially widely drawn in the light economies of the day. best viskogo rivnya The prevalence of economics in Belgium and Netherlands, Microdezhav and Western Europe (Andorra, Malta, Liechtenstein, San Marino, Monaco, Vatican).

The lowest level of economic development in the subregion is characterized by Iceland, Ireland, Portugal, Greece.

The "revealing" of the Western Europe in the MGRT is to begin before the development of the industry.

The burning-energy complex of Western Europe until recently was based on power resources; Infection of a fast part of Vugilla (up to 20%) і transition to naphtha і natural gas You can see yak near the region itself - in the Pivnichny Sea (1/3 of the demand), as well as imported from the countries, which are developing in Russia. A fraction of oil and gas in the burner-energy balance is close to 45%. At the TES, 50% of the electricity is used, at the HES - about 15%, I want the hydroenergetic potential in the main development. The most important place in the structure of power engineering - especially from France, Belgium, FRN, Great Britain - is borrowed by the AEC.

The metallurgical industry of Western Europe was basically formed before the ear of the scientific and technological revolution. Chorna metallurgy took away the development of persh for everything in the lands, with volodym metallurgy fire and / or abo sirovinoy. - FRN, Great Britain, France, Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg. Pislya Other light production centers of metallurgy began to grow in seaports with an import of more high-quality and cheap gold ore. For an hour remaining in black metallurgy, the trend is maintained until the future factories of small size (mini-backwaters).

We also took out the development of color metallurgy galusies: aluminum melting - from France, Italy, Greece, Norway, Switzerland, FRN, Austria; viplavka міді - in the Federal Republic of Science, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium.

Machinery and metal processing is a provincial industry of Western Europe, in which it falls close to 1/3 of the volume industrial products region and 2/3 of the year export. The development of all the main halls of machine-building was taken away, and the especially great value of the transport machine-building (automobile-building, ship-building) and verstato-building.

Machine building is based on labor resources, science base and infrastructure. per zalny rіvnyu The development of machinery is seen in front of the FRN, Great Britain, France, Italy is a country with a high level of development of machinery, a significant export, a number of countries with a high level of development of the Swiss gallery, Switzerland. Netherlands, Belgium, Norway. In the doyaky provinces, there is still a lot of machinery for cars - Ireland, Portugal, Iceland.

Chemistry and business in Europe loaning another place for machinery. An important change in the structure of galusa for the last 20 years was the reorientation to carbohydrate syruvina. Great centers of naphtha development in the estuaries of the Rhine, Thames, Seni, Elbi, Roni; in them, the tsia galuzi will go to the naphtopererobka.

Easy prominism of Western Europe is experiencing important hours, hoping for the ear of XX century. The light industry of Europe has taken the first place in the world. Old industrial textile districts near Great Britain, Belgium, France, Italy continue to be promoted, although the meaning is not great, and, moreover, it is easy to make up for the European Union, because of the cheap reserves.

Bagatious lands have a lot of money national traditions from virobnitsvі furniture, musical instruments, virobіv from skla, metal, embellishment, іgrashok, etc.

The Silskoe state gratitude to the subregion as a whole is highly degraded, borrowing more money from the sacred Silskoe state gratitude, here up to 15% of grain, about 15% of meat and 30% of milk are consumed. For the main types of agricultural products, a large number of countries will increase their consumption and export part of their products.

Pislya Other svitovoi vіyny vіyni vіyni vіnіy in zemlevodіnnya and zemlekorystuvannya - on the replacement of the universal rural rural government a great specialized government, the system of agrobusiness has come. Ale in the agrarian trade and development of the Silskoy government, its specialization and marketability are taken by great prominence between the countries. Whole also has a natural vision. In the subregion, three main types of the Silskoy statehood have sprung up because of the overwhelming number of factors.

Pivnichno-European type characteristic for Scandinavia, Finland, Great Britain. Here, in the main, milk production and fodder production.
The middle European type is characterized by the breeding of dairy and milk-meat directly, as well as pigs and poultry. Roslinstvo supplies yak food and feed products.
The Southern Opeyskiy type - to see, on the view of the first two, to the subtropical growth of the growth, the creation of the yoma is meaningfully done.

Ribalism є galuzzi of international specialization in Norway, Denmark, Iceland; rozvinene in the primorsky powers.

Transport main lines of Western Europe and become a single regional transport system. Here, the roof is thicker than the roof, the role of international and transit transportation is great. The leading role in vantazhoobigu is motor transport, the hedge of motorways is constantly growing, and the hedge is growing faster. Great significance may also be historically formed and new sea and river routes. There are great transport universities in the land and internal water routes. Similar universities are also great sea port They were re-created in a Danish hour in the port-Promislov_ complexes.

Pivdenna Europe - a part of Europe, roztashovana at the pivden tsієї part of the world. In Pivdennu Europe, as a rule, they include lands on birch trees Midland Sea- the lands of the Pireneysky Piostrov (Portugal, Spain, Andorra), Monaco, the states, roztasovani on the Apenninsky Piostrov (Italy, Vatican, San Marino), Greece, as well as the islands of the State of Malta.

Geographic location

The basis is the Cenozoic (Apennian, Balkan Peninsula) and Hercynian (Pireneyskiy pivostriv) folding. Relief of the region of business, є without cinnamon copalins: aluminum, polymetallic, medium, mercury (Spain - one of the leaders for the type of pyrite and mercury), uranium, gaseous ruins.

climat

Pivdenna Europe is home to its hot climate, rich history and warm waters of the Middle Earth Sea. The lands of European Europe are intertwined with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Ugorshchina, Rumunin, Bulgaria. Turechchina at the descent from Syrian, Azerbaijan, Irak, Virmenin, Iran, Georgia. Near all the lands of the European Europe, the subtropical Mediterranean climate is fertile, so it can get over warm temperatures close to + 24 ° C, and it’s cold, close to + 8C. fall

nature

Pivdenna Europe may be more likely to be located in the zone of hard green leavesі chagarnikіv, yak protected the deprivation on the Uzbek coast of the Sered-earth Sea (the lodovik і burned them, and the trees moved over the mountains). Fauna: goats, servali, horned goats, foxes, monitor lizards, vovki, borsuki, noti. Flora: pine trees, kam'yani dubi, myrtle, olives, grapes, citrus, magnolia, cypress, chestnut, yalivtsi.

The powers of the European Union of Europe roztashovani on the Pireneysky and Balkansky pvostrovy (Spain, Italy, Portugal, Greece). Populate the people of the Romance group (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese). Industry: development of black and color metallurgy. Mineral resources: mercury ores, polymetal ores, naphtha, Kam'yane vugillya, natural gas. Bagato crumbled lands, pastures.

Panuє capitalistic character of the administration of the state, more development of the household economy. The main type of agricultural enterprise is a farm. In the Pivdenniy Europe, in the minds of a subtropical climate, it is biologically important to grow grapes, olives, pomegranates, palm trees.

Pivdenna Europe has received a great number of tourists.

37. General economic and geographical characteristics of Middle Europe.

warehouse

Middle Europe as a historical-geographical region includes :

Nimechchin, Austria, Switzerland, France,

Belgium, Netherlands, Great Britain, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg

Geographic location

Zakhidna Europe will take over a part of the Eurasian continent, washed in the main waters of the Atlantic Ocean, and if the Scandinavian peninsula pivnich - by the waters of the Northern Ice Ocean. With all the "mosaic" nature of the territory of Western Europe, between the border regions, as well as the border, between the countries of the West and the North, pass through such natural boundaries, as not transport crossings.

EGP subregion is even more friendly. The price is tied to the time, so, in Perche, the edge of the subregion, either to go to the sea, or to move to small parts of the country (not far 480 km), to develop economic links. In a different way, even more importantly, the position of the cities of the country is one to one. Thirdly, the natural mind of the region is generally friendly for the development of both industry and the Silskoy state.

Middle Europe is the largest and most massive part of foreign Europe. It includes the mainland part, which is the main rank of the island and the Eastern European region. At the same hour, the loan, as I will show the name, is the middle position in the European sub-arctic and pivdenniy subtropic outskirts.

Natural mind and resources

The territory of the subregion lies in the boundaries of the tectonic structures of the Rise of the East: Precambrian, Caledonian, Hercynian and the youngest - Cenozoic. In rezultatі skladnoї geologіchnoї іstorії formuvannya Єvropi in furrows subregіonu utvorilisya Vier great orografіchnih belt SSMSC poslіdovno zmіnyuyut one napryamku in one of pіvnochі on Pivden (i ploskogіr'ya visochini Fennoskandii, Serednoєvropeyska rіvnina, serednogіr'ya Tsentralnoї Єvropi i alpіyskі visokogіr'ya i serednogіr 'I will take the first part). The warehouse of cinnamon copalins in the private (platform) and new (folding) parts of the region is growing rapidly. In the private part of the expansion, such as the ore corynsus copalini (tied with the Baltic shield and the areas of the Hercynian folding), as well as the salting (soil reduction in the marginal valleys, siege chokhli and epicontinental zones). At the paved part of the country, ore genera are re-fermented, and the reserves of burning resources are less. Unimportant for those who have a mineral resource to reach their usefulness, stocks of baggage from them are close to hanging. So, they served as the basis for the development of the important industry in the English and Nymechchin basins, the French and Swedish ore basins, and played a lesser role. There are great reserves of brown coal in the FRN, bauxite in Greece and France, zinc-lead ores in the FRN, Ireland, Italy, hot salts in the FRN and France, uranium in France and the Naftian Sea. In general, Zakhidna Europe is secured by the mineral syruvina nabagato girshe, nizh Pivnichna America.

Hydroenergetic resources of the overseas Europe and reach the great, but fall in the main in the regions of the Alps, Scandinavian and Dinaric mountains.

Zakhidna Europe is also great and versatile natural and recreational resources; 9% of the territory shall be applied before the “protected territories” category.

Zagalna characteristic foreign Europe ................................................ .............................. 3

1. Territory, cordon, provision ........................................... ................................................ 3

2. Natural mind and resources ............................................ .................................................. .. 4

3. Population: building, migration, national warehouse, urbanization ................. 5

4. Gentleness: a place in the world, in view of the country ....................................... ..................... 7

5. Promise: head galuzy ............................................ ........................................... eight

6. Silske statehood: three main types .......................................... ...................................... eleven

7. Transport: main branches and universities .......................................... ..................................... 13

8. Science and finance: science and pre-parks and banking centers .................... 14

9. Outcomes and tourism: the main tourist region of the world ........................................ ................... fourteen

entry

Zarubizhna (according to the history of the SND) Europe has a loan of 5.1 million km 2 for a population of 500 million Cholovik (1995). Here, there are close to 40 sovereign powers that have been tied together with their own spirit of historical proportions, with their political, economic and cultural differences. Foreign Europe is one of the branches of civilization, the Batkivshchyna of Great Geographical Indications, industrial revolutions, urban agglomerations, international economic integration. I wish, as you already know, the era of "Eurocentrism" has passed in the past, the whole region and in our days it is even more important in the world politics and economy.

Zagalny characteristic of foreign Europe 1. Territory, cordon, position.

The territory of overseas Europe is to stretch from winter to winter (from Spitsbergen to Crete) by 5 thousand. Km, and at the entrance to the skid more than 3 yew. Km. mid European countries It’s big and mensh great, but in the greatness of its stench, it’s sometimes small.

The economic and geographical position of the regions of the overseas Europe is based on two head rice.

According to the Pershe, the suspicion of the ciches of the land is one to one. With altogether small dimensions of the territory, little "glybin" and garnished transport "passages" of the land, or even without a middle distance, or divided by small spaces. Until then, it’s important to pass through such natural boundaries, as you don’t have significant crossovers for transport links.

In a different way, a seaside camp of the most important countries, a lot of those who have been rocked close to those who have sea shlikhiv... Near the western part of the region there is a mismatch, in the distance from the sea, more by 480 km, in the mainland - by 600 km. All the life of Great Britain, Netherlands, Dania, Norway, Iceland, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece for a long time has been closely tied to the sea, "daughter of the sea" - so you can tell about the skin from them.

political card region stretching the XX century. I have become aware of the great changes of three: the first and the other warriors of the world and in the rest of the rock (the union of Nimechchina, the confusion of the independence of the Baltic countries, the fall of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, the change of the suspicious harmony in the country)

In the foreign Europe, there are represented both republics, monarchies, united states, and federal powers.

2. Natural mind and resources.

Natural rethinks for the industry of overseas Europe went down with a great influx of redistribution of red copalins. However, its warehouse in private (platform) and private (warehouse) parts of the region is growing rapidly.

At the private part of the widening, like the ore coryns, they are tied with the Baltic shield and the zone of Hercynian folding, as well as the fires, "tied" the persh for everything before the siege chokhl by the platforms and the edge of the edge.

Among the Kamyanovugilny basins, one can see Rurskiy in the FRN and Verkhnyo-Silezkiy in Poland, in the middle of the naphtha-gas-bearing ones - Sєvєromorskiy, in the middle of the gold-bearing ones - Lotarinskiy at Franz and Kiruna in Switzerland.

In the early part of the country, the ore of the genus, both magmatic, and siege (bauxite) prodigy, are recovered, and the reserves of burning resources are much less here. Such a tectonic Budovian territory of a significant world explains the "incompleteness" of the set of brown copalins in the suburbs.

Hydroenergetic resources of the overseas Europe and reach the great, but fall in the main in the regions of the Alps, Scandinavian and Dinaric mountains.

Natural rethinks for the Silskoy state dignity, the region is very friendly and widely victorious at the same time stretching out the table. As a result, the reserves for the expansion of the crumbled lands are practically already wintered, and the "nurturing" on them is growing. That is why the seaside lands are small, and the first for all the Netherlands, they continue to advance on the coast of the sea.

In the Netherlands, there is a stretch of bagatooh storich behind the additional dams and rowing of the sea is doubled to 1/3 of the entire territory of the country.

It is not for nothing that there is an order: "God opened the earth, and the Dutch - Holland." The draining of Lake Eisselmer, which was previously a sea trough, is completed, and the so-called "Delta-Plan" is going to be transferred to the Uzbeks.

Agroclimatic resources in the region are located in the subtropical zones, and in the subtropical zones. At Seredzemnomor'i stiyke, farming requires piece grain farming. Most of the cultivated lands in Italy and Spain.

The greatest natural changes for the implementation of the forest government may be in Sweden and Finland, de-crossing types of forest landscapes: the foxes curl the lower and upper reaches, the shores of the rivals and lakes, go to the settlements. It’s not for nothing that the people seem to say: "Finland is without a fox, that is, without wool."

Foreign Europe is also great and versatile natural and recreational resources.

3. Population: building, migration, national warehouse, urbanization.

By the same hour, the population of the foreign Europe became even more common. As you already know, it’s worth explaining, that a foldable demographic situation is characteristic of the development of the population of the region. The people of the country are going to see a natural decline in the population. One hour change and change the warehouse of the population, the growing part of people of the kidnapped age.

All this has called to the development of a small part of the region in the light systems of the new migration of the population. Kolishnya in an hour of the Great Geographical Indications is the head of the middle emigration, the foreign Europe was transformed into the head of the world in the fire of labor emigration. Now there are 12-13 million foreign workers here, which means that some of them are not hulks, but temporary guests-robots (in the name of "guest workers").

per national warehouse The population of the foreign Europe is one-of-a-kind: the majority of the 62 peoples in the region are referred to the European Moving Family. With a lot of controversy, the words of the word, the romance, the name of the group may have significant values. Those are the domineering and movam of the Ural family. Protect the ethnical map of the region, which was laid out over a thousand years, is not so simple. The order of the mono-national, here there are few powers with a folding national warehouse, in which the remaining hour is spared the warning of international warnings; with a butt of this kind you can serve Yugoslavia.

In all lands of the foreign Europe, the religion is Christianity. In Pivdenniy Europe, Catholicism is rapidly transcending, in Pivnichniy - Protestantism; and in the middle stench there are in the middle spines. Rome has the center of Catholicism - the Vatican.

Foreign Europe is one of the most densely populated regions of the world. With a great displacement of the population in a new one, a geographer will start working on it. The level of urbanization is one of those who find it in the world: in the middle, 73% live in localities, and in some regions more than 80% and 90% of the entire population. There is a large number of places in the thousands, and the hedge is even thicker. Proceedingly, stretching a thousand years, it was a Western European type of place, the roots of which lasted until the hours of the Roman Empire and the middle.

Rice is characteristic of the urbanization of foreign Europe ~ even more than the concentration of the population in the great places and small agglomerations, which are more here, not in the USA and Japan at once. Most of them are Londonska, Parizka and Reinsko-Rurska. U 70-i pp. due to the period of rapid growth of the places and agglomerations, there are growing populations from their centers (nuclei) from a number in the close and distant places, and at the same time, to a greater extent there are other "places" As a result, the number of people living in the central regions of London, Paris, Hamburg, Vidnya, Milana and other places has become more or less stable, or it has begun to feel fast. I will name the whole process in nautsi suburbanization.

It is clear from the forecasts of the level of urbanization in the region until the end of the XX century. can reach up to 85%.

4. Gentleness: a place in the world, in view of the world.

Foreign Europe, as a tsilisny region, borrowed the first place in the state government for the size of the industrial and the agricultural sector, for the export of goods and services, for the reserves of gold and foreign exchange, and for the development of international tourism.

Zrozumilo, as an economical motz region in Persha Chergu vznachayut chotiri of the land, to enter into the "great family" of the land of entry - FRN, France, Great Britain and Italy. The country itself is the best with a wide range of summer galuzei and virobnits. Aleksandr spіvvіdnoshennya forces between them for the remainder of ten years of change. The role of the leader passed to the FRN, the economy of which on the roads of reindustrialization develops more dynamically. Great Britain, the “master of the world”, has lost a lot of its own number of positions.

The most economical countries are Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Switzerland. On the vidminu of chotirhoh of the leading lands, the economy is special to go ahead on the outskirts, which won, as a rule, the European or the worlds of knowledge. Small and middle lands are especially widely drawn in the modern economy. Most of the highest level of economic acceptance in Belgium and Netherlands.

A special place on the economic map of the region is occupied by the land of the Eastern Europe, from the end of the 1980s. the transition from the coli-system and suspension power and centralized planning to the system based on market principles is considered.

5. Promise: head galusies.

"Discovered" of foreign Europe in the international geographic subdivision of the past 200 years since the beginning, which now has a lot to begin with the development of industry.

The region has more metal-working verstats, industrial robots, precise and optical attachments, automobiles, tractors, naphtha products, plastics, chemical fibers, not in the USA.

Mashinostroyenie- provid the galuz of the industry of the foreign Europe, yak є yogo Batkivshchyna. 1/3 of all industrial products fall to the region and 2/3 of the export.

Machine-building, which is focused on labor resources, science base and infrastructure, the most difficult to great places and agglomerations, including the capital. But at the same time for the skin with the number of galleys, the machine itself has its own type of specialty organization.

The UK has a development of electrical engineering, electronics, an economy, aerospace industry, a district of London, a development of verstatobuduvannya and automotive - the Birmingham area, a textile machinery - a district of Mangoduvannya

One of the largest industrial universities in foreign Europe is the capital of the Ugorsk region, Budapest. Here, more than 1/3 of all industrial products of the country can be used.

Ale є і such districts and іnіt tіlі lands, in which machines the buzzing is even more rosy. At the FRN, Belgium, Netherlands, Great Britain, Czech enterprises, there are galusa centers in the skin.

Chemistry in foreign Europe is borrowing another place for machinery. It is especially important to refer to the very "chemistry" of the country not only to the region, but to the whole world - FRN.

Until other times, the chemical industry was organized as a head rank on the Kamyan and the storm of the Vugilla, Kaliin and cooking salts, Pyrite and growing in areas of їkh vidobutku. The reorientation of the galuzy on the carbohydrate syruvina called for it before it was destroyed "to naphtha." In the western part of the region, the destruction of the viraz persh for everything great centers naftokhimії in the estuaries of Thames, Seni, Rhine, Elbi, Roni, de tsya galuzi will go to the naptopererobka.

The largest university in the region of naphtha production and oil refineries was formed in the Rhine and Sheldi Estuaries in the Netherlands, in the Rotterdam region. In fact, I will provide service to all Zakhidna Europe.

In the gated part of the region, the destruction "to oil" is grafted to the stem of the refinery and naphtha-chemical complexes on the routes of the main naphtha and gas pipelines.

Heads of naphtha-refining and naphtha-chemical enterprises of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ugorshchyna Buli were encouraged to take the route of the international oil pipeline "Druzhba" and gas pipelines that supply naphtha and natural gas. In Bulgaria, the reasons for naphtochimia are "destroyed" to the Uzbek coast of the Black Sea.

From the fire and energy government of the large lands of the foreign countries of Europe, they have borrowed naphtha and natural gas for a long time. The video clip and living in the UK, FRN, France, Netherlands have quickly passed. In the generalized part of the region, there is a lot of growth for the future, moreover, there is no style for stone (Poland, Czechia), but for a storm. Mabut, in all the light of the dumb region, de bure vugilla grav bi has such a great role in the fire and energy balance.

Naybilshi in the foreign European drilling pools are located in Poland (Belhatuv), Czech (Pivnichno-Chesky) and Nimechchiny (Nizhnyo-Lauzitsky, Halle-Leiptsyzky).

There is a great deal of TEC on the Vugilny Basin. The stench is also prompted in seaports (on a private land) and in great places... More and more influx into the structure and geography of power engineering - especially in France, Belgium, FRN, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ugorshchina, Bulgaria - we have added AES, which in the region are already more than 80 (div. Malyunok 51). On the Danube and on its tributaries, on the Rony, Rhine, Duero, there is a HES or a whole cascade.

Most of the hydraulic units on the Danube, prompting on the cob of the 70s. in the gorge of the Zalizni gate with the spilny zusillas of Rumunia and Yugoslavia. Hydroelectric power station demand - 2.1 mln. KW, electric power supply - 11 bln. KW per year.

The metallurgical industry of foreign Europe was basically formed before the ear of the scientific and technological revolution. Chorna metallurgy took away the development of the first for everything in the lands, as well as with metallurgical firing and (abo) syruvina, - FRN, Great Britain, France, Spain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Poland, Czech Republic.

The Polish metallurgical base was formed on the basis of the Verkhnyo-Silezkiy kam'yanovugilny basin. Before the її warehouse, there are close to two dozen factories, and in this number two are two great combinates - "Huta-Krakiv" and "Katowice".

The idea of other new developments in the great metallurgical combinatizations was prompted by the expansion in seaports for the import of more high-quality and cheap gold ore and metal rubbish.

The most and the most successful of the combinats, which are equipped in seaports, are located in Taranto (Italy). Yogo toughness - 10 million tons of steel in rіk.

For an hour, it will not be great combinates, but small backwaters.

Nayvazhlivіshі galuzі color metallurgy - aluminіvіvі and popular industry. Vyrobnitstvo aluminum vinyklo yak near the edges, I have stocks bauxite (France, Italy, Ugorshchina, Rumuniya, Gretsiya), as well as in the regions, there is no alumina sirovini, but there is a lot of electricity (Norway, Switzerland, FRN, Austria). For an hour, the aluminum backwaters will become more and more interested in the Syrovina, so that you can come from the lands, and you will develop by sea route.

Mіdna industry has withdrawn the greatest development from FRN, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Yugoslavia.

Lisovian promiscuity, which focuses on dzherela sirovini, has been transformed into a galuz of the international specialization of Sweden and Finland, which has long since established the head "Lisovy workshop" of the region.

It is an easy prodigy, because, as you already know, the industrialization of foreign Europe has been repaired, it has lost its significance with a significant world. Quite old textile districts, which were formed on the occasion of the industrial revolution (Lancashire and Yorkshire in Great Britain, Flanders in Belgium, Lyonsky in France, Milansky in Italy), as well as Vinik in the 19th century. Odzkiy region Poland is in our days. In an hour, it’s easy to make a promise to make it to Holy Europe, so make sure to reserve cheap working power. Thus, Portugal has transformed itself not into the head "garment factory" of the region. And italia s virobnitstva does not act only in the United States.

In the Bagate region, there is also a wealth of national traditions in furniture, music instruments, music from skla, metal, embellishment, igrashok, etc.

6. Silske Gospodarstvo: Three Basic Tipi.

For the main types of agricultural products, a large number of countries will increase their consumption and supply in the first place on the foreign markets. In the system of agriculture and agriculture, significant changes have been introduced, due to the transition from the universal universal rural government to the great special agricultural system included The main type of silskogospodarskogo enterprise has become a large, highly mechanized farm. Ale in Pivdenniy Europe is still rearing for land farming and other land farming for peasants-rent.

The heads of the galusies of the Silskoy Gospodarstvo of the foreign Europe are the development and the creation, which are widened everywhere, one by one. With the influx of natural and historical minds in the region, three main types of the Silskoy statehood have been formed: 1) Pivnichno-European, 2) Middle-European, and 3) Pivdenno-European.

For the pivnіchno-European type, expanded in Scandinavia, Finland, as well as in Great Britain, the transfer of intensive dairy production is characteristic, and in the service industry - fodder crops and silver cakes. The middle European type is adapted to the breeding of dairy and milk-meat directly, as well as pigs and poultry.

Much more than the highest level has reached the level of creation in Denmark, it has long become a galuzzi of international specialization. Tsia kraina is one of the most popular in the world of virobniks and exporters of olia, milk, sir, pork, eggs. It’s not for nothing that I’m not so harshly calling the “dairy farm” Europe.

Roslinnytsvo is not deprived of satisfying basic consumption of the population in food, but th "pratsyuk" for food. Significantly, and in some part of the forest land is occupied by fodder crops.

For the pivdenno-European type, it is characteristic of the importance of the development of growth, while the creation of a different role. If I want to use the grain culture, the international specialization of the European Union, it should start in front of a variety of fruits, citrus fruits, grapes (which have found time to serve as a symbol of bitterness, olives). Uzberezhzhya of the Seredzemny Sea is the head "garden of Europe".

All the middle-sea Uzbeks of Spain and especially the region of Valencia are called "Uerta", that is, "Garden". Here you can grow fruits and vegetables, ale nibilshe - oranges, and a variety of trivia from the breast to the birch trees. For the export of oranges, Spain is a loan for the first time in the world.

Ribalism has long become a galuzzi of international specialization in Norway, Denmark and especially in Iceland.

7. Transport: main main lines and universities.

The regional transport system of the region is carried out in the basic up to Western European type. For the distance, the transportation of the won on the basis of the price is transferred to the systems of the United States and Russia. Then, due to the safety of the transport, the cost is far ahead, occupying the first place in the world. Douzhe visok і the density of the roach, the role of international and transit transportation is great. Altogether, not very large cities stimulated the development of automobile transport, which now plays a leading role in the transportation of not only passengers, but also vantages. Merezha zaliznytsya in large lands will speed up, and great new buildings in the 50s and 70s. boules are typical only for the doers of the territories of Western Europe (Poland, Yugoslavia, Albania).

The configuration of the transport network for the region is much more flexible. Alle the main frame, the main lines of latitudinal and meridional straight lines, which may be internationally significant, are set up.

River paths are also meridional (Rhine) or latitude (Danube) straight. The Rhine has a particularly large transport network, which transports 250 - 300 million tons of vantages to the river. When the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway was put into operation, which was the cause of the offense of the new water arteries of the foreign Europe, the fault is guilty of maturity.

There are great transport universities in the land and internal water routes. On the day, such universities are at sea ports, where service providers can be provided in advance of international transportation. Bagato ports (London, Hamburg, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Le Havre) are located in the girly-estuaries of the rik, which will knit them in the gleaming districts. All the stench was actually re-made in one port-industrial complex. For them, the characteristic development of the galuzei of the maritime state, especially the so-called "port industry", is good for the privilege of the overseas syrovin. The largest of them is Rotterdam.

Vantazoobig of the Rotterdam port to become 250 - 300 million tons per river. Rosetting on one of the branches of the Rhine, 33 km from the sea, in the viconu of the function of the head sea gates for the European regions. In the Glybinny regions, there are watered roads along the Rhine and the Moselle, overland and highway roads, Naftogaz-wires.

Transport hemispheres of the regions may have a radial (single-center) configuration, like with France, de “all roads lead to Paris,” or with many centers, like, for example, with FRN.

8. Science and finance: science and history parks and banking centers.

Behind the butt of the "Silikonovo Valley" in the United States, in foreign Europe, there is also a wealth of scientific and pre-historic parks, as well as the geography of science in a number of countries. Most of them are located in the outskirts of Cambridge (Great Britain), Munich (FRN). At the beginning of France, in the Nice district, the so called "Valley high technology».

Foreign Europe has 60 of the 200 most popular banks. Switzerland has long become the benchmark of the country-banking:

in the safes of the її banks lie half of all valuable papierіv svіtu. Especially seen is the "economic capital" of the land - Tsurich. I will stay for an hour in the land of the banker, having reworked and Luxembourg. And yet London is still the largest financial center of the boulevard.

9. Vidpochinok and tourism: the main tourist region of the world.

As you already know, Europe is the leading region of international tourism. "Record holder of the world" for tourism - France, as well as 50 million Choloviks; tse means, that on a skin Frenchman there is a fit, approximately one every other earthly person! Until the number of the most popular tourist regions, there are also Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Ugorschina, Portugal, Greece. And in such microdisciplines, such as Andorra, San Marino, Monaco, the service of tourists has long been the main source of income. Here, one hundred tourists fall on a skin resident.

Among the foreign Europe, most tourists are widely represented - Korekreatsionnye regions and two types - Primorski and Girski.

The head district of the seaside tourism is Seredzemnomor'ya, which is usually seen from 100 to 150 million Cholovik. Especially popular are the Uzbeks of the Lagurian Sea, where there are snatches from the Alps of the Cote d'Azur (Riv'era) with the center in Nice, the Uzbek coast of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia, the Uzbeks of Spain, the Balearic Islands.

The head district of Girskiy tourism - Alpi. The lower belt of gir vikoristovuyetsya the leading rank for likuvannya and pishokhid tourism, middle - for busy hirskolizhny sports, upper - for mountaineering.

The order of the countries, "how to sell their own klimat", tourists and those who like to welcome "old stones of Europe" - memorials of the її places. Paris, Rome, Madrid (Div. Malyunok 55), de in lime - crescent of the inhabitants of the city, melodiously, less, less priyzhzhi became a kind of "tourist Mecca". There are also no tourists in London, Amsterdam, Western, Dresden, Praz, Budapest, Venice, Naples, Afin.

10. Guard dovkilla and ecological problems: podolannya contaminated.

As a result of the high population density, long-standing industrial and agricultural development of the territory

natural middle ground foreign Europe in the greatest world has become geographic middle human suspension... All kinds of anthropogenic landscapes are widened here. Ale, suddenly, the tse summoned the environmental problems.

All regions of the region should pursue a state-owned environmental policy and take all the more important steps in from guarding the midst. Seeing suvors of nature protection laws, the recognition of mass community organizations and the party of "greens", propaganda of victorious bicycles is being conducted, the border of national parks and other territories, which are protected, has been expanded.

Everything called for the first positive results. However, the ecological situation in Bagatyokh lands is still becoming more and more foldable. In the first place, it is carried out to Great Britain, Federal Republic of People's Republic, Belgium, Poland, Czech Republic.

In the 80s, pp. In Poland, there are 27 areas of growing environmental protection, in some bags 35% of the population of the country. An old place of Krakiv, which is the largest metallurgical combine in Poland, which has been denuded by the ecology daredevil.

In total ecological situation in the generalized part of the foreign Europe it is meaningfully better, not in the western one.

Competitors not only from the European regions, Japan and the United States, but can not forget to play for the equal scientific products in the rapid development of the European-Eastern Asia. Characteristics of the structure and peculiarities of the economy of Nimechchin The economy of Nimechchini is characterized by "...

Chi has infiltrated the robot of American companies to engage in unruly, relying on the backlog of growth in the US economy. While in 1998 the rate of expansion of business became 23%, then in the flow rate of the stench according to the forecast of the previous company "McGrow - Hill", it is not 5%. Protest, the foreign parties of the contracts are organized by the American alarm companies. 1999 r, yak clean, ...

Features EGP Area yew. Km Land of V. Europe is a single natural-territorial massif, stretching across the Baltic to the Black and Adriatic Sea. At the base of the region and adjacent to the new land is the ancient Precambrian platform, overlapping the sedimentary rocks with a chock, as well as the region of Alpine folding. the region can go to the Baltic, Adriatic, Egeysk, Black seas, Finnskoy outlets, which allow mothers to call the countries of Asia, Africa, the powers of the SNM and Europe. However, a part of the powers that have been ameliorated by the world of mobility: Ugorshchyna, Czechia, Slovakia. An important special feature of all regions is the region є їх transit provision between the countries of Western Europe and the SND.

Natural resources Kam'yans of the Vugilla in Poland (Upper Silez Basin) and in the Czech Republic (Ostrava-Karvinsky Basin); naphtha and gas in Rumunia; hydroenergy resources in Bulgaria, Macedonia; Zalizna ore in Rumunia, Slovakia, as well as on the territory of the land of Yugoslavia; mid in Poland, Rumunia, Bulgaria; bauxite in Ugorshchyna; lameness in Albania; oil shale in Estonia; sirka and hot salts in Poland and Rumunia.

Roody runts: razmischeni on the plains of the regions of Skidnoy Europe, the first for everything on the Middle Dnieper lower line. The stench is a good basis for the development of the Silskoy statehood (with the blame of the Baltic region. Water resources: Represented by the great river systems: Danube, Visla, Oder and IN. Safety of the resources of the secondary river runoff per capita - from 2.5 to 50 thousand cubic meters per river - average by value; agroclimatic resources: friendly for growing cereals, dormouse, red beetles, cartoons; the region of good health with warmth and will, except for the private part;

The lack of fossil resources in general is a lack for the development of the fox government from 30 to 40% of the territory; Lishe in the lands of the Baltic conifers Lisy Mayut promise value... Widely represented natural and recreational resources by resorts: Karlovy Vary (Czech Republic), Zakopane (Poland), Zolot Piski (Bulgaria), Balaton (Ugorshchyna), resorts on Adriatic, Tatri in Czech.

Population Number, mln. Cholovik; Naybilshu population size of Ma Poland (38.4 million Chol.), Naymenshu Estoniya (1.5 million Chol.). The average population size is from 10 to 100 people per sq. kilometer; Type of production - II: population, mortality, natural nature is low. Ugors and bulgaria spite a decline in population (most - in Albania); Perevazhannya zh_nochogo population; (Крім Albania) The region is characterized by an old settlement; Region є leaving in the history of labor migration to the lands of Western Europe; Skidna Europe volodya labor resources of average qualifications.

National warehouse: reloading Slov'yanska movna group (Poles, Czechs, Bulgarians, Slovaks, Serbs, Slovenes, etc.); romanska (Romani); baltiyska (Lithuanian, Latvian). International problems in the provinces of the Collegiate Yugoslavia (Serbia, Bosnia and in.), In the Baltic states (interchange of the rights of the Russian commune population), in Bulgaria (through the provisions of the Turkish minority) (through the government Naybіlsh one-way behind the national warehouse Poland, Ugorshchyna, Albania, Lithuania. Religions: Orthodoxy, (Serbia, Macedonia, Chornogoria, Rumunia, Bulgaria), Catholicism, Lutheranism, in pivdni (three in number) - Islam (Albania);

Urbanization Rivne of urbanization: close to% of the population lives in places, most of them: Bucharest, Warsaw, Budapest; Region є leaving in the history of labor migration to the lands of Western Europe;

Industry Power Industry Due to the shortage of oil reserves, the region has been allocated to the region, a large part of the electric power is transferred to the TES (up to 60%), but it is less important to locate the HES and AEC. Great value and hydraulic resources (Bulgaria, Rumunia, Poland); In the region, one of the largest AESs, "Kozloduy" in Bulgaria, was prompted. Metallurgy Orієntovana і on a whip and on a free basis: color - in Poland, Ugorshchyna, Bulgaria; chorna - in Poland, Czech Republic;

Internal awareness 1. Personal group: Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia. For the cich of the land, the low steps of integration are characteristic, and the development of the marine state is typical. 2. Central group: Czechia, Slovakia, Ugorschina. The dignity of the first two lands to be of a very industrial character. Czech Republic is the first place in the region for a wide range of industrial products per capita. 3. Pivdenna group: Rumunia, Bulgaria, lands of the Yugoslavia, Albania. At the last - the most of all the countries of the country, and at the same time, unaffected by the great changes in the national government, the country of the whole group and the countries of the 1st and 2nd groups for a large number of indications.