The largest reserves of gold ores roztashovuyut krayny. Features of gold ore in Russia
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"Metallurgy complex of the Russian Federation" - Chorna metallurgy. Metallurgical complex. Trends in the development of galuzy. Great metallurgical company to the light. Electrometallurgy. Leader with a kind of gold ore. Most steel exporters. OPEC warehouse. stocks kam'yanogo wugillya and gold ore. The essence of the blast-furnace process. Distribution factor. The main "vugilny" and "zalizorudny" bridges. Practical robot... Chavun. Kisnevo-converter process.
"Girnichodobuvna Industry and Metallurgy" - Vidobutok bauxite. Svitovy vidobutok. Factory virobniztva. Girnichodobuvny states. Center for black metallurgy. Girnichodobuvna industry and metallurgy. Metallurgy. International trade in gold ore. Girnichodobuvnoy promislovosti center. Rosemiri virobnitstva. Color metallurgy centers. Girnichodobuvna promiscuity. The head of the country with the production of color metals.
"Warehouse for the metallurgical complex" - Type of enterprises black metallurgy... Geography of galuzy. Warehouse for the complex. Prospects. Combination. Shlyakhi virіshennya environmental problems... More than 60% of the efforts are being made in Russia. Steel production in the Russian Federation. Chorna metallurgy. Significance of the metallurgical complex. Scheme of a metallurgical combine. Distribution factor. Metallurgical complex. Galuz complex. Presentation about the metallurgical complex.
"Test for Metallurgy" - Yakness of steel. Podannya about ways of otrimannya metals. Metal, sacrifice to the "ore devil". great centri metallurgy. See metallurgy. Economic difficulties. Metallurgical complex. Black metallurgy enterprises. Cherepovets metallurgical combine. Metallurgy. Main products of black metallurgy. Presentation about the metallurgical complex. Sukupn_st galuzei, which vibrate versatile metal.
"Girnich-metallurgy complex" - Enterprises. Metallurgical backwater cycle. Syrovin. Machinery complex. Distribution of metallurgical virobnitstva. Metallurgical bases of Russia. Center for black metallurgy. Base of important metals. Distribution of MSK. Warehouse i value MK. The colors were thrown. Features of metallurgy. Warehouse MSC. The coping factor. Metallurgical complex.
Zalizna ore is a valuable mineral, the main component of yak є zalizo. For the industrial view, it is economically and economically visible ore with a great volume of deposits, more than 40%, the highest amount of presence of deposits in a magnetic deposit is 70%.
Svitovi reserves of gold ore
Vidobutok zaliznoi ore - one of the provincial galuzees of the virobnichesky complex in Russia. Unimportant to the whole fact, our land is less than 5.6% of ore in the backyard. In total, the light stocks are becoming up to 160 billion tons. Behind the alternate piedrachunks, instead of the clean land, up to 80 milliard tons can be reached. Rospodil reserves of gold ore in the regions:
Map of Russian gold ore reserves
- Russian Federation - 18%;
- Chinese People's Republic - 9%;
- Australia - 14%;
- Brazil - 18%;
- Ukraine - 11%
- Canada - 8%
- USA - 7%
- Rashta land - 15%.
The salted ore was taken out for the salary, as well as for the mineral warehouse (houses). Also, ores are added to large amounts of gold (more than half of a gold), rows (from four to half) and a bed (instead of one to less than four).
Magnetic zaliznyak, to avenge the maximum amount of zaliznyak, to be seen in Russia in the Urals - in the Visokiy and Magnitna mountains; Kachkanar, Grace.
Great pays in Sweden, close to Falun, Gellivar and Dannemora. The United States has significant luggage in the state of Pensilvania. Norway has Persberg and Arendal. Russia loaned a third month in the world for a number of ore deposits in the world. On the first place - Brazil, on the other - Australia. The reserves of gold ore in Russia for the current day will be stored at 50 milliard tons.
most genera
Bakcharskoe zaliz ore genus roztashovane in the Tomsk region mіzh two rychok - Andorma і Іksa. Є one of the greatest not only in Russia, but in the world. The reserves are estimated at 28.7 billion tons. At the moment, for the birth, they actively implement new technologies, such as carrying out the upper part of the hydraulic shoe, and not the car'ernoy video, as before.
The genera of the zaliznoi ore of Russia Kursk Magnetic Anomaly in Russia є the largest gold ore pool in the world. For the most modest estimates of the stocks of the whole genus, we store 200 billion tons. Pokladi Kursk Magnetic Anomalies store nearly half of all light reserves of gold ores. Tsei zaliz ore drainage basin on the territory of three regions: Kursk, Oryol and Bilgorod. Also, to the warehouse of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, the name of the Chornyanskiy and the Prooskolsk clan was taken.
Abakan zalizorudnu ancestry is located not far from the place of Abaza in the republic of Khakassia. There were a few open boxes, and then the ground (mines). The depth of mines reaches 400 meters.
Abagas genus of gold ore roztashovane in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Main ores: magnesite, high-alumina and magnesial. The ancestry extends into two main zones: Pivnichna (2300 meters) and Pivdenna (ponad 2600 meters). The distribution is carried out in an open manner.
how to vidobotku
All methods of the form can be divided into 2 main types: view (kar'єri) and zakritiy (mines). Vidkritiy is a way to bring a higher level of ecology to the viewer in a closed way. Ale yogo zasosuvannya vimagaє small capital investment. Ore, yaka zalyagaє negliboko in earthly crust(Up to 500 m), use the Kar'er method.
On the cob stage, the upper ball springs to the ground. For the additional buckets of special technology, for additional buckets on the conveyor and delivery to the spare parts for transport.
Zalizni ore to the Urals. Bakal family
With the development of vikoristovyvuyu technology vibuhu, for more easy breeding. Vibukhovi robots to stay on the victorious of the coming speeches:
- amiachna celite;
- emulsified naphtha.
Vibukh zuysnyuєtsya for a few parts of a second and a building zruynuvaty great areas of girskogo breed. With vibuchovy robots, the quality of ore does not suffer. The most expensive car is not only in Russia, but in all, there are a lot of changes in the Bilgorod region, between Old Oskol and Mist Gubkin.
To be called Vin Lebedinsky, two of them were entered in the Guinness Book of Records for the size and for the lugs the vidbutku - 450 m depth, diameter - 5 km, behind the estimates there are 14.6 billion tons of gold ore, in the case of technical equipment close to 133 zdatny to deliver up to 200 kg of ore.
Let us take into account the fact of the sale of kar'єri є those who are guilty of being flooded with subterranean waters. Yakbi was not carried out during the whole period, in a month the majestic kar'ur buv biovniy.
However, the victorian line of the kar'єrnoy rozrob of the ancestors is becoming ill-humored, if the raven of the zalyagannya cinnamon breed below 500 meters In such a way the life of underground mines is victorious. One of them is within reach of decilkokh kilometers. From the ground digging drifts - a great deal.
Combine-type machines are thorns into the rock, lamayuchi її, then, for help, they are delivered to the surface.
A vid of ore in a mine way to fill vitrata, fragments of vimagan infrastructure, as well as the root of unhealthy minds for robotic people and technology. Part of the fall of the earthly breed and the collapse of mines, flooding and cataclysms. This is a way not to get stuck in Russia, if the ore to take revenge on a small amount of gold. I want the technology of industrial production to develop steadily and give the opportunity for more productive ore recovery, so that the amount of gold can be found in small quantities.
Methods for zagachennya girskogo breed
First of all, one of the methods of removing the ore needs to be refined, fragments of the layer can reach two meters. Dal, there is one or more ways to get rid of:
gravitational separation - flotation;
- complex method.
Gravitational separation - one shorter ways vidobutku. Tsey sposib becoming widely zastosovuvatisya zavdyaki its low partosti. Gravitational separation of stagnation for a subset of the great and other parts of the giant breed among themselves. Stagnate not only for the winter, but for the tin, lead, zinc, platinum and gold ores. It is necessary to have a warehouse from the aerial platform, from the center machine and the spiral.
The method of magnetic separation of subdivisions on the basis of the magnitude of magnetic powers at the rivers. The leaders of the power of the Danes, the method becomes irreplaceable in virobnity, if these methods do not give the desired effect.
magnetic separation Magnetic separation of ore for the removal of non-metallic houses from gold ore. In its foundations of simplicity, the law of physics is to gravitate towards a magnet, and houses move with water. Throwing the pellets or hot-briquetted zalizo, which was cut off on magnets.
Flotation - a way to type ore, with any particles of metal, it is combined with bulbs to turn for a rakhunok protika chemistry reactions... To carry out the flotation subdivision, it is necessary that the bull breed is trimmed one-sided and all the particles of the boule are trimmed to the same size.
It is also important to determine the quality of the reagents, as it will interconnect with the necessary chemical element. On the current day, flotation is mainly used for the renewal of concentrates of hard ores, which have been removed as a result of magnetic separation. As a result, earlier ores give more than 50% metal.
To deliver a little to remove the necessary syrovini to reach only one way. Most often it is necessary to process a few methods and techniques in one process of bagging. The essence of the complex method of polishing in a subdivision, purified by a spiritual classifier from the great houses girskikh breeds, Processing of syruvin in a magnetic separator. The whole mode is repeated for a while, as long as the maximum of the siren is not violated.
For the processing of gold ore and removal of metal from HBI (hot briquetted gold), a virus for an electrometallurgical combine, in which it is possible to select a variety of metal blanks of standard forms, as well as non-standard ones, for non-standard ones. Some steel workpieces can be up to 12 meters long.
The high quality of metal will ensure the advanced technology of its innovation - electric arc melting, which reduces the number of houses by a significant world.
For the metallurgical combine, the steel can be used before the end-users - for machine-equipment, automobile enterprises, for pipe, bearing and hardware industries.
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Market view of the St. Petersburg market of zaliznoy rudy
list land-leaders With a view of zaliznaya ore in 2007, without knowing a change - the first 10 countries-producers have saved their position. China lost most of all, which means they are the most popular, Brazil and Australia took over the third month - in the sum of three countries, they will get 2/3 of the global version of gold Russian ore, and a quarter of the time I borrowed to move up to 80%. The most significant increase in vidobutku in 2007 (from great producers), which is characteristic for the provincial exporters of gold ore - Australia (16%), India (14%) and Brazil (13%), also high growth rates (20%) The speedy vidbutku is designated in Venezuela.
The newly approved reserves of gold ore for the estimates of the fahivts dumped 212 664 million tons. The production of commercial salable ores in the world in 2005 dumped 1580.91 million tons.
Credit Suisse analysts estimated that in 2008. prices for zaliznu ore have grown by about 50%, and not 35%, as they did earlier. Varto, for all intents and purposes, raise the price for qiu sirovin three of the best in the household shoe companies - Vale, Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton - in the course of negotiations with the great saints of Japan, they became in Europe, Taiwan. Moreover, for the rest of the hour, he will have a drink at the center of growth itself after the rapid growth of steel in the PRC, as at the present moment it is the greatest importer in the world. In 2008, a shortage of syrovin production facilities was estimated at approximately 20-25 million tonnes on the basis of economics for Credit Suisse Bank.
True, experts say about those who step-by-step liabilities to the strangleholds and, apparently, the liabilities of supplies to the market of gold ore will be reduced. So, last year Rio Tinto vitratiated close to 1.4 billion dollars. On the modernization of the ore family in Australia Dampier. For the estimates of the economies of the company, the founders of the modernization at the mines, there will be about 140 million tons per market. BHP Billiton also plans to invest close to $ 930 million in total. In its design with a view and transport of gold ore.
1. Svitovy virobnitstvo zaliznoi ore
The volume of fallen ores in 2006 increased by 14.6% and reached 1811.59 million tons. China stiyko trim, the first place in the form of a form of hard ore in the light of an increase of 39.9% in 2006 and 588.17 million tons of ore, which will become 1/3 of the total production of gold ore. In 2003, China overtook Japan for liabilities, the purchase of gold ore through an increase in the number of cars, by-bus attachments and expansion of business. And in 2006, the Chinese Baosteel persha (and for the first time!) At the negotiations, set a new price for ore for the 2007-2008 financial price.
most lands vidbotku zaliznoy ore in the light, million tons
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
06/05, %
At once 1103,11
1225,82
1460,54
1580,91
1811,59
114,6
Asia 363,97
415,48
590,2
651,2
811,42
124,6
China 230
261
310,1
420,49
588,17
139,9
America 332,53
361,81
391,43
412,65
455,5
110,4
Brazil 212
234,5
261,67
280,86
317,8
113,2
Ok.і Aust. 188,96
214,83
236,33
264
277,19
105
Australia 187,22
212,88
234
261,8
275,04
105,1
India 96,96
105,5
145,94
154,44
173,98
112,7
Europe 83,21
88,47
92,09
100,33
105,44
105,1
Russia 84,2
91,8
94,89
96,8
104
107,4
Ukraine 58,9
62,5
66
69,46
74
106,5
Africa 50,23
53,43
55,58
55,92
58,05
103,8
USA 51,5
50
54,72
55
52,9
96,2
STEAM 36,48
38,09
40
40
41,33
103,3
Canada 29,95
33,1
28,6
28,34
34,09
120,3
Shvetsia 20,28
21,5
22,27
23,25
23,3
100,2
In fact, as China covered 1/3 of the light videotube of gold ore, then China spillo with Australia and Brazil becomes 2/3 of the entire light videotap of gold ore.
Geography of the view of gold ore in the light
Most light ore virobniks in 2007
Chinese import of gold ore to the rest of the rock stable buv vische ochikuvanikh prognosis. In the flowing rotsi import of gold ore in China, it is unhealthy to grow, unaffected by the growth of the internal production of ore syruin.
The added reserves of gold ore in the PRC in Danish hour will store as much as 10 billion tons. In addition to the debts of the widespread type of sirovini in the country, it grew to 880 million tons per bag in 2009 yak vidomo, in 2003 the release of ore in China did not exceed 260 million tons.
Earlier, Umetal analysts caught a thought that the PRC in the birch of 2010 could import up to 60 million tons of saline ore, which is a record figure.
At the same hour the analysts of Mysteel Information are importing that import of gold ore to China during the tasks of the period does not exceed 50 million tons. past rotsі.
According to the analysts of the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, in 2010 the PRC could import 637 million tons of gold ore.
nai more number gold ore syruin in 2009 r China was supplied from Australia (41.7% of foreign imports), to another place - supplies from Brazil (22.7%). India has saved the third month, a small part of the country in the country in 2005-2008 years. slumped to 17.1%. The decrease in supplies from the Indies is connected with the calls of the Indian district, which are directed to the safeguarding of the gold ore syruvina of the vlast metallurgical companies. On the ear of 2010, there was a news about the plan to increase the export meeting in India up to 20% on all types of gold ore syruvina. In 2009, a small part of a number of countries in the foreign supplies of gold ore to China increased: PAR - up to 5.44% from 3.27% in 2008, Ukraine - up to 1.98% from 1.03%, Russia - up to 1.54 % s 1.31%, Canada - up to 1.38% s 0.84%.
Production of gold ore and rolling in China in the 1st half of 2008, dozens of yews. T
Three of the largest ore vyrobniks in the world - CVRD, BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto - outpaced Chinese buyers about the decline in the third quarter of 2008 in the volume of supplies in Zagalny by 5 million tons as a result of unwelcoming weather minds and problems with the implementation of projects with the extension of the video clip. At the end of the day, China has called the world's ore giants in the provocation of shortages of syruin to the market in order to preserve its strong position in the negotiations.
Brazilian girnichodobuvna corporation Vale dubbed the decrease in the volume of hard ore for 2008 pids by 0.5% to 302 million tons. in the amount of significant investments in the expansion of the labor demands of the mines. Poki won, navpaki, I was tempted to close the mine of mines in the province of Minas Gerais through the fall to drink to the gold ore (ZRS). At the same time in the IV quarter of 2008, Vale has speeded up the videobot of the air defense system by 21% in terms of value up to the level of the analogous period of 2007 to 63.3 million tons.
As for Vale's products, the production of ferrous alloys in 2008 fell by 12.4% to 475 yew. T, nikeli issue - viris by 11% to 275,400 yew. Т, міді - by 9.6% to 311,600 yew. T, bauxite - by 27.6% to 11.6 million tons (before the speech, the reason for the increase in the type of bauxite was the expansion of the demand of the Paragominas mine by 4.5 million tons). The production of alumina reached a record level, having increased by 18% to 5 million tons, however, the release of aluminum has fallen by 1.5%, in winter, through the closet to the Valesul plant. Vidobutok of coke vugil zrіs by 59.2% to 2.80 million tons, energy - by 192% to 1.28 million tons. Brazilian girnichodobuvna corporation Vale is the largest supplier of ore ores in the world.
In the Danish hour, Australia is the biggest supplier of gold ore to the market. The development of gold ore in the region of the country began in 1964 to the fate of the people, if there was a great load of gold ore in the Pilbara region in Western Australia. In the third quarter of 2009, Australia exported 98 million tons of gold ore syruvine by 10%, but in the third quarter. In 2008, however, through a decrease in the base contract price in a penny turnaround, export fell by 26% in a period of 3 sq. 2008 rock.
In 2009 from Australia to China, 197 million tons of gold ore was exported (39.5% more in terms of the same period in 2008) for an average price of USD 75.4 per ton.
In 2009, Rio Tinto Ltd, BHP Billiton, Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. i Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. On the ear of 2009, BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto Ltd signed up for the establishment of the commercial enterprise for $ 116 million, which is also a common asset in Western Australia.
In 2011, it is planned to rotate 10 mln. Tons for gold ore, including 8 mln. Tons for magnetite concentrate and 2 mln. Tons for gold ore of direct production (hematite).
In 2009, Australia increased the export of salty ore by 4.4 million tons - up to 34 million. As of the same period in 2008, it increased by 4.9 million tons in April 2009. A grass-fed export for 3.2 million tons is a record of the whole country, in 2008, a record. Record 27.3 million tons, or 80% of export deliveries in the country, were sent to China.
The fall of light prices on the Syrovinnia comrade has been reduced to a decrease in the production of household footwear companies in the United States, I wish the devaluation of the Australian dollar helped to help a number of gravitas on the Rio Tinto stand.
I will look at the news about the change of the virobnistva, the Australian Bureau of Economics Silskoy governmentі natural resources(Australian Bureau of Agricultural & Resource Economics, ABARE) say that there are 327 million tonnes of stock versus 387.2 million tonnes before.
Prospects for the steel syruin were lost in three months, and Rio Tinto also changed its plan for the production of ore ores in 2009 by about 10% to 175 million tons.
The Brazilian corporation Vale, competing with her, has also reduced the efficiency, so that BHP Billiton is all about relying on any quick release of the product. Allowing for the ore deposits to be deposited from the side of steelmaking companies, and in this hour it will fall through those who are able to quickly change their purchases.
Reserves of gold ore in light,%
Yak seen from diagrams, Russia Volodya the largest stocks zaliznoi ore in the light, tse talk about those who will soon knock on our "doors" Chinese hospitality enterprises with a passage about the establishment of residential enterprises.
According to the data of the Federal Service of State Statistics of Russia, the videotapes of cinnamon copalins in 2008, by some reason from the previous period, grew slightly in advance - by 0.7%, in the middle of 2008 - by 0.2%.
The 2008 crescent in Russia had 9 million tonnes of gold ore (+ 3% to the results of the 2007 crescent), in the most recent crescents of gold ore grew by 3.4%. The production of hard ore pellets in the serpentine deposited 3.2 million tonnes (+ 0.8%), in the traditional serpentine ore pellets ore pellets by 0.4%. VAT "Mykhailivskyi GZK".
2. Holy drink and livelihood of gold ore
Rinok of gold ore yak and earlier was characterized by a great deficiency. Svitovy will drink on zaliznu ore prodovzhu shvidko growth, moreover, the leading rank for the expansion of steel production in China. In the Chinese black metallurgy, they re-use technologies, linking them to intensive production of gold ore at the enterprises of the main cycle. It is unimportant to reach the value of growth in China of gold ore, but it’s possible to reach the end of the last decade, mostly small and average for the size of enterprises, which the country wants to find among those who have found it. Rіchnі rate of growth of import to China of gold ore, protea, has rapidly accelerated - from 18-19% in 2006-2007 rr. up to 16% in the 1st quarter of 2008 (in the same period of 2007).
China and earlier gravel played an important role in the determined price and supply of supplies;
Even on the cob, 2005, the Chinese fahivtsi, predicting the consumption of the country in the imported ore, called the figure close to 240 million tons - more than 208 million tons earlier. Smell, at the same time, came from two changes: a higher increase in the productivity of the gold mining industry and a decrease in the growth rate of the national metallurgical industry. With the help of the light prices for the salty ore, it stimulates the acceleration of the introduction of new pressures in the girnichodobuvny galuzy of the country. For the data of the Chinese dzherels, for the first three quarters of 2007, the rock in the People's Republic of China boomed about 280 million tons of ore, which is 44% more than for the same period in front of the rock. Obsyag vipusku for the entire 2007 rik, it seems, up to the level of 380-400 million tons.
However, the Chinese ore, which is very small, is big, instead of going to it, as a rule, it does not change 32-35%, and the metallurgical companies of the country cannot do without a large import country. Tim is bigger, so there wasn’t any good confidence in the pace of growth in the Chinese steel industry.
According to the data of the International Iron and Steel Institute, for the very beginning of the leaf fall in 2008, 317.6 million tons of steel were melted in the country, which by 25.5% outweighed the result similar to that of the previous rock. At the same hour, the import of saline ore to China for a few-zhovten accumulations of 220 million tons, and for the baggage of the whole rock this ryven is forecasted in the region of 260-265 million tons. Vlasne, apparently, the male of the forecasted 240 million tons and served for the ore managers for the new ore processing in 2009.
Main companies - vyrobniki of gold ore in the world company Land Virobrystvo million tons.
CVRD Brazil 299,3
Rio Tinto Great Britain 173
Bhp billiton Australia 144,1
Privat Intertrading Ukraine 45,8
IUD-Donbass Ukraine 38,4
Anshan I & S Works China 36,8
Anglo-American STEAM 32,4
LKAB Shvetsia 28,9
Mittal Steel India 27,9
CVG Venezuela 26,9
Cleveland-cliffs USA 26,5
In 2008, rotsi Japanese companies have made large investments in videobuts of resources - the first for all the price of gold ore. Not only Mitsui Bussan, who are the most active in the country, but also the Japanese enterprises were engaged in increasing the footwear potential for the additional benefit of their goodwill contacts in the world І Mitsubishi Shoji, і Sojitz are planning in the best of three years to explore new ancestors in Australia, and before that we are going to be engaged in geological exploration, and companies Itochu and Sumitomo Shoji want to review the resources of the new Jersey. With a stretch of the offensive ten years, Japan will save more gold ore, less at a time, close to 140 million tons (the replacement is 58 million tons). Growing up will drink from the side of China and the proposition, the leader will stand behind him, and also the six-time price for the rest of the rocky minds of the Japanese companies is thinking about their well-being and investing more and more values in the value of resources.
In Russia, over the 2008 period, the growth of the gold ore syruin by blast furnaces increased by 5% in the period since 2005. The total amount of deliveries to the metallurgical enterprises brought up 76.5 million tons.
Zbіlshennya zhivannya sruvinnyh resources called up to grow up commitments virobnitstva chavunu, yak drove close to 5.4%.
The order of the growth of the endowment of ore can also be attributed to the increase in the supply of supplies to the procurement of the enterprises (it has sold about 3.5%). The export of gold ore materials for the bags of 2008 is also indicated to the rock (for the previous data by 15-20%), the European region has become the most priority directly. As a result, it is possible to state that the total growth of ore has been increased by footwear enterprises in the middle at 7% in 2007. Supplies exceeded 100 million tons.
Obsyag virobnitstva zaliznoi ore in Russia 2004-2009 rr. (Yew. Tons)
| event | 2004 | 2005 | 2006* | 2007 | 2008* | 2009* |
| KMK | 359.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Evrazruda | 4150.1 | 5277.3 | 5897.4 | 7108.6 | 7034.5 | 1628.2 |
| Mykhailivskyi GZK | 19230.1 | 16901.8 | 20071.0 | 19948.3 | 18234.0 | 3748.8 |
| ChMK | 3875.6 | 4521.5 | 4995.4 | 4963.2 | 4699.8 | 881.1 |
| Olenegorsk GZK | 3619.7 | 4023.7 | 4473.7 | 4650.4 | 4675.2 | 1152.1 |
| Kovdorskiy GZK | 5272.1 | 5793.4 | 5613.2 | 5277.0 | 5422.9 | 1137.7 |
| Stoylenskiy GZK | 12565.0 | 11891.0 | 12682.0 | 13402.1 | 13154.0 | 2402.0 |
| Lebedinsky GZK | 20073.7 | 20563.5 | 21012.4 | 21006.8 | 19732.3 | 3165.5 |
| KMAruda | 1821.8 | 1850.9 | 1850.9 | 2057.3 | 2103.9 | 572.2 |
| Karelian Okatish | 8005.7 | 9123.3 | 9964.2 | 10417.8 | 9837.0 | 1462.5 |
| Metallurgical plant ім. Saurova | 56.7 | 50.1 | 47.3 | 39.9 | 2.8 | 0 |
| MMK | 1497.6 | 1516.6 | 1466.1 | 1484.1 | 1388.8 | 397.7 |
| Kachkanarsikiy GZK | 8963.7 | 8648.8 | 9430.6 | 9455.3 | 8636.2 | 1909.1 |
| Visokogirskiy GZK | 1308.5 | 1408.4 | 1552.0 | 1584.0 | 1494.0 | 320.0 |
| Bakalskoe RU | 0 | 1052.5 | 1277.2 | 1122.1 | 1184.1 | 153.2 |
| theological RU | 1366.7 | 1359.0 | 1331.3 | 1302.5 | 1057.8 | 105.2 |
| Pervouralsk RU | 93.1 | 57.5 | 95.2 | 95.8 | 78.3 | 7.8 |
| Part of the Ural in% of the RF | 14.00 | 14.93 | 14.90 | 14.41 | 14.00 | 15.06 |
| ONCE across Russia | 94894.6 | 94500.3 | 101994.9 | 104659.1 | 99902.1 | 19213.0 |
| Zmіna across Russia in% | 3.39 | -0.42 | 7.93 | 2.40 | -4.70 | -26.9 |
| At once from the Urals | 13286.3 | 14092.9 | 15199.7 | 15083.7 | 13985.5 | 2893.0 |
| Zmіna across the Urals in% | 2.86 | 6.07 | 7.85 | -0.80 | -7.30 | -26.5 |
* - for 3 months
The main galuzy of the salivation of gold ore is traditionally used for the viplavka chavun, livarne virobnitstvo, virobnitstvo pipes.
Dynamika virobnitstva chavun, mln.T At once
2003
2005
2006
2007
2008
07/08, %
China 170,9
202,62
252
330
404,17
122,5
Japan 80,98
82,09
83
83
84,27
101,5
Russia 49,1
51,23
53,1
48
52
108,3
India 30
33,6
30,8
32,6
43,1
132,2
USA 40,7
40,85
42,3
37
39
105,4
Brazil 30,06
32,45
32,9
33
35
106,1
Ukraine 27,1
29,57
31
31
32,9
106,1
Nimechchina 29,45
30,07
30,63
29
30,36
104,7
Korea Pivdenna 26,57
27,31
28
27
28
103,7
France 13,09
12,62
13,09
12,6
12,8
101,6
ITALY 9,75
10,12
10,57
9
11,48
127,5
Great Britain 8,56
10,28
10,18
9
10
111,1
Taiwan 10,2
10,3
10,35
9
10
111,1
Mexico 8,57
9,66
10,62
9,3
9,6
103,2
Іran 7,5
7,2
8,55
7,2
8,9
123,6
Traditionally, China itself is the main supplier of gold ore in the world є the best producer of chavun in the world, practically half of the high-melting point of the chavun in the world is spent on this part, and in 2008 there are 22.5% of sklavas. For example, Japan, as it was lost on another mission for Viplavtsi Chavun, was able to increase the amount of money for Vyrobnitstva Chavun for 2008 by 1.5%. Svitovy priest of floats to chavun was stored 12.5%, and in 2008 rotsi sklavas 917.91 million tons.
According to the data of the World Steel Association, in the current 2010 year, the volume of the chavun has grown in terms of maturity until the breast of 2009 by 1.3% to 81.90 million tons. According to the period before the analogous period of the last rock (APPG), the virobability of the chavun grew by 24.4%, or 16.06 million tons.
China in the current year of 2010 released 46.1 million tonnes of chavun, having secured a total of 59% of the world's retail sales. Russia with vyrobnstva obligations at the level of 4.0 million tonnes reduced its share in the state brewery from 5.1% in 2017 to 4.7% in 2010
Russia on the svitovy market for chavun in 2010
Another galuzzu for the development of gold ore is the high-temperature steel. And here, in the geographic plan, the leader of the Asian region in China is.
And in the middle of the country, China has become a leader without a list, in 2008 the number of sklavas increased by 19.9%, and the high-melting steel - 418.78 million tons, which in 2008 produced 34% of the high-quality steel melt, which means that leather is the third ton of steel. viplavaetsya in Pidnebesniy. The leaders in 2008 were Japan (116.22 million tons or 9.4%), the USA (98.48 million tons or 8%). It can be done, neither Japan nor the United States can compete with China in steel melting. The People's Republic of China is far ahead of the absolute indicators і from the skin rock of this part of growthє.
Dynamics of steel production in the regions of the world, million tons At once
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
08/07, %
China 181,55
220,12
280,49
349,36
418,78
119,9
Japan 107,75
110,51
112,72
112,48
116,22
103,3
USA 91,59
93,68
99,68
93,28
98,48
105,6
Russia 58,57
62,72
65,56
66,15
70,83
107,1
Korea Pivdenna 45,39
46,31
47,52
47,67
48,44
101,6
Nimechchina 45
44,81
46,37
44,51
47,23
106,1
India 28,81
31,78
32,63
40,86
44
107,7
Ukraine 34,05
36,92
38,74
38,64
40,9
105,8
ITALY 26,3
26,83
28,48
29,11
31,57
108,4
Brazil 29,6
31,15
32,91
31,63
30,91
97,7
Turechchina 16,05
17,64
20,48
20,96
23,31
111,2
Taiwan 18,26
18,83
19,54
18,94
20,94
110,6
France 20,26
19,76
20,77
19,48
19,86
101,9
Spain 16,41
16,41
17,68
17,83
18,34
102,9
Mexico 14,05
15,13
16,73
16,28
16,32
100,2
Canada 15,91
15,83
16,31
15,57
15,37
98,7
Great Britain 11,67
13,27
13,77
13,21
13,88
105,1
In Russia, the main galuzami, which are used to survive ore, is used for heating the chavun, steel, ready for rolled products, pipes.
The largest Russian metallurgical holdings, which include foreign assets, are Severstal, Evraz Group and NLMK holding.
In 2007, Severstal increased its steel production in Russia (CherMK) by 5.3%, to 11.87 million tonnes, and rolled products - by 6.3%, to 10.7 million tonnes. the release of Russian napivfabrikativ by 50%, up to 871.8 yew. tonnes, speeding up the production of cold-rolled sheets by 9%, increasing the release of hot-rolled products, rolled products and grades by 5-55% in terms of availability by type of product.
In the whole company Severstal (from Severstal North America and Lucchini), 17.46 million tons of steel were melted in 2007 (+ 0.2% to 2006) and 13.25 million tons of rolled stock (+ 2%) ...
"Evraz Group" is one of the provincial metallurgical holdings of Russia, which in 2007 reduced the volume of steel production in 2007 (by 3.7%, to 13.8 million tons) and rolled products (by 7.2%, to 11, 9 million tons). The speed of the Russian production company is connected with the fall of the production at the Zakhidno-Sibirsky MK (for steel - by 1.07%, for rental - by 18.5%). However, the decrease was mainly due to the low price of products - napfabrikativ (by 28.5%, to 4.78 million tons). For other types of rental, according to the company's data, in 2007, the growth of sales increased by 3-15%. The bulk of the production of steel "Uvraz Group" (in terms of results in foreign enterprises, by 3 1.4%) in 2007 grew up 16 million tons, and rolled products - by 5%, to 15.2 million tons.
In 2007, NLMK reduced the production of steel by 0.8% through the hours of deaths in robots DP No. 6 in the II and III quarters. Likewise, in the last year, the combine reduced the production of slabs (by 3.7%) and cold-rolled steel (by 7.2%) for the brownness, and increased the production (by 10.2%) of hot-rolled steel for export. Moreover, in 2007, at the Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works, the production of hot-dip galvanized steel grew by 10.7% and dynamo steel - by 9.8%. In general, in 2007, the NLMK holding increased the production of rolled products by 1.5%, to 9.1 million tonnes with the growth of foreign sales on DanSteel A / S (by 11.6%) and TOV VIZ-Steel ( by 6.1%).
The metallurgical division of Metalloinvest (zokrema, Ural Steel and OEMK) last year increased the production of steel by 4.2%, to 6.55 million tonnes, and rolled products - by 4.8%, to 5.4 million tonnes. T.
For the data of the Mechel group (Chelyabinskiy MK, Izhstal, Beloretsk MK and іnshi) steel production in 2007 in the company of sklavs 6.09 million tons (+ 2% to 2006), and rolled products - 5.14 million tons. tonnes (+ 9%), 3.04 million tonnes (+ 20%) in winter fell on long products. The production of sheet metal and commodity procurement decreased by 2-5%, and the production of metal products by 12%, to 683 yew. T.
Nizhnyo-Serginsky MMZ / RMZ ("Maxi-Group"), which in 2006 was "uvirvavsya" in the group of 10 provincial steel brands in the Russian Federation, in 2007 again showing the most recent growth rate of production: steel - by 49%, rolled products - by 33 %.
3. International Trade
The main gravels on the gold ore market are China, the USA and Brazil, as well as India. The position and relations of single countries, as well as a place of Russia on the market of gold ore and products of processing, are clearly visible.
China. Traditionally, the Chinese metallurgical companies did not take an active part in the business prices for the salty ore, because they were more expensive, but they were interested in the negotiations with the suppliers from the Western European and Japanese steel workers. However, in the last few months, the Chinese pretend to be those who play the violin from the side of the buyers. In 2005, I would like to establish contacts in China with virobniks and ore spokesmen.
The process of non-compliance with the manifestation of activity by the Chinese is explained, judging by the fact that the prices for the imported ore have become critically important for them. A unit of the krai, unsuccessfully relying on the expansion of the national metallurgical halls, introduced in 2004-2005 a number of smaller ones during the implementation of projects in the steel halls and as a result of becoming more and more useful for the warehouse, in 2004-2005. A lot of Chinese backwaters to sell metal for prices lower than their own property, and further away, more expensive deaths for them are possible.
The Chinese-born Metallurgical Company of the PRC has carried out a number of information attacks, leading up to the growth in 2009 to drink ore for the import deposit to save 300 million ore in the land. Dawn, declaring about the acceleration of the introduction of new vіtchiznyi zaliznykh zalіznykh laboriousness, the closing of dozens of old steel-making enterprises, the rapid number of new projects in the steel-making galusies. With the help of the Chinese wikipedia, they should try to justify their benefits by 10-15% of the price reduction for ore.
Vysokiy will drink on the internal ric of China and the growth of the freight rate logically led to the promotion of the quotation for the gold ore from India.
The partnership of the export of Indian ore grows from the ear of a stream of rock. First, the prices grew on the results of negotiations with the basic contracts for 2008 (by 9.5%), and then in Berezna by 9.7% as a result of the establishment by the Indian owner of the export mite on the Indian air defense system in the range of $ 6.8 per ton I mark the persochergovy zabechennya vlasny virobnitstva steel. Nagadaєmo, ndia, having voiced about the large-scale policy of development of steel production and internal maintenance of steel until 2020, it takes an hour to speed up the export of gold ore to zero.
China has its own bank, which has been looking at the import of gold ore from India and its reserves. However, in the minds of a high drink on air defense systems from Chinese companies, there is simply no way of thinking about the purchase of Indian ore;
Deficiency of gold ore on the global market will lead to increased prices, and the competitiveness of the Indian supply will increase. Tom China in chergovy time I will try to house with the Indian companies about the arrangement of pre-construction contracts for the supply of gold ore from the Indies with the right to glance at a price of times on the market.
The production of steel is expanding in India, Brazil, Russia and other countries, which can grow from 1,300 million tons in 2004 to 1,600 million tons in 2009.
In this hour, three main vyrobniks of gold ore (CVRD, "Rio Tinto" and "VNR Billiton"), which supply 3/4 of gold ore to the market, have developed projects for the expansion of their virobnits. There will be new household production facilities in Australia, Brazil, India, the countries of Africa, as well as in Sweden and in New America.
CHORNA METALURGIYA SVITU
Main etapi development galusi
Chorna metallurgy is an important industry, before which enterprises are referred to a type-box and a collection of ore and non-metallic syruvin, from the production of chavun, steel, rolled metal, ferrous alloys and virob.
Tsia galuz - one of the oldest in the industry - є the basis for the development of machinery and industry. In the last ten years, there have been hundreds of changes in the technology of ferrous metal production. Now vikoristovuyut new methods of smelting, virobnichi vtrati to speed up, including those who use the method of continuous pouring of steel. The quality of metal is advancing, it is quickening its life in the form of one piece of kintsevoy products. The varieties and brands of the chavun are made up to tens of thousands, and the new varieties of steel and rolled products - up to thousands of decils. At the same hour, I see a growing competition from the side of chemical industry (plastic, reinforced with fiber),
All ceramics and carbon fibers, as well as on the side of color metallurgy, supply all the larger number of construction materials based on light metal alloys. And not less steel has taken its position of the main constructional material, and it is not less steel that it grows (Table 1).
The current picture of the distribution of enterprises of black metallurgy in the light was formulated for incessant reasons, summarized by the significant world of scientific and technical progress. Promotion of galuzy in rіznih lands In regions of the world there are little specific features.
The virobny process in black metallurgy of material - and energy, to that earlier, the most significant in the development of black metallurgy enterprises put pressure on the factor of closeness of dzherel syruvin and paliva. Giant metallurgical areas were also formulated, which form the basis for the formation of large and small ore basins (Lotarinsky, English, Rursky, Appalachsky, Uralsky, Donetsk-Pridniprovsky). Suspicion of genera of val_znyh ores and kam'yanogo vugіll
Table 1
virobusiness the main vid_v products black metallurgy, million T
For example, the winery of factories with a domain virobite (metallurgy of the cycle) in the Bagatio regions of Great Britain (in Yorkshire, Mid-Scotland, Midland, in the Pivnichno-Central and Central African countries), , in the FRN (in Ruhr, Saar), at celebrations in Spain (in Asturias), in the USA (in the Western Pension), in Russia (in the Urals), etc.
Still on the cob XX Art. Chorna metallurgy Bula is rooted in a rather small number of regions. So, 80% of the black metal (chavunu and steel) light bulbs are concentrated in the USA, Nimechchin, Great Britain, Belgium, Luxembourg and Russia. Along with the development of all types of light transport, the importance of the immediate proximity of metallurgical plants to the ancestors of the Syrovin and the fire has changed. One hour, the significance of the other factors - the variety of the rinks in the field (a living factor, and the main one - machinery), the speed of the transport and geographical position, the visibility of the changes in the infrastructure, and the availability of
Technological progress has gradually improved the methods of rejecting the chavun and steel. So. v for example XIX- ear of XX century open-hearth production was the main steelmaking process. Pіznіshe bouly vinaydenі kisnevo-converter method (transferring the rydky chavun to steel without supplying heat -
la in a converter technically clean sour) and electric steel melting (melting in an electric arc furnace). Leaders in the provision of science and technology advance the quality of the chavun and steel, speed up their life on the basis of a single product of fine products, lose them (for example, when victorious became the method of rose)
The increase in steel parts, in the form of a highly economical acid-converter method, as well as the development of the value of electrometallurgy, have led to a change in the structure of metal production. Nini in light mayzhe 1/3 began to be melted in electric furnaces, nini 2/3 - in acid converters (Table 2). In vіtchiznyany metallurgy, the Kisnevo-converter method began to be used since 1956
The geography of the Halusi has changed a lot over the last ten years. In most of the rooted regions and in the Bagatio regions, a wide variety of black metals have grown in abundance.
The main source of syruvina for the removal of ferrous metals is zalizna ore. Necessary also coke coke (which in the minds of industrial coking can be removed technically valuable coke) and ores of light metals. A light voucher of cam'yanovy, after 5 billion tons, for an estimate, of them less than 1 billion tons on coke.
Redo textVikoristannya rіznykh ways float become,
Table 2 ■ from all swear off virobition
ways float become |
||||
Land pik | Kisnevo- converter | v electric oven v Martin's ovens |
||
the whole peace | 30,6 2,2 |
In steelmaking - 12% of the volume of production in the world. Obsyag of light trade in coke vugili - about 250 million tons. sami great exporter coke vugilla v light -
Australia, Canada, USA, Russia. Buyers of coke vugilla vistupayut even more rich in the country. In the rest of the rock, some of the great importers are China, India, Brazil. The road and the deficiency of coke baking soda, in which they were zoomed in in the light metallurgy of a new method of heat melting - the domainless baking process of black metals.
gold ore prominence
The price is mainly for black metallurgy. For hard ores, an albeit high instead of the cinnamon component (zaliza) is characteristic: 17% in ciderite ores. in Magne-Titovy zaliznyaki - up to 55%. On a small part of "bagati" ores in the state of the state, there is a lot of industrial reserves. Vikoristovuyt їkh practically without zbagachennya. Approximately 2/3 of the ores can be processed using the folding method.
Svitovi reserves of green ores are estimated at 800 billion tons, but increased by more than 230 billion tons in exchange for the bulk of the deposit. best great reserves gold ore dull Brazil, Australia, China, Canada, Russia.
Already from the end of the 1980s, pp. The light videotok of the hard ore is going to the river, which is changing 1 billion tons in the market (in the commodity mass). Right up to the Other Holy Week by provincial regions near the box for the ferrous metal hot-melt buli Zakhidna Europe and the country Wine of America(Approximately 35% і 20%). The marriage of gold ore syruvin in bagatokh is in the early years rozvinenikh lands ah, with a great drink on a new and road transport, it stimulated the development of vlast ancestors by them. Ale at the same hour, the development of robots and the development of ancestors in the Bagatio regions were active, and they were developing. In 1950, more than 40% of all gold ore was added in the provinces of Pivnichnaya America, and 30% in Western Europe.
Losing the prices on the market for the gold ore ore, they have declined, and called for the onward consumption of the gold ore industry in economically developed countries (in the Federal Reserve, Great Britain,
France, Japan) and ship ore to the United States as soon as possible. At the same hour, the number of species of gold ore in Canada, Australia, Brazil, Venezuela, Liberation, Mauritania, Angola became the leading rank for export in the highly ruined lands of Europe, in the USA and Japan. Ale oskіlki itself in the developed regions yak and earlier, there was a great part of the efforts to make the ore and steel etc.).
Table 3
land - lideri on vidotku zaliznoї ore(2008 p). *,million T
An important trend in the development of trade gold ore syruvina There has been an increase in the supply of mineral ore (hard ore pellets), as well as steel brucht (for example, in Italy, the main part of baked steel is melted in electric steel-making furnaces, as well as steel brucht).
leaders on vidotku zaliznoї ore nini become China, Brazil, Australia, India, Russia(Table 3). most v light exporter - Brazil, Australia, Canadaі Russia. Moreover, only to a part of Australia and Brazil, 2/3 of the foreign supplies of this species of syruvin to the market, which carry 800 million tons (mainly
go by sea transport). At a total of 3/4 of the trade in gold ore, there are three corporations under the control of Vale, Rio Tinto and BHP-Billition. Vantage flows: Australia - China and Japan; Brazil - China; Brazil - Zakhidna Europe (div. Map "Vidobutok and export of gold ore"). Ore is also exported to India, PAR, Shvetsiya, Ukraine, Mauritania. mid head importers gold ore syrovini slid vidiliity in persha cherga China, Japan, USA, a also FRN and інші European lands. Duzhe viris import to China (close to 400 million tons in 2008), and, for good reason, will drink on the salty ore and salty ore from the side of Chinese steel companies in the nearest future, it will be too high for the future.
technological process
at virobnistvі blacks metal
The whole process includes the advancing stages: vidbutok ore syruvin, ore smelting, smelting (smelting chavun and steel), preparation of rolled and ferrous alloys.
Redo textchavun- an alloy of zaliza with charcoal, so as to avenge the small houses (Si. Mn, S, P), and some and light elements (Cr, Ni, V and in.). Yak, as a rule, is krihkiy chavun. Yogo vyplavlyayut from zaliznoy ore in blast furnaces. The main yogo masu is then reworked into steel, and insche - a whole livarny chavun (shaped littya).
steel- malleable alloy of zaliza with carbon (up to 2%) and other elements. To decorate the head of the rank from the summit to the chavunu with steel scrap in the acid-converter and electric furnaces (high-temperature furnaces). Behind the warehouse we build a vugletsevu, alloyed steel and steel.
legovana steel- alloy. For further rafting in the halls of singing physical, chemical and mechanical authorities up to the warehouse of special sorts, they began to introduce light elements - Cr, Ni, Mo, W, V, T і ін. (from 2.5 to 10% additives).
With the help of more general registration of all valuable components in the industry, as well as access to the production of ferrous metals to the warehouse of metallurgical enterprises, include the workshop and the factories of the industry halls of industry, which are used to prepare products for the production of such products In such a rank, the majority of enterprises of ferrous metallurgy - the tse of combinatio.
float chavunu і become
At the distribution of enterprises of black metallurgy, they pour in the following officials: natural resource, transport, territorial concentration virobniztva, ecologic and in. Black metallurgy as a whole has a lot of material and energy efficiency in the virobnic process (for a hot melt, 1 ton of chavun is needed in the middle of 6 tons, including ore, coke, flux, water, and energy At the last, the most significant value was given to the proximity factor of dzherel syruvini and paliva. Due to the development of transport, Galuzi enterprises are often relocated to the coastal areas and port centers, which will prevent the cheapness of the delivery of the food and the delivery of products. by sea route... So, in Japan and the Republic of Korea, 4/5 of all the demands of the black metallurgy enterprises have been displaced on the Uzbek coast. The heavy burden of the primary metallurgical services to the seaside centers is also clearly Zakhidniy Europeі USA.
Svitova steel melting has changed the mark of 1.3 billion tons. The most important part of ferrous metals production, as and earlier, was harvested in the developed countries. For the last hour, the USA, SRCP, Japan were in the lead. Allegedly, there was a drop in the CPSR among all the affected republics in the 1990s. the decline in production has become even worse - in Russia, for example, it is twice as low (at the same time, internal consumption in metal has decreased). Ale our land has borrowed and is one of the leading missions in the world of export and export of ferrous metals.
Also in tі rocky. Japan has overtaken the United States and has become one of the largest steel producers and exporters in the world. In the rest of the rock burhlivy development of black metallurgy is typical for the Asian regions, the spawn for China, the Republic of Korea, and the Indian and the Indian. (Div. Card "Svitova viplavka steel"). For example, in China, which borrowed for high-grade ferrous metals in the first place in the world, the production of steel was increased from 1950 from 1.3 to 500 million tons, i.e., Bilsh low by 380 times (Table 4).
Svitova trading products galusi
Over the last ten years, not only the geographic picture of black metal production has changed, but the geography of the production of galusa.
land - lideri on viplavtsі become (pp.), million T
Table 4
1950 G. | 1990 G. | 2008 G. |
|||
Land float | Land | float Land float |
|||
Great Britain | |||||
Rep. Korea | |||||
Republic of Korea | |||||
Brazil | |||||
Luxembourg | Brazil | ||||
Great Britain | |||||
the whole peace | |||||
: ":": NS: | Chastka 10 providnykh land v light viplavtsі become, % |
||||
In the state-of-the-art state, the most exporters have become and rolled instantly, and are also the most important importers. Tse inform about the inner galuzee international podilі pratsі. In other words, it is necessary to distribute the country of net-exporters (de-export-re-export), and net-import (de-import-re-export). most in light exporters become(The leading rank in the viglyadі rolled and pipes) єChina, Japan, Russia, Ukraine, FRN, country Benilux (Belgium - Luxembourg), Franceі Republic Korea. the most by importers nini whistle land ЄC (FRN, ITALY, France ta in.), USA, Republic Korea, China and інші countries.
International trade in products of growth. In 1976, 126 million tons of steel were overlooked in the light market, 140 million tons in 1980 (less than 25% of light steel), and in 2008, more than 400 million tons of steel were exported (about 30% of light steel).
tendencies development galusi
Change your mind for the change in black metallurgy. In the Bagatokh regions, the method of non-interruption-free pouring of steel, post-production metallurgy (no-blast), microalloying is becoming more and more widespread. Have children
the edges of the function of the enterprise, which is the vicarious way of the production of products. Progress in metallurgy itself (for example, the processes of rolling thin-sheet rolled products at mini-factories) can be radically applied to the efficiency of rolling, or in the galuzahs knitted with it (energy, machinery).
As it is already meant, do not marvel at the competition from the side of the products of color metallurgy and chemistry, steel in its position of the main design material, changed in 2007 by rock). A small part of the land is growing near the zalnosvitovyi viplavtsi of black metals. The price has been poured into significant changes in them by the production of black metals. The process will be explained in a small part of the time, that there will be closer to the main regions in the form of a high-grade ore, the development of a metallurgical production of metal products, and also that time, which was left by the end of the hour in the pink from ecologic-
but "bad" virobnists on their territory. As a result, China became the leader of the galusa, the Republic of Korea and India were already overtaken by Italy, Great Britain, France, and Brazil is approaching the military production in FRN.
In the rest of the rock in the black metallurgy of the deyaky rozvinenih provinces, there is a great value of the iron trade of the second steel bruch, which is known as on the structures and obligations of the black metals (chavun) in the regions of the rolled steel
With a significant world on the distribution of enterprises of black metallurgy, I pour in the glo-
balizatsion and transnationalization of the holy state, as well as integration processes. At the enterprises of the largest steel monopolies (TNCs), they are taking over the metal, such as and overturning the overstepping of the black metals among the great national government gifts, for example, Belgium, the United Kingdom, France, such as Leaders of the corporation "ArcelorMittal", "Nippon SteeM", "Baosteel Group". TNCs are at their policy with the possibilities of optimizing the territorial organization of their virobities and developing in all their light. At the same time, the development of great corporations allowed them to go beyond the boundaries of traditional markets.
Zalizna ore is the main syruvina for metallurgical industry. Rinok of gold ore in the significant world is infused into the economy of the rural lands.
The most important people living in the world of metallurgy are China. Apparently, the very same Asian land is from the production of steel in a number of borrowed positions, supplying practically 50 pieces of metal to the market.
We will be surprised that the reserves of gold ores in the world for the current day and that are in the top in the rating of the countries, as they produce gold ore.
Stocks of gold ores in the lands of the svitu.
Seemingly, on this day in 98 regions of the world, the birth of the golden ore of sweetness has been revealed. According to the assessments of the experts, the reserves of gold ore can become close to 790 billion tons. On the current day, the stocks of gold ores in the world will rise to 464 milliard tons. Apparently, they have been approved for a moment є close to 200 billion tons.
The large reserves of ore are becoming low and medium in quality. In private individuals, they have a seizure of up to 87% of the developed stock in the light. Such ore can be found in its own deposits from 16 to 40 times a day and can be used as a supplement. For example, in Russia, one of the five leaders of the regions by the type of ore, only trochas of more than 12 parts are available in the form of high-quality gold ore (not less than 60%).
We are washing, and this ore can be found in more than fifty regions of the world. At the same time, the main part of the chain of sirovini (up to 78 units) is supplied from five countries-leaders: China, Brazil, Russia, Australia and India.
The leader in the form of gold ore is China. In 2010, there were 900 million tonnes of vodobuly here, until 2013 the figure increased, and for the whole of 2012 it was close to 1.3 million tonnes.
Significantly, for two years of Persha, the p'yatyrka of leaders from the type of ore of antiroha did not change. So, following China and Australia, in the past two rocks, there has also been an increase in the amount of rubber ore from 420 to 525 million tons. Proceed in the name of the US Geological Survey. In the third month - Brazil, de in 2012 there were 375 million tons of vidobuto (which surpasses the indicators of 2010 for a total of 5 million tons). A quarter and a few minutes from India and Russia, apparently, there were 245 and 100 million tons in the last buzz.
Dear, ukraine, yaka є by itself rich land for payloads, in 2012 there were 81 million tons of total.
At the same time, in 2012, the number of companies butobuto 3 milliardi tons of ore.
Above all, there is a small table of stocks of deposits in the Russian regions of the world, but with METALRESEARCH estimates:
It can be seen that the list of leaders for reserves of gold ore does not include India, de officially approved for 2012 (dues of the US Geological Service) no more than 7 billion tons. At the same time, it’s for the video of India in the loan of the fourth month.
If you are not talking about ore, but rather about the brown zoloz, then the leaders here will be Russia and Brazil.
In the context of the remaining statistics, it is evident that only the ore can be stored in the virobnite (for high-temperature furnaces in blast furnaces), so that no less than 55 pieces of ore can be deposited. In іnshomu vypadku її dodatkovo zagachuyut zalizom, bringing the ryven together up to 60 vidsotkіv.
The most salient area of the world is the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly.
On the current day, the largest genera of gold ore in the world is the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (Russia). Development of ore reserves - 30 milliard tons.
Kursk Magnetic Anomaly hunt for regions - Orlovska, Kursk and Bilgorodska. The ore here is dumped on the territory of about 160 square kilometers (it means that you can put it in about nine regions of the land).
Due to official data, stocks of quartzite (development) are stored in excess of 25 milliard tons (instead of a deposit in ore, it does not change 37 wages). There is also a large load of rich ore (up to 66%) - about 30 billion tons.
It is amazing that ore on the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly can be obtained in two ways: vidkrytim (at the genera Lebedinske, Stoilenskiy and Mikhaylovskiy) and in the subterranean ancestors (Korobkovskoe).
Apparently, for the large promising reserves of gold ore in this anomaly, it can add up to the order of 200 milliard tons. Expertise suggests that the ore vidbutt on the ancestors of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly will continue to grow until 2020, in a momentous decline.
Directly promising for Russia, which is one of the countries, where there are great resources of gold ore, for the thought of one of the largest and most important ores in the region, for the development of ancestral lands with rich ores (up to 70 anomalies are known), between