The Chilean state company Codelco is the best company for the company. Enterprises with vidobutku and ore recovery. Vidobotok and ore processing
Girnich on the right has been taking care of its runoff for a long time in the Paleolithic, if people were mindful and pacified, but the earth could be rich in time and to bring, for example, there is a lot of time to love, to blot out views and also to take over the roads. In the Neolithic era, there appeared the first similarities of mines for vidobutku mіdі. At V-II thousand years BC. That is, the vidobutok mіdі otrimuє great expansion. Until the end of the 2nd millennium BC. That is, in western Altai, 3-5 tons of bronze were melted in rik. З II to I millennium BC go to the transition to the big ticket. Risky stribok at the turn of the girnich on the right was removed in the antique period. Until the 9th century, there wasn’t a build-up between a view of gold ore and a collection of details from a gold ore. At the IX-X stolіttі vіdіlilos Kovalska on the right.
Adding metal ores
The main material for the removal of ferrous metals is zalizna ore. It is also possible to pick up manganese, coke, and ores of light metals. Koksivne vugilla can be found in such countries as Australia, Nimechchina, USA, Russia, China, Ukraine, Kazakhstan. Some of the most popular light exporters from the vougill, wugilla є Australia, USA and PAR. Most reserves of gold ore are concentrated in Skhidniy Europe, Asia, Pivdennoi ta Pivnichniy Americaі Afritsі. For the current day, the reserves of gold ore are estimated at approximately 160 billion tons. The current volume of gold ore is kept at the level of 1 billion tons per market.
Providne a place in the її vidobutku lay with China (240 million tons), Brazil, Australia. A type of deposit of gold ore is deposited as an import and in a greater role, as well as in geological form. Significant values have reached the disproportions in the territory between the living of the gold ore and the health. At the center, the development of sea transport was connected. Ninety ponad 50% of the species of ore is designated for the new market. The most popular exporters from such countries are Brazil, Australia, Canada and Russia. The stench at once gives 2/3 of the export of gold ore. The main trend of reclamations is to Japan (over 30%), the country of the EU and the Republic of Korea.
Growing growth and international trade in hard scrap, which can be melted in the U.S. up to 40% of steel. Mineral syruvinny base of color metallurgy leads to low versus base metal in a large amount of ores. To trim one ton of honey, in the middle, up to 100 tons of copper ore, one ton of tin - 300 tons of ore. Rudy of the colour metals in front of the float zbagachuyut. The ores of colore metals are especially special because they contain even more abundant components. It is obvious that all the components that can be found in the ore are all at once.
Їх vidobutok with low concentration of metals to reach vigidna. The staff expands the complexity of their victories, which leads to a decrease in the consumption of additional components (noble, rare metals and in.). Particularity of the components injected into the syruinous organization in the distribution of enterprises. At its own heart, it has been infused into the geography of the formation of all galusies in the lands and regions of the world. In the last ten years, 4/5 of all music and more than 1/3 of aluminum are circulated in the regions, which are developing. Alle just a little kilka from them, there are reserves of light value. Russia is rich in reserves of honey, lead, zinc, uranium, minerals and cinnamon in a number of copalins. A large part of valuable metals and unique resources has been roasted in a part of the Great Siberia and distant to the Dale Skhid. Unlawful business companies make money and ruin mineral resources country. Country Brazil, Jamaica, Guinea bagata - bauxite, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Bolivia - tin, Zambia, Chili - middu. China with tungsten, middy, tin, lead), Russia (nickel, tin), Kazakhstan (mid, lead).
The main out-of-the-box material for aluminum production is bauxite, which can be used with alumina (for example, a product for aluminum melting). Most stocks of bauxite concentrated in Australia, Latin America(Jamaica, Surinam, Guyana, Brazil) and Afrits (Guinea, Ghana). Close to 70% of bauxite video footage is produced in the territories of Australia, Brazil, China, Guinea and Jamaica. Australia and Australia are seen as a view of Syruvin and alumina. Pivdenna America... Another mice with the development and living of the middle of the color metals loans. Most reserves and types of ore are found in America (Chile, USA, Peru, Canada) and Africa (Zambia, DRC), Eurasia (China, Indonesia, Russia, Poland) and Australia. Lead and zinc are melted from lead-zinc ores. China, USA, Canada, Australia, Kazakhstan, Peru have great reserves of mine ore. Stocks, views, tin production are concentrated in the main in Asia (3/4 light production) and in Latin America. China, Malaysia, Indonesia and Peru are seen in the middle of the country.
metallurgical companies
On the current day of the Russian company, it is not far from being on the sidelines and playing one of the key roles on the market, especially from the version of ferromolybdenum. Metallurgical companies in a large number of types are represented by great vertically-integrated structures. In the country, there is a videotap and processing of cinnamon copalins, such as zalizna ore, honey, rare earth metals.
(СМР) Soyuzmetallresurs is a large provincial company in Russia in the state of the art. СМР - є virobnik molybdenum concentrate і ferromolybdenum. Ferromolybdenum is a necessary additive for the production of stainless steel and bagatoch alloys of colour metals, which can be used in industry. СМР company also viroblyaє medium concentrate. In 2009, the number of CMPs on the light market was 5%. Two girnicho-zbagachuvalny combinates were encouraged in Transbaikal and in the Republic of Khakassia. There are two other factories with ferromolybdenum production since 2005-2006. The total reserves of molybdenum ore at the company's ancestors are estimated at more than 240 million tons. In 2011, the ROC helped to raise the company's stocks, for an additional license for the marketing of the honey-molybdenum genus in Khakassia, 300 million tons of ore, and in the future, the production of not only ferromolybdenum, but the second.
Stocks of ancestors in Transbaikalia
Great and arriving centers in terms of metal, vugilla were located in the center in the European part of the country and in the Urals, laid down in the new Siberia and in Transbaikalia. On a large scale, there was a vid of kam'yan and brown wood, peat, the currency of the state was growing. At the same time, from the great territory in the greater part of Ukraine and Bilorusia, in the center and in the winter of Siberia, on the Distant Descent, there was practically no situation. Construction and installation work carried out on geological exploration robots at the Chineysk polymetallic genera, reserves of gold ore at the genera are estimated at 1 billion tons; stocks middle ores- 12 million tons; at the ancestors also є reserves of gold, silver, platinum and paladia. In 1746 rotsi bulo has a polymetal genus. Vozdvizhenskaya genera of lead, zinc, silver, gold, cadmium and associated components in the Nerchinsko-Zavodskoy district Transbaikal Territory after the opening of the ancestral family, it went up to 1881, and then it was thrown down to the flood. Until recently turned in 2002 roci. Prior to that, the Blagodatsky mine of the Nerchinsky polymetallic combine was at work. From 2002 to 2007, the rocky lineage of Volodila TOV "Zabaikalzolotorazvedka" Prospective reserves of ore in category C2 are 605 thousand tons, lead - 7.7 thousand tons, zinc - 7.1 thousand tons, cadmium - close to 328 tons, average - 84 tons, gold - 321 kilograms.
The development of ore reserves in category C1 is 843 thousand tons, lead - 41.8 thousand tons, zinc - 39 thousand tons.
Vidobotok of color metals
Makers of their own wealth of land of copalins and good news in additional valuable metals of the Russian company in the future plan to take part in the development of the shelf of Kubi, as well as projects related to the view of tungsten, calcium. Krym uryad Kubi proponed to Russia to establish a social enterprise, which was engaged in a vid and sale of music, also put in favor of the development of genera of gold, silver, lead, medi, zinc registers in Cuban.
Metallurgy is important and the main focus of the Russian economy, which is an important source of foreign exchange expectations and also injected into the internationalization of the Russian economy. More than 70% of the products come to light markets.
In the hour of the process of globalization and systemic-structural transformation, new tendencies have appeared in the development of a light metallurgical complex and a market of color metals. In the process of changing the main factors, it is possible to infuse into the market the world markets of Syrovin, in the way of drinking and proposition, in production and in living, in the standard of the Syrian base in the production of new technologies; to repair the international consolidation of enterprises during the development of national cordons; change the distribution of forces on the light market. V the rest of the rock The growth of the light industry and prices on the color of the metal made it economical to grow China and the other Asian regions. The growth of the economies of the Asian regions will adapt to the level of light prices, which may be a magnificent inflow to the development of the bagatokh galuzei virobniztva.
View of valuable metal - gold
A vid of gold in Siberia has been trivially and practically ended up on the cob of the twentieth century. Over the course of an hour on the territory of Western and Eastern Siberia, there has been a proliferation of childless ancestors, as they have become more proliferating and developing promises.
On the territory of the current Russia, there are dozens of great ancestors, one of which - the gigantic ancestry of Sukhy Log - is going to be deprived of the ancestors in the PAR. Not long ago, Russia got a contract from the spіvpratsi with China for a larger and more global development of ancestry with the possible participation of China National Gold in the role of a contractor when a new complex for the processing of ore at a blessed birth is being built. Mova yde about the supply of Chinese possession in Russia for large children from distant ancestral families, as well as sales of gravel concentrate. For the bags in 2014, the production of Russian metallurgy has grown rapidly, and the export supplies have been growing. According to the data "Metal-Expert" - by 2.6% to 70.3 million tons. Just marvel at the statistics of livestock of the most recent markets for the data of Worldsteel - this is also the case: the modernization of metal products in 2014 grew by 2%, the winter in Europe - by 4%, in the USA - by 7%.
Seemingly, people have been adding gold ore and trimming it off for a long time. However, the rapid development of gold ore industry and industrial galuzy began to grow in the 1st half of the 18th century in conjunction with the growth of float for chavun and steel.
Development of gold ore industry in the world
According to the data of the US Geological Survey, a batch of salty ore was dumped in 2007 at 1.93 billion tons, having increased by 7% in the previous year. China (1st month), Brazil (2nd month) and Australia (3rd month) will save two thirds of the video, and at the same time from India (4th month) and Russia (5th month) - 80%.
In 2009, there is a photo of the golden ore according to the data of the U.S. Geological Survey stockpiled 2.3 billion tons (growth by 3.6% in 2008).
List of the fifteen regions - the largest wines of gold ore in 2010 and the number of representations in the new tables:
| Misce | Land | Ore ore production, million tons |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 900 |
| 2 | Australia | 420 |
| 3 | Brazil | 370 |
| 4 | India | 260 |
| 5 | Russia | 100 |
| 6 | Ukraine | 72 |
| 7 | STEAM | 55 |
| 8 | USA | 49 |
| 9 | Canada | 35 |
| 10 | Іran | 33 |
| 11 | Shvetsia | 25 |
| 12 | Kazakhstan | 22 |
| 13 | Venezuela | 16 |
| 14 | Mexico | 12 |
| 15 | Mauritania | 10 |
| rushta land | 50 |
USA
The main gold ore region of the United States є ancestry (English) grew up. near Lake Verkhniy. The reserves of the rich ores of Lake Verkhniy (the main ore base of the USA) are 1.1 billion tons. Nearly 90% of the ore is obtained by an efficient method. At the connection to changes in reserves of high-grade ores, it is worthwhile to find a victorious ore (takoniti).
Australia
The main area of the vidobutku of open ores in Australia is the region of Hamersli - Pilbara, de vidobuvayetsya close to 90% vidobutku in the country. There are such great mines here as the Paraburdu yak (40 million tonnes per fish), Mount Weilbeck (32 million tonnes), Mount Tom Price (24.5 million tonnes), Pannauonika (16 million tonnes). tons), Mount Goldsworth (7.8 million tons).
Brazil
Brazil has the largest reserves of gold ores in the world. In the country, the main amount of ore is being developed with a total of more than 60%. The main ore ore region of Brazil is the state of Minas Gerais (so the title of ore ore chotirikutnik), de great kar'єri "Kaue" (46 million tons), "Conceisan" (20 million tons), "Aguas-Claras" (12 million tons) , "Zhermani" (10 million tons per rik).
Most companies - virobniks of zaliznoi ore
| company | Country affiliation of the company | On the territory of yakih regions, ore is shot from the company's enterprises | Sumarna virobnicha pushing for zalizniy ore, Mln. Tons per rik. |
| Vale | Brazil | Brazil, State of Minas Geiras | 255 |
| Bhp billiton | Australia | Australia, Brazil | 160 |
| Rio Tinto | Great Britain | Australia, India, Canada, Guinea | 153,4 |
| ArcelorMittal | Great Britain | Canada, USA, Mexico, Brazil, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Algeria, Liberation | 78.9 (2011 rik - 54.1 million tons) |
| Fortescue Metals Group | Australia | Australia | 165 |
| Єvrazholding | Russia, Great Britain, Luxembourg | Russia Ukraine | 50,4 |
| Metaloinvest | Russia | Russia | 44,7 |
| AnBen | China | China | 44,7 |
| Metinvest Holding | Ukraine | Ukraine | 42,8 |
| Anglo american | STEAM | STEAM | 41,1 |
| LKAB | Shvetsia | Shvetsia | 38,5 |
Development of gold ore industry in Russia and CPSR
Gold ore industry in Russia is more than 300 rubles. However, in Tsarist Russia Rivne of the form of a large ore ore is not large and in 1913 it became 9.2 million tons per river. Russia, for a quick version of the gold ore, has come to a meeting in the light of the USA, Nimechchini, England and France. Until 1917, the rock videotoks of zaliznaya ore was reduced to a total of 5.3 million tons per river. The main centers of gold ore industry in the pre-revolutionary boule Ural and Kriviy Rig.
Burkhlivy development of the gold ore industry of the SRCP is repaired in the rock of the first p'yatirichok. In the 1930s, the species of gold ores in the SRSR changed over to the 1913 rivn. Before the Great vіtchiznyа vіynoyu Almost 30 million tonnes of ore were sold at the Rik. For war rocky, the vidobutku has been speeding up twice. Until 1950, a small amount of gold ore reached 43.2 million tons. The dynamics of the development of gold ore in industry is presented in the table. In 1958 r SRCP viyshov on the Persian mice in the light with a view of the gold ore. In 1990, the number of vidobots її transformed 532 million tons.
In the USSR, the gold ore industry has rejected the acceleration of development in conjunction with the industrialization of the land in the rock of the first five p'yatirichok. СРСР mav significant reserves of high-grade ores and practically non-interchangeable reserves of low-grade ores. For an abundance of balance reserves of ore and for an abundance of commercial gold ore, the SRSR took the first place in the world. The great resources of the hard ores were allowed with a general development of the technical and technical base, increasing the satisfaction of the growing consumption of black metallurgy of the USSR and a number of socialist regions in the commodity ore. Acceleration of development by cutting out the form of a type of gold ore is the most economical and efficient. Pitoma of the vagina in an incremental manner has increased from 54.3% in 1959 to 79.2% in 1970. Technically redelivery of mine boules and mines, which are used to redeploy genera by underground means.
Rustannya vidobutku ore in the SRCP in million tons of readings in the table
| 1913 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9,2 | 29,9 | 39,7 | 105,9 | 195,5 | 244,7 | n.d. | 236 |
Rіzko zrіs vidobutok ore ore, which took place at sagachuvalnyh factories. The share of products from bagachuvalny factories (concentrates) in commodity ore increased from 53.6% in 1965 to 62.3% in 1970. The concentrate expanded to the agglomerate with the addition of fluxes. One hour, a new method of agglomeration was developed - the pelletizing of concentrates on special installations with further vipaluvans and rejection of pellets, which made it possible to increase the productivity of blast furnaces and reduce vitrate coke.
In the meantime, the type of production of single ores in the middle decreased from 40.8% in 1965 to 37.3% in 1970, and the growth in commercial ore moved over the course of the year from 56.7% to 58, 8%, in concentrate - from 50.0% to 61.8%.
Sutt'vo changing geography of distribution of miner-ore enterprises of galuzi. Naivazhliv_shayu ore base of the European part of the SRSRBuv Krivor_z'kyy zal_zorudny basin. The enterprises supplied the pool ore ore with syruvinoy backwaters of Pridniprov'ya, Donbas and other regions, as well as a number of socialist regions. Visoka of a pitoma of a whale, a view of ore syruvina in the basin, five grynicho-spaguvalny combinats (GZK), according to an open view and a reprobation of hardy quartzites, were introduced into the basin; in 1961 rotsi), Pivnichny GZK (let downs in 1964 rotsi) and Inguletsky GZK (let downs in 1965 rotsi).
Another, due to the significance and scale of the ore base of the land and the head ore base of the factories of the Central part of the USSR, became the enterprises of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA). Stocks of KMA have developed to overturn stocks of the most generous families. Here, such great enterprises were prompted by such great enterprises as Mikhaylovskiy GZK, Lebedinskiy GZK and іnshi.
At the descent of the land, the ancestors of the Urals, Siberia and Kazakhstan were mastered at a reasonable pace. In the Urals, in the Sverdlovsk region, the boules were prompted by the Kachkanarskiy GZK and the Pivnichno-Pishchanskiy mine.
Sokolovsko-Sarbaiskiy GZK, Lisakovskiy GZK and Kacharskiy GZK
Rudy of the downstream Angara-Pitskiy gold ore basin in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Angara-Ilimskiy ore ore region in Irkutsk region became the basis for the development of metallurgy in Siberia. Buv with the equipment of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant, increased the number of ores at the mines of the Kemerovo region, the mines in the Krasnoyarsk Territory began to work, and the Kuznetsky Combinat (Kemerovo Region) was supplied with ore.