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Geographic location and cordon of Russia. Iceland: geography, state devices, infrastructure

The Republic of Iceland has a history of its own geographical position on the Atlantic (on the sea and on the roads of America and Europe) it takes an important place in the future strategic plans. The territory is included in the strategic command zone of the Atlantic unit.

Iceland is to be seen as a handy springboard for training and carrying out combat operations against the land of socialism. The land is not small bloodshot... However, on the territory of the United States there is a base of the United States and of the United States, as well as the distribution of American services. For information from the Earth friend, in the warehouses of the American base in Keflavik, the atomic energy is secured.

Geographic minds of Iceland

Iceland was roasted on a single island in the private part of the Atlantic Ocean (Fig. 1). At the same time, with small coastal islands, the land area becomes 103 yew. Sq. km. The length of the island from winter to day is close to 300 km, from approach to the turn of 500 km. Pivnichne Uzbeks of Iceland is washed by the Greenland Sea, in the past and in the past - Atlantic Ocean, Skhidny Bereg - by the waters of the Norwegian Sea. Island from the Pivne-American continent (Peninsula Labrador) at 1,750 km, from the Scandinavian Pivostrov () at 970 km, towards Great Britain - 800 km.

Small. 1. Basic elements of infrastructure of Iceland

Iceland is a mountainous land: close to 60% of the territory is raised at a height of more than 400 m above the sea level. A significant part of the land is covered with mountains of volcanic hiking, some of them reach a height of 2000 m. Vischa point- Hvannadalskhnukur volcano (2119 m) on the first descent of the island.

11% of the territory of the country is covered by ice hobbyists, the most of which are located in the central and new parts of the country. Great lava fields, strained ice fields, numerous valleys to roam the inner part of the island, empty and important access. Lower and rural areas occupy all 7% of the territory. The stinks of the rosette are very important at the party in the girls rychok Khvitau and Tyoursau and at the entrance to the Fox Fjord area.

Iceland is covered with dense lakes and rivers with no rapids and watersheds. There is a large flow of water and a rapid flow. The stench is not welcome for shipfaring, but it has significant reserves of hydroenergy (4.5 million kW).

The coastline of the island is close to 6 yew. Km is heavily pitted. Wandering, wintery and ancient shores of the land are high and skeletal, with wide fords and bays, which are rich in natural harbors for dry parking of ships. The Pivdenny coast of Iceland is mostly low-lying, ravninniy, with numerous milins, which is not safe for shipfaring. There are many natural harbors here.

Sharp outcrops on the great shelf, the width of which reaches 100 km with a sea depth of 200-1200 m. The sea is not frozen.

Climate of Iceland is subpolar, oceanic, warm Atlantic current(Irminger) і cold skid-Icelandic flow, the charge is usually warm, and a little bit cold.

The average temperature of a fierce (coldest month) ranges from -3 ° to + 2 °, lime trees - from 7 ° to 12 °. Through parts of the cyclones on the island, there are strong weather changes. At the time of rock, they fall off a board and a tree (the number of days with a fall reaches 300), the maximum number of falloffs (2500 mm) falls on the porch of the country. Great is the part of їх fitє on osinnі mіsyatsі... At the same time, there is often a storm of wind, as in the coastal waters, I mean it is not safe for sailing. In the central regions, saw-storms are not frequent, which carry the majestic mass of the volcanic saw and squeak. Stretching out all fate, the weather is gloomy, in the middle in the morning there are no more than 30 clear and cold days.

Soil-woolen cover bedny. At the coastal lowlands there are peaty-pidzolic runts, and in the other regions - volcanic arctic. On more than 2/3 of the territory of the land, there is not a lot of grass cover, and on the sieve part there are moss-lichen cover. Only a few small masses of low-growing trees appear in the valleys in the valleys, and they become 0.5% of the territory. Near the valleys of the rivers and lakes є swampy meadows.

Near the coastal waters of Iceland there are close to 150 species of ribs, of which 15 species may be of industrial importance.

Population and state institutions of Iceland

The number of the population as of 1975 became 212 yew. Osib. For the natural increase in the population of Iceland, one of the first places in the middle of the Western European regions is borrowed (20 individuals per 1000 inhabitants). The population is unevenly distributed: close to 60% live on the first visit (there is a population of 12 people per 1 sq. Km., In the other districts there are 9 individuals per 1 sq. Km.)

More than half of the population lives in places where the greatest is Reyk'avik.

Reyk'avik is the capital of the country (98 thousand. Cholovik). Central political, economic and cultural center of Iceland, її head transport university. Here, all standards, basic science and culture, are established: parliament, ministries, as well as universities, colleges, technical, sea-going, pedagogical and trade schools, radio and television libraries, museums, theaters, art gallery. At Reyk'avik there are machinery, textile, industrial and wood-processing enterprises. Most of the enterprises are associated with services (shipyards, riboprerobny creeks, refrigerators, etc.).

Pivnichne Uzbek Island is a densely populated area. Here there is a different one for the size of the place of the land of Akureyri - an important administrative and industrial center(10 thousand people).

The main types of settlements in the country are small farms and near farmers' yards.

The national warehouse of the population is single-world: 99% of Icelandic and only 1% of Danes, Norwegians and Nimts.

Derzhavna Mova - Icelandic, Sovereign Religiya - Lutheranska.

For its sovereign structure, Iceland is a bourgeois republic (the 17th heart of 1914 was burned out).

Legislating the ownership in the country should be imposed on the parliament (althing) and the president, which is to be used for chotiri rocky.

Vikonavcha Vlada is going to be in a row, which is formed from representatives of political parties, which may be more in parliament. In a given hour, the order will be formed from the Party of Independence and the Progressive Party.

In 1971, in Iceland Bully, a post-school vibori was held. As a result, representatives of all the main parties of the country rejected the representatives of all the main parties of the country: the Party of Independence (conservative) - 25 months, the progressive party (farmer) - 17, the People's Union (to fight for workers' rights) - 11, Social Democratic Party - 5 months, organizing vilno-minded and livikh (OSL) - 2. Altnng is composed of 60 deputies, scoop on choir rock.

In the administrative region, the region is divided into 23 districts with 215 rural communes. The capital and 14 other places have their own local organizations at the government, which are not in the districts.

Economy of Iceland

Iceland is a highly degraded agrarian-industrial land. The main economic economics are ribalism and rib-processing industry. Iceland will sit for the eighth month in the eighth month for the catch of ribe, and for the head of the population (more than 6 tons) - perche. Riba and riboproducts store 1/3 of the country's gross product and 95% of all export (another place in the Western Europe of Norway).

On the basis of great water and geothermal resources, the fire and energy industry has been successfully developed. The overwhelming pressure of all hydroelectric power stations is 200 yew. KW. In 1972, the enterprise was commissioned into the aluminum plant in Stroumsvik (the industrial capacity is 77 thousand tons of aluminum). Є small shipbuilding, cement, nitrogen fertilizer and textile industries. Nearly 40% of the self-employed population is occupied by the industry.

The main economic region of Iceland is Reyk'avik and the yogo city-supporters Kupavogur, Habnarfjordur and Akranes. Here, also 1/3 of the tonnage of the riboprice and the merchant fleet is also allocated.

On the basis of geothermal dzherel vikorystannya significant development was given to the greenhouse and greenhouse by the government.

Nadra Iceland Bidni on Korisny Kopalini. In small quantities, you can see sirka, Icelandic spar, swamp ore, pearlite, diatomite and bore vugilya. In addition, there are generations of early life materials (basalt slag, vapnyak, gravel, liparite pumice and іnshі).

The availability of local resources has given rise to the great availability of Iceland from the world market. For the lasting trade for the soul, the population of the country will be settled in Europe. The land is to import industrial property, food, court, grain, etc. More than 70% for export and 50% for import to the land of "Spilnoe Rinku".

per the rest of the rock to promote the growth of trade and economic ties with the United States (for 1971 - one thousand nine hundred and seventy chotiri rocky American-Icelandic commodity circulation zrіs more nіzh in chotiri razi). Tse nadaє, which means іnzemnа druk, іstotny pouring on the more potent political and economical fallowness of Iceland from other states.

Transport and links of Iceland

Transport of Icelandic performances with views, beyond the zaliznichny. Due to the peculiarities of the geographic location of the land natural minds the greatest development of maritime transport, both for internal transport and for transportation. The Icelandic fleet is close to 700 ships with a tonnage of 80 yew. Br.-Reg. t. Mayzhe all vessels have recently been mobilized (10-15 years). More than half of the warehouse of the commercial and commercial fleet will be owned by the private company "Eimskipafelag Icelands" and the Federation of Icelandic professional spillok "Samband Islenekra Samviniufelagi". The stench controls close to 80% of the global merchandise transported by the Icelandic fleet.

Iceland is linked by permanent vantage-and-passenger lines from the ports of the USA, Great Britain and the country Pivnichno Western Europe... There is also a sea-going relationship with the African powers, Of Americaі Seredzemnomor'ya.

Maritime transport is well served by both ports and docks. In a given hour, more than 45 sea and river ports can accommodate a ship with a draft of up to 5 m (not far from floods) and close to 20 berths - a vessel with a draft of up to 3 m. There are especially few їх on the pivdenal-skidny Uzbek, there are not many people for all of them.

The main port of the country, through which a large part of the trade and cabotage vantage transfer (80-85%) pass, is Reyk'avik. Yogo natural harbor vvazhaetsya short in the inner part of the island and most vividly roztashennyu according to shipping to sea trade routes. The port is ma kіlka moorings by a fabulous donkey ponad 3 yew. M (the length of the harbor and the berths more than 5 m). There is a shipyard, naphtha, repair shops, warehouses, a refrigerator and an elevator.

In the rest of the rock, significant work was carried out on the modernization and expansion of the port, which allowed the acceptance of 30 ribal and dry small tonnage vessels at once.

The port of Akureyri is more important in the navigation of Iceland, as well as the port of Akureyri, in the town of Eijafjordur. We can handle a vessel with a draft of up to 5 m. There are naphtha storage facilities, warehouses, a refrigerator, repairs and repairs to the shipyard. Akureyri is also the center of the shipbuilding industry. The yogo shipyards will have a water tonnage of up to 2 yew. Br.-Reg. T.

More important are the ports of Habnarfjordur, Isafjordur, Streumsvik, Neskeipstadur, Siglufjordur and Westmaneyar.

In the rock of another light of war, the States established a base on the birch of a glibovodny tributary of the Khval-fjord. Here we were prompted with a meal of 260 m, warehousing, Nafta and water storage facilities and port facilities. In 1962, the American submarine "Nautilus" entered the Hval Fjord. In Danish hour, there is a base point here, where to go before the hour is to replenish stocks of fires and ships of the American Navy.

Maritime transport to service 115 lighthouses, motivated on the shores of Iceland and adjacent islands.

As a result of the clever minds, the relfu and suvorogo classmate of ground and transport is poorly developed. Highways and polishing of dirt roads of the boule were prompted in the main in the rock of another light in the middle of the hour. Infected all regions of the land are tied by auto-rail roads. The length of these is close to 11.5 yew. Km. However, only on the same road (50 km), where the Reyk'avik z Keflavik, concrete pokrittya, and іnshі may crushed stone (basalt slag) or gravel pokrittya. The width of the leading part is rarely 4-6 m, and for the rose of the industrial machines through the singing intervals of the expansion of the door. On the roads є there are 700 bridges up to 10-300 m in length and up to 9 tons of bridges (Fig. 2). A large part їх is not attached to a double-sided ruch, їх width is roughly 4 m.

Small. 2. A place on one of the roads of Iceland

To the most important bridges, which are more important transport means, bridges go across the river. Legarflyot near m Eyilstadir (dovzhina 301 m) and іnshі bridges (up to 200 m) on kіltsevіy automobile road... The basis of the road warehouse is the Kiltsev road Reyk'avik - Borgaones - Blenduos - Akureyri - Enilstadir - Khobi - Skaftafell - Selfoss, which is 1500 km long (Fig. 3). At the descent of the land in the region of the village of Skeydarausandur there is a 30-km long carriageway, not a long one for transport by means of a number of channels and blue ice rusks. From the main circular road, go through the hall to the coastal settlements. Great inner regions of Iceland do not miss the road, except for high stitches.

Small. 3. Dilyanka of the circular road on the island of Iceland

Beyond the news of the Icelandic friend, further expansion of the road to the best possible way is not transferred. Up to 15% of the budget of the country is usually seen on the development of land transport. In Danish hour, the main thing is to come to reconstruct the existing roads.

The car park narakhovuє is close to 50 thousand. Cars, from which 60% are transferred to Reyk'avik.

The importance of food transport has grown in the music industry. It’s good for both internal and international transportation. The experience of receiving on internal lines is seen between 20 points of the country.

Regular repeated flights Iceland is linked to Danin, Great Britain, Norway and Sweden. There are international aviales, which ring Europe with Pivnichnaya and Pivdennaya America.

There are 50 aerodromes and landing majdanchiks near the country with runways up to 200-3500 m.

The telephone call is available to all populations, which are included in the national call system. 70% of telephone exchanges are automatic. The country has 25 radiotelephone stations and a radiotelephone center.

Pidvodniy cable through Seydisfjordur connected Iceland with Bervik on the Shetland Islands. The radio-telephone connection of Reyk'avik to New York, London, Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm has been installed.

American news in Iceland

Visible geographic position of Iceland on the weekends and sea routes From Europe to America for a long time, it took respect for the imperialist powers. On the cob of another holy war in Iceland, parts of the English war were taken over, and before the end of 1941, the bulo visadzheno ponad 40 thousand. American service providers. For the plans of the US command, the values of the robots were flared up to the end of the mission of the day to prevent the activity of the US Navy in the Pacific Ocean. In addition to the modernization of the Keflavik aerodrome, the great robots were carried out along the line of communication, the expansion and modernization of the port was expanded. It’s not a bargain in the hands of American industrial companies that the main important things in the former Icelandic trade with the other countries, in the secured land with the necessary goods and established goods, will be in the hands of American industrial companies.

The occupation of the island by the United States and the economic expansion of American tycoons played an important role in the increased supply of new States in Iceland and the involvement of NATO. Having become a member of the aggressive Pivnichno-Atlantic bloc in 1949, Iceland has consumed an even greater political and economic accumulation of resources from the Secondary States. In 1951, it was imposed "Pleasure for the defense of both Iceland and the United States." For the sake of her pleasure, she sent the State to organize the "defense" of Iceland, and for the sake of its order, the necessary territory, to build up all the necessary objects and to be mother's right to be viciously compensated without maturity.

The American service team immediately started to expand the Keflavik airfield and the future radio stations, radio stations and the new ones, and the development of the American service centers.

The progressive forces of Iceland played for the release of American islands from the islands, an anti-American ruh flared up in the country.

In 1956, the Icelandic Parliament adopted a decision about the re-examination of the "Good for Defense" and the creation of American countries from the country. However, we will get the States to go for the sake of the right forces of Iceland not only to save their base in Keflavik, but to reimburse the Icelandic authorities for the expansion and operation of the Icelandic-marine base.

Behind the news of foreign presie, in the Keflavik area, there is an airdrome, an accessory for the occasional flight, a branch of the naval base and the control center of the US Naval Forces in the Atlantic, an In 1961, the Keflavik Bula base was officially transferred to the order of the Pivnichno-Atlantic Block. Here the headquarters of the so-called "NATO Island Command" has been expanded.

Keflavik redevelopment in the forefront of the base and the forefront of the air base of the US Navy's counterparts. In the Danish hour, a US Navy patrol squadron is deployed here (nine aircraft "Orion"), an infantry squadron (12 F-4E), as well as a call, coast guards, meteorological services, MTO and

To secure the American submarine chambers in the Atlantic on the territory of Iceland, the station of the system "Laurent" Z, (m. Hyobi).

On the thought of foreign Viesky factions, the chief employees of American jokes in Iceland є servicing the greenland-Iceland-Norway borderline, as well as providing an early advancement in the United States Pivnichna America- Europe.

Small. 4. Radiolocation post of distant detection of the targets in the winter of Iceland

There are a number of organizational and political visits to ensure the safety of American travel in Iceland. Zokrem, for the sake of getting a call between the district of Iceland and the command of the American military under the Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a special video has been issued.

The Icelandic people are risky for the vivedennya of American visitors from the country. Under the grip of the progressive community in 1971, the Icelandic uryad was filled with disturbances, and it was called "please about the defense" and about the development of American troops in 1975. However, for the first time Iceland has succumbed to a strong grip on the side of the United States and NATO's policy. In a short hour, the country was seen by American congresses and senators, representatives of the NATO and US teams, as well as other small children from the newly formed States. In 1972, the US squad saw 13 million dollars for the expansion of the "community" business on the basis of Keflavik.

In the active activity, directing to change the position of the order, also all the reaction forces of Iceland were included. The Icelandic district has already been signed by the representatives of the United States for the sake of preserving the Keflavik base. Vono transferring is carried out without deyakikh visits, which is to circumvent the status of the transfer of American flights in Iceland. The number of American military personnel will be quicker and the stock will be close to 3,500 (on the ear of 1975, there will be close to 5,000 American military personnel and civilians). The aerodrome in Keflavik is transferred to the airfield and civilian zone. American military personnel and family members will live on the territory of the Keflavik home base.

Thus, the glance "please about the defense" is not forgiving indispensable food - for the reason of the American revolution and the reason for the work of the future on the territory of Iceland. in Europe and wiklikak, it is more and more time-consuming and troublesome of the progressive community of light.

The knowledge of Poland and Russia and the regions of Western Europe was impeded by the fact that it was immediately visible and not safe from a political point of view. The geography of the land is rich in what began at the same time and played an important role in the formation of the ninth state.

Geographic location of Poland

If you describe Poland's geographic position briefly, then you can say that it will take an area of about 313 thousand km2 and less than 700 km in a direct line-to-west and 650 km - in a direct winter. At the beginning of the day by the natural borders of the land, the Carpathian mountains and the Sudetsky mountains, and at winter the cordon of the Uzbek Baltic Sea.
On the territory of the country there are many lakes and rivers, the main ones - Visla and Oder - with tributaries.
The sovereign harmony of Poland is a parliamentary-presidential republic in which the president and the Seimas play the role of parliament.

Great economic and geographical position of Poland has played an important role in the share of the independent state. With her outstretch, she repeatedly pushed her sleep, entering the warehouse all at once from the rest of the world. Sviy ninishniy viglyad the land was healthy only after the end of another holy day.
Poland is a maritime power with a gateway to the Baltic Sea, so it will be recognized in a positive way in the international arena. On the territory of the country є mountains with miraculous vidminno were protected by fools, like є dzherels of natural riches and copalins. Until then, Tatri may have miracles of girskolizhni resorts, which would be free of tourists. rіznih lands light.
A large part of the Polish lands was given away from the Silk-Gospodarskiy reason, but it didn’t leave the state to save in the unencumbered viglyad, a part of the little boy and perfect cocks of living nature with unique landscapes and bags.
Tim, who wants to go to live in the Tsiu land, needs a lot of money, as it infuses the history and geography of Poland on the map of the Pole. The consulate will be given great respect, and the applicants will be too late to give some information about the rejection of the great knowledge of the tsikh topics.

Characteristics of the geography of Poland

Poland, in terms of its history to the middle lands, which was rich in what made a boisterous, bogato-compassionate history, rich in numerous corny copalins. For example, for reserves of brown wood, red metals, new species Syrovini for the production of wake-up materials and kitchen salt The land will come to the first place in Europe. Zdebіlshy korisnі kopalini vyobuvayut in mountainous areas. Kitchen sil From Wieliczka, the capital of the bulw was the basis of a prosperous state. The infection of the newest mine is going to bring income, altogether as an object of historical decline and a monument to the master of mines.
With all the riches of cinnamon copalins, some of them, for example, naphtha and phosphorite, the land of importation, some of the power reserves are clearly not enough to grow wildly.
The political and geographic situation of Poland in the past was robbed by the victim of superpowers, but at the present time, the central development of Poland has become an important and influential power of Europe.

When the Pole's cards are rejected, a great role is played by the geography of Poland's Polish language. Good knowledge is a clear plus when rejecting documents.
In order for the consul to accept the decisions, the nobility of the Polish position is required, tsikavi facts and at least a short version of geographic views.
Poland is a country rich in nationalities, not only Poles live in the territory of the country, there are most of the Ukrainian diaspora, there are Bilorusians, Lithuanians, Nimtsians, representatives of the other nationalities.
At the land of good rozvinene silske statehood... There is a runt here with a small amount of black earth. Rozvinena kharchova, light is the textile industry, the machine-building and the production of furniture. In the energy sector, it is vasno vugil and imported naphtha.
The peculiarities of the geographical position of Poland are supplemented by an active part of the transport routes between the small lands, transporting for the power needs and for the needs of the other countries.
Having chosen well, as the peculiarities of the geographical position of Poland, whether a person could be easily informed about them and become a contender for the rejection of a picture of a Pole.

Poland's position on the mainland

The growth of the land in the center of the European part of the mainland brought a lot of prosperity, and inconvenience, as it was constantly brought about by attacks and territorial claims from the other powers. Its residual cordon Poland has retired only after the completion of the Other Holy Week.
Zavdyaky their own roztashuvannyu on the mainland land is a great landscape and climate. Departure in the Baltic Sea and the appearance of a powerless rychok, a large part of yachts, for a long time, robbed the land of an important transport artery. In our days, Poland has been actively participating in the transit between the Baltic countries, Scandinavia, Skidnoy and Zakhidnoy Europe, and Close Gathering.

Geopolitical status of the state: day characteristics

Fartushnyak Lilia Leonovna,

zdobuvach of the Ural sovereign state university.

A modern geopolitical picture of the world differs from the front foldable system of light sounds, which, in most of their own, refute the old geopolitical schemes of the past. Classical geopolitics proposes to us clear and precise formulas, fixed systems of geopolitical coordinates, and periodic conflicts and supernaturals are not in the power to change the dominant coalition, Rome's confessions and conferences The new, "post-Westphalian" light geopolitical system destroys the classical geopolitical approaches, the form of the new geopolitical proportions and distribution, to explain some of the necessary new, non-classical methods of geopolitical analysis.

Science literature has a practical understanding of the concept of "geopolitical status". The presenters of the young geopolitical schools and straightforwardly, one by one, talked about the geopolitical position of the powers, albeit within the framework of communicating or spreading their theories. Fridrikh Ratzel is one of the theorists of geopolitics, the founder of political geography in his head of the project "Politische Geographie" (Political Geography, 1987) the power will attach itself to the minds of the middle. H. J. McKinder in his additional story "Geographic Vіs Of History", published in 1904 in "Geographic Journal" by the detective Heartland ( Heartland ) - the heart of the world, or "middle ground", which is the most friendly springboard for control over our light and marks the first line of the state's encampment. According to Mackinder, Volodya Rosiya. In political terms, it meant the realization of the provincial role of Russia in the strategic sense, and at the same time it meant a sign of geopolitical status.

A. Mehen visunuv number kriterіїv, SSMSC dopomagayut analіzuvati pozitsіyu abo geopolіtichny status Powers, Sereda yakih: geografіchne PROVISIONS i vіdkritіst seas konfіguratsіya morskih uzberezh i Quantity portіv them roztashovanih, od yakih deposits protsvіtannya torgіvlі that strategіchna zahischenіst, protyazhnіst teritorії, randomness Quantity population , national character and political character of government. The basis of this theory of geopolitical position was a strong maritime power, for example, in vvvvvv the United States, until the new panuvannya and prototypical continental civilization (the powers of Eurasia and in Persia - China and Russia).

Prominent American geopolitician N. Spykman in his works "American strategy in political politics" and "Geography of light" Having seen 10 criteria for the status of the state, developing the main criteria of Mehen, at the present time, the state can not be geopolitically based. Among them: the surface of the territory, the nature of cordons, the population of the population, economic and technological development, ethnical uniformity, the level of social integration, political stability, etc. As the summarized result of the assessment of the geopolitical capabilities of the state appears to be no less high, then it automatically tempts to enter into a large foreign strategic alliance, for the sake of global strategic geopolitical protection.

The geopolitical setting of a state is the whole role and the world of a state in the system of states of the geopolitical region and international trade in general. Vono start with political, economical, vital, demographic, intellectual potential. At the geopolitical camp of the state, the flow of visibility to the sea, the level of development of the systems and communal services, the stock of natural resources, the length of the sea, migrants and land cordons, climatic minds are included. The state of the land can be assessed on: macrorivs - many of the centers of the economy and politics; meso-level - many great regions and groups of powers; mікрорівні - often from the common lands and from them.

Understanding "status" in modern science literature can be ambiguous. Sociology understands "status" to mean the position (or position) of an individual or a group in social systems, as it is established by a number of economical, professional, ethnic and specific for the given suspension systems sign. Development of "attributions" (usadkovanі) and "reach" social status... In the encyclopedia "Geopolitics", the status is seen as the supremacy of rights and obligations, as well as the legal status of an individual, a sovereign body, a community or international organization. Thus, the status is the price of the position in the singing system of suspicious vernaculars, which is given by the sub''ctom in the international system.

Political status characterizes the power of the state, its ability to implement in the implementation of these spheres of international affairs. The most important elements of such a status are: the institutional character, territorial supremacy of power, the manifestation of the legitimate power structure, the existence of state power, the single credit-and-penny system of universal legal personality, etc.

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Whether it is a power that is in the geopolitical system, it doesn’t have a position, so it’s such a status, which is a transfer of the political and legal status of the power within the framework of international news... In addition, it seems, geopolitical status is the central political and legal establishment of the state of every political sub'ct within the framework of the global geopolitical system, which characterizes the political and economic world, the possibility of potential. For the purpose of assigning a geopolitical status, it is necessary to see a number of parameters that are universally characterized, both in unimaginable and most significant suttuvim (key) signs. The stench is the basis of the state of mind. Parameters can be basic (primary) and dynamic (secondary). The primary parameters of the geopolitical status are based on the geographic provisions, the size of the territory, clever minds, In the presence of natural resources, population density, etc. The second parameters are the main political, modern, social and economic attributes of the state, which lie in the political will of the state of the country, and the state of the world realizes that global geopolitical basic strategic In a majestic row of different parameters in the geopolitical status of powers we see parameters keys... Such decal:

1. Territorial and geographical position. To look at the vastness of the legal regime, so that it is part of the earthly coo from the land and water surface, nadra and winding space, as well as - space i be in new heavenly tila... Vona є the material basis of the state of power. Yakіst teritorії viznachaєtsya Natural i klіmatichnimi minds nayavnіstyu abo vіdsutnіstyu vihodіv in svіtovy ocean vnutrіshnіmi Water komunіkatsіyami, reserves of natural i, Especially, energetichnih resursіv i way їh osvoєnnya, pitched Culture, Economy, and takozh yakіstyu upravlіnnya suspіlstvom in tsіlomu s side polіtichnoї elіti. Territory to become the strategic resource of the state, for its significance, it overturns all of its resources, as it infuses into the nature and the main parameters of the interests of the state.

2. Near the cordon space and the cordon camp. Near the border, the vastness of the cordon is connected to the state cordon from the inner and outer sides of the part of the national territory on land, the fortune-teller and the water basins, in the boundaries of which a special regional legal regime is to be established, The state cordon is a parameter of the borderline space є an unrecognizable component of the geopolitical position of the country.

3. Health before vision, de important warehouse є camp population : Yo kolkitst and brilliance. In order to be able to see the physical health of the nation, the type of production, the government, the level of education and professional qualifications, etc.

4. Evidence of military strategic power , Including an efficiently active industrial-industrial complex, a large army, the appearance of nuclear security, the development of strategic technologies. The fate of the state in peacekeeping operations is also important, the power organization has been promoted, and it is essential to protect the security of the state and the nation on a global scale. The key role is to evolve the visibility of the doctrine of the world, to avenge the formulation of threats and to describe the cost of the problem and the solution.

5. Step of the National Security of the State and the National ... National security is a supervised folding functional system, in which the processes of interaction and struggle between life The main systematic element of the system of national security is national interests, affecting the essential needs of the suspension and the state, satisfying those who are healthy for the development of the steel. The preservation of the national security of any power is of a specific nature, as it is a special feature of the power and national interests, and of their realizations. XXI The capital of innovation is safe to play an ever growing role, but with the traditional preservation of the balance of power and the strategic parity of not losing its importance. Stink to preserve your meaning as the main element of the international security system.

6. The stage of geopolitical strategy development, how to be implemented in the system of program documents of the state: constitution, concept of national security, strategy of economic security, pre-city strategy of social, economic and national development of the country. In the modern geopolitical situation, Russia is at the disposal of two strategies: one of them is based on the modern standards of ancient civilization, and on the basis of the system of Eurasian values. The first to transfer to the integration of Russia into the political economy through the establishment of the transnational economic and political organization, a friend - the synthesis of classic liberalism and sovereign regulation, de facto economic society is not the only one

7. State of the art of making amendments in the development of international sports goods, which includes geopolitical activity or the passivity of the state and the administration, the economic and financial mechanisms, the stages of the development of science and science-based technologies, international publishing and the authority of the state;

Geopolitical status is formed in the course of cultural and historical development, it is based on fundamental factors in the development of ethnicity, geography of its development, as well as the "short-handedness" of the state. Within the framework of the modern order of the world, the state becomes one of the main actors in geopolitics. However, after the sukupnyy obsyag, the powers of the state develop. Today we see some of the main types of powers - geopolitical actors: superpowers, great powers, regional powers and small powers. Superpower (term appearing in the other half Xx v.) - the power is still straining, with the most (in some cases - absolute) political, economical, or even more powerful over the greater powers, for all three passes in one hour. Superpowers cannot be rich: in different minds, the development of the geopolitical order is one (UNIPOL) or two (bipolar light). superpower Xx v. (USA і CPSR), not only by vіyskov, but by ideological and economical leaders of two saints to stand one to one group. Їх expansion in the geopolitical expanses of small absolute character, for example, the US nuclear weapons in 60-70 rr. Xx stolittya. Powers-leaders bore the responsibility for the security of the groups of countries that were assigned to them.

A great power is a power, really, or gradually, infused into the development of the world within the framework of the singing era.The Victory Congress of the Powers-Victims of 1815 codified the status of great powers. Buv the opening of the "Concert of the Great Powers", kudi uvіyshli Russia, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and then France. The geopolitical expansion of such powers is built on a gradual basis, of a rather unremarkable character. The state is so great ( World power ) - the whole power, actually and gradually infused into the system of international legal and international changes in the framework of a specific historical period. In other words, a great power is a whole power, so Volodya will overturn the building to geopolitical expansion in all the vastness. The vastness of the expansion of such powers will grow gradually, with less growth, but not an absolute, global character and is not unreasonable. In the light of the powers, as they do not volody overturn the sukupnoy miztsyu, but rather overturn the rich powers of the other powers at the stage of development of a specific aspect of the current urgency. The concept of "great economic power", "great nuclear power", "great sea power", etc., is formed at the link, which allows you to see a specific aspect of the important power of a given state in some countries with other powers.

The term "regional power" was introduced recently - in new history... These powers are called regional powers, as they are a real addition to the regional scale within the framework of a particular historical era, as the singing indicators do not reach the positions of a great power. Such, Christmas, є Іran, India, Brazil, Australia and інші.

A lesser power is a power that has an insignificant sukupnoy miztsyu and flowing within the framework of the singing system of international vidnosins. Denmark is used to the country, the significance and the territory of such navies in the regional world is not great.

The creation and improvement of the geopolitical status of the state is the result of a trivial historical development. Some, even the most efficient self-control characteristics of the power allow you to occupy this particular place in geopolitical stratification. But, more often than not, for everything - the price of accumulation of the sukupniy potential and the implementation of strategic national and state interests, which are the basis of that geopolitical status of the state.

Literature.

1. Gadzhiev K. Introduced into geopolitics: Pidruchnik for university students. / Gadzhiev K. - M: Logos, 2002 .-- p. 40

2. Geopolitics. The encyclopedia is popular. Moscow: TERRA - KNIZHKOVY CLUB, 2002. - p. 544

3. Vasilenko I. Geopolitics. Navchalnyy posibnik./ І. Vasilenko. - M: Nauka, 2003 .-- p. 148.

4. Komleva N. Kollektivna bezpeka at the current stage. Problems of education, science and culture. Issue 12.Ecological problems and concerns. // Izvestia Uralskogo sovereign university... - 2002. - No. 23. - p. 23

5. Petrov. The atmosphere in Russia. // National Security and Geopolitics of Russia. - 2003. - No. 9. - p. 16

6. Economical safety of Russia. M: Publishing house "Delo", 2005. - p. 71.

7. Yavchunovskaya R. Geopolitical Ugros and Wikklics of the National Security of Russia. // Vlada. -2004, - No. 2 - p. 49

8. Friedrich Ratzel, "Politische Geographie", 1887, "Einleitung"

9. Mackinder H. Geographical Pivot of History in Geograghical Journal, 1904.

Povnotextovy pochuk:

Головна> Abstract> Geography

Entry.

Geographic location of Russia.

Influx of the geographical position and the development of the territory on the particularity of nature and the statehood of the country.

Geopolitical camp of Russia.

Economics and geography of Russia.

Political and geographical position of Russia.

visnovok

Literature.

1. Introduction.

The robot is assigned to the characteristics of the Russian Federation - the most sovereign republics of the SND for the size of the territory and the number of population, for the number and versatility of natural resources, for economic potential.

A given robot represents the peculiarities of the political and economic-geographical position of Ukraine, the characteristics of the population of the country and Zagalna characteristic state gratitude, as well as presented a report on the economic and geographical characteristics of the economic regions.

Moreover, the characteristics of the economic regions of the Viconan are in the same methodical key, as well as the characteristics of the other powers: economic and geographical position, natural resources, population and government. This scheme allows for the development of the rural regions of the country, allowing them to be different in each other, by and large, and remembering their specialties.

Economic-geographical position є strategic resource of the state, and is characterized by the supremacy of geographical, economic and historical factors. This is a dynamic characteristic, the meaning of change in the hour is fallen from the change, which is being seen in the light system, the level of victorious progress in the hallucination of scientific and technical progress and other factors. Economics and geography possesses high and low characteristics, which can be excellent. Being due to its significance to the national over-the-counter, it is impossible to belong to the federal sub'uktu.

The basis of the economic and geographical position is the historical development of a specific geographical entity. In the historical era, one and the same physical and geographical position can be easily achieved in a different way and in different ways.

It is possible to name Netherlands, Panama, Egypt, Singapur, Estonia, the powers of Central Europe, and the geopolitical position - Turechchia. So, a part of income from transit in the out-of-town export of the Netherlands is 40%, and Turechchina is practically in control of the passage of large-tonnage tankers through the Bosphorus and Dardanelli channels, but quite intertwining with Russian export possibilities.

In the rock of the closed economy of the USSR, especially in the period of "cold war", the ability to live up to the potential of the economic and geographical position of the land is in the border of the border. Pislya of the end of the Other Holy Days of the Eurasian geopolitical camp of the Radiansky Union was deprived of the protection of the block of socialist regions for the sake of economic mutual assistance (REV). However, only after the end of the period of "cold war" of the CPSR, having the opportunity to go to the active vikorystannya "resource position" for the development of power economy and vbudovannya in the world economic system. Let's say that in the vastness of Asian Russia, we can serve the port of Skhidny in Wrangel Bay on the Distant Descent and the organization of the Trans-Siberian intermodal transport system for transit through the transport flow between the countries of the Asia-Pacific Region. Obsyag robotic systems only for containers in the mid 70s and 80s, overturning 100 yew. Smarter one container per pik (maximum - in 1981 p - 138.5). In the past ten years of political, economic and organizational reasons, the robot of the Transsiberian transport system has been destroyed, the competitiveness has decreased, and the number of transported containers has been speeding up to 14-20 years. One of the clever ones.

2.Geographic location of Russia.

Russia has been rooted in the winter-conservative part of the largest continent of the Earth - Eurasia and the loan is close to a third of the last territory (31.5%). The extreme points of the mainland є one hour and the extreme points of Russia. We are overwhelmed in two parts of the world - Europe and Asia, - Russia will go away from the part of Europe and the ancient expanses of Asia.

The cordon between many parts of the world in the borders of Russia is carried out across the Urals, and in the row of places near the mountains and highways, which cross the mountains, stand old kam'yani obelisks, but some very easy memorials and signs - "European", depressions. As far as Europe is concerned, only three more than 1/5 of the area of the land (close to 22%) is seen, and even more often, apparently about European Russia, it may be on respect for it the entire territory, but to lie close to the land. Whether it’s a part of the Asian part of Russia, 3/4 of the land falls. Near Tuva, near Kizil, is the center of Asia. Through the islands of Wrangel and Chukotka, pass the 180th meridian, now, the border of Russia lies in the Western Pivkul.

For the size of the territory, our land will sit in the first place in the world. The area of Russia is 17.1 million km 2. There are more areas of all the European powers, at once they are uzyatih. Territory Russia is more common not with the surrounding powers, but with the whole continents. The area of Russia is larger than the area of Australia and Antarctica, and the Spanish America is less likely to move (18.2 million km 2). Russia in 1.6-1.8 times overturned the largest power in the world - Canada, the USA and China, and in 29 times - the most powerful power in Europe - Ukraine.

Russia is located in Pivnichniy pivkuli. The most extreme point on the mainland - Mis Chelyuskin on the Taimir Peninsula - lies at 77 ° 43 "Mon. ... Only 900 km from the Pivnichniy Pole. The extreme point is located on the early western end of the Bazarduzu mountains in the central part of the Golovny, or Vododilny, ridge of the Great Caucasus, on the cordon of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. Її latitude - 41 ° 11 "N.

It is seen between extreme winter and winter points at 40 ° along the meridian, and at the same time mainland point outward at 36.5 °. The price is more than 4000 km.

This is the length of the territory from pivnichi for the day in the afternoon with the latitudinal setting of the accumulation of unreasonable warmth on the surface of the country and the formation of three climatic belts (arctic, sub-arctic) natural areas: From the Arctic Kestrels to the Kestrels of the World Belt.

The main part of the territory of our country is located between 70 and 50 ° Mon. Nearly 20% of the territory lies behind the Pivnichny Polar stake.

Near the Kaliningrad region on the Baltic Sea region of the Gdansk region of the Baltic Sea at 19 ° 38 ", let the extreme western point of our land lie. in the current "island" point. The main territory of Russia is to be repaired up to 500 km on the way. Pededze (right of a tributary of a different order of the Daugavi) at 27 ° 17 "skidnoї dovgoti

The extreme skidny points of Russia are surrounded by the waters of the Bering Channel. Here, on the Chukotka Peninsula, there is the extreme point of the mainland - Mys Dezhnyova (169 ° 40 "W), and on the Ratmanov Islands, right up to the group of Diomida islands, - At the extreme time of the island point (169 ° 02" W) .). Become 171 ° 20 "between the western and western outskirts of Russia, or even more than 10,000 km. Territory of the land (ten time zones): if it is evening in the Baltic Uzbek, a new day will begin in Chukotz.

2.1.Granitsy .

The total length of the cordons of Russia is 60,932 km. There are 38 807 km (close to 2/3), land - 22 125 km (including 7616 km - along rivers and lakes). Pivnichna and skidna outskirts of the sea *, and western and pivdenna - overland. The great length of the state cordons of Russia is due to the size of the territory and the vivism of the outlines of the coastal lines of the seas of the Pivnichny Ice, the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, which wash the shores of the country.

The nature of the land cordons in the western and general parts is not the same. There, de cordon came to us at the decline from Tsarist Russia, Smells most often pass along natural boundaries. With the expanded state of the border, the demand was clearly fixed. On sparsely populated territories, the smell of blame is easily recognized. Tse became unaware of the readiness of the cordons themselves: a river, a mountain range, etc. Such a character in the main zberig is gone to the part of the cordon.

The Ninth Western and the Old-Western Cordonies of Russia were celebrated with a new path. Tse cordons, which were previously internal-state, cordons are also surrounded by sub'ects in the territory of the country, as they often changed quite a bit, so that it was a meaningful world of administrative cordon. There was no need to tie such a cordon to the natural boundaries. If the internal state cordon was re-made into the interdepartmental, the stench appeared to be not tied to natural objects. This is how the cordon of Russia from Finland and Poland was formed. Even in the big world, there are cordons, which came to an end when the Radiansky Union fell apart.

Zakhidny cordon practically in all its prototypes does not clearly turn the natural boundaries. To repair yourself on the Uzbek coast of the Barents Sea from Varangerfjord and pass along the humpbacked tundra, then along the valley of the Pasvik river. At tsіy dіlyantsі Russia between Norway and Norway. Dali with the support of Russia and Finland. The cordon goes along the Mansel'ka highland, because of the very swampy and deep-lined landscape, along the slope of the low ridge of Salposel'ka and 160 km on the first entrance from Viborg to the Finnish bay of the Baltic Sea. At the extreme sunset, on the birch trees of the Baltic Sea and the th Gdansk tributary, there is the Kaliningrad region of Russia, between Poland and Lithuania. A large part of the cordon of the region from Lithuania passes along the Niman (Nemunas) and the second tributary of the Sheshupe river.

From the Finnish inlet between the river and the river Narva, the Chudskoye and Pskov lakes, and far beyond the low valleys, there are more , Desni and Diet, Siversky Donets and Oskol), some along other-row valleys and small lakes, through the foliage of humpbacks, open-girded lis-steppe and steppe, but also rose-colored, vastness to Taganroz Sea of Azov... Here, with the support of Russia, stretching over 1000 km є the number of fraternal republics of the Radiansky Union of Estonia, Latvia, Bilorus and Ukraine.

The Pivdenny cordon, similar to the western one, is overland. Vona repair through the Kerch channel, from the Azov Sea to the Chornyi, and pass through the territorial waters of the Black Sea to the mouth of the Psou river. Here the land cordon with Georgia and Azerbaijan will be repaired. Vona pass along the Psou valley, and then further along the Golovny, or Vododilny, ridge of the Great Caucasus, along the Bichny ridge on the paths along the Roksky and Kodorskoy passes, then again along the Water ridge to the mountains Bazardyuzi, valleys which reach the Caspian Sea. In such a rank, in the regions of the Great Caucasus, the cordon of Russia is clearly defined by natural, natural boundaries. It was amazed by the fact that the nature surrounded the possibilities of the development of the peoples of the Caucasus with steep, high girskims. The length of the cordon in the Caucasus is 1000 km.

Dal the cordon of Russia to pass through the water area of the Caspian Sea, from the Uzbek shore near the walled outskirts of the Volga delta the land cordon of Russia to Kazakhstan should be repaired. Vona pass along the heaths and dry steppes of the Caspian lower reaches, in the area of the Mugodzhar region with the Urals, along the northern steppe part of the Western Siberia and along the Altai mountains. The cordon in Kazakhstan near Russia was found (over 7500 km), ale mayzhe is not fixed by natural boundaries. The territory of the Kulunda Rivnini, for example, is close to 450 km of the border from the first entry to the new route along a straight line, parallel to the current of the Irtish. True, close to 1,500 km the cordon passes along the rivers Maliy Uzen (Caspian Sea), the Urals and the other rivers Ileko, along the Tobol and the other rivers - the rivers Uy (the most lengthy rivers across Kazakhstan), and so on.

A part of the cordon - across Altai - is orographically neatly twisted. Vona pass along the ridges, from where the Katun basin goes to the Bukhtarmi basin - the right tributaries of the Irtish (Koksuiskiy, Kholzunskiy, Listvyagi, on small upsides - Katunskiy and Pivdenny Altai).

Mayzhe entire cordon of Russia from Altai to The Pacific pass along the girskiy belt. In the area of the ridge of the Pivdenny Altai, Mongolian Altai and Saylyugem there is a Girskiy higher educational institution Tabin-Bogdo-Ula (4082 m). Here the cordon of three powers converge: China, Mongolia and Russia. The length of the cordon of Russia from China and the Mongolian leash for 100 km led to the Russian-Kazakh cordon.

The cordon passes along the Saylyugem ridge, the pivnichny outskirts of the Ubsunur ulovina, the mountain ridges of Tuvi, Skhidny Sayan (Great Sayan) and Transbaikal (Dzhidinsky, Erman and іn.). Far away along the rivers Argun, Amur, Ussuri and її livіy pritotsі - rіchtsі Sungach. More than 80% of the Russian-Chinese cordon pass along the rivers. The state cordon crosses the private part of the water area of Lake Khanka, passes along the ridges of the Prikordonny and Chorni Gori. At the extreme end of Russia between Pivnichnaya Korea, according to Tumanna (Tuminjian). The length of the border is all 17 km. Along the valley of the river, the Russian-Korean cordon goes to the Uzbek coast of the Sea of Japan for one day from the Posyet inflow.

Skhidny cordon of Russia Morska. Vaughn pass through the vast expanses of the Pacific Ocean and the first sea - the Japanese, Okhotsk and Bering seas. Here Russia is between Japan and the United States. The cordon passes along the big-mensh wide sea channel: from Japan - the channels of La Perouse, Kunashirskiy, Zradi and Radianskiy, from the Russian islands Sakhalin, Kunashir and Tanfilyev (Mala Kuril'ska ridge) to the With the receipt by the States of America in the Bering prototype, there is a group of islands called Diomida. Here, along the high (5 km) channel between the Russian island of Ratmanov and the American island of Kruzenshtern, pass the state cordon of Russia and the United States.

Pivnichna border, yak and skidna, sea. Vona yde on the seas of Pivnichniy The icy ocean... From the extreme point on the Ratmanov island and from the extreme point Pivostrova Ribachiy (on the Kola Piostrovі) to the Pivnichniy Pole, approximately along the meridians of cich points, go to the cordon of "polar volodin" ** Russia.

2.2. The influence of the geographical position and the development of the territory on the particularity of nature and the statehood of the country .

The geographic provisions of Russia are linked to the main features of nature. Russia is a pivnichna land. Our Batkivshchyna is the land of the forest and the tundra, the land of the winter and the deepest permafrost, the land of the seaside, and the only coast of the cold, icy winter sea.

Russia roztashovana in the most important part of the majestic continent. On the її territory there is a pole to the cold of Pivnіchnoі pіvkulі. Russia is on the cold end of the Pivnichny Ice Ocean. It is a great part of the її territory to lie on pіvnіch from 60 ° mon. Ce - polar and polar regions. Pivdennish 50 ° Mon. It is only close to 5% of the territory of Russia. 65% of the territory of the land has been cultivated in the zone of extended bagatore permafrost.

In the first half of the year, there are close to 150 million inhabitants. Nowhere in light, not in pivnichnoe, or in pivdenniy pіvkulі, there is no such crowd of people in such high latitudes.

The peculiarities of the country are imposed on the minds of the life of people and the development of the state. Perche for all tse proyavlyaєtsya in neobhіdnostі buduvati uteplenі Zhitlo, opalyuvati Zhitlo i virobnichі primіschennya, zabezpechuvati stіylove utrimannya thinness (and tse not tіlki budіvnitstvo spetsіalnih tvarinnitskih primіschen and second zagotіvlya kormіv) stvoryuvati spetsіalnu tehnіku in pіvnіchnomu vikonannі, snіgopribiralnu tehnіku for rozchischennya the agriculture magіstraley , streets and sidewalks, vitrachati supplementary stocks of fire for robots and transport vehicles at low temperatures. All prices are not only the organization of special virobnits, but the first great material resources, the first for all the energy, which in the finnish rakhunka leads to the colossal financial contribution.

The nature of our land leads to great intercourse in the development of the Silskoy statehood. Russia is located in the zone of rural farming. Lack of heat for the development of agricultural crops, and in the early part - in theology of the Veda before neurosis and lack of fertility is a very important phenomenon for our farming. Ten years of skin trapelling great neuroses. Price for the establishment of significant state grain reserves. Suvori think about the versatility of growing high-yield forage crops. To substitute for the warmth-loving soy and corn, we are brought in mainly oats, which does not allow such high vapors. Tse, the order of vitrates on the style of thinning out thinness, is signified on the sobriety of products of creation. To that, without a state support (subsidy), our land's gratitude to our land, self-sufficiency, welcomes the whole land: everyone is bound to him for the reason and for all the head of his life - the population.

This rank, the state of affairs of Russia, is the beginning of the complexity of the conduct of all the government of the country and the great vitra of energy resources. We need to take 2-3 times more energy than in Western Europe. European countries... Only for this purpose, not freezing, survive one winter, a skin resident of Russia in a fallow area from the area of his residence needs 1 to 5 tons of clearing fire per river. For all residents of our country, the warehouse is not less than 500 million tons.

3.Geopolitical position of Russia.

Geopolitical encampment of Russia, t. E. Stanovische on the political map, according to the relationship to the old powers, is established by a number of factors in the middle of the country and beyond the borders. A majestic positive infusion is based on a new character of re-creation in the economy, in the internal and external politics of the country, which will occur in the remaining period of the hour. The head among them is the transition to market trends and the prevalence of economy, the view of the Cold War policy, the prototype of the United States and the other NATO countries, and the view of the Russian presence in the background. Tsi and іnshі officials took over the international authority of the country, changed the status of the country.
s zovnishnikh officials Particularly significant will be a glimpse into the result of the fall of the USSR on the western and ancient borders of the land of the new neighboring states, which I will call "near abroad", the status of members of the SND (for the blame of the Baltic region), within the framework of the economic It will be seen from the cordons of our country of Europe and nearby countries.
The other factor that is pouring into the current geopolitical camp of Russia is the growth of economic power and political economy in the world of powers that are close to it, or close to China, China, China, China, China , Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, etc.). The male Asian subregion of the country will continue to focus on the role of the development of government links in Russia. In suchasnіy svіtovіy ekonomіtsі Kraina Shіdnoї i Pіvdenno-Shіdnoї Azії toil nayvischі Tempi rozvitku (vinyatok - Yaponіya, vzhe dosyagla duzhe Visoko rіvnya rozvitku Economy), toil digit obsyag gold and foreign koshtіv, Je naybіlshimi postachalnikami on svіtovy rinok VZUTTYA, odyagu, textile virobіv, pobutovoї elektronnoї hardware, personal computers, cars and other types of high-tech and labor-intensive products.

However, the extent of the internal market, the interconnection of the territory, the power mineral-syruin base, the unfeasibility of protecting the population and growing rapidly with a robot, to accommodate the great depletion of the territory in the subregion. Skidny districts of Russia, great for the area, ale poorly populated, navpaki, are made up of the strained natural resource potential, rooted galuzami of important industries (including Vyrobnitsy of tajskoy products of technology, the great internal market for the promotion of drinks on the products of light industry and science-based virobities, in the days of the great internal diversities of finance and The process of changing the mind for the development of economic and political relations between Russia and the countries of the Middle East and the Middle East. Economics and geography of Russia to Russia.
Unpretentious for the unfriendly demographic and folding social and economic situation, Russia has become a land with the high culture and culture of the population, which borrows the hard scientific and technical potential. The main warehouses of the scientific and technical potential of the country are the number of scientific frames, the level of development and the nature of the staging of scientific According to the indicators of the level of coverage, Russia is borrowed from one of the provincial events in the world: in the country, there is a general coverage, and on the skin of a thousand older residents (in the age of 16 years, older) fall in the middle of the future, not 800 children, close to 300 - middle ground, more than 100 - vishche. There is a great number and a high yakisny warehouse of workers engaged in science. There is a large number of faculty members in the field of education, who lead the science of pre-development and marketing, change 1 million people, in the middle of them there are doctors and candidates of sciences.

In the rest of the rock in the minds of the crisis economy, the economy spurs on the appearance of science frames in the minds of the government and, apparently, the speed of the number of people engaged in science. There is a lack of safety of technical means and pre-day possessions. The part of vitrat on the NDDKR in the country's GDP will become close to 5% of GDP.
For this indicator, Russia is doing something to the countries that are leading in the light of their scientific and technical potential - the USA, Japan, Nimechchini, France, Great Britain, Italy. Uninvolved in the price, Russia prodovzhu in the number of provincial provinces in the light of scientific resources, and for some straightforward (aviation and space technology, atomic energy and in.)
An important role in the economy of Russia is to play a role in the galuzy of the virobnic sphere, in which the population is occupied (65% of the total number of occupied population) is even larger, lower in the non-viral sphere (35%). At the warehouses of the branch of the sphere, they handle the halusi, which without a priori supply the material product, - industry and business (32% of the population is occupied), silske and lis government (14%). In total, 46% of the population is occupied by cich haluzes in Russia. Rashta galuzei of the virobnicheskoy sphere - transport and links (8%), as well as trade, community procurement, material and technical supply, trade, procurement (11%).

4.Economics-geography of Russia.

Ekonomіko-geografіchne PROVISIONS viznachaєtsya representations to rozvinenogo Pіvnochі i rozvivaєtsya Pіvdnyu abo bіlsh exactly - representations to kraїn of Primіtivnoyu, Agrarian, Іndustrіalnoї, servіsnoї (postіndustrіalnoї) i Іnformatsіynoї ekonomіkoyu and takozh representations to polyusіv zrostannya svіtovoї Economy of the Global i-fіnansovo іnformatsіynim centers.

Protyagom Radyans'ka perіodu rozvitku OOO Russian Federation pozitsіonuvalasya in svіtovіy ekonomіtsі yak Krayina of Іndustrіalnoї ekonomіkoyu i Ziman promіzhne stanovishche mіzh rozvinenim Pіvnіchchyu, yak zdіysnyuvala perehіd to Servіsno-Іnformatsіynoї ekonomіtsі, i kraїnam scho rozvivayutsya Pіvdnem, SSMSC zalishilisya of Primіtivnoyu i Agrarian ekonomіkoyu.

The Syrian sector and the military-industrial complex were locomotives for the development of the economy, and they made the vast expansion of the country unprecedented. The protest of the dominance of the Syrian model in the regions, which is developing (including the Zusillians of the SRCP), has called for a swift expansion of the Svitovaya market natural resources And the development of important promises - to the intensification of environmental problems. Vibir for savings and for the development of the industrial model of the economy with the growing problems of competition on the mainland markets and the growing environmental problems, there is obviously little change in the shortness of the transition to Servino-information At the time of the transition, Russia will come close to the edge of the deserted Pivnoch and the closed Pivnichne Kilce of the edge of the postindustrial economy.

Such a transition from a camp to the poles of the growth of the light economy. In Danish hour, the highest rate of economic growth (3 - 7% in Rіk) demonstrates the land of the Asian-Pacific region, which is the global center of economic growth. China increased its GDP in 2001 by 7%, and the release of industrial products - by 9.5%. For India, the indicators were 4.4% and 1.8%, for Indonesia - 3.5% and 7.5%. For its indicators of growth (GDP growth by 5.1%, industrial production growth by 3.8%), Russia is on the same level with all countries, which can be witness about the step of inclusion of Russia in the global pole of growth of the world economy. However, it is quite abundant in the form of vibudovannya economically in relation to both Asian and European and American economic centers, concentrating great financial and technological resources. Policy Oscillations advances in the economy, it is important to correctly assess the political and geographical position of Russia.

5. Political and geographical position of Russia.

The political geographic position of Russia is based on the relationship to the land and political unions, which has a key role in political politics. Unimportant to the policy of politics in Bagatyokh lands until the prompting of a bogatopolar light, since then, the United States of America has become the only global center of political politics. Continental centers of light policy are the State of Europe (European Union), the Russian Federation and China. Gradually increase in the influx of India, Mexico, Brazil and a number of other countries. Protect in the near future from the United States, the United States and China is the key to Russia.

For a successful economic development of the Russian Federation, it is necessary for all the stability on the Euro-Asian continent. The guarantor of such stability can be the "Vise of Peacefulness" (on the mind of the "Axis of Evil" invented by the Americans), which calls France, Nimechchin, Russia, China, India and Japan. Such a political union to extinguish the fire of instability in Eurasia (Balkan, Caucasus, Blizkiy Skhid, Afghanistan, Korean problem) and set up the development of the whole continent for a new economic development, which concentrates 2/3 of the population.

In this day, we can talk about the manifestation of serious changes in the formation of the European-Asian political union (the expansion of the EU, the integration of the regions of the SND, the stem of the political organization (Shanghai geography, for the sake of China)) and the Central Asia The position and economic perspectives of Russia can be changed.

6. Visnovok.

Evaluation and confirmation of the establishment of Russia in the Holy Fathers and Political Systems has changed in the last years of the 20th century. On one side, the territory of the state has become a minority, the land has become a significant part of sea ports, the minds of traditional transport land, water and wind routes, which were earlier victorious, were used for good calls. On the other hand, a new pole of growth has emerged in Pivdenno-Shіdnіy Asia, there has become an economical integration of the lands of Western Europe (the European Union has been formed), the role of one of the United States is taking shape. Between three provincial light poles, large-scale economic links are growing. Particularly intensively, there is an increase in commodity exchange between the countries of the Great Patriotic Asia and Europe, the Great Patriotic War and Central Asia. The system of transport bridges "Zakhid - Shid" is being formed for the purpose of building, which step by step joins the Crete system of transport corridors in Europe.
It is clear that what has been said is that the economic and geographical position is less methodologically significant. Mіsce, be occupied by a kind of area - if it’s a land, a region or a place - in the system of geographic subdivisions, the meaningful world will be assigned to economical geographic provisions. Oscillations of the economic and geographical position of the significant world in terms of the links given to the area in the system of geographical subdivisions of practice, it is impossible not to add it to the economic area of the territory.

In Russia, 64% of the territory is located up to the zone of Pivnochi, which becomes 50% of the area of the planetary Pivnoch. Dosvid in the development of cich Territories is even more important for our country. The zmіna of the geopolitical camp brought up a number of negative inheritances. The current economic links with the countries in the western and ancient times are brought here through the territory of the SND powers (Bilorus, Ukraine). Tse accelerated trade and transport operations and functions of firing and energy factors of international character (naphtha, gas pipelines, power lines). Є to all the presentations of the state of affairs, the significance of the economic and geographical position of Ukraine in terms of the growth of all the "mizh" systems. Geopolitically significant will become one of the most important changes in the economic development of Russia and the political approval of the world among the great powers of the planet on the ear of the XXI century. At the same time, the role of the "middle" economic and geographical position of Siberia in the scale of Russia and the geopolitical position of the Asian Russia in the ICS in the process of the economic "exploitation" of the potential of the strategic "resource of the position" is exceptionally great.

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The territory is important for the state as a geopolitical resource, so the country is fighting for the freedom of the land. The role of colonies / lands, territories /.
Territories are important, as well as geographic locations and natural resources / zgadaєmo F. Ratzel /.
Evaluation of economic - political - geographical position:
- go out to the sea, so go out to the outcritical seas;
- "closed" powers, letting go to the sea;
- control over communes / Turechchina, Dania, Panama, Singapur /;
- enclave powers / San Marino, Lesotho /;
- semi-enclave / Gambia, Brunei, Monaco /;
- the nature of the vidnosyn with the susids - geopolitical code / Nepal and Bhutan - one-sided arrangement to India, Mongolia has the same code / equivalent - one //;
- islands and archipelagic powers / archipelago - bagato, group of islands /;
- pіvostrіvnі / Italy, Korea /;
- Esclavniye / provinciya Cabinda Angola, pcs. Alaska USA, Kaliningradska region of the Russian Federation /;
- with corridors ("Afghan corridor", links to the British; vikhid = access to the river, sea, ocean);
- compact / France, Poland /;
- species of living form / Chili, V'utnam, Norway /.
When assessing the GWP of a state, it is necessary to have the following parameters, such as:
- number of suspects;
- komunikatsii, scho call the power with the sussids;
- the nature and intensity of the connection and from the outgoing light / conflict and allies of the country, the heavy and the development of the country - a kind of geographic gravity /.
In general, we can talk about the GWP as a complex of a given power with the other countries and territories in three regions - local, macroregional and global, - supplemented by economic, historical cultures, ethnic, confessional.
In the PG, it is a particular place to come to the analysis of such features of the territory, such as the size and morphology.
Its pluses and minuses, specific problems, both in the great and in the small territory. Classics of geopolitics spoke about the crossing of "great territories" / Grossraum /. More important is the meaning of the small, key territories (land).
For PG, it is important to assess not only the size of the territory, but the yak characteristics, morphology, form.
In the PG, there was a statement about the "ideal state", in which territory a round or six-sided (hexagonal) form. Hexagon (gr.)
- shist + kut = six-kutnik. From the side, the power of a knotty, wrong form, very importantly accessible parts, like easy defense and development economically, difficult in terms of infrastructure, communication, management, etc. /.
The problem of the lack of handiness of the sovereign territory can be seen in the PG. You can choose the following types:
- the state of the "wrong" form (the territory of Croatia is not a part of the Serbian life, literally, the land is opened in two parts before the conflict);
- vityagnuty, "cord" powers (Chili, Norway, V'utnam);
- a fragmentary power / Philippines - Christians and Muslims on the islands of Mindanao, Indonesia - Christians and Muslims, in the last two-member Pakistan, "subway" Malaysia - on the islands and islands /;
- powers that may be great natural barriers and important territories / Peru divided by the Andes, Badakhshan on Pamiri / "dakh svitu"), Fergana Valley - autonomy, independence /.
The characteristic of the territory is further supplemented with the problem of complex registration of international / near-cordon / rychok, corridors for access to the rychka, the sea, the ocean.